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One aspect of battery systems that has rapidly gained increased engineering importance is that of thermal management; temperature affects lifetime, durability, performance and safety, all of which are critical to the success of the vehicle. It has also become apparent that the CAE tools, upon which the auto industry relies heavily for product development, have not been available to address thermal management of large-scale battery installations.The problem is technically challenging - cell performance depends on temperature, yet temperature depends upon the cell, pack, cooling system and installation design and operating conditions. Although analysis tools are available to address vehicle thermal management issues, these have not until now been able to solve large-scale problems whilst coupled to cell models.
It is difficult to find any auto OEM that does not have either EV vehicles in production or in advanced development. Batteries have emerged as a key technology to the success of any EVs and this has resulted in a business environment with OEMs, tier 1 suppliers and cell manufacturers forming JVs and alliances to deliver complete battery pack solutions.
Modeling of Battery Systems & Installations for Automotive Applications
p Lithium ion battery simulation.
Courtesy: Daimler AG.
http://www.cd-adapco.com/autoFor more stories about how CD-adapco is pushing forward visit our Automotive Hub:
{Tesla’s proposed mass production electric vehicle.
Courtesy Tesla Motors.
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It is difficult to find any auto OEM that does not have either EV vehicles in production or in advanced development. Batteries have emerged as a key technology to the success of any EVs and this has resulted in a business environment with OEMs, tier 1 suppliers and cell manufacturers forming JVs and alliances to deliver complete battery pack solutions.
To deliver an optimum solution, CD-adapco and Battery Design LLC formed a partnership in early 2009 to deliver a fully coupled flow-thermal-cell solution for solving large scale battery problems. CD-adapco has been developing and using analysis software for fluid flow, heat transfer and stress analysis for nearly 30 years and is heavily ensconced in the automotive industry worldwide; one particular area of strength is total vehicle thermal management. Battery Design LLC is a company specializing in the design and modeling of Li-ion batteries for more than a decade and consults widely to the battery and cell industry.
Specifically, all of the fluid flow and heat-transfer capabilities, including multiple fluid-solid domains, conjugate heat transfer, multi-phase flow, radiation etc available in STAR-CCM+ are coupled to the full range of cell models developed by Battery Design LLC. These include fast simple-circuit models for routine thermal analysis to enhanced electro-chemistry models where non-linear behaviour is critical, such as short circuits and thermal runaway. Additionally, all of the powerful pre and post processing tools required for CAD import, surface preparation, automatic meshing, model setup and visualization are available in the STAR-CCM+ environment.
Simulating battery systems is intrinsically a transient problem - the State-of-Charge (SOC), and hence the battery characteristics, are changing continuously. Additionally, thermal transients are of fundamental interest, typically for a drive cycle of around 20 to 30 minutes. The software has therefore been designed to be able to undertake such unsteady calculations in which the flow, thermal and electrical time-scales are accounted for properly.
One of the challenges to solving such problems is not just the possession of an appropriate analysis tool but also a clear engineering process. The ability to go from a battery design and experimental cell data to a viable installed thermal result. Much effort has been devoted to developing this process so that when the STAR-CCM+ solution is delivered, users will be able to deliver realistic results as fast as possible.
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tLithium ion battery - Courtesy BEHR.
http://www.cd-adapco.com/autoFor more stories about how CD-adapco is pushing forward visit our Automotive Hub:
p Mercedes S400 thermal analysis showing installed lithium ion battery pack.
Courtesy Daimler.
