Medicine in the Middle Ages

Supplementary materials to “Healing”

Anatomical illustration

Anatomical illustration showing the veins, from a medical miscellany.England; 13th century, lateBodleian Library, MS. Ashmole 399, fol. 18r

[Formerly no. 17] http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept

/scwmss/wmss/medieval/mss/misc/towards.htm

http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/jpegs/imagecat/1500/imac0961.jpg

http://clendening.kumc.edu/dc/rti/diagnostics_1503_reisch01.jpg

Herbals

Apuleius, Dioscorides, Herbals (extracts); De virtutibus bestiarum in arte medicinae, in Latin and EnglishEngland, Bury St. Edmunds; 11th century, late

http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/mss/bodl/130.htm

fol. 2r (detail)Beet

fol. 3r fol. 3r (detail)(detail)StrawberryStrawberry

fol. 9v Woodruff

                        

A Woman gathering herbshttp://www.umm.maine.edu/medica/biblio.html

The Tree of Poison http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/BotanicalSciences/AboutBotany/

MythicalPlants/BohunUpas/BohunUpas.htm

Four elements

The Greeks believed the world was divided into four basic elements and that the body mirrored this division in the Four Humors, or bodily fluids.

Basic Elements Bodily Fluid Resulting Temperament

Fire/ water/ earth/ air

1. Fire - Yellow bile - Choleric; Violent, vengeful

2. Water - Phlegm - Phlegmatic: Dull, pale, cowardly

3. Earth - Black bile - Melancholic; Gluttonous, lazy, sentimental

4. Air - Blood - Sanguine; Happy, generous, amourous

http://balder.prohosting.com/shissem/Hissem_Gernets%20of%20Heysham.html

http://www.bnf.fr/enluminures/images/jpeg/i4_0057.jpg

The Four Temperaments

Central figure is that of a man with lines connecting various body parts to their humoral elements. Phlegmatics in lower right corner, colics in upper left. Hunting scenes fill right and bottom borders. [Paris: Philippe Pigouchet, 1501]

http://wwwihm.nlm.nih.gov/

Balance of Four Elementshttp://www.russianbooks.org/galen.htm

WET                                                                           DRYwet-cold [wet-hot/cold]   /     dry-hot [dry-hot/cold]

/ -------------------------[ perfect balance ]

------------------------/

[wet/dry-hot]  wet-hot      /     [wet/dry-cold] dry-coldHOT                                                                         COLD

 

Qualities, elements, seasons, Qualities, elements, seasons, humorshumors http://web.uvic.ca/shakespeare/Library/SLT/ideas/elements.html

Four Elements

season element humour body fluid locationSpring air sanguine blood heartSummer fire choleric "yellow bile" liverAutumn earth melancholic "black bile" spleenWinter water phlegmatic phlegm (various)

                                                                                      

http://www.russianbooks.org/galen.htmGeometric vector  modeling of elemental mixture theory.

From Isidore de Seville, De natura rerum, manuscript circa A.D. 800(IMAGE SOURCE:  Cologne Diocese Library, Germany)

Dying and DeathLast Rites -- the final sacrament Relationship between the priest and the doctorhttp://www.uiowa.edu/~c016136/LectureOutlines/Medieval%20Medicine_files/slide0012_image010.jpg

Medieval MedicineMedieval Medicine

http://www.uiowa.edu/~c016136/LectureOutlines/Medieval%20Medicine_files/frame.htm

MEDIEVAL MEDICINE AND MEDICAL PRACTICES

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/HSt%20101--Lecture%2017--Medieval_medicine_and_medical_pr.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/15569/hist-6.html

Gilbertus, Anglicus. Compendium medicine. Lugduni, 1510.

Gilbert the Englishman, who lived in the 13th century, was England's first major medical writer. He intended his Compendium to include all medical knowledge.

The Black Death • http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/

middleages/blackdeath/blackdeath.html

Significant dates:

in 1348 it spread to Ireland,France,Spain,and England.

1346 plague reached Black Sea. in 1350 the plague entred Russia. the plague arrived in Europe in 1347 and

lasted until 1350. after plague was gone there were few cases

every year.

http://www.click2disasters.com/stories/black_death/images/hardhit.jpg

http://www.york.ac.uk/teaching/history/pjpg/black-death.jpg

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/arabic/arabichome.html

Crudest Empiricism? Crudest Empiricism? Sheer guesswork?Sheer guesswork?

The coordination The coordination between theory and between theory and practice in the practice in the medieval medicine?medieval medicine?