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BITS PilaniPilani Campus

Product Design

MM ZG 541

Lecture 6

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BITS PilaniPilani Campus

Product function

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Contents

3

• Functional Decomposition

• Function Modeling Basics

• Functions and Constraints

• Modeling Process

• Function Trees

– FAST Method

– Subtract and Operate Procedure• Function Structures

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Why unction!" Deco#$osition

&

• Concentrates on 'Wh!t( has to be achie)ed b*a ne+ concept , not '%o&( it is to be achie)ed

• Basis -or organi.ing design team! tas/s ,

process

• Cre!ti'ity enhancement

• More acceptable solutions can be generated

+ith mapping Needs to Function , then to

Form


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unction!" #ode"ing (!sics

0

• unction – Statement o- clear! reproducible relationship bet+een a)ailable

input , desired output o- product! independent o- an* particular

-orm – %nput 1lectricit* and hand -orce! Output – %roning o-

clothes

• Product unction – %ntended o)erall -unction o- product 2ust an acti)e )erb , noun

4ash clothes! Cut Beans! Cools Air! 5eats +ater

• Su( function

– Component o- product -unction corresponding to subtas/s• )(str!ction

– Process o- ignoring +hat is particular or incidental ,

emphasi.ing +hat is essential and general


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*ery o"d Myth+++

$ April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

While the story is not reallytrue, at least it brings out alesson.

-Function is important i.e.,

Writing in outer space orwherever.

-Not excessive concentrationneeds to be placed on form( This case being a Pen

-What is needed though is toloo! care"ully the "unctionalityand #nd solutions to problem.

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S$ot coo"ing

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Case $ %&& Wor!ers wor!ing in',&&&).m (teel Forging mill

Environment: *ot and humid

Problem: The temperature isunbearable that it reduced theproductivity. +e)uired to providecooling.

onventionally, air conditionerswould have been chosen- Whichnot only cools people and alsosurrounding areas( Waste o"energy.

Solution: y concentrating on the "unction (ooling o" people andnot on "orm (existing air conditioners a new product pot cooler/was developed to achieve the "unction.0dvantages $ 1)uipment si2e is o" %3' th o" conventional 0. Power

consumption is reduced by %3%& th4

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B"!c, Bo-

7

ProductFunctionInput Output


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unctions !nd Constr!ints

8

• Constr!ints – %s a statement o- clear criterion that must be

satis-ied b* a product , re9uires consideration o-entire product to determine the criterion )alue

• Cost of product is a constraint

• unctions are satis-ied through o$er!tion o-product

•Constr!ints are satis-ied b* $ro$erties o-entire product – %ncludes criteria o- cost! compactness! mass ,

reliabilit*


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unction!" Trees

• Deco#$ose the Prime -unction hierarchicall* intosub -unctions

• !st . Si#$"e to construct

• :nderstanding the inter!ctions bet+een

e;panded su( functions is )ital

/ )ST Method

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unction )n!"ysis Syste# Techniue

2)ST3

• Displa*s -unction in a "ogic!" seuence! Prioritie them and teststheir de$endency

• %0WW% anal*sis

• 5igher order -unction> – '%ron the clothes(

• Basic -unction> – '5eats the base o- the iron bo;(

• Secondar* -unction 3 t*pes

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)ST MT%0D

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Iron (o- e-!#$"e


Why

*ow

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Pro7ector e-!#$"e

& April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

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Coffee (e!n cho$$er e-!#$"e

0

+educe noise

hopeans

eal "orhopping

ontaineans

*old eans

0ccepteans

5enerateNoise

+educeNoise

ompactystem

onvert 11to +otation

Transmit Tor)ue

6ampen7ibration

5enerateNoise

+educeNoise

0ctualPower

onnect1lectricity

reate0esthetic0ppeal

upport8oads

5rindo9ee

Provide1lectricity


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Su(tr!ct !nd o$er!te Method

• Botto#/u$ approach to de)elop a -unction tree• Assumption a for# conce$t or !ctu!" $roduct

e;ists! this conceptproduct is then re)erse

engineered

• Better +a* to -igure out -unction o- component

remo)ing it! operating s*stem +ithout it conceptuall*

• Starts b* considering smallest isolatable -unction o-

-eature

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Procedure

• Disassemble one component o- assembl*• Operate the s*stem through its -ull range

• Anal*.e the e--ect

• Deduce the sub -unction o- the missing component• ?eplace the component and repeat the procedure

'n( times! n being the number o- components in the

assembl*

• Translate the collection o- sub -unctions into a

-unction tree


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Erinder Operator

Co--ee

Beans

1nerg*

S*stem

Eround Co--ee

Chamber

SealSlicing

blade

April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani 7

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Coffee Mi""

8

Chamber Seal Slicing blade Shaft Motor

No de#nedway o" holdingcontent

No protectionagainstcontentssplattering

ontents willnot bechopped

licing bladewill not beattachable

ha"t does notspin

No measurablevolume

No protectionagainstspinning blade

No resistanceto tor)ue

ontents willnot bechopped

1lectricity isnottrans"ormed

intomechanicalenergy

No body tomeasurecontents

a"ety issueswill "ail

No resistanceto tor)ue

No body tocontaincontents

hambercannot beclosed

No body tohold theapparatus

Power can:t beactuatedbecauseelectric circuitis not closed

0esthetic ;mpact noise April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

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"#

Coffee #i"" function tree=a!eo9ee5rind

Permitleani

ng

hopeans

+otateha"t

*old;nputPower

;nput>n3>9ignal

;nputeans

Provide

o9ee

Provideindicatio

n o"

chopped

6ispense o9ee

pinha"t

onvert1lectrici

ty

+otation

Transmit

Power

witchPower

0cceptPower

pinlade

ontain chop

noise

ontainhoppin

g

eparatelade

"romhands

ontain

Noise

uppor

t =otor

Transmit

>n3>9ignal

0ccept>n3>9

ignal

ut

eans

;ndicate0moun

t

0ccepteans


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unction Structure

"

• Me!ningfu" , Co#$!ti("e combination o-su( functions in to an o)erall -unction

produces a 'unction Structure(

• Sub -unctions should be e;pressed interms o- #e!sur!("e e--ects or

#!the#!tic!" relationships

• Sub -unctions are sche#!tic!""ynet&or,ed together to -orm an o)erall

-unction structure


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) Syste#888

• %s an entit* that is connected to its en)ironment b*

means o- inputs and outputs de-ined on its boundar*!

• %t can be de-ined in terms o- mechanical construction

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) Syste#888

W!shing c"othes

1lectricit* 1nerg* osses 5eat

Clothes! detergent! +ater Clean clothes! drain +ater

5o+ man* +ash! spin! dr* Time ta/en! status etc

S*stem%nputs Outputs

1nerg* 1nerg*

Material Material

%n-ormation %n-ormation

S*stem%nputs Outputs

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)n e-!#$"e

April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani "0

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Co##on f"o&s 9 unctions

"$

"o&s: -!#$"e•Material solid! li9uid! gas! human•1nerg* human -orce! human motion! chemical! electrical!electromagnetic! h*draulic! magnetic! -orce!tor9ue! linear motion!rotational motion

•%n-ormation tactile! ol-actor*

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"6

B!sic unction Structure: B"!c, Bo-

Remove

Excessength onFinger !ails

Finger nail"#ands

Cut nail"#ands"$ebris

Finger"orce*and

motion

ound,!ineticenergy in nail

5oodappearing

8ong nail*ang nail

+ough nail


imple Nailcutter

Energ%

Material

Informatio

n

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"7

B!sic unction Structure: Coffee ro!ster

Roast co&eebeans'reen co&ee

beansRoasted

co&ee" Cha&

1lectricity *eat , Noise

tatus -ompleted

+oast leveltart

signal


o9ee roaster

Energ%

Material

Informatio

n

ha9 is a thin s!in whichcomes out o" co9ee beanswhile roasting and needs tobe discarded.

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Tr!cing in$uts < M!teri!"s

"8 April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

*eat eans and 0gitate beans are shown parallel as bothactions have to be done simultaneously- Without agitation, thebeans will burn

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Tr!cing in$uts < nergy

3# April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

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Tr!cing in$uts / Infor#!tion


ignalcomplete

d

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)ggreg!te su( functions

3"

• Se9uence o- sub -unctions is aggregated torepresent -unctions o- entire product

• Function Structure must satis-* T+o criteria

– Are sub -unctions 'Atomic(

– %s the le)el o- detail su--icient to address customer

needs>


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)sse#("ing tr!ces / *!"id!ting


ompleted

G i ti St t

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Generic unction Structure

3&

ub"unction

ub"unction

ub"unction

>verallFunctio

nub

"unction

1nergy

=aterial;n"ormati

on


B"!c, (o re$resent!tion for =Po er

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B"!c, (o- re$resent!tion for =Po&er

Scre& dri'er>

30

loosen (

tightenscre)s

electricity, human"orce

tor)ue, heat, noise

8ooseness (ortightness

direction,on3o9

hand,bit

hand,bit

1nergy

in"ormatio

n

material


unction Structure: Po&er Scre&

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unction Structure: Po&er Scre&

dri'er

3$ April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani

%i hi " D iti f P

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8oosen3tighten screws

upplypower

Wor!manually

?sedi9erent

bits

0pplytor)ue

Feelcom"ortab

le

%ier!rchic!" Deco#$osition of Po&erScre&dri'er

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Than/ *ou

Documents

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