MERCADO INTERNACIONALDE CACAO(Produccin, Consumo y Stock Mundial)

Primera ParteIng. GONZALO ROMEROCocoa Marketing, Ecuador

CLASIFICACIN COMERCIAL INTERNACIONAL DE TIPOS DE CACAO

The other supply side issue I wish to address caused near panic in the cocoa market 2 years ago, but judging by current price levels no longer concerns the chocolate industry to the same extent, and that is the concentration of cocoa production in a particularly unstable area of the world, West Africa. The small holders of West Africa have dominated world cocoa production since the 1930s. During the 1980s the emergence of Malaysia and Indonesia resulted in the most balanced geographical spread of production since the 1920s. However, the period of low prices that wiped out Malaysia as a major producer and Brazil as a major exporter increased the share of production grown in the low cost areas of West Africa. This year 73% of the worlds cocoa coming from Africa. Ivory Coast alone accounts for 45% of world cocoa production

The roots of the current crisis lie in the expansion of production during the 1970s and 80s. The cocoa sector was developed on the back of an influx of immigrant labour from the north, principally Mali and Burkina Faso. These farmers have been in the country for 20 or 30 years and consider themselves Ivorians, although many Ivorians in the south still consider them guests in the country rather than permanent residents. After the death of Houphouet-Boigny, the first post-independence president who masterminded the development of the cocoa sector during the 1970s and 80s, his successor President Bedie passed legislation that prevented one of his main rivals for the presidency Alassane Ouattara, whose ethnic origins were from the north, from standing against him in the presidential elections. This effectively dis-enfranchised a large number of northern Ivorians and has been a constant bone of contention ever since, affecting the political stability of the country.

PRECIOS PAGADOS AL PRODUCTOR EN LOS PAISES DE ORGEN PRINCIPALESBrasil $ 1.600 / TM$ 1.450 / TM $ 1.515/TMColombia* $ 1.500/TMEcuador $ 1.300 / TM$ 1.320 / TM $ 1.475/TMNigeria $ 1.188/TMGhana** $ 1.000 / TM$ 1.000 / TM $ 992/TMCosta de Marfil*** $ 600 / TM$ 515 / TM $ 670/TM

ENERO/05SEPT/05* Precio valido desde enero 18/2006 hasta nuevo aviso.** Precio establecido desde Oct/2005 hasta Sep/2006*** Impuesto: equiv. $ 600/mtFEB/06

PRECIOS EN EUROPA EQUIVALENTE FOB, GUAYAQUIL PARA CACAO ARRIBA vs. 3 COMPETIDORES AFRICANOSGhana que es utilizado como sustituto parcial del ASSS en la elaboracin de chocolates oscuros, es $295/TM ms barato. Las mejores calidades de Costa de Marfil y Nigeria tambin remplazan al ASSS, haciendo la diferencia de precio ms pronunciada. Cacao africano (del norte de CdM) a $ 300-350/TM bajo NY.

Cierre Mercado de NY-May/06 a $1444,00/TM ex muelle NY.Feb/21/2006

Cacao en GranoDic/15/04May/19/05Nov/22/05EcuadorASSS$100+NY$150+NY$295+NYASSNivel NY$60+NY$150+NYGhanaGrado 1$60-NY$160-NYNivel NYCosta de MarfilGrado 1$80-NY$205-NY$85-NYNigeriaGrado 1$90-NY$235-NY$85-NY

Aeropuerto de Ginebra - Suiza

Chocolates de Origen denominando regin

Chocolate NegroExtrafino99% Cacao

Chocolate Negro Orgnico Isla Granada (71% Cacao)

TALLER REGIONAL ANDINO DE APLICACIN TECNOLOGICAEN EL CULTIVO DEL CACAO

INIAP Pichilingue, 6-8 Marzo 2006, Ecuador

Segunda ParteCalidad de Exportacin y Produccin Exportable de EcuadorCosecha 2005/2006Ing. Gonzalo Romero

REQUISITOS DE CALIDAD DEL CACAO ECUATORIANO PARA EXPORTACINNTE INEN 176TERCERA REVISIONFuente: Tabla INEN 176

1%3%8%26%62%

2%2%13%28%55%

12%31%57%

ImpurezasDefectos

Estos productos contaminantes y txicos se encuentran en el chocolate

Almendra de cacao Residuos de

pesticidas (Cl) Metales pesados (Cd,Pb) Micotoxinas (A. flavus) Contaminaciones diversas

TIPOS DE CONTAMINACIN

Almendra Tostada

Residuos de pesticidasMetales pesadosMicotoxinasContaminaciones diversas

MICOTOXINAS CONSIDERACINES GENERALESProductos secundarios del metabolismo del hongo, producido en ciertas condicines, biticas (vivo) y abiticas (inerte), con graves efectos sobre la salud.Aspergillus Ochratoxinas cereales, frutos secos, caf, cacao, vino Aflatoxinas cacahuete Citrinina cereales

Penicillium Ochratoxinas cereales, frutos secos, vino, etc. Citrinina cereales Patulina frutas y verduras

Fusarium Fumosinas cereales Zearalnonas cereales Vomitoxinas cereales

Plazo: 30 Junio 2006Cacao: 6 o 8 g/kg (ppb)?Semi-elaborados:?CacaoCacao

CONSECUENCIAS DE LA PRESENCIA DE LA OTA1 - Para los productores Baja de los precios de compra a corto plazo Disminucin de los ingresos de los agricultores Prdidas de mercados Aumento del riesgo OTA en el cacao consumido

localmente 2 - Para los consumidores Dificultades para el abastecimiento Disminucin del consumo Incremento del precio para el consumidor

HUMEDAD DE EQUILIBRIO DE LA ALMENDRA DE CACAO

Humedad Relativa (%)

Contenido de Humedad (%)

65

6.35

71

7.15

75

7.45

81

8.65

84

9.30

90

12.65

98

17.60

El punto de equilibrio de la humedad del cacao con el contenido de agua del ambiente es 7%.

El cacao es higroscpico y absorber humedad bajo condiciones muy hmedas hasta encontrar un equilibrio

El cacao con humedad de +8% se enmohecer y est en equilibrio con una H.R. de 80 85%.

El almacenamiento del cacao en condiciones hmedas puede ocasionar el incremento del cido graso libre (oleico).

PELIGRO DE CONDENSACIN: Sacos apoyados al metal fro de las paredes del contenedor.

MOHO POR CONDENSACIN DURANTE TRANSPORTE EN CONTENEDOR

SACOS SIN MANCHASMOHO EN VIAJE SIN CONDENSACIN: GUAYAQUIL HAMBURGOCACAO ENMOHECIDO SIN EVENTOS DE CONDENSACION

VIAJE CON PROBLEMASTCondensacinEvaporacinTemperaturaHRLa humedad de la carga se evapora, especialmente cuando hace calor100%EvaporacinCondensacinTiempo

VIAJE EN CONTENEDOR SIN PROBLEMAS (Superventilado, Starvent, o Seco con Absorbentes de Humedad) Absorben la humedad del aire y reducen la HRHR100%TTemperaturaTiempoEvaporacin

Produccin Exportable de EcuadorCosecha 2005/2006Tercera Parte

Produccin Exportable de Ecuador(Ao Cacaotero Oct/Sep)AoTM105* Proyeccin Min-Max 2005/06 (Dic-05)

Grfico2

83

103

101

28

72

92

81

72

80

111

110

115

TM

Hoja1

AoTM

1994/9583

1995/96103

1996/97101

1997/9828

1998/9972

1999/0092

2000/0181

2001/0272

2002/0380

2003/04111

2004/05110

2005/06*115

Hoja1

TM

Hoja2

Hoja3

EXPORTACIN EN GRANO POR CALIDADES Cosecha 2004-2005

MAYORES COMPRADORES DE CACAO ECUATORIANO (Ene-Dic 2005) en TMUSAEuropaTotalTransmar8603394212545ED&F Man7605327610881Blommer10046-10046Walter Matter85568556Albrecht & Dill23912391Daarnhouwer22262226

Walter Matter, Suiza es el mayor comprador de cacao para Europa, donde tiene un estricto control de calidad para poder abastecer a la industria que elabora chocolates oscuros finos.

GRACIAS !

The other supply side issue I wish to address caused near panic in the cocoa market 2 years ago, but judging by current price levels no longer concerns the chocolate industry to the same extent, and that is the concentration of cocoa production in a particularly unstable area of the world, West Africa. The small holders of West Africa have dominated world cocoa production since the 1930s. During the 1980s the emergence of Malaysia and Indonesia resulted in the most balanced geographical spread of production since the 1920s. However, the period of low prices that wiped out Malaysia as a major producer and Brazil as a major exporter increased the share of production grown in the low cost areas of West Africa. This year 73% of the worlds cocoa coming from Africa. Ivory Coast alone accounts for 45% of world cocoa production

The roots of the current crisis lie in the expansion of production during the 1970s and 80s. The cocoa sector was developed on the back of an influx of immigrant labour from the north, principally Mali and Burkina Faso. These farmers have been in the country for 20 or 30 years and consider themselves Ivorians, although many Ivorians in the south still consider them guests in the country rather than permanent residents. After the death of Houphouet-Boigny, the first post-independence president who masterminded the development of the cocoa sector during the 1970s and 80s, his successor President Bedie passed legislation that prevented one of his main rivals for the presidency Alassane Ouattara, whose ethnic origins were from the north, from standing against him in the presidential elections. This effectively dis-enfranchised a large number of northern Ivorians and has been a constant bone of contention ever since, affecting the political stability of the country.