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Copernicus Institute
Mapping the potential of BIPV in Europe
Wilfried van SarkUtrecht University
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development
IEA PVPS Task 15 at 35th EU PVSEC Brussels, Belgium
“BIPV – bridging the gap between PV industry supply and construction industry demand”
Copernicus Institute
Contents! Introduction
! BIPV potential
! Mapping potential! the Dutch case
! Conclusions
2
Copernicus Institute
Why (BI)PV?! Buildings: 40% of total energy use! European Performance of Buildings
Directive: all new buildings (near) zero-energy buildings by 2020
! UPDATE 2018: revised EPBD also includes renovation
! LARGE area needed for PV energy generation
Buildings residential
21%
Buildings commercial
18%Industry 33%
Transport28%
3
Copernicus Institute
Roof and façade potential
! Based on building statistics! Suitability factor
! roof 0.4! south (!) façade 0.2
Total EU:5000 km2
950 GWp
Defaix et al. , Solar Energy (2012)
!
0
200
400
600
800
1000km2
AT BE BG CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK
Roof surface Façade surface
1000
800
600
400
200
0
area
(km
2 )
4
Copernicus Institute
! Building Integrated PV: 2.3 GWp! 2015, ~1% of total PV capacity! Europa: 1 GWp (France, Italy)
! >11 GWp predicted in 2020 ! Europa: 4.8 GWp (44% of global market)! NL: 0.3-0.5 GWp [Roadmap Berenschot]
BIPV market
!"
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NL
Source: (Global Industry Analysts, 2015)5
Copernicus Institute
Global BIPV market growth
02018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
US
$ B
illio
n
Walling
Glass
Roofing
Balliff et al, Nature Energy 2018 (based on n-tech research, 2017)
6
!"!#
11.6
2018
Copernicus Institute
(n-tech research, 2018)7
Copernicus Institute
Paradigm shift in potentials?! Area: km2
! Power: GWp! Money: US$ billion
! kWh/m2/year
"#$%&#'(!"!#$%)&*#+,-./
8
Copernicus Institute
Energy potential depends onIrradiation! Location (latitude/longitude)! Orientation! Tilt! Surroundings
BIPV products! Efficiency! Transparency
Amsterdam Zuid, © ANP
9
Copernicus Institute
Irradiation mapping: Lisbon
Brito
et
al.,
Rene
wab
le E
nerg
y 20
17
Façades
Façades
Roofs Roofs
10
Copernicus Institute
BIPV products:efficiency and transparency:
application requirements
Trav
erse
et
al.
Nat
ure
Ener
gy 2
017
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 20 40 60 80 100
PCE
(%)
AVT (%)
Facade-integrated PV
Window-integrated
PV
Mul
timed
ia m
obile
disp
lays
Electronicsmart
windows
Low-powerdisplays
Aut
omot
ive
b
Effic
ienc
y (%
)
Transparency visible (%)11
Copernicus Institute
Folkerts et al., Roadmap PV systemen en toepassingen, 2017 See talk on Friday, 8:30: 7EO3.2
230 GWp
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!! !
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'
12
Copernicus Institute
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Off-shore
Land basedAgriculture, forest, nature, recreational
Built environment
On water
Part of area covered with PV
Folk
erts
et a
l., R
oadm
ap P
V s
yste
men
en t
oepa
ssin
gen,
201
7
Total 100,000 km2, ~1% PV13
Copernicus Institute
BIPV potential buildingstotal: 90 GWp
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façades: 200 km2 ! 33 GWp! 19.4 TWh/year~15% of total demand
14
Copernicus Institute
How to get thereDutch National Research Agenda! Portfolio for research and innovation
! Route Energy Transition! Buildings as power plant
and vehicles as energy buffers! Every surface generates
sustainable energy
! Innovate and implement
15
Copernicus Institute
Power from roofs and façades
BAPV ! BIPV ! POWER
Physee16
Copernicus Institute
Conclusions! Whatever unit, BIPV potential is HUGE
! Driver is EPBD
! Remapping of potential is needed using 3D tools
17
