Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport...Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport UN ECE Round Table of Use of Gas in Transport ... biomethane

Rotterdam, December 2010 11

Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport

UN ECE Round Table of Use of Gas in Transport21st Annual SessionGeneva, 18-19 January, 2011

Manuel Lage, Dr. Eng.General Manager


Advantages of bio natural gas

• Natural gas is an alternative fuel coming from natural wells. It is mainly methane (CH4)

• Biogas is also a methane rich gas, produced by the fermentation of the biomass, it is then a renewable fuel.

• Methane contents 25% H and 75% C, in weight

As a comparison,

• Petrol contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C

• Diesel oil contents 13,5% H and 86,5% C

• LPG contents 17,4% H and 82,6% C

Due to its molecular advantage, regulated exhaust emissions and CO2 are particularly favourable in the engines running on natural gas.


Emissions IVECO CURSOR 8 CNG engine vs present and future Euro lEmissions IVECO CURSOR 8 CNG engine vs present and future Euro limitsimits(Source: IVECO) (Source: IVECO)

5,45

0,78

1,60

5,00

0,16

0,50

3,50

0,03

4,00

1,10

3,00

0,400,65

0,02

1,55

0,01 0,008

0,53

1,10

4,00

2,00

0,03

0,50

2,00

0,00220,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

CO NMHC CH4 NOX PT

Exhaust pollutants

Emis

sion

(Gr)

, g/k

Wh

EURO 3 (2001)

EURO 4 (2006)

EURO 5 (2009)

E.E.V.

IVECO

CNG. Other Emissions Comparison


7.0 m

Vehicle #1: IVECO 240E25 6x2 RSUVehicle #2: IVECO 240E26 6x2 RSU CNG (EEV)

Refuse collection chassis cab with bodyVehicles laden and compactingVehicles stationary

606264666870727476

1 2 3 4 5 6

Vehicle #1 Vehicle #2dB(A)

1

2

3

4

5

6

(position)

Ave71 dB(A)

Ave66 dB(A)

Microphoneheight = 1.5 m

Noise emitted by the truck

5

NOx 132.391 kgCO + HC + PM 703.000 kgCO2 2.069.440 kg

Madrid CNG refuse collection fleet

Total fleet in 2006: 445 Iveco CNG trucksYearly gas consumption: 10.500.000 Nm3

Reduction of yearly emissions, referred to a Diesel Euro 3:


CNG urban buses

Irisbus Iveco CITYCLASS CNG 12 & 18 m280 CV. Stoichiometric turbo engine. EEV certified

Mercedes Citaro CNG250 HP. Lean mix engine turbocharged. EEV certified

Tedom 12 m. CNG bus300 HP. Turbocharged. EEV certified


CNG urban trucks and buses in Europe

135 315 418 847 11401300133320002334

8000

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Nether

lands

Portuga

lGree

ceSpain

Sweden

German

y Tur

key

France

Italy

Russia

CNG Garbage trucks in Europe•France approx. 600 Euro 2 - EEV•Switzerland approx. 20 Euro 3 - EEV•Italy approx. 600 Euro 3 - EEV•Spain approx. 1000 Euro 3-4-5 - EEV

CNG Urban buses in Europe (+Turkey, Russia) In Europe, most of the heavy vehicles running on NG are urban, using CNG/biomethane.

Volume and weight of the CNG tanks limit their use in road transport.


Wide offer of European NGVsCitroen

Citroën C3 1.4 Style bivalent

Citroën BerlingoMultispace Plus

Bivalent

Fiat

Fiat Doblò 1.6 16V Natural Power

Fiat Panda Panda 1.2 8V Natural Power

Fiat Doblò CargoSX 1.6. 16V

Natural Power

Fiat Doblò Cargo SX Maxi 1.6 16V Natural

Power

Ford C-Max 2.0 CNG

Ford Focus 2.0 CNG

Ford Transit 2.3 CNG

Ford

Fiat Grande Punto 1.4 8V

Natural Power

Mercedes

Mercedes Benz B170 NGT

Mercedes Benz E200 NGT

Mercedes Sprinter 316 NGT + 516 NGT

Opel

Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoFLEX

Opel Combo Tour 1.6 ecoFLEX

Opel Combo 1.6 CNG ecoFlex

Kastenwagen

Volkswagen

Volkswagen CaddyLife 2.0 Ecofuel

Volkswagen Touran1.4 TSI EcoFue

Opel Zafira 1.6 ecoFLEX Turbo

Volkswagen Caddy Maxi Life 2.0 EcoFuel

Volkswagen Passat 1.4 TSI EcoFuel

Volkswagen Caddy1.6 CNG Van


NGVs World Market growth. 1991 to 2020

0

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

80.000

1.9911.9931.9951.9971.9992.001200

3200

5200

7200

9201

1201

3201

5201

7201

9202

1202

3202

5W

orld

wid

e N

GVs

(.00

0)

10 years15% annual growth

6 years26% annual growth

13 years, assuming 18% annual growth

20011,7 M NGVs

20077 M NGVs

202065 M NGVs(9% market share)


The bright future of NGV’s

• The DG MOVE (EU) is preparing a white paper with the title:Report of the European Expert Group on Future Transport Fuels Fuelsin which there is a significant support to the NG, following the contributions given by NGVA Europe, the only NGV expert invited to the group.

• The development of NGV’s in the medium and long term future, other than the existing and well established technologies, will be wide and following five additional main lines:

– CNG Hybrid Vehicles– Dual Fuel Technology for heavy duties– Biogas– LNG for trucks and buses– Methane-Hydrogen mixtures


CNG Hybrid Urban buses

Castrosua TEMPUS CNG Hybrid.New urban bus presented in FIAA Madrid (November 2010)

Tata Starbus CNG Hybrid, to be produced in Europe by:Tata Hispano, Zaragoza, Spain.

The municipality of Madrid has already passed orders for 23 CNG-Hybrid buses:• 13 Castrosua • 10 Tata Hispano.


Dual Fuel technology available

• Dual fuel systems have been developed to substitute a major part of diesel for natural gas in heavy duty engines, keeping the Diesel cycle

• Retrofit market considered too for EURO 2 and 3 vehicles• Full diesel operation is available, when run out of CNG • The natural gas injection system is electronically controlled with a separate ECU.

• Legislation still under development• Dual fuel system is an alternative to dedicated NG engines

Members of NGVA Europe offering Dual Fuel technologies:


Biogas production potential

Among different options of biofuels, biomethane presents the highest efficiency per hectare of land.A global European estimation shows a potential of 2.750 TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe), made out of 1.500 TWh (5,4 EJ=130Mtoe) coming from crops, plus another 1.250TWh (4,5EJ=1.108Mtoe) coming from other sources: sewage, manure, landfills, etc.

If we choose bioethanol instead of biogas we would loose the potential of the waste, sewages, etc (1.250TWh, 4,5EJ=108Mtoe) and we would also reduce the efficiency of the land by 47%.In other words we would obtain 800TWh (2,9EJ=70Mtoe) instead of 2.750TWh (9,9EJ=238Mtoe).

EU is still missing a European legislation for the injection of biomethane in the NG grid.NGVA Europe is working also in the next legislation about the gas quality.


200 bar

200 bar

200 bar

200 bar

200 barDiesel oil

LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)NG with a high energy density

1 litre

5 litreCNG

1,8 litre-162OC

LNG

LNG opens the way for the medium and long distance road transport

Diesel vs CNG & LNGAutonomy equivalence


First in Europe LBG (Liquid Bio Gas) truck

Rolande LNG B.V. made this concept to work by converting, in close cooperation with the OEM, an IVECO Stralis CNG into a truck being capable to run on LNG/LBG. Rolande LNG B.V. provided not only the know how but also the special cryogenic tanks and heat exchanger. LBG is made from gas coming out of a landfill. It gives better emission levels than EEV or Euro 5 diesel engines. LBG CO2 emissions (Well to Wheel) are by far the best alternative to any other bio fuel currently available (up to 80% CO2 reduction compared to diesel).

Rolande LNG B.V., a specialist in supplying LNG and LBG for road transport applications, has recently introduced the first truck running on Liquid Bio Gas.

The truck is being used to show and promote the many advantages of LBG as fuel: It is cleaner (better than future Euro 6), quieter (5 dba lower noise level than a diesel) and up to 80% CO2 neutral! There is no better and economic alternative today. LBG can save between 2 and 5 €cents per km. The truck can run more than 1.200 km before refuelling.


Refueling Stations L-CNGLleida - Spain


LNG supply to Europe


The “LNG Blue Corridors”

The availability of LNG all around the Iberian Peninsula, plus the French port of Fos (Marseille), and the Italian ones of Panigaglia (near Genova) and Revigo (near Trieste) constitutes a fantastic existing infrastructure to cover all the supply needs for road transport around the Mediterranean arch.

Another corridor could also be imagined from Portugal and Spain to the north of France, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, north of Germany and Denmark, once all the LNG terminals, now under construction, will be in service.


Methane/Hydrogen mixtures

Methane/Hydrogen mixture (Hythane, Hydrometano) offers a number of significant advantages as a bridge solution for a future hydrogen fuelled transport:

–It can be used in the existing NGV engines and vehicles with minor engine resetting

–The inboard fuel storage uses the same type of tanks and fittings, with some specification changes in materials

–The H2 content considered (up to 30%) does not alter the autonomy of the vehicles

–There is an immediate impact as CO2 emission reduction (- 11%)–The use of compressed H2 in a “large” basis will push ahead the

development of the hydrogen production and logistics


Conclusions

• Natural gas (methane) is an excellent energy vector, with the lowest Carbon to Hydrogen ratio of all the hydrocarbons. Additionally natural gas is an alternative fuel, having a different origin from the traditional oil derived diesel, petrol and LPG

• Natural gas is used in existing internal combustion engines, with minor additional investments, taking advantage of a well known and mature car & commercial vehicle technology. Dual Fuel technology offers the possibility of conversion for existing engines

• The increasing production of biomethane, both from urban waste and from agricultural stuff is giving natural gas the new and valuable consideration of a renewable fuel

• Natural gas has been used so far as CNG mainly for urban applications. The availability of LNG will spread its use for medium and long distances road transport

• Methane/Hydrogen mixtures, that could be used the existing NGVs will become the bridge to a potential hydrogen fuelled transport

• NG vehicles are today the best and most economic alternative to oil derived fuels, also improving gaseous and acoustic emissions.


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Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport...Market potential for the use of LNG & L-CNG in road transport UN ECE Round Table of Use of Gas in Transport ... biomethane