MCA (Revised) Term-End Examination June, 2OO7 … (Revised) Term-End Examination June, 2OO7 MCS-053 O : GOMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA ... using Bresenham line generation algorithm

Mcs-o$@

MCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination

June, 2OO7

MCS-053 O : GOMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDMULTIMEDIA

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 700

Note r Qu estion number 1 is com pulsory. Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

l. (a) What do you mean by Presentation Graphics ? What

are the various softwares available to produce

presentation graphics ? Which illustration graphic

would you like to use to produce a banner of size say

L 2 ' b y 1 2 ' ?

Modify the DDA algorithm, to produce line segments

with negative slopes.

(b)

Mcs-053 @ P.T.O.

Downloaded from www.paraman.in

(c) Use Sutherland Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm

to clip the polygon (star shaped) shown below.

POLYGON

WINDOW

(d) Derive the rotational transformation rnatrix for a 2-D

system, provided the rotation is performed about the

origin.

Using the parametric

difference between

projection.

n

Prove for a Bezler curve that t B 1., A

D ' I

What are the relative merits of object space method

and image space method ?

What do you mean by the terms Morphing and

Panning ? What is their significance in animation ?

Differentiate between following :

(i) Printer and Plotter

(ii) Random scan and Raster scan display devices

(e) equation of line, describe the

parallel and perspective

(f)

(s)

(h)

2. (a)

Mcs-053 @


(b)

(c)

Draw the line segment joining QA, 10) and (25, 14)

using Bresenham line generation algorithm.

With the help of an example, describe the working

of Cohen Sutherland line clipping algorithm. What

are the limitations of Cohen Sutherland line clipping

algorithm ? Which algorithm was proposed to

overcome these limitations ?

Obtain the projection matrix, which represents the

perspective projection of a point (x, g, zl on z : d

plane, provided the centre of projection is at(0, 0, -d).

Determine the transformed coordinates of a triangle

A(0, 0) ; B(-2, 2l; C(-2, -2]l when it is subject to the

rotation by an angle (g : 45") about a line passing

through (-1, 0) such that it is parallel to y-axis

What do you mean by the term Vanishing point ?

Under what conditions can the vanishing point be

determined ?

An animation shows a bird flying in the sky such that

its path is specified by a Bezier curve with the

following control points :

The animation lasts 10 seconds and the key

are to be computed at 1 second interval

Determine the position of the bird in the sky

start of 6th second of animation.

3. (a)

4. (a)

(b)

(c)

frames

each.

at the

7 0

P.T.O.

x k : 0 2 20 5

V p : 0 4 1 1 3

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(b) Distinguish between Z buffer method and scan line

method. What are the visibility tests made in these

methods ?

(c) Write short notes on (any twol :

(i) Ray tracing

(ii) Antialiasing

(iii) Ray casting

5. (a) With the help of graphs for respective mathematical

functions, describe how the frame spacing is affected

to produce non-zero accelerations.

(b) What do you mean by graphic file compression ?

Briefly describe any two types of graphic file

compression formats.

(c) What are image editing tools ? What is the selection

criteria for image editing tools ?

6

4

Mcs-053 @ 2,000


MCA (Revised)


June, 2OO7

MCS-{IS3 : COMPUTER GRAPHTCS ANDMULTIMEDIA


Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt snythree questions from the rest.

l - (a) What is the number of memory bits required for a3-bit plane frame buffer for a 2,56 x 256 raster ? 5

(b) What do you mean by staircase effect ? How doesthis staircase effect, affect the generation of gralJhicprimitives ? What was the proposed solution to this

5effect ?

(c) What are the demerits of Euclidean coordinatesystem ? How can Hornogeneous coordinate systemovercomes these demerits ? What should be thefactor of Homogeneity if the situation of horizon isto be visu alized ? s

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(d)

(e)

Draw the tree structure to describe the taxonomy of

projection ?

For a Bezier cutve P(u) prove the following

properties :

( i ) P ( u : 0 ) =

( i i ) P ( u : 1 ) :

What is the maximum number of objects that can be

handled by Z-buffer algorithm ? What happens when

two polygons have same Z*alue and Z-buffer

algorithm is used ?

How many key frames does a five minutes animation

film sequence with no duplicates require ? How is the

result affected { we provide 5 in between frames in

between each pair of key frames ?

What is the difference between Hypertext and

Hypermedia ? Briefly describe various links used in

Hypermedia ?

Derive the conditions of generating line by using DDA

line generation algorithrnm for both cases (i.e. when

slope

DDA line generation algorithm and use the same to

produce line segment from (2, 4l to (9, 9],.

po

pn

(g)

(h)

2. (a)

1 0

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(b) Use Cyrus Beck Line Clipping algorithm to clip the

line segment PQ passing through a non convex

window ABCDE shown below :

Differentiate between the following :

(i) Bitmap Graphic and Vector Graphic

(ii) Drawing and Painting Softwares

Perform a 45" rotation of a triangle A(0, 0); B(1, th

C(5 , 2l about an arbitrary point (- 1, - 1).

Obtain the perspective projection of a point (x, g, zl

on z : d plane, where the centre of projection is at

origin ? Show the results obtained in the form of a

projection matrix.


(i) ' Perspective projection and Parallel projection

(ii) Scaling transformation and Reflection

transformation

(c)

3. (a)

(b)

(c)

MCS-053 P.T.O.


4. (a) Given p0(1, 1); pr(z,3h pz(4,3); p3(3, L) as controlpoints of a Bezier curve, determine 3 arbitrary points

on this Bezier curve,

(b) Write short notes on following :

(i) Depth-Buffer method

(ii) Scan-Line method

(iii) Area sub division method

(c) Comp are and contrast following :

(i) Phong shading and Gouraud shading

(ii) Diffused reflection and Specular reflection

5. (a) What do you mean by animation ? What are varioustechniques of producing animation ? Whichanimation technique is better and why ?

(b) How do we simulate motion in any animation ? Withthe help of a graph, describe and justify, how theframe spacing controls the motion simulated in ananimation scene ?

(c) Write short notes on following :

(i) Authoring tools

(ii) Audio file formats

(iii) Interactive multimedia

(iv) Video file formats

5

9

7

8

MCS-053 7,000


MCA (Revised)


Decernber, 2OO7

MCS.O53 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND

MULTIMEDIA


Note , euesf ion number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any

three quesfions from the rest'

l. (a) What is an image's aspect ratio ? If an image has a

height of 2 inches and an aspect ratio of 1'5, what

2+3:5is its width ?

(b) Distinguish between window and viewport. Describe

how window to viewport mapping is done. 2+3:5

(c) prove that successive scalings are multiplicative.

Magnify the triangle with vertices A(0, 0), B(1, 1)

and C(5, 2l to twice its size while keeping C(5 , 2')

f ixed . , 4+6:70

MCS.O5 3 P . T . o .


(d) The unit cube (given below) is projected onto the xyplane. Note the position of the x, y and z axes.Draw the projected image using the standardperspective transformation with 10

(i) a : 1, and

(ii) d : 10, where d is distance from the viewplane

(0, 0, - d)

(e)

(0

Given p0(0, 0), pt(1, 3), p2B, 2), p3(2, 0) asvertices of Bezier curve , determine 2 points on theBezier curve

Write short notes on :

(a) Electronic Encylopedia

(b) Lossless Audio formats

What is the limitation of Cohen Sutherland lineclipping algorithm, which was overtaken by cyrusBeck line clipping algorithm ? Explain Cyrus Beckline clipping with example.

2. (a)

I ' H, ,l , '. al .

i ,,'a /

ii__

MCs-Os3


(b) Write pseudocode for Mid-point Circle Generation

Algorithm 6

(c) Use DDA line generation algorithm to draw a line

from (0, 2l to (7 , 7).

3. (a) Find the transformation matrix for the reflection about

t h e l i n e Y : x .

(b) Briefly describe the polygon representation method. 5

(c) Describe the conditions to be satisfied, in Area

Subdivision method, in order to identify when a

surface is not to be divided further. 6

(d) What are the advantages and disadvantages of

Z-buffer method ? What is the maximum number of

objects that can be handled by 2-buffer algorithm ?3+7:4

4. (a) Why do we need illumination models ? Compare

Ambient Reflection with Diffuse Reflection.

(b) Comp are and contrast

(i) Parallel projection and Perspective projection.

(ii) Gouraud shading and Phong shading.

(c) What do you mean by Antialiasing"? How does the

technique of antialiasing work to get rid of the

problem of aliasing ?

7

7

MCS-05 3 P . T . O .


5. (a)

(b)

(c)

How many frames does a one-minute animation filmsequence with no duplication require if ther e are 6 inbetween for each pair of key frames ? What will bethe answer if duplication is there ? 5

Differentiate between the following

(i) Procedural animation and Stochastic animation 3

(ii) Bitmap graphic and Vector graphic 3

(iii) Hypertext and Hypermedia 2

(iv) Printer and Plotter 2

What do you mean by the term Authoring tools inMultimedia ? Briefly describe any two authoringtools . , 5

MCS-053 6,000


MCA (Revised)


December, 2OO8

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDMULTIMEDIA

Time :3 hours Maximum Marks : 700

Nofe : Question number 7 is compulsory. Attempt

any three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Write a transformation matrix for a 3-D

rotation, in homogenous co-ordinate system

with. respect to X, Y and Z axes respectively.

(b) What is the limitation of DDA line generation

algorithm ? How does Bresenham line

generation algorithm overcome this limitation ?

(c) Define an "oblique. projection". Derive ageneral transformation matrix for an obliqueprojection.

(d) How can frame buffer be used to put colour

and intensity control on the screen ?

MCS-053


Explain the term "sweep representation". How

can a cylinher be produced by using the

concept of sweep representation ?

What is the need of the concept of "Shading"

in Computer Graphics ? List the merits and

demerits of Phong Shading.

Explain the terms "Cel animation" and "sprite

animation". Which. of the two techniques is

better for creating animation ? Justify your

answer.

Define the use of the following file formats :

(i) GIF

(ii) JPEG

(iiil WPG

(iv) MPEG

(v) TIFF

2. (a) Write pseudo code for Bresenham circle

generation algorithm. . Use this algorithm to

produce a circle of radius r : 4 units, in the

f i r s t q u a d r a n t f r o m x : 0 t o x = g . 1 0

(b) Write the pseudo code for DDA line drawing: algorithm for

.a line segment with nggative

slope.

MCS-053 2

'(e)

k)


(c) Differentiate between the following (attemptany turo) : .

(0 Drawing and Painting

(ii) CAD and CAM

(iii) Printer and Plotter

Determine the final coordinates of theperspective projection of an object, when theobject is first rotated w.r.t. the Y-axis by - 30'and w.r.t. X-axis by 45e, and finally it isprojected onto Z = 0 plane with the centre ofprojection at (0, 0, - 5).

Find the general transformation matrix for thereflection about the line v : - x.

"simultaneous shearing is not thg same asshearing in one direction, followed by'shearingin another direction." Justify the statementmathematically.

Write the pseudo code for the ZSufferalgorithm for visible surface detection. What isthe maxifnum number of objects that can behandled by Z-buifer algorithm ? Give twoadvantages and two disadvantages of Z-bufferalgorithm.

3. (a)

4. (a)

1 0

(b)

(c)

5

MCS-O53

1 0


What is the difference between ray tracing and

ray casting ? Explain, how a ray tracing method

cirn be used to achieve realism in computer

graphics.

What is the problem of aliasing ? How does the

technique of anti-aliasing'work to get rid of the

Broblem of aliasing ?

5. (a) Explain any four of thb following : 10

(i) Compression in Digital Video

(ii) Morphing.

(iii) Stochastic Animation

(iv) Icon based authoring tools

(v) Panning

(b) Discuss the role 'of

image editing tools in

creating and editing multimedia elernents.

Briefly describe the criteria behind the selection

of an image editing tool. 1(


Mcs-o$@

MCA (Revised)


June. 2OO8.

MCS-053@ : COMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDMULTIMEDIA

TIme : 3 hours . Moximum Marks : 700

Nole : Queslion number 7 is compulsory. Attempt anythree questions from the rest.

f. (a) Indicate which raster locations wotrld be chosen byBresenhem's algorlthm when scan converting aline from pixel coordinate (1, 1) to pixel coordinate(8, 5).

(b) Perform a rotation of triangle A (7,2l,Bl2,41,

C(1, 1) about P(-f, -2) in anticlockwtse directionon 5O'.

(c) Explain Perspecti\,€ Projection and variousp€rspective anomalies.

(d) How does 2-buffer algorithm determine whichsurfaces are hidden ?

.f

Mcs-053@ P.T.O.


(e)

Let R be a rectangular window whose lower left.'

hand mmer is at L (-3, l) and upper right hand

comer is at R (2, 6). Using Cohen Sutherland line

clipping algorithm, find the region codes Ior the end

points of the line segments. Also find the clipping

categories for the line segments AB and CD shown

above.

. Compare and contrast any turo of the following :

(0 AVI and MPEG video lile formats

(ii) Morphing and Panning

(iii) Hypertext and HyPermedia

Find equation ol Bez\er cuwe which passes through

points (0, 0) and (-2, 1) and is controlled through

points (6, 5) and (2, r).

(h) Write Pseudo code of DDA line generation

algorithm. What are ihe limitations of DDA line

generation algorithms ? Which algorithm was devised

to take over these limitations ?

5

5

G)

D(3,8)

11 c(-1,5)

Mcs-053o


2. (a)

3. (a)

(b)

(c)

Write the pseudocode of mid-point circle generation

algorithm. Use the algorithm to generate a circle of

radius 10 units centered at origin.

Prove that two successive translations are additirre ?

Also check whether two successive rotations are

additive or not ?

Due to proiection of an object on a proiection plane'

there is a loss of information associated with the

dimension along which it is proiected. Then how is

this loss of information compensated in the graphic

image ? Brie{ly describe the tools and techniques

available in graphics to compensate this loss of

information.

Find the new coordinates of a triangle A(1, 1),

B (3, 4) and C (1, 4) after it has been magnified by

twice its size and then translate it by -2 units along

x-axis,

Determine the transformation matrix which can be

obtained if we perform a rotation about y'axis for

the line A (0, 1, 1) and B (1, 3, 5) at an angle o{ 60"

in the clockwise direction.

What do you mean by foreshortening {actor ? How

does this foreshortening factor affect the generation

of different types of axonometric projections ?

Briefly discuss the matter using mathematical

exDressions.

(b)

(c)

MCS-053@ P . T . O .


4. (a)

(d)

5. (a)

(b)

(c)

Draw the Bezier crtwe and determine 3 arbitrarypoints on this curve. Given Po(l, l l, Pt(2,51,Pz(4, 5), Pr(6, 6) as control points of tte Beziercurve.

What is Scan-line algorithm in visible surfacedetection ? Explain with example.

Briefly describe the term Antialiasing. How doesantialiasing work to resolve the problem of aliasing ?

Differentiate between Diffused reflection andSpecular reflection.

How many frames does a turo-minute animation filmsequence, wtth no duplicates, require, if there are 5in-betweens for each pair of kdy frames ? What willbe the ans.per if frame duplicates are allowed ?

What do you mean by the term Authoring tools inmultimedia ? Briefly describe any two authodngtools.

Write short notes on (any l:oo) :(i) HectronicEncyclopedia

(ii) L-ossless Audio fonnats(iii) ProceduralAnimation

Compare and contrast (any troo) :

(i) Bitmap Graphic and Vector Graphic

(iil Morphing and Panning

(iii) Computer Generated Animation and ComnuterAssisted Animation

(b)

(c)

(d)

4

Mcs.o53@ 3,000


MC.A (Revised)


June, 2OO8

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDMULTIMEDLA

Time : 3 hours Maxlmum Marks : 700

Note : Question number 7 is compulsory' Attempt any

three questions from the rest.

l, (a) Compare and contrast Caligraphic display device

with the Raster scan display device. How can we use

frame buffer to control the intensity of the pixels ?

Use suitable diagram to discuss the control over

intensity. 5

(b) Explain Cohen - Sutherland algorithm for clipping

a line segment. What are the limitaHons of

Cohen - Sutherland algorithm ? How did

Cynrs - Beck algorithm owrtake these limitations ? . 5

(c) Explain the difference between Gouraud shading and

Phong shading. 5

(d) Compare and contrast Parallel projection with

Perspective proiection. 5

, M C S - O 5 3 P.T .O .


(e) Perform a 45' anticlockwise rotation of triangleA (0, 0), B (r, 1) and C (5, 2)

(i) about the origin.

(ii) abont poini P (-2, -2\.

How do we simulate acceleration in animation ?Briefly discuss the mathematical function inr;olved insimulating the accelerated animation. With the helpof the graph, describe how frame spacing isinfluenced by the function involved in production ofaccelerated animation.

What are the principal vanishing points for thestandard perspective projection ?

Briefly describe any tuto of the following fileformats :

(i) jpes

(ii) tiff

(iii) sif

(iv) bmp

What is the limitation of DDA line generation

algorithm ? What steps are required to plot a linewhose slope is b€tween 0" and 45o using Bresenham'sline girneration method ? Draw a line Joining (5, 4)and (11, 15) using the Bresenham's line generationalgorithm.

(s)

(h)

2. (a)

MCS-053


(b) Find a normalization transformation from the

window whose lower left comer is at (0,0) and the'

upper right comer is at (4, 3I on to normalized

device screen so that aspect ratios are preserved.

Explain the- dillercnce between parametric and

geometric continulties-

After translation by 2, perlorm 60" rotation of a

triangle (1, f), (2, 1) and (1, 2) about the poini

(0, -1) .

Obtain a transformation matrix for pe pective

projection for a given object projected onto X : 4

plane as viewed from (6, 0, 0).

Derive the transformation matrix for rotation about

x-axis in 3-D.

Briefly describe the term Bezier curve. How do

Bezier cufles contribute to the generation ol Bezler

surfaces. Give mathematical expression lor both

Bezier curves and surfaces. Give two utilities of each

i-e. Bezier curve and Bezier surface. Given po(1, 1);

v1Q, 4l; n2(3, 6); n3(4, 8) as control poinis oI a

Cubic Bezier curve, determine two points on the

Bezier curve .

What are the different polygon representation

methods ?

Describe basic ray tracing algorithm with example.

How does the term ray tracing differ from ray

castino ?

(c)

3. (a)

(b)

(c)

4. (a)

1 0(b)

(c)

MCS-053 P . T . O .


J. ta,

(b)

What is the need of separate multimedia authoring

tools ? Discuss the aitributes, benefits and drawbacks

of three types of authoring systems.

Write short notes on (any trlo) :

(i) Stochastic animation

(ii) Behaviouralanimalion

(iii) Sprite animation

Briefly discuss the Area Subdivision algorithm. Alsogive two applications of the algorithm.


(i) lGraphics and Animation

(ii) Printer and Plofter

(iii) Frame bu{fer and Display buffer

4

4

MCS-05 3 10.000


rf)O\OooO

MCA (Revised)


|une, 2009


Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : L00

Note : Question Number 1- is campulsory. Attempt any three

questions fro* the rest.

L. (u)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(")

(0

Define the term intensity interpolation ? SExplain Goroud shading.

Write Z-Buffer Algorithm for hidden surface 5

detection. Explain how this algorithm is

applied to determine the hidden surfaces.

Wlrat is image filtering ? \,t/hy is it required ? 5

Compute the intermediate points on the line 5

drawn from (0,0) to (5,10) using

Bresenham's algorithm.

What is the difference between parallel and 5

perspective projection? Categorize the

various gpes of parallel projections.

Explain the concept of window to view port 5

transformation with the help of suitable

diagram.

MCS-053 P.T.O.


(e) What is the advantage of using

homogenous coordinate system ? Write the

transformation matrix in homogenous

coordinate system for "xy-shear" about the

origin.

Why do we use an authoring tool in the

context of multimedia ? Explain the features

of any two types of authoring tools.

Explain the following terms with the help

of an example f diagram, if needed.

(i) Morphing

(ii) Tweening

(iii) Volume Rendering

(i") Fractual Models

Derive a generalzD transformation matrix

for rotation about the origin. Perform a 45"

rotation of a square having vertices A(0,0),

B(0,2), C(2,2), D(2,0), about the origin

Explain Cyrus Beck parametric line clipping

algorithm.

Derive the 2D-transformation matrix for

reflection about the line A=ntx, where m rs a

constant. Use this transformation matrix to

reflect the triangle A(0,0), B(1,1), C(2,0)about the line y=zx.

(h)

(a)2.

(b)

(a)3.

(.)

L 0

MCS-053


L 0(b) Explain pseudocode for Suther land

hodgman polygon cl ipping algor i thm.

Using this algorithm clip the following

polygon against the rectangular window

ABCD as given below.

\zVhat are the refreshing display devices ?

Describe the working principle of CRT

displays with the help of suitable diagram.

Differentiate between Random and Raster

Scan display devices.

Write the three main properties of Bezier

curve. Explain the condition for smoothly

joining two Bezier curve segments.

Explain the principle of Ray Tracing with

the help of a suitable diagram. List at least

four applications of Ray Tracing.

(u)4 .

(b)

(.)

MCS-053 P.T.O.


J . Explain the following terms with the help of 20

suitable diagram f example, if needed.

(u) Oblique Projection.

(b) Bezier Surfaces.

(c) Object-space approach in Visible-surface

detection.

(d) Specular Reflection.

(") Representational Animation.

(0 Hyper media.

(g) GIF File compression.

(h) Drawing & painting devices.

- o O o -

MCS-053


MCS-053

MCA (Revised)


-14 December, 2009

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS ANDON0 MULTIMEDIA


Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

questions from the rest.

1. (a) What are diffference(s) between Gourand 5and phong shading ?

Explain Cohen-sutherland line clipping 5

algorithm.

Explain the working principle of plasma 5panel displays. Give its advantages anddisadvantages.

Compute 2D transformation matrix for 5rotating a point (12,6) about the point (3,2)by an angle 30° in clockwise direction.

Compute coordinate points of circle drawn 5with centre at (0,0) and radius 5, usingmidpoint circle algorithm.

MCS-053

1 P.T.O.


Show that the simultaneous shearing 5shxy(a,b), is not same as the shearing inx-direction, shx(a) followed by a shearingin y-direction, shy(b).

Prove the following properties of Bezier 5curve.

P(u= 1) =

P'(0)= n (P1 — Po)

(h) Explain the formation of an image in vector 5graphics with the help of an example.Explain any two file formats that use vectorgraphics.

2. (a) List the features of the following multimedia 8tools :

Painting and Drawing tools

Image editing tools

3D-modelling and Animation tools

Sound editing tools

Explain the scan line polygon filling 7algorithm with the help of suitable diagram.

Define the term Ray casting. Explain any 5one method of ray casting.

MCS-053 2


3. (a) Derive a transformation matrix for a 7perspective projection of a point P (x,y,z)onto a x = 4 plane as viewed from E (6,0,0).

Why Bresenhams line drawing algorithm is 7better than DDA algorithm ? Draw a linesegment joining (4, 8) and (8, 10) usingBresenham line drawing algorithm.

Given four control points Po (2, 2) P1 (3, 4) 6P2 (5, 4) and P3 (4, 2) as vertices of Beziercurve. Determine four Points on BezierCurve.

4. (a) Explain the differences between the 8following :

Multimedia and interactivemultimedia

Hypertext and hypermedia.

MIDI and digitized audio

Procedural animation andrepresentational animation

Explain ambient and diffused reflection. 6Give general mathematical expression forthe combined effect of ambient and diffusedreflection.

What is frame buffer ? How can you use 6frame buffer for putting colour andcontrolling intensity on the display device ?

MCS-053

3 P.T.O.


5. (a) What is the advantage of using 8homogenous co-ordinate system ? Considerthe square (0, 0), (0, 2) (2,0), (2,2). Performa composite transformation of the square byusing the following steps. (Give thecoordinates of the square at eachintermediate steps ).

Scale by using Sx =2 and Sy =3

Rotate of 45° in the anticlockwisedirection

(iii) Translate by using Tx =3 and Tx =5

Why are hidden surface algorithm needed ? 5Explain scan-line method for visible surfacedetermination.

Derive a 30-transformation matrix for 7rotation relation matrices for about Z-axis,X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.

- o 0 o -

MCS-053 4


I MCS-053 INo. of Printed Pages : 4

MCA (Revised)

Term-End ExaminationNJune, 2010



Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three

questions from the rest.

1. (a) What are the number of memory bits 5required for 8 - bit plane frame buffer for a512 x 512 raster ? Also calculate the refreshrate for the same raster (512 x 512), if pixelsare accessed at the rate of 250 nano seconds.

Differentiate between Random and Raster 5

Scan display devices.

Use DDA line generation algorithm to draw 5a line from (2, 2) to (8, 6).

Derive a general transformation matrix for 53-D rotation about x-axis.

Perform a 45° rotation of a triangle A (1, 1), 5B (5, 1), C (3, 5) about an arbitrary point (3, 3).

MCS-053

1 P.T.O.


Explain any one method of polygon 5Representation with the help of an example.

How many key frames does a 45 seconds 5animation film sequence with no duplicationsrequire if there are four in between framesfor each pair of key frames ? What will

happen if duplication is allowed ?

(h) Why file Compression Techniques are 5beneficial in Computer Graphics ?

2. (a) Write a procedure to implement the 8Bresenham line generation algorithm. Whatare the advantages of this algorithm overthe DDA line generation algorithm ?

Differentiate between the following : 6

Graphics and Animation

Drawing and painting

What are the merits and demerits of 6Gourand Shading, constant shading andphong shading ?

3. (a) Explain all the four cases of Sutherland - 5Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm.

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Derive the 2-D transformation matrix for 10reflection about the line y= mx + c, wherem and c are constants. Use thistransformation matrix to reflect the triangleA (0, 0), B (4, 0) and C (4, 4) about the line

y = 2x + 5.

Discuss different file formats used for 5multimedia applications.

4. (a) Explain z-buffer algorithm for visible surface 3

detection.

Explain the terms window and viewport in 8the context of clipping. Derive a generaltransformation matrix for window toviewport mapping.

Explain the following with suitable diagram : 9

Ambient Reflection

Diffuse Reflection

Specular Reflection

5. (a) Obtain a transformation matrix for 8perspective projection for a given objectprojected onto x = 5 plane as viewed from[8, 0, 0].

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3 P.T.O.


(b) Differentiate between the following : 6

(i) Morphing and panning

Motion Specific animation andMotion Generalised animation.

(c)

Given Po (1, 2), P1 (2, 3), P2 (4, 3), P3 (3, 2)as vertices of Bezier curve, determine5 points on Bezier curve.

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No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-053

MCA (Revised)

(NI Term-End Examination t∎- 0 June, 2011 NI. 0

MCS-053 : COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA


Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Attempt any three questions from the rest.

1. (a) Differentiate between the following. 4

(i) Graphics and Animation

(ii) Printer and Plotter

(b) Write DDA line drawing algorithm and use 4

the same to produce a line segment from (1, 1) to (9, 7)..

(c) Use the Sutherland - Hodgman polygon 4 clipping algorithm to clip the LABC given below.

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(d) Find the transformation matrix for the 4 reflection about the line y = 4x.

(e) What is "Projection" in computer graphics ? 4 Categories the various types of projections.

(f) Prove the following, for Bezier curves 4

(i) P(u = 0) = po

/Bo (IL) =1 i=0

(g) How does the Z-buffer algorithm determines 4 which surfaces are hidden.

(h) Differentiate between Ray tracing and Ray 4 casting.

(i) Determine the expression of frame spacing, 4 which can be used to simulate positive

acceleration in any animation.

(j) Explain any two types of each of the 4 following.

(i) Loss less audio formats

(ii) Authoring tools

2. (a) How Raster scan display devices are 5 different from Random scan display

devices ? Can we use frame buffers to

control picture colour and intensity, justify

your answer with suitable arguments.

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(b) How Bresenham line generation 5 algorithm overcomes the limitations of DDA algorithm ? Use Bresenham line generation algorithm to draw a line segment from (15, 5) to (20, 9).

(c) How Cohen Sutherland line clipping 10 algorithm differs from the Cyrus Beck line clipping algorithm ? Discuss all 3 cases of line clipping, which arise in cohen Sutherland line algorithm. Draw suitable diagram to discuss the cases.

3. (a) Explain the terms "Parametric Continuity" 5 and "Geometric Continuity" in Bezier curves.

(b) Discuss Area Subdivision Method. What 8 are the conditions to be satisfied, in Area subdivision method, so that it is finalized that no further surface division is required ?

(c) Explain the following : 7

(i) Phong Shading.

(ii) Anti Aliasing.

4. (a) How many key frames does a 30 seconds 5 animation film sequence with no duplicates require ? How the results are affected if five in between frames are inserted between each pair of key frames ?

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(b) Explain the following : 5

(i) Morphing

(ii) Cel Animation

(c) Differentiate between the following : 5

(i) Bitmap graphics and vector graphics

(ii) Hypertext and Hypermedia

(d) What are Authoring tools ? What are the 5 various types of authoring tools available ? Discuss any one of them.

5. (a) Find final coordinates of the AABC, 7 A (— 3, 0) ; B( — 1, 1) ; C( — 1, —1) when it is subjected to clock wise rotation of 45° about an axis passing through an arbitrary point P(— 1, 1). Draw suitable figure to demonstrate your solution.

(b) Prove that two successive rotations are 3 additive i.e. R(01).R(02) = R(01 + 02). Draw suitable diagram to demonstrate your solution.

(c) Derive a general perspective transformation 10 matrix with respect to an arbitrary centre of projection, C(a, b, c). Obtain the perspective transformation matrix onto Z = — 5 plane, where the centre of projection is at (0, 0, 18).

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MCA (Revised) Term-End Examination June, 2OO7 … (Revised) Term-End Examination June, 2OO7 MCS-053 O : GOMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA ... using Bresenham line generation algorithm