Upload
christian-myles-taylor
View
216
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CASE BASED REVIEW OF CRITICAL PLAIN
FILM IMAGING FINDINGS
Michael DiGianvittorio DO
February 6, 2015
MEAPA 25th Annual CME Conference
Objectives Case based
interactive review of 10 “don’t miss” plain film findings
Detect! Describe! Differential! Do what comes
next!
Case 1: 36yo female with atraumatic left hip pain
Returns 3 wks later with similar symptoms
Original Presentation3 wks later
Another 4 wks later…
Coronal CT Coronal STIR MRI
Flouroscopy Guided Hip Aspiration
Septic Arthritis Radiographs/CT
1st sign joint effusion○ Look for displaced fat
pads/stripes!!! Cartilage destruction joint
space loss Cortical bone indistinct Erosions
MRI Most sensitive
US Highly sensitive for joint
effusion Can be used to guide
aspiration
Case 2: 2 yo with tender abdomen
Intussusception Ileocolic most
common type Radiography
Meniscus of soft tissue in air filled colon
Typically RUQ Ultrasound
2.5-5.0cm mass with target appearance
Treatment?
Air Reduction Enema
Preparation: Surgery consult; IV access
Technique: Good rectal seal; 120mmHg max pressure; up to 3 attempts
Case 3: 18mo old with cough
Case 3: 18mo old with cough
Skeletal Survey
Skeletal Survey
Nonaccidental Trauma Radiography
Fractures of varied age Metaphyseal corner fractures Scapula fracture Sternal fracture Spinous process fracture
Bone Scan Takes 7-72hrs to become
positive Very sensitive
CT/MRI Used to assess for CNS
trauma○ Extraaxial hemorrhage○ Axonal injury○ Retinal hemorrhage
Case 4: 26yo with pharnygitis
What next?
Contrast Enhanced CT
Supraglottitis Aka “Adult Epiglottitis” Relatively uncommon
potentially life threatening infection and/or inflammation of supraglottis larynx
Sore throat & dysphagia Most resolve with IV abx
+/- steroids 15% require intubation or
trachestomy Airway compromise less
common than pediatric epiglottitis
Supraglottitis Often clinical diagnosis Plain Film
Lateral project key Thickened epiglottis and
aryepiglottic folds Decreased aeration of
valeculae and piriform sinuses
DDx: SCCa; laryngeal edema related to trauma or radiation
CT Used to evaluate for
complications (abscess) or to narrow differential
Case 5: 40yo with wrist pain following FOOSH
Case 5: 40yo with wrist pain following FOOSH
Scaphoid Fracture
Scaphoid Fracture
PA Oblique
Scaphoid Fracture Fall on outstretched
hand Pain at “anatomic
snuffbox” Mid 1/3 (“waist”)
70% Proximal 1/3
20% Distal 1/3
10%
Scaphoid Blood Supply
Proximal pole entirely dependent on intraosseous blood flow.High risk of non-union or AVN.
Scaphoid FracturePlain film
○ 1st line○ Can obtain “scaphoid
view” – ulnar deviation
Scaphoid Fracture CT
If plain film negative or equivocal
Assess for delayed union, nonunion, AVN
Pre-op planningThin section direct
sagittal along long axis of scahoid
Scaphoid Fracture MRI
Assess for radiographically occult fracture or for vascular compromise of proximal fragment
Marrow edema on fluid sensitive sequence if fracture acute
Nonenhancing if vascular compromise
AVN = hypointense
Scaphoid Fracture 90% eventually heal Complications
“Humpback deformity”○ Most common deformity
associated with malunion Delayed Union
○ Incomplete union after 4 mos
Non Union○ Failure to heal within 6
mos AVN
○ Occurs in 10-15%
h
Scaphoid Fracture Treatment
Casting○ Used in nondisplaced
mid or distal fractures○ 3-6 mos○ 90% heal
Surgical Intervention○ Unstable○ Displaced○ Symptomatic
malunion or nonunion○ Osteonecrosis
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma Cervical Spine Plain
FilmAll 7 segments seen?
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma Cervical Spine Plain
FilmAll 7 segments seen?Alignment
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma Cervical Spine Plain
FilmAll 7 segments seen?AlignmentVertebral body height
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma Cervical Spine Plain
FilmAll 7 segments seen?AlignmentVertebral body heightFracture
Case 6: Neck pain following trauma Cervical Spine Plain
FilmAll 7 segments seen?AlignmentVertebral body heightFracture Prevertebral soft
tissues
Cervical Spine Injury
Cervical Spine Injury Evaluation of
prevertebral soft tissues is essential!
Look for the retropharyngeal fat stripe
Soft tissues may be only clue on plain film of underlying fracture or ligamentous injury
Case 7: 85yo with dyspnea. ? PNA
Reverse S-sign of Golden Coexistence of
superomedial displacement of minor fissure and hilar mass in setting of RUL atelectasis
EtiologyLung cancer (most
common)LymphadenopathyMediastinal massEndobronchial lesion
Reverse S-sign of Golden
Case 8: Neonate with increasing abdominal distention
Pneumatosis Intestinalis: NEC
Idiopathic enterocolitis in low birth weight premature neonatesUsually wks 1-3
Combination of infection and ischemia
Bubble-like or curvilinear lucencies
Pneumatosis Intestinalis: NEC
Gas can extend into extend into peritoneal space in the setting of perforated viscus or can extend into mesenteric vv portal veins
Thickened and dilated bowel loops
Distal ileum and right colon most common
Pneumatosis Intestinalis: NEC
Overal mortality 20-30% (sepsis from perforation)
TreatmentIV nutrition and abx
Bowel strictures possible in patients who survive
Free air = absolute indication for surgery
Case 9: 75yo with back pain following fall
No prior lumbar spine imaging available for comparison
Case 9: Compression Deformity
Compression Deformity Often impossible to
determine age via plain film unless prior imaging available for comparison
MRI Better define fracture
morphology and extent○ Stable vs unstanle
Acute vs chronic Healed vs nonhealed
Vertebroplasty
Vertebroplasty
Vertebroplasty
Final Case: 68yo with SOB and epigastric pain
Final Case: 68yo with SOB and epigastric pain
CT Chest
Esophageal Perforation: Boerhave’s Syndrome Distal esophageal
perforation following rapid increase in intraluminal pressure (violent emesis)
Tear usually left sided Extraluminal contrast Pneumomediastinum Pneumoperitoneum
Esophageal Perforation: Boerhave’s Syndrome Esophography with
water soluble oral contast
No barium!!! CT chest with oral
contrast given just before scan
Large perforations require immediate thoracotomy
Smaller perforations sometimes managed nonsurgically
Thank You!