MONDAY AUGUST 27 M500 N101 - NFO15nfo15.utt.fr/doc/Monday_in_line.pdf · 2 . Hochschule Reutlingen, Angewandte Chemie, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany . In my talk

MONDAY AUGUST 27 M500 N101

8:00-9:00 Welcome Coffee and Registration (Hall N)

9:00-9:15 Introduction to the Conference

9:15-10:00 Plenary: J. Vuckovic

10:00-10:10 Short Break Short break Session A1: Biophotonics Session B1: Imaging & Spectroscopy

Chair: R. Jaffiol Chair: N. Van Hulst

10:10-10:25 M. Brecht X. Xu 10:25-10:40 S. Kawata M. C. Martin 10:40-10:55 C. Molinaro A. J. Huber 10:55-11:10 P. M. Winkler F.Keilmann 11:10-11:25 J. B. Nieder P. Dvorak

Session A2: Nanooptics & Photochemistry Session B2: Cavity & Resonator Chair: G. P. Wiederrecht Chair: B. Gallas

11:30-12:00 H. Misawa (Invited) Y.-F. Xiao (Invited)

12:00-12:15 K. Wiwatowski S. K. Sekatskii 12:15-12:30 X.Zhou S. Kamada 12:30-12:45 T.Saiki B. Fix

12:45-14:10 Lunch Lunch

14:10-14:55 Plenary: N. Engheta

Session A3: New theoreticalapproaches in nano-optics Session B3: Nano-optics & Infra-Red Chair: U. Fischer Chair:F.Keilmann

15:00-15:30 A. O. Govorov (Invited) G. Walker (Invited)

15:30-15:45 T. Neuman S. C. Kehr 15:45-16:00 K.Iida R. H. Jiang 16:00-16:15 16:15-16:30

F. Alpeggiani T. Antoni G. Demésy S. Hayashi

16:30-17:00 Coffee break Coffee break

Session A4: Quantum optics and computing Session B4: 2D materials I Chair: V. Krachmalnicoff Chair: T. Taubner

17:00-17:30 M. Naruse (Invited) R. Agarwal (Invited)

17:30-17:45 P. Lombardi D. G. Baranov 17:45-18:00 G. Bachelier P. A. D. Goncalves 18:00-18:15 M. Urbieta A. Krayev 18:15-18:30 K.Lindfors A. Neogi 18:30-18:45 E.Dujardin E. Sheremet

18:45-21:00 Dinner buffet, poster session, thematic workshop, exhibitors installation

Monday oral sessions

Talks in more details (see nfo15 web site for abstracts) Monday oral sessions

SUB, ID TITLE AUTHOR FIRST NAME

AUTHOR LAST NAME

AUTHOR ORGANIZATION AUTHOR COUNTRY

A1 Biophotonics

46 Tuning the optical properties of Photosystem I with subwavelength microcavities and plasmonicnanoparticles

Marc Brecht University Tübingen Germany

54 Plasmonic nano-imaging of intracellular dynamics and molecular distribution Satoshi Kawata Osaka University and Serendip Research Japan

42 Effects of the liquid flow on the interactions between gold nanoparticles and lipid membranes Céline Molinaro Lasers and Spectroscopies Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter(NISM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur) Belgium

17 Planar plasmonic antenna arrays resolve transient nanoscopic heterogeneities in biologicalmembranes

Pamina M. Winkler ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science Spain

378 Nanoscopy of Cell Membranes and the Nuclear Lamina Jana B. Nieder INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory Portugal

B1 Imaging & Spectroscopy

7 Ultra-broadband Nano-spectroscopy witha Laser-driven Plasma Source Xiaoji Xu Lehigh University United States

293 Far-infrared nano-spectroscopy of plasmons and phase-change materials Michael Martin Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory United States

11 nano-FTIR correlation nanoscopy for organic and inorganic material analysis Andreas Huber neaspec GmbH Germany

138 All-electronic THz nanoscopy Fritz Keilmann Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Germany

209 Phase imaging of surface plasmon polaritons using Spatial light modulator Petr Dvořák Brno University of Technology Czech Republic

A2 Nano-optics & Photochemistry Plasmon-induced water splitting promoted by strong coupling between nanocavity and localized surface plasmon modes

Hiroaki Misawa Hokkaido University Japan

259 Energy propagation in plasmonic photosynthetic nanostructures Kamil Wiwatowski Nicolaus Copernicus University Poland

212 Electrochemical Imaging of Near-Field-Enhanced Photoanodic Water Oxidation Xuan Zhou University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign United States

299 Nano-optical implementationof swarm intelligence Toshiharu Saiki Keio University Japan

B2: Cavities & Resonators Ultra-high-Q asymmetric microcavity optics and photonics Yun-Feng Xiao Schoolof Physics, Peking University China

113

Photonic Crystal supported surface electromagnetic waves and their use for ultrasensitive label-free biosensing and generation of long propagating surface plasmon- polaritons

Sergey Sekatskii LPMV EPFL Switzerland

176 Size dependent resonance of a sub-micron rectangular resonatorcoupled with a plasmonic waveguide

Shun Kamada Tokushima University Japan

266 High quality factor double Fabry-Perot plasmonic nanoresonator Baptiste Fix ONERA France

Monday oral sessions

Talks in more details (see nfo15 web site for abstracts) Monday oral sessions

SUB, ID TITLE AUTHOR FIRST NAME

AUTHOR LAST NAME

AUTHOR ORGANIZATION AUTHOR COUNTRY

A3: New theoretical approaches in nano-optics Quantum and Classical Phenomena in Plasmonic Nanostructures and Bio-Assemblies

Alexander Govorov Ohio University United States

242 Coupling of Molecular Emitters and Plasmonic Cavities beyond the Point-Dipole Approximation

Tomas Neuman Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC - UPV/EHU) Spain

243 First-principles computational simulation of optical response of a gold-thiolate nanoparticle

Kenji Iida Institute for Molecular Science Japan

206 Quasinormal-mode expansionof the scattering matrix of photonic systems Filippo Alpeggiani TU Delft Netherlands

409 Numerical computation of plasmonic resonances in dispersive media: Application to metallic gratings

Guillaume Demésy InstitutFresnel France

B3: Nano-optics & Infra-Red Creating and manipulating phonon polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride and boron nitride nanotubes

Gilbert Walker University of Toronto Canada

144 Polarization-sensitive near-field optical microscopyclose to mid-infrared phonon modes Susanne C. Kehr Technische Universität Dresden Germany

332 Plasmonic Tip Enhanced Raman scattering of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide R. H. Jiang Research Centerfor Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica Taiwan

244 Experimental observation of long range thermally excited surface waves from 3 to 12 µm Thomas Antoni Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris- Saclay, 3, rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette

France

146 Realization and control of Fano resonance in multilayer systems Shinji Hayashi Kobe University Japan

A4: Quantum optics & computing Decision Making by Classical and Quantum Light Makoto Naruse National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japan

161 Single photon sources for integrated quantum photonics based on organic molecules Pietro Lombardi CNR-INO; Lens Italy

22 Photon-pair production at the nanoscale with hybrid nonlinear/plasmonic antennas Guillaume Bachelier Institut Néel, CNRS - UGA France

131 Atomic-scale lightning rod effect in plasmonic nanoparticles: a classical view to a quantum effect

Mattin Urbieta Material Physics Center CFM - University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV - DIPC Spain

211 Single-Plasmon Nanocircuit Driven by a Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Klas Lindfors Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne Germany

395 Designing plasmonic eigenstates for optical signal transmission and logic gates nanodevices Erik Dujardin CEMES CNRS UPR 8011 France

B4: 2D materials I

Active control of exciton-polaritons in one- and two-dimensional systems Ritesh Agarwal University of Pennsylvania United States

205 Coupling multilayer and bulk transition metal dichalcogenides to optical cavities Denis Baranov Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

367 Nanoplasmonics of 2D Materials in Engineered Nanostructures Paulo André D. Gonçalves Technical University of Denmark Denmark

57 Extreme Mode Selectivity and Other Unexpected Effects in TERS Imaging of 2D Materials Andrey Krayev Horiba Scientific United States

380 Phonon-assisted plasmon induced transparency and exciton plasmon coupling in 2D materials

Arup Neogi University of North Texas United States

350 Light-trapping in two-dimensional semiconductors Evgeniya Sheremet Tomsk Polytechnic University Russia

Tuning the optical properties of Photosystem I with subwavelength microcavities and plasmonic

nanoparticles M. Brecht1,2

1 Universität Tübingen, IPTC und Lisa + Center, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany

2 Hochschule Reutlingen, Angewandte Chemie, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany

In my talk I will show low temperature single-molecule fluorescence experiments on Photosystem I (PS I). The emission spectra of single PS I complexes are a result of several contributions and not only of one lowest trap [1,2]. At low temperature (1.4 K) changes of the fluorescence emission during time are still observed like line hopping or line broadening. Those effects are due to small conformational changes, e.g. proton fluctuations, within the binding site of the pigments (spectral diffusion) [2]. If the spectral diffusion rate is low, narrow emission lines, so called zero-phonon lines (ZPL), can be observed in the emission spectra. Then, the polarisation and electron-phonon coupling of these emitters can be determined with high precision.

In addition, we try to control the fluorescence and energy transfer properties of PS I with optical subwavelength microcavities or plasmonic nanoparticles [3,4,5]. The mode structure around PS I affects the energy transfer properties and, as a consequence, the fluorescence emission. This effect allows us to selectively enhance or suppress energy transfer pathways. We are able to show how the excitation transfer within PS I is affected by external fields. The ability to control the energy transfer within such efficient energy converters like PS I enables us to predict the efficiency of PS I if they are close to plasmonic structures. Such hybrid systems were proposed to enhance PS I function in bio-solar applications [6].

References, [1] M. Brecht, V. Radics, J. Nieder, R. Bittl, PNAS (2009) 106, 11857-11861 [2] M. Brecht, H. Studier, V. Radics, R. Bittl, JACS (2008) 130, 17487-17493 [3] A. Konrad, A-L. Trost, S. Skandary, M. Hussels, AJ. Meixner, NV. Karapetyan, M. Brecht, PCCP, (2014), 16,6175-6181 [4] J. Nieder, R. Bittl, M. Brecht, Angewandte Chemie Int.-Ed. (2010) 52, 10415-10418 [5] I. Ashraf, A. Konrad, H. Lokstein, S. Skandary, M. Metzger, J. Djouda, T. Maurer, PM. Adam, AJ Meixner, M. Brecht, Nanoscale (2017), 9, 4196-4204 [6] I. Carmelli, I. Liebermann, L. Kravesrsky, Z. Fan, A.O. Govorov, G. Markovich, S. Richter, Nano Lett. (2010) 10, 2069-2047

A1: Biophotonics Monday oral session

Monday oral session 1

Plasmonic nano-imaging of intracellular dynamics and molecular distribution in a living cell

Satoshi Kawata Osaka University and Serendip Research, Japan

[email protected]

Three-dimensional Raman imaging of molecular distribution in a living cell without labeling or slicing the sample has been a dream of bio-scientists [1]. We have made it possible with use of a plasmonic nanoparticle which explores inside a cell for detecting intracellular molecules based on SERS mechanism [2, 2]. This can be considered as a 3D version of plasmonic tip-enhanced Raman microscopy [4, 5], but the tip (as a 50nm particle) is free in a cell. Rather than controlling the nanoparticle motion with a laser trapping technology [6, 7], the motion is governed by the cell function. Simultaneous tracking of particle motion provides us a molecular map of organelle transport and lysosomal accumulation. Intracellular environment e.g. pH is also mapped by a surface-functionalized particle [8]. Spatial resolution of this microscope is ~ 65nm (the particle size) and temporal resolution ~50ms. In the presentation, movies of particle motion and a molecular map in a cell will be shown with many other results.

1. S. Kawata, et. al., Chem. Rev. 117, 4983 (2017)2. J. Ando, K. Fujita, N. Smith, S. Kawata, Nano Lett. 11, 5344 (2011)3. K.-C. Huang, et. al., Methods 68, 348 (2014)4. Y. Inouye and S. Kawata, Opt. Lett. B, 159 (1994)5. S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, P. Verma, Nat. Photon. 31, 388 (2009)6. S. Kawata, Y. Inouye, T. Sugiura. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33, 1725 (1994)7. T. Sugiura, et. al., Opt. Lett. 22, 1663 (1997)8. K. Bando, et. al, submitted



Effects of the liquid flow on the interactions between gold

nanoparticles and lipid membranes Céline Molinaro*, Francesca Cecchet

Lasers and Spectroscopies Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM), NAmur

Research Institute for LIfe Science (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), Belgium *[email protected]

Studying the first contacts of nanoparticles (NPs) with cell membranes is a prerequisite for identifying

the best physicochemical parameters that NPs shall own to pass through the cell membrane. These

information are crucial either for improving drug delivery system or for understanding cytotoxicity

mechanisms. Our study aims to characterize the first nano-interactions between nanoparticles and cell

membranes. These nano-bio-interfaces are most often probed in static conditions [1]. However, in

living system water is in motion. Physicochemical properties and biological processes can depend on

the flow parameters. Here, in order to mimic the dynamic conditions of the physiological

environment, we investigated the NPs/membrane interface upon a water flow.

We modelled the cell membrane with a solid-supported lipid bilayer of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-

phosphocholine (DPPC) on SiO2. We investigated the interactions with positively charged 5 nm gold

NPs for different flow rates, between 130 µL/min to 20 mL/min.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental set-up to probe the nano-bio-interface upon a water flow using SFG spectroscopy.

The nano-interface was investigated with Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy. To

generate SFG responses, two pulsed incident beams, a tunable infrared (IR) beam (3700 cm-1 to 2800

cm-1) and a visible beam (532 nm), are superimposed, spatially and temporally, in total internal

reflection through a SiO2 prism (Figure 1). This technique, based on a second order nonlinear optical

process and therefore intrinsically sensitive to interfaces, provides information of few nanometers

thick interfacial systems, with a molecular resolution. By detecting the vibrational SFG signature of

the lipid bilayer and of the organized interfacial water close to it, we probed the effects of the liquid

flow on the nano-bio-interface.

The effects of a water flow on a solid surface were already described [2] and reproduced in the case of

a SiO2 prism with our experimental set-up. The flow clearly affects the kinetics of NPs’ interaction

with the membrane model. Experiments with membrane models, which better reproduce the liquid-

like phase of living membranes, are currently underway, in order to establish the role of the

membrane structure on the interaction kinetics under flow.

[1] X. Toledo-Fuentes, D. Lis, and F. Cecchet, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 120, 21399-21409 (2016).

[2] D. Lis, E. Backus, J. Hunger, S. Parekh, and M.Bonn, Science, 334, 1138-1142 (2014).



Planar plasmonic antenna arrays resolve transient

nanoscopic heterogeneities in biological membranes

Pamina M. Winkler1*, Raju Regmi2, Valentin Flauraud3, Hervé Rigneault2, Jürgen

Brugger3, Jérôme Wenger2, María F. García-Parajo1,4

1 ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology,

08860 Barcelona, Spain 2 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Fresnel, Centrale Marseille, France

3 Microsystems Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland 4 ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain

*[email protected]

Resolving the various interactions of lipids and proteins in the eukaryotic plasma membrane

with high spatiotemporal resolution is of upmost interest [1]. Here, we present planar

plasmonic antenna arrays with different nanogap sizes (10-45 nm) combined with

fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to resolve dynamic nanoscopic heterogeneities

in mimetic and living plasma membranes. Our innovative approach confines the excitation

light within the fully accessible planarized hotspot region of the nanoantennas yielding giant

fluorescence enhancement factors of up to 104-105 times together with nanoscale detection

volumes in the 20 zeptoliter range [2]. We exploit these planar nanoantenna arrays to

investigate the dynamics of individual fluorescently labelled lipids in membrane regions as

small as 10 nm in size with microsecond time resolution.

The existence of nanoscale assemblies of sterol and sphingolipids on mimetic as well as on

living cell membranes has been questioned due to their highly transient and nanoscopic

character. Our results on model lipid membranes reveal the coexistence of transient

nanoscopic domains in both microscopically phase-separated regions with characteristic

sizes < 10nm and lifetimes between 30 µs to 150 µs [3]. Using fluorescence burst analysis

and FCS we show that in the living plasma membrane sphingolipids are transiently trapped

in cholesterol-enriched nanoassemblies with short characteristic times of ~100 µs. Depletion

of cholesterol freed the trapped diffusion, consistent with the disappearance of

nanodomains.

Thus, our work underscores the uniqueness of planar plasmonic nanoantennas to interrogate

the nanoscale heterogeneity of native biological membranes with unprecedented

spatiotemporal resolution.

[1] D. Lingwood, K. Simons, Science 327, 46 (2010). [2] Flauraud, V. et al., Nano Lett. 17, 1703−1710 (2017) [3] Winkler, P. et al., ACS Nano 11, 7241–7250 (2017) [4] Regmi, R. et al., Nano Lett. 17, 6295–6302 (2017)



Nanoscopy of Cell Membranes and the Nuclear Lamina Edite Figueiras1, Oscar F. Silvestre 1, Teemu O. Ihalainen2 and Jana B. Nieder1*

1 Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga s/n, 715-330 Braga, Portugal

2 BioMediTech, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland

*[email protected]

We use Metal Induced Energy Transfer–Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (MIET-FLIM) nanoscopy [1] for functional cell biology research. Thin metal substrates can be used to obtain axial super resolution via nanoscale distance-dependent MIET from fluorescent dyes towards nearby metal layer, thereby creating fluorescence lifetime contrast between dyes located at different nanoscale distance from the metal. This can be used to measure axially super resolved microscopy images, known as the MIET-FLIM super resolution microscopy, or simply nanoscopy.

Suitability for our gold substrates for nanoscopy is first demonstrated using nanopatterned substrates, and furthermore we apply the fluorescence based technique to characterize the distance distribution of the epithelial basal membrane of a cell from the gold substrate (see Figure 1).

We study the nuclear lamina and identify differences in the variation of distances of antibody-labeled Lamin B1 proteins across the basal side of the nucleus which is significantly smaller than the range of distances and extended curvatures visible for the Lamin A/C proteins. The observed heterogeneity in the lamin protein layers suggests that B- and A/C-type lamins form partially distinct networks in the nuclear lamina. This provides more detailed insight to the different roles of lamin proteins in chromatin tethering and nuclear mechanics.

Figure 1: Nanoscopy image of a cell membrane.

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the CCDR-N as part of the project “Nanotechnology based functional solutions” (grant no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000019). Edite Figueiras received a Marie Curie fellowship via the EU-EC COFUND program “NanoTRAINforGrowth” (grant no. 600375).

[1] Chizhik, A. I., Rother, J., Gregor, I., Janshoff, A. & Enderlein, J. Nat. Photonics 8, 124–127 (2014).



Ultra-broadband Nano-spectroscopy with a Laser-driven Plasma Source

Martin Wagner1 and Xiaoji Xu2

1． Bruker Nano, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States

2． Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015,

United States

Email: [email protected]

Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) enables infrared spectroscopy at 10-20

nm spatial resolution through elastic light scattering. Coupled with an infrared light source, s-SNOM

characterizes chemical compositions or probes nanoscale photonic phenomena on length scales two orders

of magnitude below the diffraction limit. However, widespread use of s-SNOM as an analytical standard

tool has been restrained to a large extent by the lack of a bright and affordable broadband light source. Here

we present a turnkey thermal emitter based on a laser-driven plasma that offers incoherent radiation of a

broader bandwidth (>1000 wavenumber) and ~40-fold higher brilliance than previous blackbody radiators

(Figure 1a-b). In addition, this plasma source has a compact size and at a fraction of the cost of alternative

coherent laser systems or synchrotrons. We demonstrate a nearly one order of magnitude increase in signal-

to-noise in near-field spectra compared to existing incoherent emitters, which allows probing of not only

inorganic materials and polaritonic systems, but also various commonly-used polymers of PMMA and PVP

(Figure 1c-d) despite their weak near-field optical response. The latter important representative of soft matter

was previously inaccessible by table-top thermal radiators. s-SNOM combined with the laser-driven

plasma shall provide a widely accessible platform for infrared nano-spectroscopy.(1)

Figure 1. (a) Schematic concept of the laser-driven plasma source. The inset shows the spectrum collected

from a boron nitride nanotube. (b) The broadband width of the laser-driven plasma source. (c-d) Nano-FTIR

spectra from PMMA and PVP with the laser-driven plasma source.

Reference

1. Wagner M, Jakob DS, Horne S, Mittel H, Osechinskiy S, Phillips C, et al. Ultra-broadband Nano-

spectroscopy with a Laser-driven Plasma Source. ACS Photonics. 2018 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01484.

B1: Imaging & Spectroscopy Monday oral session


Far-infrared nano-spectroscopy of plasmons

and phase-change materials Hans A. Bechtel

1*, Omar Khatib

2, Stephanie N. Gilbert Corder

3, Mengkun Liu

3,

Markus B. Raschke2, G. Lawrence Carr

4, and Michael C. Martin

1*

1Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA

2Departments of Chemistry, Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA

3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA

4National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA

*[email protected], [email protected]

When combined with scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM), the broad bandwidth and

brightness of synchrotron infrared light enables vibrational spectroscopy spanning the entire mid-and

far-infrared regions with < 20 nm spatial resolution [1,2]. The Advanced Light Source (ALS) at

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory operates two infrared beamlines with Synchrotron Infrared

Nano-Spectroscopy (SINS) instruments that are freely available to users, who have broadly applied

the technique to a variety of soft and hard matter systems with applications to chemistry, biology, and

materials science [1-6]. By using a fast and sensitive custom-modified detector (Ge:Cu), we have

extended the wavelength range to a detector-limited lower limit of 320 cm-1

(31 µm), exceeding

conventional limits towards lower energies by an octave. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of the

technique by investigating the tunable plasmon response in a gated graphene device and examining

phonon modes in phase-change materials, such as VO2 and SmS.

Continued detector development will further extend the range of FIR SINS to ultimately bridge the

energy gap with available THz s-SNOM sources, yet in a single nano-spectroscopy instrument. This

work highlights the continued advantage of synchrotron radiation as an ultrabroadband coherent light

source for near-field nano-spectroscopy, especially in the long wavelength regime where alternative

low-noise, broadband, quasi-cw laser sources are not readily available.

Figure 1. (A) Experimental schematic of the SINS instrument at the ALS. (B) s-SNOM phase spectra of a gated

graphene device (blue) on an SiO2 substrate (black).

This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source, which is a DOE Office of Science User

Facility supported under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231.

[1] H.A. Bechtel, E.A. Muller, R.L. Olmon, M.C. Martin, M.B. Raschke, PNAS 111, 7191–7196 (2014).

[2] O. Khatib, H.A. Bechtel, M.C. Martin, M.A. Raschke, G.L. Carr, Under Review (2018).

[3] E. A. Muller, B. Pollard, H. A. Bechtel, P. van Blerkom, M. B. Raschke. Science Advances, 2 (10), e1601006 (2016).

[4] C. Y. Wu, W. J. Wolf, Y. Levartovsky, H. A. Bechtel, M. C. Martin, F. D. Toste, Nature, 541 (7638), 511 (2017).

[5] S. N. Gilbert Corder, et al. Nature Communications, 8, 2262 (2017).

[6] S. N. Gilbert Corder, et al. Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication), 96, 161110(R) (2017).



nano-FTIR correlation nanoscopy

for organic and inorganic material analysis Philip Schäfer1 and Andreas. J. Huber1*

1 neaspec GmbH, Germany *[email protected]

Scattering-type Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (s-SNOM) is a scanning probe approach to

optical microscopy and spectroscopy bypassing the ubiquitous diffraction limit of light to achieve a

spatial resolution below 20 nanometers. s-SNOM employs the strong confinement of light at the apex

of a sharp metallic AFM tip to create a nanoscale optical hot-spot. Analyzing the scattered light from

the tip enables the extraction of the optical properties (dielectric function) of the sample directly

below the tip and yields nanoscale resolved images simultaneous to topography [1]. In addition, the

technology has been advanced to enable Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy on the nanoscale

(nano-FTIR) [2] using broadband radiation from the visible spectral range to THz frequencies.

Recently, the combined analysis of complex nanoscale material systems by correlating near-field

optical data with information obtained by other SPM-based measurement methodologies has gained

significant interest. For example, the material-characteristic nano-FTIR spectra of a phase-separated

PS/LDPE polymer blend verifies sharp material interfaces by measuring a lineprofile across a ca. 1µm

sized LDPE island (Fig1). Near-field reflection/absorption imaging at 1500cm-1 of the ca. 50nm thin

film allows to selectively highlight the distribution of PS in the blend and simultaneously map the

mechanical properties like adhesion of the different materials [3,4].

Fig 1. Near-field correlation nanoscopy of a thin PS/LDPE polymer film, highlighting the phase separation of

the materials by nano-FTIR measurements as well as the different mechanical properties of the polymers.

Further, results will be presented that correlate the near-field optical response of semiconducting

samples like Graphene (2D) or functional SRAM devices (3D) in different frequency ranges (mid-IR

& THz) to Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) measurements. Thus, neaspec s-SNOM systems

represent an ideal platform to characterize complex material systems by different near-field and

AFM-based methods at the nanoscale.

[1] F. Keilmann, R. Hillenbrand, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 362, 787 (2004).

[2] F. Huth, et al., Nano Lett. 12, 3973 (2012).

[3] B. Pollard, et al., Beilstein J. of Nanotechn. 7, 605 (2016).

[4] I. Amenabar, et al., Nature Commun. 8, 14402 (2017).



All-electronic THz nanoscopy Fritz Keilmann

Fakultät für Physik & Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany

[email protected]

Exotic materials such as unconventional superconductors or organic conductors are of high current interest. In principle, their conductivity can be probed at

Phase imaging of surface plasmon polaritons using Spatial light modulator

Dvořák P.1,2, Kvapil M.1,2, Bouchal P.1,2, Édes Z.1,2, Šamořil T.1,2, Hrtoň M.1,2 , Ligmajer F. 1,2, Křápek V. 1,2, and Šikola T.1,2 *

1 CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic 2 Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno,

Czech Republic

*[email protected]

We present a novel experimental method of plasmonic phase-shifting digital holography (PPDH) and demonstrate its potential for pure-near-field measurements of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) phase distribution (see Figure 1). The core of the proposed method is an on-chip interferometer which works with co-propagating or counter-propagating SPPs representing the analogy of signal and reference wave. The SPPs and consequently their interference patterns can be controlled by a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) implemented in the far-field illumination path of an optical setup equipped with an aperture-type Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (a-SNOM) for SPP detection (collection mode).[1] In this way, phase-controlled excitation of SPPs can be studied. By adopting the principles of the successful method of phase-shifting holography, we generate four slightly modified SPP interference patterns, allowing the numerical reconstruction of the SPP phase distribution in the pattern.[2] These four interference patterns differ in the mutual phase shifts between the individual SPPs (set by the SLM). Since all information is collected in the near-field, our method provides a purely near-field measurement and it advantageously avoids the use of a far-field interferometer. Applying the SLM, this method can be directly used in a variety of techniques capable of near-field imaging such as SNOM [3], PEEM (photon emission electron microscopy), PSTM (photon scanning tunneling microscopy), etc.. The practical applicability of the method is demonstrated by phase-controlled excitation of SPPs that allows the shaping of interference patterns and the subsequent numerical reconstruction of phase differences between the interfering SPPs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability of our method by imaging the phase of a non-divergent SPP wave excited by a V-shaped slit structure, which interferes with the excitation light passing through the sample.

[1] P. Dvořák, T. Neuman, L. Břínek, T. Šamořil, R. Kalousek, P. Dub, P. Varga and T. Šikola, Nano Letters 13, 2558-2563 (2013).

[2] I. Yamaguchi and T. Zhang, Optics Letters 22, 1268-1271 (1997).

[3] P. Dvořák, Z. Édes, M. Kvapil, T. Šamořil, F. Ligmajer, M. Hrtoň, R. Kalousek, V. Křápek, P. Dub, J. Spousta, P. Varga and T. Šikola, Optics Express 25, 16560-16573 (2017).

Figure 1. (left) Scheme of experimental setup. (right) 2D distribution of SPP phase measured by our new method.



Plasmon-induced water splitting promoted by strong coupling between nanocavity and localized surface plasmon modes

Hiroaki Misawa1,2*

1 Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 2 Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

*[email protected]

Metallic nanoparticles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) shows light absorption and scattering at the arbitrary wavelength of visible and near-infrared regions based on localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). LSPRs which are collective oscillations of conduction electrons give rise to the enhancement of near-field and are expected as a light harvesting optical antenna for light energy conversion devices due to their spectrum tunability. We have successfully developed the plasmon-induced artificial photosynthesis systems such as water splitting and ammonia synthesis systems as well as solid-state plasmonic solar cells based on the principle of plasmon-induced charge separation between gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) and the semiconductor photoelectrode.[1]-[6] Recently, the plasmon-induced charge separation has received considerable attention as a novel strategy for the solar energy conversion.[7],[8] However, for the monolayer of Au-NPs on the semiconductor in the regular Au-NPs loaded semiconductor photoelectrode, the insufficient absorption limited its solar energy conversion efficiency. Aiming at the enhancement of light absorption, in the present study, we apply the principle of strong coupling to plasmonic water splitting using Au-NPs/titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin-film/Au-film photoelectrode. Strong coupling between the Fabry–Pérot nanocavity mode of TiO2 thin-film/Au-film and LSPR mode of Au-NPs is induced when both bands of these two modes overlap each other. A key feature of this strong coupling is partially inlaying of Au-NPs into the TiO2 nanocavity by several nanometers to increase the coupling strength. From the absorption spectrum of Au-NPs/TiO2 thin-film/Au-film structure, it was shown that the absorption spectrum was divided into two bands due to the formation of hybrid modes and more than 98% of photons were absorbed at the maximum wavelengths of the hybrid modes. A dispersion curve obtained by the protting the splitted energy to the cavity resonant wavenumber indicates an anti-crossing behavior which is characteristics to the strong coupling. Photocurrent was measured using a three-electrode system with a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode, a Pt wire as a counter electrode and this Au-NPs/ TiO2 thin-film/Au-film photoelectrode as a working electrode in an aqueous electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH). pH value was controlled by the concentration of KOH as 10.8. We found that the incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) action spectrum exhibited two bands, which almost corresponds to the absorption spectrum. Most importantly, in this strong coupling system, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the photocurrent generation is also enhanced at the strong coupling wavelengths. We also explored the plasmon-induced water splitting under strong coupling conditions using a two-electrode system, and a stochiometric evolution of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) has been successfully obtained. The action spectrum of H2 evolution almost corresponds to its absorption spectrum. We concluded that the strong coupling between the Fabry–Pérot nanocavity mode of TiO2 thin-film/Au-film and LSPR mode of Au-NPs promoted the plasmon-induced water splitting.

[1] Y. Nishijima, K. Ueno, H. Misawa et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2031 (2010). [2] Y. Zhong, K. Ueno, Y. Mori, X. Shi, T. Oshikiri, K. Murakoshi, H. Inoue, H. Misawa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 10350 (2014). [3] T. Oshikiri, K. Ueno, H. Misawa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 9802 (2014). [4] T. Oshikiri, K. Ueno, H. Misawa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 3942 (2016). [5] K. Nakamura, T. Oshikiri, K. Ueno, H. Misawa et al. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 1004 (2016). [6] C. V. Hoang, K. Hayashi, K. Ueno, H. Misawa et al. Nat. Commun. 8, 771 (2017). [7] K. Ueno, T. Oshikiri, H. Misawa, ChemPhysChem 17, 199 (2016). [8] K. Ueno, T. Oshikiri, Q. Sun, X. Shi, H. Misawa, Chem. Rev. 118, 2955 (2018).

Invited A2: Nano-Optics & Photochemistry Monday oral session


Energy propagation in plasmonic photosynthetic nanostructures K. Wiwatowski

1*, P. Podlas

1, K. Sulowska

1, D. Piątkowski

1, S. Maćkowski

1,2

1 Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland 2 Baltic Institute of Technology, Gdynia, Poland

*[email protected]

Hybrid nanostructures containing plasmonically active metallic nanoparticles exhibit many

effects interesting from both fundamental and application perspectives [1], [2]. For instance, silver

nanowires (NW) with submicron diameters and lengths of about tens of microns can act as energy

propagators, by employing surface plasmons polaritons (SPP). This quasiparticles can not only

propagate along a metal-dielectric interface for distances extending tens of microns, but also can

remotely activate luminescence of emitters located in the closest vicinity of the NW [3].

In this work we investigated energy propagation in a nanostructure consisting of silver NWs

and Peridinin-Chlorophyll-Protein (PCP), a natural, which absorbs light from 350 to 660 nm, thus

overlapping with the plasmon resonance of silver NWs [4]. For this purpose we constructed a two-

objective confocal fluorescence microscope (Fig. 1), where the top one is used for excitation of SPPs

in a NW, while the detection of fluorescence is facilitated with the second one. The experimental

setup allows for probing both stationary and time-resolved fluorescence of the photosynthetic

emitters.

The results obtained for structure where NWs and PCP complexes were directly mixed, show

that luminescence signal can propagate in silver nanowires for distances longer than 10 µm. Further

details regarding remote activation of emission for proteins attached specifically to the nanowires, in

particular its dependence on the excitation wavelength and propagation distance have been elucidated.

Figure 1. The schematic of two-objectives confocal microscope and the idea of the experiment.

Research was supported by DEC-2013/10/E/ST3/00034 and 2016/21/B/ST3/02276 projects from

the National Science Center and by the project 3/DOT/2016 funded by the City of Gdynia, Poland.

[1] S. Maćkowski. et al., Nano Letters 8, 558-564 (2008).

[2] D. Piatkowski, N. Hartmann, T. Macabelli, M. Nyk, S. Mackowski, and A. Hartschuh, Nanoscale 7, 1479-1484 (2015).

[3] N. Hartmann, D. Piątkowski, R. Ciesielski, S. Maćkowski, and A. Hartschuh, ACS Nano 7, 10257-10262 (2013).

[4] I. Kamińska, K. Wiwatowski, and S. Maćkowski, RSC Advances 6, 102791-102796 (2016)

A2: Nano-Optics & Photochemistry Monday oral session


Electrochemical Imaging of Near-Field-Enhanced Photoanodic Water Oxidation

X. Zhou1*, Z. T. Gossage1, B. H. Simpson1, J. Hui1, Z. B. Barton1, and J. Rodriguez-Lopez1*

1 Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States

*[email protected]@illinois.edu

Aluminum has attracted much attention from near-field optics community in the last five years not only because this material is abundant, but also because it exhibits plasmonic behavior across a wide spectrum from the UV to the near-infrared.1,2 The wide plasmonic tunability allows Al nanostructures to benefit more from the solar spectrum than other metals such as Au and Ag for plasmon-enhanced photo-assisted electrochemical water oxidation. However, the chemical instability of Al, namely, the dissolution at extreme PH conditions, renders it unable to be coupled to a semiconducting photoanode. In this work, we report the water oxidation on a TiO2 thin film that was enhanced by the plasmonic near-field of sublayer aluminum nanoparticle patterns under UV-visible light. The TiO2 film was utilized as both photoanode and protective layer for Al. In addition to conventional bulk electrode measurements on the activity of semiconducting photoanodes,3,4 we directly visualized the enhancements by mapping the oxygen evolution rates on TiO2-coated Al nanodimer arrays using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), as shown in Fig. 1. This study suggested a new route for Al plasmonics applied to photoelectrochemistry.

Fig. 1: (a) Schematic of mapping of water oxidation with scanning electrochemical microscope. (b) Scanning electron microscope image on an Al nanodimer (ALND) array. (c, d) SECM oxygen mapping on a TiO2-coated Al nanodimer pattern (c) with longitudinal polarized incident light and (d) in dark.

References 1. M. W. Knight, N. S. King, L. Liu, H. O. Everitt, P. Nordlander, and N. J. Halas. ACS Nano 8, 834-841(2014). 2. J. Martin, M. Kociak, Z. Mahfoud, J. Proust, D. Gérard, J. Plain. Nano Lett. 14, 5517-5523 (2014).3. E. Thimsen, F. Le Formal, M. Gratzel, and S. C. Warren. Nano Lett. 11, 35-43 (2011).4. Z. Liu, W. Hou, P. Pavaskar, M. Aykol, and S. B. Cronin. Nano Lett. 11, 1111-1116 (2011).



Nano-optical implementation of swarm intelligence B. Nakayama1, R. Soma1, E. Yamamoto1, M. Kuwahara2 and T. Saiki1*

1Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan 2The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan

*[email protected]

In the conventional computing paradigm based on the von Neumann architecture, a tremendous amount of data is transferred between memory and processor and the program operates on the data in a step-by-step fashion, which imposes a bottleneck in the speed and scalability of the architecture. A new paradigm beyond the von Neumann architecture is needed to address the problem fundamentally. The most promising approaches include implementation of swarm intelligence algorithm, like ant colony, to solve optimization problems. In order to implement natural computing algorithm into some physical systems, phase change materials (PCMs) are advantageous as a key platform due to its plasticity and threshold behavior (nonlinearity), which provide memory and processing functionalities, respectively. Based on the idea, we proposed an idea to implement an algorithm for Ising spin glass problem to the system of coupled plasmon particles interacting with PCM [1].

In this study, we attempt to implement ant pheromone algorithm. Ant colony optimization is a problem to find the shortest path between their nest and food using pheromone trails. Ants emit pheromone on the ground which works as a signal to attract other ants. If an ant follows the pheromone trail, it itself also emits more pheromone, thus emphasizing the trail. The more ants follow the trail, the pheromone deposition also increases (positive feedback). Pheromone strength decays over time due to the evapoartion resulting in much less pheromone on less popular paths (negative feedback).

In the experimental setup, as illustrated in Fig. 1(a), polystyerne beads (PBs) with a diameter of 500 nm suspended in water to mimic the behavior of ant colony. The PBs move around in Brownian motion on a PCM film, which is initially in the amorphous phase. Under uniform light irradiation (sub-nanosecond pulsed laser) over a wide area, the PCM just beneath the PBs is crystallized due to the near-field lens effect of PB. The crystalline trail, which is expected to work as the pheromone trail, absorbs more light and becomes more heated than the amorphous background and thus a convection flow is formed such as to attract other PBs towards the crystalline trail. Due to the electrostatic interaction between the PB and PCM in the crystalline phase, the PBs track the crystalline trail. By providing larger fluence pulses, the crystalline trail is amorphized, which is equivalent to the evaporation of pheromone. Figure 1(b) is a snapshot from a video showing PBs being attracted to the crystalline trail, enhancing and tracking the trail.

Figure 1. (a) Mimicking an ant colony using PBs as agents walking on a GST ground surface. (b) Snapshot from a video showing PBs being attracted to the crystalline trail, enhancing and tracking the trail.

[1] T. Saiki, Applied Physics A 123, 577 (2017).



Ultra-high-Q asymmetric microcavity optics and photonics Yun-Feng Xiao*

School of Physics, Peking University, P. R. China E-mail: [email protected]; URL: www.phy.pku.edu.cn/~yfxiao/

Confinement and manipulation of photons using microcavities have triggered intense research interest in both fundamental and applied photonics for more than two decades. Prominent examples are ultrahigh-Q whispering gallery microcavities which confine photons by means of continuous total internal reflection along a curved and smooth surface. The long photon lifetime, strong field confinement, and in-plane emission characteristics make them promising candidates for enhancing light-matter interactions on a chip. Recently we developed a new type of on-chip whispering gallery microcavity which supports both highly asymmetric far-field patterns and ultra-high-Q factors exceeding 100 million. These microcavities not only offer highly directional emission desired for various important applications, but also hold great potential to test classical and quantum chaos because they behave like open billiard systems.

Finally, we introduce the concept of momentum transformation of light in ultrahigh-Q asymmetric microcavities. Assisted by chaotic motions, broadband light can travel between optical modes with different angular momenta within a few picoseconds. Efficient coupling from visible to near-infrared bands is demonstrated between a nanowaveguide and whispering gallery modes with quality factors exceeding 10 million. The observed broadband and fast momentum transformation could promote applications such as multicolor lasers, broadband memories, and multi-wavelength optical networks.

Reference 1. Xuefeng Jiang, Linbo Shao, Shu-Xin Zhang, Xu Yi, Jan Wiersig, Li Wang, Qihuang Gong, Marko Lončar, Lan Yang,

and Yun-Feng Xiao, “Chaos-assisted broadband momentum transformation in optical microresonators,” Science 358, 344 (2017).

2. Xue-Feng Jiang, Chang-Ling Zou, Li Wang, Qihuang Gong, and Yun-Feng Xiao, “Whispering-gallery microcavitieswith unidirectional laser emission,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 10, 40-61 (2016).

3. Yun-Feng Xiao, Xue-Feng Jiang, Qi-Fan Yang, Li Wang, Kebin Shi, Yan Li, and Qihuang Gong, “Tunneling-inducedtransparency in a chaotic microcavity,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 7, L51 (2013).

4. Xue-Feng Jiang, Yun-Feng Xiao, Chang-Ling Zou, Lina He, Chun-Hua Dong, Bei-Bei Li, Yan Li, Fang-Wen Sun, Lan Yang, and Qihuang Gong, “Highly unidirectional emission and ultralow-threshold lasing from on-chip ultrahigh-Q microcavities,” Advanced Materials 24, OP260 (2012).

5. H. Cao and J. Wiersig, “Dielectric microcavities: Model systems for wave chaos and non-Hermitian physics,” Rev. Mod.Phys. 87, 61 (2015).

Invited B2: Cavity & Resonator Monday oral session


Photonic Crystal supported surface electromagnetic waves and

their use for ultrasensitive label-free biosensing and generation of

long propagating surface plasmon - polaritons S. K. Sekatskii*

Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, IPHYS, BSP-408,

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland*[email protected]

We report our recent results in the field of Photonic Crystal (PC) - supported surface EM waves and

their applications. A specially designed PC has been constructed and then used to launch the surface

plasmon - polariton propagation along thin ferromagnetic cobalt layer. Unprecedently narrow (equal

to 0.020 thus corresponding to the surface plasmon propagation length exceeding 0.1 mm) for the field

magnetoplasmonic resonance (Transversal Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect) with 11% magnitude has

been recorded [1]. Note, that for bare cobalt layers, without a specially designed PC, here this would

be simply meaningless to speak about surface plasmon - polaritons, because the propagation length is

just of the order of the wavelength. In other experiment, quite stable in standard conditions structures,

supporting long propagating surface plasmon – polaritons and based on thin, 12.5 nm-thick, silver

nanofilm protected from the atmosphere by 20 nm - thick layer of ZnS (material, shown to be the

most suitable to ensure the high quality of a silver nanofilm) have been realized [2].

For biosensing, we used “bare” (no metal coating) PC – external medium (water) interface, specially

treated to chemisorb protein layers, for the study of kinetics of the interprotein interactions. Besides

quite large sensitivity, 0.2 pg/mm2, this approach has additional advantages due to the possibility to

excite simultaneously s- and p-polarized surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) having very different

penetration depths into an external medium. This enables to segregate surface and volume effects,

thus drastically increasing both the sensitivity and reliability of the data obtained. Another advantage

of our approach is the appearing possibility also to study interactions involving rather thick (of the

order of one micron) objects such as bacteria, viruses, and certain cell organells – option unattainable

for usual surface plasmon resonance-based detectors due to the short penetration depth of such

plasmon - polaritons.

We have developed a chitosan-based protocol of PC chip functionalization for bacterial attachment

and performed experiments on antibody binding to living E. coli bacteria measured in real time by the

PC SEW-based biosensor. Data analysis reveals specific binding and gives the value of the

dissociation constant for monoclonal antibodies IgG2b against bacterial lypo-polysaccharides equal to

KD = 6.2 3.4 nM [3]. To our knowledge, this is a first demonstration of antibody binding kinetics to

living bacteria by an optical biosensor. These results give important corrections to the numbers

obtained earlier in the studies on isolated bacterial membranes, what is very important e.g. for the

assessment of drag efficiency. They also pave the way for further sensor and other applications of

Photonic Crystal - supported surface waves, and the corresponding perspectives will be discussed.

[1] O. D. Ignatyeva,, G. A., Knyazev, P. O. Kapralov, G. Dietler, S. K. Sekatskii and V. I. Belotelov, Sci. Rep., 6, 28077

(2016).

[2] Sergey K. Sekatskii, Anton Smirnov, Giovanni Dietler, Mohammad Nur E Alam, Mikhail Vasiliev and Kamal Alameh,

Appl. Sci., 8, 248 (2018).

[3] E. Rostova, G. Dietler and S. K. Sekatskii, Biophys. J., 110, 518A (2016); Biosensors, 6, 52 (2016).

B2: Cavity & Resonator Monday oral session


Size dependent resonance of a sub-micron rectangular resonator

coupled with a plasmonic waveguide Shun Kamada

1*, Toshihiro Okamoto

1 and Masanobu Haraguchi

1

1 Tokushima University, Japan

*[email protected]

Plasmonic sensor devices based on plasmonic waveguides (PWGs) utilize the surface plasmon

polariton (SPP) phenomenon, enabling electromagnetic fields to be concentrated beyond the

diffraction limit with field enhancement [1]. We are working on plasmonic devices for integrated

optical circuits based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) PWGs. We proposed a MIM PWG with a

rectangular resonator for pressure and/or temperature sensor. Our rectangular resonator is sensitive to

modification of its shape and changing of the refractive index [2]. Compact sensores by the PWGs

have a potensial for high speed detection. Our device is available in dangerous places where fast

response is required. In this study, resonator size dependence of resonator mode was experimentally

demonstrated.

MIM PWG consisted of Ag/PMMA/Ag was fabricated on a glass substrate. Ag and PMMA films

were deposited by thermal evaporation and spin coating technique, respectively. The thickness of Ag

and PMMA films are 100 nm. Rectangular resonator is consisted of negative type electron beam resist

(NEB-22). The gap between PMMA of MIM PWG and NEB-22 of rectangular resonator was

sandwiched with 20 nm thickness of Ag film. The SPPs propagating in MIM PWG penetrates to the

rectangular resonator through the Ag film of 20 nm. In this study, the lenght L of the resonator was

varied from 500 nm to 540 nm in increment of 10 nm. Fig. 1 (a) shows a SEM image of cross section

of the fabricated our device. The thickness of PMMA film was 100nm. Also, the length and height of

rectangular resonator are 500 nm and 500 nm, respectively.

Transmission spectra of the our devices were evaluated by the confocal microspectroscopy method as

shown in Fig. 1 (b). In accordance with decreasing L, it was found that blue-shift of dip wavelength

occured. This blue-shift is qualitatively agreed with the simulation result shown in Fig. 1 (c). From

the electric field distribution of the Ez component inserted in the Fig. 1 (c), it was found that the

standing wave mode corresponds to the length direction. The resonance wavelength shifts due to the

change in the length of the resonator, and we successfully detected a size change of 10 nm.

Figure 1. (a) Cross section SEM image of rectangular resonator on a plasmonic waveguide. Transmission

spectra of the rectangular resonator by (b) experimental and (c) FDTD simulation results.

[1] M. L. Brongersma and V. M. Shalaev, Science, 328, 440 (2010) .

[2] S. E. El-Zohary, A. Azzazi, H. Okamoto, T. Okamoto, M. Haraguchi, and M. A. Swillam, Journal of Nanophotonics 7,

073077(2013).

L=500nm

Ag

PMMA

NEB-22

Glass substrate

x

z

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1Wavelength(m)

Tran

smis

sion

(a.u

.)

Height=500nmLength=540nm530nm520nm510nm500nm

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

540nm530nm520nm510nm500nm

3,5,9,10,13

Ligh

t int

ensi

ty

Wavelength(m)

L=540nm

L=530nm

L=520nm

L=510nm

L=500nm

L=540nm

L=530nm

L=520nm

L=510nm

L=500nm

(a) (b) (c)

500nm

500nm



High quality factor double Fabry-Perot plasmonic nanoresonator Baptiste Fix

1, Julien Jaeck

*1, Patrick Bouchon

1, Sébastien Héron

1, Benjamin Vest

1 and

Riad Haïdar 1,2

1 DOTA,ONERA,Université Paris Saclay F-91123 Palaiseau - France

2 Ecole Polytechnique, Département de Physique, 91128 Palaiseau, France,

*[email protected]

Fabry-Perot (FP) like resonances have been widely described in nanoantennas. In the original FP

resonator, a third mirror can be added, resulting in a multimirror interferometer. However, in the case

of a combination of nanoantennas, it has been reported that each antenna behaves independently [1].

Here, we evidence the interferences between two detuned reflective FP nanoantennas through a

common mirror, which has a strong impact on the optical behavior. While the resonance wavelength

is only slightly shifted, the level of reflectivity decreases to nearly 0%. [2]

Figure (a). Comparison between the reflectivity of two loosely-coupled single-nanogroove resonators and the

reflectivity of a critically coupled resonator composed of the two aforementioned cavities. The geometrical

parameters of the cavities, described in the insets, are d=1 µm, w=0.3 µm, h1=0.62 µm, h2=0.55 µm.

Figure (b). Evolution of the quality factors of a single-groove resonator and of double-groove resonator with

regard to the grooves width.

We study a periodic double-groove resonator whose period contains two grooves of different

heights. While the reflectivity of the periodic single-groove resonators does not go below 85%, the

resonance of the double-groove presents a zero of reflectivity and a quality factor of 50 (See Figure

(a)). Moreover, the quality can be chosen by geometric design over a range from 11 to 80 (See Figure

(b)).

We demonstrate thanks to a simple analytical model that this coupling can be ascribed to a

double FP cavity resonance, with the unique feature that the cavities are coupled to one another

through a common mirror.

The description of the double-groove resonator paves the way to the manipulation and the

engineering of the equivalent mirror coupling the two nanocavities, in order to reach multimirror

interferences predictions. This structure is also very promising for practical applications of the

nanogroove system, as it relaxes the technological constraints on the groove (wider aperture, lower

aspect ratio).

The authors acknowledge the financial support from a DGA-MRIS scholarship.

[1] C. Koechlin, P. Bouchon, F. Pardo, J.-L. Pelouard, and R. Hadar, Opt. Express 21, 7025 (2013).

[2] B. Fix, J. Jaeck, P. Bouchon, S. Héron, B. Vest, and R. Haïdar, Opt. Lett. 42, 5062-5065 (2017)



Quantum and Classical Phenomena in Plasmonic Nanostructures and Bio-Assemblies

Alexander O. Govorov and Lucas V. Besteiro

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701 [email protected]

Metal nanocrystals and semiconductor quantum dots have the ability to absorb and scatter light

very efficiently. This study concerns special designs of hybrid nanostructures with

electromagnetic hot spots, where the electromagnetic field becomes strongly enhanced and

concentrated. Overall, plasmonic nanostructures with hot spots demonstrate strongly amplified

optical and energy-related effects.

(1) Using nanoparticle arrays made of different metals, one can transfer plasmonic signals

coherently and with small losses [1].

(2) Plasmonic hot spots efficiently generate energetic electrons, which can be used for

photochemistry and photodetection [2,3].

(3) Nanostructures with hot spots can strongly enhance the optical generation of heat, and

also confine high photo-temperatures in small volumes [4,5,6].

(4) Colloidal nanocrystal assemblies and metasurfaces with plasmon resonances allow us to

strongly enhance chiral optical responses (circular dichroism) of biomolecules and drugs

[7,8,9].

[1] E.-M. Roller, et al., Nature Physics, 13, 761 (2017). [2] A.O. Govorov, H. Zhang, H.V. Demir and Y. K. Gun’ko, Nano Today 9, 85 (2014). [3] H. Harutyunyan, et al., Nature Nanotech. 10, 770 (2015). [4] A. O. Govorov and H. Richardson, Nano Today 2, 20 (2007). [5] C. Jack, et al., Nat. Commun. 7, 10946 (2016). [6] X.-T. Kong, et al., Nano Letters, DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05446 [7] A. O. Govorov, et al., Nano Letters 10, 1374–1382 (2010). [8] A. Kuzyk, et al., Nature 483, 311 (2012). [9] X.-T. Kong, et al., Nano Letters 17, 5099–5105 (2017).

plasmons, energy transfer, chirality, hot electrons, bio-assembly

Invited A3: New theoretical approaches in nano-optics Monday oral session


Coupling of Molecular Emitters and Plasmonic Cavities beyond

the Point-Dipole Approximation Tomas Neuman

1,2, Ruben Esteban

2,3, David Casanova

2,3, Francisco J. García-Vidal

4 and

Javier Aizpurua1,2*

1 CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU),Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain

2 DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain

3 IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao,

Spain 4 IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Spain

*[email protected]

In state-of-the-art plasmonic cavities the localization of electromagnetic fields reaches down to a

couple of nm3, which is a scale comparable to the size of molecular emitters placed inside them [1,2].

In such a situation, the approximation of the molecule as a structureless point-like dipole breaks

down. Here we address the coupling of localized cavity plasmons with a molecular exciton beyond

the point-dipole approximation. To that end we adopt a quantum chemical description of the

molecular electronic transitions that we combine with a quantum-optical model that describes the

quantized plasmonic fields. We calculate the spatially dependent coupling strength between the

plasmon and the molecular exciton [3-5], revealing that the spatial extent of the electronic transition

density of the molecular exciton plays a key role in determining the dynamics of the molecular

excited state interacting with the plasmonic cavity in both the weak (Purcell effect) and the strong-

(Rabi oscillations) coupling regimes [6]. The spatial dependence of the plasmon-exciton coupling

strength predicted by the model nicely reproduces experimental results in literature. Furthermore we

show that the extreme field localization in plasmonic cavities can lead to breaking of optical selection

rules, making the otherwise dark excitonic transitions in molecules accessible to light. Our findings

are thus of importance in nanoscale optical spectroscopy or for optical manipulation of chemical

properties of single molecules.

Figure 1. (Left) Calculated spatial map of the coupling strength, g, of a single ZnPc molecule in a plasmonic

cavity. (Right) Schematics of the plasmonic cavity geometry and orientation of the molecule.

[1] Benz, F. et al., Science, 354, 726-729 (2016),

[2] Andersen, M. L. et al., Nature Physics, 7(3), 215-218 (2011),

[3] Imada, H. et al., Physical Review Letters, 119, 013901 (2017),

[4] Zhang, Y. et al., Nature Communications, 8, 15225 (2017),

[5] Zhang, Y. et al., Nature, 498, 82-86 (2013),

[6] Neuman, T. et al., Nano Letters, (2018) doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b05297.

A3: New theoretical approaches in nano-optics Monday oral session


First-principles computational simulation of optical response of a

gold-thiolate nanoparticle Kenji Iida

*1, Masashi Noda

1, Katsuyuiki Nobusada

1

1Institure for Molecular Science, Japan

*[email protected]

Optical response of nanoparticles has been extensively investigated in both of the basic and applied

research fields. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is one of the representatives, and is

expected to be applied to various optical devices. As novel devices are precisely fabricated at the

nanometer or even atomic scale, the insights into the quantum effects on their functions become

crucially important. Thus, it is highly required to theoretically investigate the optical response on the

basis of quantum mechanics. In this context, our group has developed a first-principles computational

program for photoinduced electron dynamics named SALMON [1]. Because of its excellent parallel

efficiency, the program is highly suitable for massively parallel calculations and therefore allows us to

calculate the optical response of nanostructures. Using this program, we have successfully revealed

various optical responses, such as the LSPR of an Au1414 nanoparticle [2] and the photoabsoprion of a

gold-thiolate nanoparticle [3].

Figure 1(a) shows the induced electric field in an Au146 cluster irradiated by the x-polarized laser field

with the frequency of 2.4-eV. The induced field inside the cluster is in antiparallel (blue) with the

incident field, while that outside the cluster is in parallel (red) with the incident field. These electric

field distributions illustrate that a dipolar electric field is created. This is mainly because of the

collective oscillation of electrons due to the photoexcitation, and is reminiscent of LSPR.

We further shows, in Figure 1(b), the induced field in Au133(SPh-tBu)52 irradiated by the 2.5-eV laser

field. This system consists of a gold core and protecting thiolate ligands; thus, the interface between

them plays a crucial role in the optical response. As well as Au146, the dipolar field is also created in

Au133(SPh-tBu)52. However, differently from the induced field in Au146, the zero electric fields are

clearly found in the ligand shell (yellow dashed circles). This is attributed to the mutual enhancement

of electric polarizations induced in the gold core and the thiolate ligands. Because of the mutual

interaction, the photoexcitation is significantly enhanced [3]. Our first-principles computational

approach successfully reveals the emergence of the dipolar electric field in nanoparticles and its effect

in the interfacial region.

Figure 1. The imaginary part of the Fourier-transformed induced electric field along the direction of the laser

polarization: (a) a bare gold nanocluster and (b) a core-shell type gold-thiolate nanocluster. The laser is

polarized along the x-axis.

[1] http://salmon-tddft.jp; M. Noda, K. Ishimura, K. Nobusada, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 265, 145 (2014).

[2] K. Iida, M. Noda, and K. Ishimura, K. Nobusada, J. Phys. Chem. A 118, 11317 (2014).

[3] K. Iida, M. Noda, and K. Nobusada, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 2753 (2016).



Quasinormal-mode expansion

of the scattering matrix of photonic systems F. Alpeggiani

1,2*, N. Parappurath

2, E. Verhagen

2 and L. Kuipers

1,2

1 Department of Quantum Nanoscience and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft,

Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands 2 Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

*[email protected]

The scattering matrix, which relates the input and output states of light or particles undergoing a

scattering process, is an essential tool to quantitatively describe the properties of complex optical

systems. In particular, it enables the modelling and understanding of many photonic devices of current

interest, such as photonic metasurfaces [1] and nanostructured optical scatterers [2,3].

In this contribution, we show that the scattering matrix of a photonic system is completely determined

by its quasinormal modes [4], i.e., the self-sustaining electromagnetic excitations at a complex

frequency. Therefore, it should be possible to express the entire scattering matrix only in terms of the

complex eigenfrequencies and the far-field limit of the modal field. Here, we present a general and

first-principle method to do so [5], which overcomes the limitations of existing techniques. Our

approach is based on temporal coupled-mode theory [6,7]. It is directly applicable to an arbitrary

number of modes and input/output channels. An example of application to an asymmetric photonic

crystal structure is shown in Fig. 1. Additional examples illustrating the efficacy of the theory,

including plasmonic and, in general, dispersive systems, will be addressed in the contribution. Our

theory represents a powerful tool for calculating the highly structured spectra of resonant

nanophotonic systems, and, at the same time, a key for unraveling the physical mechanisms at the

heart of such intricate spectral structures.

Figure 1. Normal-incidence transmission spectrum of a patterned photonic crystal slab (see inset). The results from the

quasinormal-mode expansion of the scattering matrix (solid line) are compared with full-wave simulation data (dotted line).

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Marie Skłodowska-Curie individual

fellowship BISTRO-LIGHT (No. 748950), the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant

No. 340438-CONSTANS), and an industrial partnership program between Philips and NWO.

[1] M. Decker, et al., Adv. Opt. Mat. 3, 813 (2015).

[2] C. W. Hsu, et al., Nano Lett. 14, 2783 (2014).

[3] H. M. Doeleman, E. Verhagen, and A. F. Koenderink, ACS Photonics 3, 1943 (2016).

[4] F. Alpeggiani, N. Parappurath, E. Verhagen, and L. Kuipers, Phys. Rev. X 7, 021035 (2017). [5] C. Sauvan, J. P. Hugonin, I. S. Maksymov, and P. Lalanne, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 237401 (2013). [6] S. Fan, W. Suh, and J. D. Joannopoulos, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20, 569 (2003). [7] W. Suh, Z. Wang, and S. Fan, IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 40, 1511 (2004).



Numerical computation of plasmonic resonances in dispersive media:Application to metallic gratings

G. Demésy?,†, B. Gralak?, and A. Nicolet??Aix–Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France

†[email protected]

We present several methods for the direct computation of the resonances associated withelectromagnetic structures involving highly frequency dispersive permittivities, such as metalsand/or semi-conductors in the visible or infrared range of frequencies – this is a fundamentalproblem for plasmonic applications.

Computing the eigenfrequencies corresponding to source free solutions of an electromag-netic problem (e.g. the harmonic wave equation for the electric field E) is a spectral problem.In presence of materials with flat dispersion, the discretization of such problems using the Fi-nite Element Method (FEM) in the harmonic case classically leads to linear (matrix) eigenvalueproblems giving pairs of resonant frequencies (eigenvalues) together with associated eigen-fields(modes).

Now, we consider relative permittivity functions heavily dependent on the very frequencythat we are trying to determine: We are facing a non-linear eigenvalue problem. We are also in-terested in the case where several dispersive media are present in the structure as it often occursin practice. We benchmark various FEM formulations of this non-linear eigenvalue problem,from auxiliary fields [1] to brute numerical linearization, and we compare their performances.Very recent advances in linear algebra algorithms have provided efficient libraries able to di-rectly tackle such problems, such as the SLEPc library [2]. Direct calls to this library havebeen implemented in the open source FEM software GetDP [3].

The method is extended to open problems using Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) to de-termine the Quasi Normal Modes (QNMs). Note that the eigenfrequencies are then necessarilycomplex valued for the twofold reason that the dispersive media are dissipative and that thegeometry is unbounded. As an example, we present the modal analysis of a gold diffractiongrating in the visible range. The structure is both open and periodic. The Floquet-Bloch the-ory is applied to tackle the periodicity combined with PMLs to obtain the QNMs. A complexdispersion relation of the structure is obtained. It is shown that the physical behavior of thissystem can be efficiently described using a small number of QNMs – that can even be reducedto a single one.Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the RESONANCE ANR-16-CE24-0013 project.References:[1] Y. Brûlé et al., “Calculation and analysis of the complex band structure of dispersive and

dissipative two-dimensional photonic crystals”, JOSA B, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 691–702, 2016.

[2] J. E. Roman et al., “SLEPc Users Manual”, D. Sistemes Informàtics i Computació, Uni-versitat Politècnica de València, Tech. Rep. DSIC-II/24/02 - Revision 3.8, 2016.

[3] P. Dular et al., “A general environment for the treatment of discrete problems and itsapplication to the finite element method”, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 34, no. 5,pp. 3395–3398, 1998.



Creating and Manipulating Phonon Polaritons in Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Boron Nitride Nanotubes

Gilbert Walker, University of Toronto

Phonon polaritons couple light and nuclear motion at the surfaces of or through polar dielectrics. Their basic photophysics, including excitation, transmission and dissipation are of fundamental interest. We describe their behavior in boron nitride materials, including nanotubes. Mechanisms of far field excitation and coupling to IR plasmons in graphene suggest applications. In addition to exploring these mechanisms we report novel 2D near field methods to examine their coupling to other nuclear degrees of freedom.

Invited B3: Nano-optics & Infra-Red Monday oral session


Polarization-sensitive near-field optical microscopy close to mid-infrared phonon modes

Susanne C. Kehr1*, J. Döring1, L. Wehmeier1, S. Winnerl2, M. Helm2, and Lukas M. Eng,1,3 1 Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany

2 Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany *[email protected]

Scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) is an excellent technique to study the optical to THz properties of materials on the nanoscopic scale, and is applied to various research fields, e.g. plasmonics [1, 2], metamaterials [3, 4], material sciences [5], mineralogy [6], and biology [7]. Particularly when investigating samples close to characteristic material resonances such as plasmons in metals and semiconductors [1, 2], phonons in bulk crystals and crystalline thin films [3, 4, 8, 9], or vibrational modes in molecules [6, 7], the s-SNOM signal strength and the sensitivity on the sample properties are highly enhanced [8, 9]. Therefore, it becomes possible to probe minute changes of optical properties e.g. due to local stress [10] or variations in the charge carrier distributions [2], molecular orientation [6], and local optical anisotropy [9].

Resonant excitation of the near-field-coupled probe-sample system is also heavily dependent on well-chosen polarization orientations of both incident and scattered beams in the s-SNOM experiment. Consequently, separating the sample’s near-field responses along different directions is enabled while equally reducing unwanted scattering and interference effects, e.g. when using a cross-polarized illumination and detection scheme [11,12]. Most commonly, it is the out-of-plane component of the scattered near field that is collected as this configuration results in the strongest field enhancement for non-resonant excitation. However, the analytical dipole-model for near-field interaction [12] predicts that both polarizations, perpendicular and parallel to the sample surface, are equally suitable to study resonantly excited systems as, in this case, the near-field probe plays a non-resonant, rather negligible role as compared to the enhanced sample contributions.

Here, we thoroughly examine complex oxides such as SrTiO3, LiNbO3, and BaTiO3 close to their mid-IR phonon resonances at ~ 20 µm via polarization-sensitive s-SNOM combined with (a) a table-top CO2 laser and (b) the tunable narrow-band free-electron laser FELBE at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (wavelengths from 5 to 250 µm) [5,13,14]. We study the characteristic near-field sample responses within the Reststrahlen band for isotropic and anisotropic samples and compare them to the response of a non-resonant system. Particularly, we explore the near-field resonance for different incident polarizations and find that indeed, both components parallel and perpendicular to the surface show equally strong near-field responses that, however, carry spectrally different signatures.

The authors acknowledge the financial support through the DFG grant no. KE 2068/2-1, BMBF grant No. 05K16ODA, and DAAD exchange programs.

[1] J. Chen et al., Nature 487, 77 (2012). [2] A. Huber et al., Nano Lett. 8, 3766 (2008). [3] T. Taubner et al., Science 313, 1595 (2006). [4] S.C. Kehr et al., Nat. Commun. 2, 249 (2011). [5] D. Lang et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89, 033702 (2018). [6] T. Firkala et al., Minerals 8, 118 (2018). [7] M. Brehm et al., Nano Lett. 6, 1307 (2006). [8] R. Hillenbrand et al., Nature 418, 159 (2002). [9] S.C. Kehr et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 256403 (2008). [10] A. Huber et al., Nat. Nanotech. 4, 153 (2009). [11] M. Esslinger et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 033704 (2012). [12] B. Knoll and F. Keilmann, Opt. Commun. 182, 321 (2000). [13] F. Kuschewski et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 113102 (2016). [14] S.C. Kehr et al., Synchrotron Radiat. News 30, 31 (2017).

B3: Nano-optics & Infra-Red Monday oral session


Plasmonic Tip Enhanced Raman scattering of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide

R. H. Jiang1,2,3, H. J. Chou3, J. Y. Chu2, C. Chen3* and T. J. Yen3*

1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University,Taiwan 2 Department of Material and Chemical Research laboratories, Industrial technology and

research institute, Taiwan 3 Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan

*[email protected]*[email protected]

Previously, we reported a new design of plasmonic tip that combine the efficiency and strongly enhanced, ultra-localized optical fields of superfocusing spot with the superior topographical imaging capability.[1] Here, we applied it to perform tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and TERS imaging. The schematic illustration is shown in Fig 1a. graphene oxide (GO) sheets and carbon nanotubes (CNT) were spin-casted on to the mica substrate. In topography image (Fig. 1 (b)) and corresponding inelastic optical signal image (Fig. 1(c)), the GO and CNT is clearly revealed with high spatial resolution. Furthermore, Raman spectra acquired at the GO-like layers and CNT are compared in the insert of Fig. 1(c). By our plasmonic tip, we could simultaneously achieve optical resolution and spectroscopic identification around 10 nm in real space.

.

Figure 1. (a) Schematic illustration of the experiment (b) topography and (c) simultaneous inelastic optical image (6 x 6 nm2 pixel size).

[1] R.-H. Jiang, C. Chen, D.-Z. Lin, H.-C. Chou, J.-Y. Chu, and T.-J. Yen, Nano Letters 18, 881 (2018).



Experimental observation of long range thermally excited surface waves from 3 to 12 µm

Sergei GLUCHKO1, Bruno PALPANT2, Sebastian VOLZ1,3, Rémy BRAIVE4,5 and Thomas ANTONI2*

1 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.2 Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire, CentraleSupélec, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 3, rue Joliot-Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. 3 Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems/National Center for Scientific Research. 4 Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Route de Nozay, F-91460 Marcoussis, France. 5 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75207 Paris CEDEX 13, France.

*[email protected]

Heat evacuation is one of the principal limiting factors in the race to miniaturization of electronic and optical components as their reduced dimensions are unable to handle the increasing power densities. Nonetheless, at such a scale the surface to volume ratio of the systems dramatically increases and provides a dominating role to surface effects that can be fruitfully exploited. For this reason, thermal radiation through Surface Phonon Polaritons (SPhPs) has been intensively studied over the last decade [1]. However their very narrow spectrum (typically 8.6 − 9.3 μm at a SiO2-air interface) in addition to propagation lengths on the order range of their wavelength significantly limit their applications to thermal transport.

In this work, we demonstrate that, when considering submicron layers, coherent thermal emission form surface waves is considerably extended spectrally due to the excitation of Zenneck and subwavelength TM guided modes that furthermore, exhibit huge propagation lengths [2].

1000 2000 3000 4000

1000

2000

3000

4000(a)

k||, cm-1

experiment SiO2 grating theory SiO2 thin film theory SiO2 semi-infinite light line

, cm-1

0 500 1000 1500

900

1000

1100

1200(b)

Propagation length λ, µm

, cm-1

Figure 1. Left: theoretical and experimental dispersion, right: coherence length of thermally excited surface waves (Zenneck, SPhPs and TM guided) on a 500 nm SiO2 film, measured via FTIR.

We experimentally reconstructed the dispersion of these thermally excited surface waves on a 500 nm SiO2 film deposited on aluminum via Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy from 3 to 12 μm and obtained coherence lengths as high as 0.5 mm (Figure 1) in excellent agreement with FDTD computations [3]. We believe that such modes with large propagation length can greatly participate to the thermal management of submicron optical and electronic devices.

[1] K. Joulain, J.-P. Mulet, F. Marquier, R. Carminati, and J.-J. Greffet, Surface Science Reports 57, 59 (2005).

[2] J. Ordonez-Miranda, L. Tranchant, T. Tokunaga, B. Kim, B. Palpant, Y. Chalopin, T. Antoni, S. Volz, Journal of Applied Physics 113, 084311 (2013).

[3] S. Gluchko, B. Palpant, S. Volz, R. Braive and T. Antoni, Applied Physics Letters 110, 263108 (2017).



Realization and control of Fano resonance in multilayer systems S.Hayashi1,2*, B. Kang1, M. Fujii 1, D. V. Nesterenko3,4, and Z. Sekkat 2

1 Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 2Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco

3Image Processing Systems Institute RAS - Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Samara, Russia

4Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia *[email protected]

In recent publications [1], we have demonstrated theoretically and experimentally the feasibility of realizing the Fano resonances in attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectra of metal-dielectric multilayer structures. In the structures studied, asymmetric Fano line shapes are generated due to near-field coupling of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes with broad resonances to planar waveguide (PWG) modes with sharp resonances. The sharp Fano resonances are very much promising to develop highly sensitive optical sensors and platforms of surface enhanced spectroscopies.

In this presentation, we demonstrate that a variety of combinations of metal (M) and dielectric (D) layers can generate the Fano resonances. Let us consider angle-scan ATR spectra of a multilayer system attached to a high-index prism. One of the most simple and well-known systems is a combination of a M layer and a D layer (MD system) that constitutes either the Kretschmann or Otto configuration. Figure 1 shows experimental absorption spectra converted from the reflectance spectra (A=1-R) for Kretchsmann configurations of prism（BK7）/Ag（49nm）/Air and prism (BK7)/Al (25nm) /Air systems. Although it was common to analyze the spectra as Lorentzian, it is obvious that the line shapes are asymmetric and can be well fitted by a generalized Fano function derived in Ref. [2] (Fano fit, solid curve). This means that the well-known surface plasmon resonance (SPR) dips in the ATR spectra can be regarded as the Fano resonances. According to our analyses, a variety of multilayer systems, such as MDD, MDM, DDD, MDDD and DDDDD structures, can generate the Fano resonances, when the materials and thicknesses of the layers are appropriately chosen. Furthermore, Fano line shapes with different asymmetry parameters, including electromagnetically induced transparency, can easily be generated by varying the structural parameters. Detailed discussions on the mechanism of the generation of the Fano resonances are given in the presentation.

References [1] S.Hayashi et al., Appl. Phys. Express, 8, 022201 (2015); J. Phys. D : Appl. Phys., 48, 325303

(2015); Appl. Phys. Lett., 108, 051101 (2016); Sci. Rep., 6, 33144 (2016); Phys. Rev. B, 95, 165402 (2017); J. Appl. Phys., 122, 169103 (2017).

[2] B.Gallinet and O.Martin, Phys. Rev. B, 83, 235427 (2011).

42.0 43.0 44.0 45.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0 Ktretschmann Abs Fano Fit

1 - R

Angle of incidence (degree)

Ag layer

Al layer

= 632.8 nm

Fig. 1 Experimental ATR spectra of prism/Ag/Air and prism/Al/Air systems and results of Fano fitting.



Decision Making by Classical and Quantum Light M. Naruse1,2*, N. Chauvet2, D. Jegouso2, A. Uchida3, H. Hori4,

A. Drezet2, B. Boulanger2, S. Huant2, G. Bachelier2

1 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, France

3 Saitama University, Japan 4 University of Yamanashi, Japan

* [email protected]

Decision making is a vital function in the age of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Using the chaotic oscillatory dynamics of semiconductor lasers [1], ultrafast (1 GHz) decision making has been demonstrated [2], beating any pseudorandom-number-generator-based solutions. In view of ultimately integrating devices, we have experimentally demonstrated that single-photon-emitting nano-sources can be used to make decisions in uncertain, dynamically changing environments [3,4]. In this context, the multi-armed bandit problem—one of the most important fundamentals in decision making—has been successfully solved using the probabilistic and particle attributes of single photons.

Yet, none of the previous implementations can physically resolve the competitive multi-armed bandit problem [5], wherein the issue is to maximi

Documents

MONDAY AUGUST 27 M500 N101 - NFO15nfo15.utt.fr/doc/Monday_in_line.pdf · 2 . Hochschule Reutlingen, Angewandte Chemie, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany . In my talk