MEXICO HISTORY

Key Terms

Porfiriato Diaz coup authoritarian modernization privatization

Caudillos Emiliano

Zapata

Francisco

(Poncho) Villa

secular suffrage

Anticlericalism PRI electoral

malpractice

disillusionment NAFTA

Zapatista Army

of National

Liberation

dedazo

Mexican Revolution of 1910

• The Porfiriato (1876-1911)

• Mexico was a dictatorship under Porfiriato Diaz for 34 years

• Diaz gained power by military coup

• Under his 34 years Mexico showed stability even though it was an authoritarian state

Mexican Revolution of 1910

• Diaz was reelected in 1910

when the revolution erupted

• The revolution was a protest

by both elites and the masses

• The political, cultural, and

social inequalities of

modernization, privatizationof land, and industry (90%

was in the hands of

foreigners)

Mexican Revolution of 1910

• The revolution became a civil

war

• Caudillos (political/military

strongmen) challenged one

another for power

• Emiliano Zapata led the

peasant revolution

(central/southern states)

• Francisco (Pancho) Villa led

revolts in the north

Pancho Villa

Constitution of 1917

• The Civil War eventually resulted in a Constitution which guaranteed:

• Agrarian reform, social security, right to organize in unions, minimum wage, 8 hour work workday, universal seculareducation, adult male suffrage

• Limits of foreign investor power meaning only Mexican citizens/govt. could own land or rights to natural resources

• Anticlericalism with the Roman Catholic Church

Post Revolutionary Mexico

• Political stability came in 1929 with the creation of the PRI.

• The most outstanding leader during this time period was Lazaro Cardenas (1934-40)

• Reforms included massive land distribution, establishment of labor unions, extension of education

• After WW II economic stability continued with the rise of the middle class but the neglect of the poorest

Post Revolutionary Mexico

• The 1968 Olympics were a

turning point in modern

Mexican history. Protestors

were clashed with the army,

military, and snipers

• Hundreds were killed and

many more were arrested

• The PRI lost much of it

credibility and power during

this event

Post Revolutionary Mexico

• The late 1970’s saw a spike in

profits with a huge oil spike

• It did not last long with the

declining world oil prices in

1981/82

• Two government officials

were arrested in the 1980’s

over public funds and

corruption

• In 1985 the PRI was accused of

electoral malpractice

The Earthquake of 1985

The Earthquake of 1985

• A major earthquake (8.0) hit Mexico City on September 9, 1985

• The official death toll was 10,000 but estimates place it as high as 30,000

• Over 300,000 Mexicans were left homeless

• Anger pushed over to the government because of the construction violations which led to the additional destruction

• Slow response and the inability to help the people of Mexico City led to further disillusionment of the PRI

NAFTA

• On January 1, 1994 the NAFTA (North American Free Trade

Agreement) went into effect

• Within hours of a group called the Zapatista Army of National Liberation rose up against the government

• The fear and anger of the agreement led to the death of PRI

Presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio in Tijuana. Ernesto

Zedillo became the PRI candidate and next President of Mexico

21st Century Mexico

• Traditionally the President selects his successor from the PRI. It is a practice known as dedazo. In 1999 Zedillo did not follow this tradition

• For the first time in 70 years the PRI lost the presidential election. PAN party candidate Vincente Fox won

• Fox was able to gain support for attacking government corruption and economic reform

• Fox was made a presidential failure because of the inability to pass legislation namely the revolt in Chiapas and a tax reform bill

• By 2003 the legislative branch was stacked with PRI members that Fox could not push any of his reforms.

DRUG WARS• The next President of Mexico

Felipe Calderon (2006-2012) attacked the largest threat facing Mexico, the Mexican Drug Cartels

• The drug business brings in approx. 13 Billion a year

• Between 2006-2011 34,600 people died because of drug violence

• Most of the violence is found in the northern states of Mexico

Drug Wars

• Corruption and murder are

major parts of the drug war

• Other violence includes

extortion, kidnapping, arms

trading, and human trafficking

• A group of people murdered

for identify the problems

found in Mexico are journalist

• Between 2010-2011 74

journalists were murdered

Missing 43: Sept. 26 2014 Pt. 1

Missing 43: Pt. 2

Missing 43: Pt. 3