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Focus on the North and the West
Market RevolutionFirst Half of the Nineteenth Century
West
Search for Cheap Land and new opportunities
Immigrants
Ralph Waldo Emerson - “Self Reliance”
Exhausting the Soil
0
4500000
9000000
13500000
18000000
1790 1820 1840
Population of America
Immigration
“Land of Freedom and Opportunity”
“American Letters”
Rate of Immigrants to America
0
650000
1300000
1950000
2600000
1840s 1850s
Irish Immigration
Potato Famine
Swarmed to America
Too poor to move west
Settled in seaboard cities (Boston and New York)
“No Irish Need Apply”
German Immigrants
Between 1830 and 1860 over a million and a half Germans stepped onto America soil
Farmers and Political Refugees
Many will be able to move west!
Anti-Foreignism
“Nativists”
American Native Association (1837)
Opposition to Roman Catholics
Know-Nothing Party (American Party)
Wealth and Population now in the North
Market Revolution in the North
Changes in the Economy and Workforce
The Factory System
“The Father of the Factory System” - Samuel Slater
New England was looked upon the center for Industrial growth
Interchangeable Parts - Eli Whitney
Working in the Factories
Long Hours
Low Wages
Unsanitary Conditions
Child Labor
Unionize?Commonwealth v.
Hunt
Lowell SystemWomen in Factory Jobs
Changing Role of WomenLowell System (Young Girls)
“Cult of Domesticity”
“Women’s Sphere”
“Domestic Feminism”
Close connection between the West and North
Impact in the West New Farming Techniques and Settlement in the
west
Transportation
Cumberland Road
Steamboats
Canal System
Erie Canal 1817-1825
“Clinton’s Big Ditch” Linked the Great
Lakes with the Hudson River
The “Iron Horse”