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European Biomass Conference
May 27-31, Lisbon, Portugal
Measurement of the GBEP
indicators in Kenya and links to the
bioeconomy in Africa
Outline
• Background Kenya
• GBEP Kenya
• Pathways
• Outcomes
• Challenges
• Links to bioeconomy and circular economy
• Conclusions Strategic view
(KNBS 2018 &World Bank report, 2017)
Sources of energy in Kenya
Cont.
Kenya %
Access to Electricity (% of population) 56.00
(2018)
Energy Imports Net (% of energy use) 17.17
(2014)
Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption (Coal, oil,
petroleum, and natural gas products.) (% of
total)
17.38
(2014)
Background
• In sub-Saharan Africa, 72 % of urban and 98% of rural
households use fuelwood for energy.
• In Kenya use of charcoal in urban areas has risen by 64 % in
two decades.
• charcoal industry provides employment to 500,000 people and
generates over US$427 million but kept out of the formal
economies of this country (Njenga, 2018)
• A ban in 2018 for charcoal production
(Transrisk, 2018)
Projected annual biomass energy consumption/supply (in thousands) in Kenya
KIPPRA (2010)
Project activities
Validation and final workshop
Indicators measure-
ment
Database analysis
Indicators method-
logy
Selection of
pathways
National workshop
Advisory board: Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of EnergyDirectorate for Climate Change
Pathways
• Sources: horticulture, food crops, industrial crops, livestock and fisheries.
• Food crops: maize (3500 kt/y), wheat (400 kt/y), rice (120 kt/y), Sorghum (170 kt/y), beans (620 kt/y), roots and tubers like potatoes (1630 kt/y), sweet potatoes (760 kt/y) and cassava (870 kt/y).
Sugar cane bagasse briquettes used in the tea industry
Charcoal from rangeland and farmland used in households
Industrial usesStrathmore University
Industrial crops: tea (400 kt/y), coffee (42 kt/y) and sugar cane (6000 kt/). Residues: husks, cobs, the shells, bagasse or straw for energy, fodder, compositing, mulching among other uses.
Kenya charcoal
Transrisk, 2018
Main issues Pathway 1
• Sugar cane bagasse alternative use
• Benefits from GHG reduction
• New sector producing briquettes
• Tea sector interested in using other type of biomass
• Technical improvement of boilers needed
• Job creation but unskilled
• Transport (distance) still a challenge
• Briquettes other uses such as vegetable oil companies, food,
tanneries
• Restriction to sugar belt
Sugar cane bagasse briquettes
Tea factories
Main issues Pathway 2
• Definitions of rangeland and farmland
• Ban of charcoal in 2018 but charcoal is still produced and
imported from Uganda
• Use of modern cooking stoves and traditional vs improved
charcoal production
• Policies in place but no enforcement; no cogeneration
• Preferred species Acacia
Kenya Ceramic Jiko (KCJ) Improved charcoal stove( by Ecozoom, Envirofit and Burn Manufacturing
Major institutions in the charcoal sector in Kenya
Min
istr
ies/
par
asta
tals
Reg
ulat
ory
inst
itut
ions
Res
earc
h
Civ
il
Soci
ety
Ministry of
Energy and
Petroleum
Ministry of
Environment and
Natural
resources
Ministry of Lands
and Physical
planning
KENGEN
GDC KETRACO
REA Kenya
Pipeline
National
Oil
Nuclear
electricity
board
Kenya
Power
Kenya Petroleum Refineries
Energy
regulatory
commission
NEMA KWS KFS National land
commission
Sub-county
land
control
boards
Kenya Industrial
Research and Dev.
Institution
Kenya Forestry
Research Institute
National council
of science and
technology
Civil society
organisation
Challenges for GBEP indicators
1. Need to adapt the proposed methodology to the selected
pathways mainly solid biomass
2. Data in different organisations (e.g. GIZ, SNV, AECF, Clean
Cooking Alliance, others)
3. Quantitative data may be missing, only from past and ongoing
research
Overcoming challenges
• Data sharing
• Database for first time
• Narrative and proxy
Inputs of GBEP to Kenya bioenergy
• Consolidation of data from different organisations
• Possibilities to improve to modern biomass use
• Links to bioeconomy and circular economy
• Stakeholders engagement
• Policy innovation e.g. cogeneration (amend policy)
• Link to private sector and emerging sectors (briquettes)
• New governance systems with landscape governance
• Continue with agroforestry systems and considerations for ASAL
• Enforce education campaigns to promote modern bioenergy
where costs are feasible (e.g. urban areas)
Links to bioeconomy and circular economy
• Improved supply chains (e.g. macadamia nutshells for
biomass)
• Sustainable production and consumption (SDG 12)
• Circular economy agreement (Rwanda, Nigeria, South Africa)
• East Africa Bioeconomy strategy (BISEA funded by
Bioinnovate)
• Enough data on biomass potential
Croton megalocarpus
Strategic view
Policy
agendas
energyRural development & agriculturetransport
Sustainable development
Environment WAT
ER
industry
Policy agendas
energy Rural development & agriculture transport
Sustainable development
Environment, economic, social, policy
industry Climate change
National/regionalSDGs
BIOECONOMY
Thank you!
Dr Rocio A Diaz Chavez
Stockholm Environment Institute
Africa Centre
Deputy Director for Research
Energy and climate change
programme leader