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Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany
Part 1
Representing Complex Geology
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Complex
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3D Groundwater Model
3D Groundwater Model
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Multi-Faulted Regional Groundwater Model, Switzerland
3D Groundwater Model
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• Continuous Layers
• Vertical Walls
Unstructured Meshes
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Example of teaserFollow the guide from the Branding SharePoint page to learn how to change the pictures
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All Problems solved?
Traditional Layered Meshes
Creating Computation Meshes
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Mathematical Approach
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• Finite Differences Method • Finite Element Method
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2.5 D Mesh (Layered Mesh)
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2 Triangles →
1 Quadrangle
Element Deactivation
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• Create Caveats in Mesh, e.g.
for pit mines or tunnels
• Permanent or temporary
Element Deactivation
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• Remove unwanted layers
(Top / bottom only)
Steep Interfaces
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• moderate inclination:
Layer Elevation
• steep inclination:
step layout
Layered Meshes with local remeshing
Creating Computation Meshes
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Pinching
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Topography
Pinching
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Local Re-Meshing
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Non-Layered (Fully Unstructured) Meshes
Creating Computation Meshes
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Non-Layered Meshed
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• Geological contacts (volumes)
• Insets such as well locations
Non-Layered Meshed
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Legacy Approach
Structural Geologic Model
Computation mesh for numerical
model
Interfaces of geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Interfaces and geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Tetrahedral-meshed geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Clipped tetrahedrons
Non-Layered Mesh
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Non-Layered Mesh
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Full tetrahedral mesh
Challenges
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Piecewise Linear Complexes (PLC)
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http://wias-berlin.de/software/tetgen/plc.html
The Problem of Self-intersecting Surfaces
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Closed and Consistent Volumes
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Piecewise Linear Complexes (PLCs)
DHI In-House Solution with TetGen
Example Case
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Consideration of Fault Offsets
Consideration of Fault Offsets
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Consideration of Fault Offsets
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• Case 1: Offset at isolated fault
• Solution: Record and sort all elevation data at faults
+ applicable for isolated faults
- Not applicable for isolated faults
Consideration of Fault Offsets
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• Case 2: Intersecting Faults
Grouping of elements to sectors
+ can represent more generell complex settings
Consideration of Pinchouts
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• Pinchouts and outer model hull
Closing of Remaining Gaps
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• Ensure closed volumes
Regional Markers
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• Bookkeeping for later numerical model
Entwicklung der Methodik
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• Result: Set of 3D face objects consistently enclosing all separable
geologic volumes
• ~ 700.000 points
• ~ 500.000 faces
Geologic Units
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VIDEO
Geologic Units
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VIDEO
Face Objects
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• red: Outer Border
• Light green: Faults
• blue: pinch-outs
• Other colors: geologic contacts
Resulting Mesh
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Carbonate Layer at Depth
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CGAL Meshing GeneratorComputational Geometry Algorithms Library CGAL
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CGAL Library
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• Computational Geometry Algorithms Library CGAL
• Open Source (www.cgal.org)
• Integrated in Geomodeller (Intrepid Geophysics)
Pilot Model of Lusitian Over-Thrust
27 May, 2019© DHI #53
• Geological model created in
3D Geomodeller
• Incl. Major geologic units
• Incl. vertical faults and
Lusatian overthrust
Unstructured mesh generated
Tetrahedron mesh created using CGAL
27 May, 2019© DHI #54
27 May, 2019© DHI #55
Faults require a finite thickness
• Conduit
• Barrier
Handling of Faults
Local refinement
Handling of Faults
27 May, 2019© DHI #56
Nodal connections
Test24.fem
Mesh Refinement
Accuracy vs. Computational Speed
27 May, 2019© DHI #57
more refinement more refinement
Elements: 669.910
Nodes: 114.274Elements: 723.628
Nodes: 124.077
Elements: 1’201.954
Nodes: 201.930
Optimum for Geometric Representation
27 May, 2019© DHI #58
Optimum for Computation
27 May, 2019© DHI #59
Finally: What are the Benefits?
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Flexibility
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Thank [email protected]
DHI are the first people you should call when you have a tough
challenge to solve in a water environment.
In the world of water, our knowledge is second-to-none, and we strive
to make it globally accessible to clients and partners.
So whether you need to save water, share it fairly, improve its quality,
quantify its impact or manage its flow, we can help. Our knowledge,
combined with our team’s expertise and the power of our technology,
hold the key to unlocking the right solution.
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