Motivation 14 Slides

8/7/2019 Motivation 14 Slides

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Defining Motivation

y Motivation is the Direction and Intensity of Efforty Direction: Refers to whether an individual seeks out,

approaches or is attracted to certain situations

y

Intensity: refers to how much effort a person put forth ina situation

y The best way to understand motivation is to considerboth the person and the situation and how they interact.


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Views on Motivationy Trait-Centered

y Also called Participant Centered

y Motivated behavior is primarily a function of individualcharacteristics.y The Real Winner or Loser

y

Situation Centeredy Motivation is determined primarily by the situation

y The athlete enjoys one type of training over another


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Views on Motivationy Interactional View

y Most widely endorsed

y The best way to understand motivation is to examinehow the factor of traits and situations interact.


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Interactional Model of Motivation

Personal

Factors

PersonalityNeeds

Interests

Goals

Situational

Factors

Coachs StyleFacilities

W-L Records

Style of Play

Interaction

Participant Motivation


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Using Interactional Motivation

ApprovalOriented

RejectionThreatened

LowerPerformance

BestPerformance

BestPerformance

LowerPerformance

MOTIVATION TYPE THE COMPETITIVE SITUATION

ALONE ONA TEAM


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Guidelines for Building Motivation

y Both Situations and Traits motivate peopley People have multiple motives for Involvement

y Understand whyy People have competing Motivesy Motive Change over time

y Changes in the Environment can enhancemotivationy Providing multiple opportunities

y Adjust to individuals within groupsy Leaders influence motivationy Behavior Modification can change participants

undesirable motives


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Understanding Why People Participate in

Sport and Exercise

y This exercise helps you identify various motivespeople have for participating in sport or exercise.Working in a small group, discuss the reasons thatyou and people you know participate in athletics orexercise. What situational or personal factorsinfluence participation? What are the majormotives for participation? What are some of the

most unusual or unique motives?

Sport participation motives:

Exercise participation motives:


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Achievement Motivationy A persons efforts to master a task, achieve excellence,

overcome obstacles, perform better the others andtake pride in exercising talent. Effects include:y Choice of activity (What and who)

y Effort to pursue goal (practice)

y Intensity (How hard you try)

y Persistencey When the going gets tough the _____ _____ ____


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Theories ofAchievement Motivationy Need Achievement

The Interactional view that considers:

y

Personality Factorsy Situational Factors

y Behavioral Tendencies

y Approach Success or Avoid Failure

y Emotional Reactions

y Focus on pride/shame on success/failure


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Theories ofAchievement Motivationy Attribution Theory

y Focuses on how people explain their successes and

failures

y The Stability Factor permanent or unstable

y Locus of Causality the cause of behavior is external orinternal to him/herself

y Locus of Control what can be controlled/not controlled


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Theories ofAchievement Motivationy Achievement Goal Theory

y Goals and perception are the main factors in Motivation

y

Goalsy Outcome orientation: Defeating others

y Task orientation: Improving on past performances

y Perceived Ability

y How does a person think they compare


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Theories ofAchievement Motivationy Competence Motivation Theory

y People are motivated to feel worthy or competent and

such feelings are the primary determinants ofmotivation.

y Feedback and reinforcement affect self esteem andperceived competence/control

y Useful when working with children


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Developing ofAchievement Motivationy Autonomous Stage

y Stage that occurs up though age 4y Children are focusing on mastering their environmenty Self Comparison

y Social Comparison Stagey Starts at about age 5y Focus is one directly comparing performance to others

y Integrated Stagey The person who knows when it is appropriate to

compare him/herself to other or when to adopt self-referenced standards

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Motivation 14 Slides