Meanings of Meanings of MiamiMiamiThe Miami tribe are not related to the city in Florida (whose name comes from the Seminole language, and means “sweet water”)

In the Miami language, the name comes from their native word Myaamia, which means "allies"

The most common meaning or derivation of the name “Miami” comes from the Chippewa word omaumeg, which means “people on the peninsula”

The Miamis tend to accept that the tribe’s original name is twightwees after the cry of a crane

Other names include pkiwi-leni, given by the Shawnee (meaning “dust people”), sashkia-a-runo of the Wyandot (meaning “people dressing finely”), and tawatawas given by the early British colonists (meaning “naked people”)

Miami Chief Little Turtle

Tribes, Treaties, & Tribes, Treaties, & TribulationTribulation

The problem for Americans is that The problem for Americans is that as they moved West to get away from as they moved West to get away from Eastern interests, they ran into Native Eastern interests, they ran into Native AmericansAmericans European settlers had not treated European settlers had not treated Native Americans well from the startNative Americans well from the start In the wake of the War of 1812, In the wake of the War of 1812, however, Americans were angry that however, Americans were angry that most of the tribes had sided with the most of the tribes had sided with the English English

The Louisiana PurchaseThe Louisiana Purchase

The West as a Safety ValveThe West as a Safety Valve Eastern cities had become “over-Eastern cities had become “over-

civilized” for many people, as well as civilized” for many people, as well as being over-crowdedbeing over-crowded

The West provided people a safety The West provided people a safety valve to escape both pressures of the valve to escape both pressures of the EastEast

Going west did not always mean going Going west did not always mean going to the Western U.S. of todayto the Western U.S. of today

The “old” West was once Cincinnati, The “old” West was once Cincinnati, Ohio, and Fort Wayne, IndianaOhio, and Fort Wayne, Indiana

Article 1 – Section 8

“THE CONGRESS SHALL HAVE THE POWER … TO REGULATE COMMERCE … WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES.”

Native American Native American TreatiesTreaties

THREE TREATY FORMSTHREE TREATY FORMS

1)1) Belligerency Belligerency {war prevention}{war prevention}

2)2) Accommodation Accommodation {peace promotion}{peace promotion}

3)3) ColonialColonial {land {land acquisition}acquisition}

Quasi-SovereigntyQuasi-Sovereignty An extreme reading of the sovereignty rule An extreme reading of the sovereignty rule

may lead one to conclude that anything an may lead one to conclude that anything an Indian group wanted is provided “in the Indian group wanted is provided “in the treaties”treaties”

Conversely, every evil twist on the rule Conversely, every evil twist on the rule could be blamed on the “broken treaties”could be blamed on the “broken treaties”

The argument against the tribes is that they The argument against the tribes is that they enjoy the benefits of dual citizenshipenjoy the benefits of dual citizenship

Native Americans have constantly been Native Americans have constantly been denied access to basic rights enumerated in denied access to basic rights enumerated in the U.S. Constitutionthe U.S. Constitution

Land Ownership DefinitionsLand Ownership Definitions European = You European = You

own this, I own own this, I own that, and there is a that, and there is a line between the line between the twotwo

Native = More Native = More abstract, tribe abstract, tribe owns land on which owns land on which they live, believed they live, believed different people different people could own different could own different rights on same landrights on same land

““Frontier Crisis”Frontier Crisis” The newly formed The newly formed

government government wound up wound up creating a creating a “frontier crisis” “frontier crisis” where settlers where settlers were squatting on were squatting on Indian lands Indian lands before the before the government was government was ready ready

President Andrew President Andrew JacksonJackson

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson represented the worst represented the worst of the founders’ fearsof the founders’ fears

First U.S. president First U.S. president born west of the born west of the Appalachian Appalachian MountainsMountains

2nd lawyer ever in the 2nd lawyer ever in the state of Tennesseestate of Tennessee

Inauguration attended Inauguration attended by 15,000 spectatorsby 15,000 spectators

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

JOHN C. CALHOUN

CHIEF JOHN ROSS

Nullification ThreatNullification Threat When Jackson When Jackson

signed off on a signed off on a tariff in 1832 that tariff in 1832 that hurt Calhoun’s hurt Calhoun’s beloved south, beloved south, even after even after pledging pledging southern loyalty, southern loyalty, Calhoun argued Calhoun argued for nullification for nullification

Death of the 2Death of the 2ndnd BankBank

Jackson thought it Jackson thought it bad that private bad that private British investors British investors owned most of the owned most of the bank stockbank stock

Removed all USG Removed all USG funds after winning funds after winning 1832 election1832 election

22ndnd Bank lost 20% of Bank lost 20% of its worth, eventually its worth, eventually folding in 1836folding in 1836

Andrew Jackson’s Andrew Jackson’s LegacyLegacy

Defied the Supreme Court and wonDefied the Supreme Court and won Killed the 2nd Bank of the United States Killed the 2nd Bank of the United States

with the idea of paying off the national with the idea of paying off the national debt and wound up causing more harmdebt and wound up causing more harm

Often characterized as King Andrew the Often characterized as King Andrew the First because he vetoed more bills than First because he vetoed more bills than all previous six presidents combinedall previous six presidents combined

Jackson vetoed 12 bills total Jackson vetoed 12 bills total