Mostly Harmless _Pump

8/20/2019 Mostly Harmless _Pump

1/14

2/24/16 Mostly Harmless ?

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/mostly-harmless-simon-bradshaw 1

Mostly Harmless ?

The title is of course a reference to my muse de jour, the Hitchhiker's Guide to the

Galaxy . I grew up listening to the BBC radio show of the same name and enjoyed

reading the book, more years ago than I care to admit.

For those of you who have not had the pleasure of reading the book, in summary

it is British absurdist humor at its finest (think Monty Python with a sci-fi

theme). For example in the opening chapter of the book, the Earth is completely

destroyed to make room for a "Hyperspace Bypass".

That leads onto the more serious part of this post (and the question mark at the

end of the title), where I am going to take a very deep dive into a recent pump

requirement we were asked to bid and (attempt) to show how apparently mostly

harmless specification limits can easily result in a pump that is definitely

hazardous to your bottom line profits.

Ok so onto the pump rating and specifications. *We were asked to bid the

following*:

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2/14



Because the customer wanted to minimize first cost and keep efficiency high,

their strong preference was for 3560 RPM operation. So a mostly harmless set

of specifications right ? Well no not really.

Firstly if you take the NPSHr and assume an ideal pump selection picked at BEP

and maximum impeller diameter then calculate Nss you get the following:

Nss = 3560 * (2892/2)^0.5 / 23.3^0.75 = 12765 (US units).

So right away the Nss (which is only valid when calculated for maximum impeller

diameter @ BEP), exceeds the limit specified for our ideal pump pick. Now when

this happens one way to reduce NPSHr while also keeping under a Nss limit is to

select a larger pump running back on the HQ curve. This is because NPSHr

reduces at flowrates below BEP, but since Nss is calculated only at BEP for

a maximum diameter impeller, the pump "complies" with the Nss specification.

I've tried to demonstrate this on the graphic below.


3/14



Now because we have a larger pump run back on the HQ curve, in order to stay

within the 80% to 110% of BEP selection window, the pump impeller is also

trimmed significantly. This trimming moves the apparent BEP. However there is

a significant price to pay for doing this.

When you trim an impeller, only the outlet geometry is affected. The inlet to the

impeller is unchanged. Pump designers are concerned with what we call the

"shockless flow". This is the flowrate at which the incoming fluid is best aligned

with the impeller vane at the inlet. Since trimming the impeller does not change

the inlet, consequently trimming does not affect the value of shockless flow. I've

shown this in the graphic below.


4/14



Why does the value of shockless flow matter ? It matters because together with

the impeller eye diameter it determines when the impeller will see the onset of

suction recirculation. As most of you will be aware, suction recirculation results

in significantly higher vibration levels and consequently reduced reliability.

In an API 610 pump with modern hydraulic design we would expect the onset of

suction recirculation at around 60% of the BEP at maximum impeller diameter.

However because we've trimmed the impeller, the apparent BEP has now moved

closer to the onset of suction recirculation, reducing the effective operating

range. I think you can see where this is going....

In our example, the need to meet 11,000 Nss forced operation so far away

from shockless flow that the pump is basically going to be operating in suction

recirculation even at the rated flow. The result will be extremely poor

pump reliability and much higher pump life cycle cost.


5/14



Now I expect some of you might be saying -

" Ah well that is because ITT Goulds Pumps engineers are **spatially challenged

wombats** . Another pump company would do better."

So just to show you that isn't the case, I've posted the best competitor pump

selection (a second competitor I tried didn't have any possible selection):

As you can see they have exactly the same difficulty, meaning that the source of

the problem is the customer specification. You might then respond with -

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-continuously-rising-curve-always-big-deal-simon-bradshaw?trk=mp-author-card


6/14



" Ah well my company is smarter than that. It could never happen here"

I'd note at this point that these requirements came from a major oil company

who is viewed by their peers as having significant technical prowess :\

So how could we have salvaged this bad situation ?

ITT Goulds Pumps SGsT curve

So the moral of the story is that even mostly harmless specifications can cost

your company dearly. If you find such specifications lurking in your company's

standards, please ask for help. ITT Goulds Pumps has many years of

experience helping customers write common sense specifications that minimize

life cycle cost (LCC) and we can help you too.

As always, comments and questions are gratefully received and most welcome.

Beatus Centrifuga

*Rated values have been slightly altered to spare the embarrassment of any

individual or company*

**ITT Goulds Pumps R&D Engineering is a certified wombat free zone - and we

can read maps and almost never ever need to stop and ask for directions**

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140815043916-120635610-should-i-be-concerned-about-nss-part-2?trk=mp-author-card


7/14



Written by

If You Could Have One Superpower, What Would It

Be?

Melinda and I were asked that question recently by high school students in

Kentucky. Our answers must have sounded pretty lame to fans of superheroes

like Supergirl and the Flash -- we simply wished for more energy and time to help

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Hasan JafariHasan JafariEngineer at NISOC

Thanks. It was great!Thanks. It was great!

LikeLike ReplyReply 4 days ago4 days ago

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8/14



us keep up with all the moving pieces in our busy lives.

But for billions of families around the world, the challenges of energy and time

are very different from ours -- and these challenges have a huge impact on their

ability to realize their potential. That’s why we chose to focus on these critical

issues in our annual letter, which we’re releasing today .

Imagine life without energy. No energy to power a light bulb, mobile phone, or

fridge. In fact, about 1.3 billion people -- 18 percent of the world’s population --

don’t need to imagine. That’s what life is like for them every day.

If we had to sum up history in one sentence it would be: “Life gets better -- not for

everyone all the time, but for most people most of the time.” And one of the

biggest reasons is energy. For thousands of years, people burned wood for fuel.

Their lives were, by and large, short and hard. But when people started using coal

in the 1800s, life started getting better a lot faster. Pretty soon we had lights,

skyscrapers, elevators, air conditioning, cars, planes, and all the other things that

make up modern life.

Without access to energy, the poor are stuck in the dark, denied all of the

economic, social, and health benefits that come with power. So if we really want to

help the world’s poorest families, we need to find a way to get them access to

energy they can afford. And we need to do it in a way that doesn’t make climate

change worse, because the poor are more vulnerable to extreme weather and

other climate impacts than anyone else.

To produce much more cheap, clean energy, we must make better use of existing

https://www.gatesnotes.com/2016-Annual-Letter?WT.mc_id=02_23_2016_04_AL2016_BG-LI_&WT.tsrc=BGLI


9/14



technologies, such as solar and wind. Even more important, we’re going to need a

massive amount of research into thousands of new ideas. Today, the U.S.

government is the largest funder of energy R&D, and yet we’re still woefully

underinvesting. In fact, consumers spend more on gasoline in a week than the

government spends on clean-energy research in a year!

To help trigger a big increase in R&D, I recently helped launch an effort by morethan two dozen private citizens that will complement government research being

done by several countries. Some of the crazier inventions that I'm excited about

are a possible way to use solar energy to produce fuel, much like plants use

sunlight to make food for themselves, and batteries the size of swimming pools

with huge storage capacity.

Few of the crazy ideas will pay off. But we’re betting that within 15 years, scientists

and engineers will develop big breakthroughs that will put us on a path to zero

carbon emissions and make energy more affordable for everyone.

The more than 1 billion people without energy spend a significant portion of their

time collecting wood and water for the basics of life: heating and cleaning their

homes and cooking their food. Almost invariably, that grueling and time-

consuming labor is done by women and girls. Globally, women spend an average

of 4.5 hours doing unpaid work every day, compared to an average of about 2

hours per day for men.

This global average obscures the reality of many women’s lives, which can consist

of six or seven or more hours of unpaid work every day. When Melinda visited

Tanzania a couple of years ago, she stayed with Anna and Sanare and their six

children. Anna’s day started at 5 a.m., when she lit the fire for making breakfast.

After they cleaned up, they fetched water. Then it was time to build the fire again

for lunch. After that they went into the forest to chop wood. Then they went for

more water, milked the goats, made dinner, and washed up in the moonlight.

Anna’s exhausting day is typical in many parts of the world.

http://b-gat.es/1ROzrdehttp://www.breakthroughenergycoalition.com/en/?WT.mc_id=02_23_2016_04_Announcement_BG-LI_&WT.tsrc=BGLI


10/14



This heavy and unequal burden is unfair. It’s also a serious obstacle to progress,

because women are so busy meeting basic needs that they can’t invest in the

future by doing paid work, going to school, or visiting the doctor regularly.

One solution is to invest in cheap, clean energy so that unpaid work doesn’t take

so many hours. But reducing the time required to do household tasks isn’t

enough. No matter how efficient we make housework, we won’t free up women’s

time until we all recognize that their time is just as valuable as men’s. There’s not

a single country in the world where men do as much unpaid work as women, so

everyone has plenty of room for improvement on this score.

The division of work depends on cultural norms, and we call them norms because

they seem normal -- so normal that many of us don’t notice the assumptions

we’re making about how women and men are “supposed to” spend their time.

We’d love to play a role in inspiring young people to help shift those norms.

Energy and time are important issues, but there are many others. What can you

do to improve the world? What superpower do you wish you had? Join the

discussion by sharing your #superpowerforgood and read our 2016 Annual Letter

at www.gatesletter.com.

https://www.gatesnotes.com/2016-Annual-Letter?WT.mc_id=02_23_2016_04_AL2016_BG-LI_&WT.tsrc=BGLI


11/14



Written by

This article originally appeared on CNN.com.

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David MalunganeDavid Malungane

Freelance Researcher at MySelf (as an independent consultant)

To read mindsTo read minds

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Ralph SeabrooksRalph Seabrooks,, Seth Appiah-MensahSeth Appiah-Mensah,, odri s evaodri s eva, +2, +2

Doug StephensDoug StephensTest/QA Manager at Independent

Never mind reading them.Never mind reading them. I'd like to be able to change them.I'd like to be able to change them.

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12/14



Yelp's Employee Scandal: Why Companies Need To

Offer Career Coaching As A Wellness Benefit

If you haven't seen it yet, Yelp's CEO is in the middle of a PR situation. A

disgruntled employee wrote him an open letter on the popular blogging platform,

Medium, outlining why terrible wages and the high cost of living in San Francisco

was leaving her starving, stressed, and ruining her childhood dreams.

The young woman is receiving a lot of criticism for doing this, including a scathing

rebuttle from a fellow Millennial worker who has dealt with the same adversity ina much different way.

However, the real lesson business leaders can learn here is the entire thing could

have been avoided if Yelp was offering its young staff private career coaching.

A College Degree Doesn't Provide Professional Maturity

Millennials make up 50% of the workforce today. That number will jump to 75%

Linda Huijing GaoLinda Huijing Gao,, Farzana Gohar Farzana Gohar ,, odri s evaodri s eva, +2, +2

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13/14



in the next 10-15 years. While well-educated, studies show they are lacking the

professional skills employers are looking for. Less than 30% of them have ever

done internships or been in professional settings before. Which means, those first

few jobs out of college come with steep learning curves, both professionally and

personally. Having an objective person to talk through the challenges helps

Millennials move through the learning curves faster and more effectively.

Gallup Study Reveals Disturbing Millennial Trend...

Gallup researched Millennial college grads who were extremely happy and

engaged in their early careers, resulting in a higher level of success compared to

their peers. The study showed those who thrived had had six major emotional

and experiential opportunities prior to starting their careers. These included:

Shockingly, a mere 3% of Millennial college grads have experienced all six. In

other words, 97% of the Millennial workforce hasn't had the critical experiences

needed to improve their chances of professional success and satisfaction. Leaving

employers to either help them close the gap, or deal with the consequences.

Millennials Want (And Need) Private Coaching To 'Save Face'

Some companies think teaching their managers to be better at coaching will solve

the problem. It won't. Managers are not coaches. An employee reports to the

manager. No matter how good a manager might be at training or motivating an

employee, they can never be fully objective to the needs of the employee's

development. That's why private coaching must be offered. It's the only way the

employee can work through the challenges without being judged by the manager.

This is particularly important to Millennial workers who hate letting people down.

Raised on praise and rewards, one of the hardest things for them to deal with in

the workplace is failure and disappointment. Thus, they will often avoid

http://www.gallup.com/poll/182306/big-six-college-experiences-linked-life-preparedness.aspx


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conversations with managers because they are afraid of conflict. Having an

unbiased third-party to get assistance from lets Millennials quickly get the right

kind of coaching to work through issues and stay engaged in the job.

Millennials Assume Private Coaching Will Be Provided

Millennials don't just want their own career coach, they expect it. Why? They'rethe first generation to be coached their entire lives. From organized sports to

music lessons, Millennials learned early on that coaching isn't a sign of weakness,

but a path to greatness.

For Yelp and other large companies hiring massive amounts of Millennials, I

strongly encourage you to at least explore affordable virtual career health and

wellness platforms for your staff as a benefit option. The ROI on the investment

will come in reduced turnover, higher productivity, greater job satisfaction, and

definitely less PR disasters.

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