Map 89 ArmeniaCompiled by S.E. Kroll (Iran), M. Roaf, St J. Simpson and T. Sinclair (Turkey), 1996

Introduction

Turkey

The Roman empire occupied parts of the area covered by the map, and from 591 nearly all of it. Moreover,irrespective of political hegemony, the Armenian and Syrian regions here were by virtue of culture and religion anextension of the Greek and Roman world.

Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods was bounded to the west by the R. Euphrates and to the south bythe Taurus mountains, apart from the upper Tigris basin (districts of Ingilene, Sophanene and Arzanene). The area to thesouth of the Taurus was not considered part of Armenia nor settled by Armenians, but was inhabited by Syrians. Thenorthern edge of the map more or less coincides with the boundary of Armenia in the Roman and Late Antique periods,except towards the east, where significant districts of Armenia–the plain east of the R. Araxes and the mountainous areaaround Lychnitis Limne–lie within Map 88.

The parts of Armenia on Map 89 consist mostly of plains separated by mountains and hills. Elevation rises fromwest to east, reaching about 5,000 ft in the Thospitis Limne basin. It drops, however, in the basin of Matiane Limne andthe Araxes plain further north; these two areas were part of Atropatene during classical antiquity, but were counted withinArmenia by the early seventh century A.D. (they are now in Iranian Azerbaijan). Despite its height and partlymountainous nature, the terrain of Armenia was capable of supporting a large and quite evenly dispersed population.Pottery surveys, together with such excavation as has taken place, show that Armenia was most densely populated duringthe Roman period, with the exception of the Thospitis Limne region, where the pre-Achaemenid Urartian occupation wasthe most active.

Archaeological excavation over the whole area, within classical Armenia or beyond, has been largely confined torescue work behind the dams on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, and to pre-Achaemenid sites elsewhere. Pottery surveysapart, surface-instrument survey of sites, as opposed to standing monuments, has been mostly limited to Urartiansettlements. This said, Atropatene is an exception on both counts. More systematic excavation work could well lead tomore complete and satisfactory identification of known toponyms, and would certainly permit a better-balanced picture ofoccupation with the inclusion of significant unnamed sites. Except in Atropatene, virtually none of the unnamed sitesexcavated counts as significant at this scale.

For the most part, the toponyms known from Greek and Latin sources occur in texts which–from a geographicperspective–are highly unsystematic. They are therefore supplemented selectively by Armenian and Syriac names.

Iraq and Syria

The difficulties of working with limited evidence (both written and material) in this general area, as outlined inthe Introduction to Map 91, apply here likewise. The standard study of the region during classical antiquity is theimportant and useful work of Dillemann (1962). Unfortunately, however, many of his proposals cannot beconfirmed, and his locations for ancient toponyms (except in a few cases) are disputed.

Although large numbers of churches and monasteries are recorded in texts (Fiey 1965), relatively few of themcan be identified with existing ruins, and even fewer such sites can be shown to have existed before the Islamicperiod.

The road system is discussed by Dillemann (1962) and Oates (1968; 1990). Only small fragments ofconstructed roads have been discovered, and none of these is securely dated. Bridges have been identified as Roman,although they may date to a later period. Some milestones have been found, but perhaps not in situ. “Hollow ways”identified on the plains of northern Iraq and Syria (Wilkinson 1995) may indicate the positions of ancient routes.

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1269

There is no evidence for large-scale canal building except in the river valleys. A canal (not marked)investigated between Tell Sahlan and Tell Hammam al-Turkmen in the R. Balihu valley has been dated byexcavation to the Hellenistic period (Gerritsen 1996). In all likelihood, during classical times, as today, canals wereconstructed to irrigate the river valleys.

Iran

See Introduction to Map 90.

DirectoryAll place names are in Turkey unless otherwise noted

Abbreviations

GCyp ...G H. Gelzer (ed.), Georgii Cyprii Descriptio Orbis Romani, Teubner, Leipzig, 1890 (for passagesomitted from Honigmann’s edition)

GCyp ...H E. Honigmann (ed.), Le Synekdèmos d’Hiéroklès et l’opuscule géographique de Georges de Chypre,Brussels, 1939

TIB Kappadokien F. Hild and M. Restle, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 2, Kappadokien (Kappadokia, Charsianon,Sebasteia und Lykandos), DenkWien 149, 1981

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B2 Abarne L Çermik GCyp 931H; Honigmann 1935, 35C3 Aborras/

Chaboras fl.SYR / TKY See Map 91

D1 Abos M. R Bingöl Dağ Strabo 11.14.2, 13; T. SinclairE1 Acachia L Tutak? GeogRav 2.9; T. SinclairE3 Ad fl. Tigrim L Cizre Dillemann 1962, 160

Ad Pontem? = Tel AfarC3 Ad Tygrem/

AmidaL/L

Diyarbakır Palmer 1990; Sinclair 1996, VII.2

D1 Adconfluentes L Köprüköy Manandian 1965, 91, 96-98F4 Adiabene IRQ See Map 91C3 Adipte L 4 miles E Bismil? Sinclair 1996, VII.2

Aegea = ElegeiaB1 Aga M. R mountains between

Derzene plain and SatalaRE Xerxene, col. 2094; T. Sinclair

F2 Aghtamar L Aghtamar Garsoian 1989, 438C3 Ain al-Qerd ACHR SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 38E4 Ain Sinu/

Zagurae?§ Zogorra?

RL?/R?LL

Ain al-Shaheed IRQ Oates 1968, 73-92

Dillemann 1962, 136H3 Ain-i Rum tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, UR 107B3 Aisoumas M. L Karaca Dağ Honigmann 1935, 25D2 Akbas L Başka Kale Honigmann 1935, 24-25, 27; T. SinclairA1 Akilisene HR districts of Kemah and

Eriza in upper R.Euphrates valley, and ofOvacık to S Kemah

Adontz 1970, 43-45

G2 Aladagh Qal'eh RL near Var village IRN Kleiss 1979, 202-203, 233-34B4 Alagma R near R. Balikh SYR T. Feyter

Alaina? = Tell HayalE2 Alarodioi C Lake Van region Hewsen 1983, 126, 129-31, 133G2 Alouaka R Başkale? Ptol. 6.2.10B1 Altıntepe CL Summers 1993, 88-95

Amida = Ad Tygrem

1270 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Ammodios/Amouda

§ Ammidios§ Ammodion§ Amudis§ Chanmaudi?

R?L/R?L

L

Amuda SYR Dillemann 1962, 159

Dilleman 1962, 136B1 Anaetica Regio R vicinity Erzincan Russell 1987, 248; T. Sinclair

Anastasioupolis = DaraE1 Andaga L Dellalhanı?, S Endek Manandian 1965, 91, 97-98; T. SinclairB1 Ani RL Kemah ItMiller 676, 679, 682; Garsoian 1989, 442

Antiochia = NisibisB3 Antiochia Arabis/

Antoninopolis/Tella/Constantia/Maximianopolis

R/RL/L/L/L

Viranşehir RE Antiocheia 9; RE Antoninopolis;Honigmann 1935, 21;Dillemann 1962, 107

B1 Antitaurus M. HR Antitaurus RE AntitaurosAntoninopolis = Antiochia

ArabisRL

B2 Anzita RL Tilenzit (renamed Korluca) Ptol. 5.12.8;Sinclair 1989a, 103-104, 137, 139

B2 Anzitene RL Elazığ plain andneighboring W bank ofupper R. Euphrates

Adontz 1970, 27-32

D2 *Aphoumon/Kish

L/L

Zercel Kale GCyp 939H; Sinclair 1996, VIII.3

D2 Apostoli, Mon. L Arak kilisesi Thierry 1976[Apqu] = Tell Abu Marya*Aquae Frigidae =

MeiacarireAr(a)ban = Shadikanni

B3 Arabia L Tektek Dağ and district of Viranşehir

Dillemann 1962, 77; T. Sinclair

C3 Arade HRL SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 25F1 Araxenon Pedion HR plain of R. Araxes N Mt.

Ararat and W ArtaxataGarsoian 1989, 451-52; T. Sinclair

E1 Araxes fl. See Map 90Arba-ilu = ArbelaArban = Shadikanni

D4 Arbayestan/Beth Arbaye

§ Bearbaes?

RL

L

Morony 1982, 6-10

Dillemann 1962, 72G4 Arbela/

Arba-ilu§ Arbelitis§ Artakene?

CHRL/AC

Erbil IRQ RLAss Arbil; EncIran

RERE

‘Arcaiapis’ = CharchaD2 Archene R W end of Malazgirt plain Markwart 1930, 76-77

*Arda? = *ArtalesF2 Arest/

DagnevanaL/L

Bendimahi Garsoian 1989, 445; Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1;T. Sinclair

Aretissa L. = Arsissa L.E3 *Aribacha L Eskieruh? GCyp 940H; Honigmann 1935, 30-31;

T. SinclairC2 *Arkathiokerta/

‘Artagigarta’/Baras/Basileon Phrourion/Ingila

HR/R/L/L/L

Eğil Hübschmann 1904, 304; RE Καρκαθιόκερτα;Dillemann 1962, 121

E1 Armanas L Tahir or nearby Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. SinclairC1 Armenia CHRL REG2 Arnay? L N Salmas IRN Eremyan 1961, 37, 53

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1271

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E2 Arreston Klima L Rshtunik, district ofVastauna

Adontz 1970, 11

B3 Arsameia H Gerger Kale RE 3; Dörner 1939, 16-29, 86-91B2 Arsamosata HRL Haraba RE; Sinclair 1989a, 112-15, 136-37B2 Arsanias fl.

§ Arsinos? fl.HRLL

lower R. Euphrates (MuratSu)

RE 1Procop., Bell. 1.17.21

F1 Arsesa/Elegosine

R plain of Erciş RE Elegosine; RE Tigris 1, col. 1010;Hewsen 1992, 333; T. Sinclair

B2 Arsinia L (Eski) Ergani? ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 265-66F2 Arsissa/

Aretissa L.§ Arsakis Limne§ Arsene L.

HR/R

L. Erçek RE; T. Sinclair

‘Artagigarta’ =*Arkathiokerta

C1 *Artales/*Arda?

L/L

citadel of Kiğı GCyp 957G; Honigmann 1935, 16-17;Sinclair 1989a, 130-31, 142-43; 1990, 372;T. Sinclair

G1 Artaxata§ Neronias

HRL peninsula in R. Aras, nearAralik ARM

RE

F2 Artemita R Edremit Hewsen 1982, 140Arxama = Arzamon

H1 Arxata H?R Shahtakht? RE; R.H. HewsenC4 Arzamon fl. L Zergan Whitby 1986, 242C3 Arzamon/

Arxama§ Arcamo

RL/RLL

Harzem RE; Dillemann 1962, 103, 159

D2 Arzanene L upper Tigris basin ENymphios fl.

Dillemann 1962, 121-23

H2 Arziyayad tepe CH SE Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 5D2 Ashtishat RL Derik Garsoian 1989, 449-50B4 (As)Syria See Map 3C2 Astaunitis/

AsthianeneR/L

Euphrates plain aroundBingöl

Garsoian 1989, 467-68

C2 Attachas L Antağ, formerly Hattakh GCyp 938H; Honigmann 1935, 37D1 Autisparate/

TheodosiopolisL/L

Erzurum RE Theodosiopolis 2;Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair

F1 Bagauna/‘Sagouana’§ ‘Raugonia’

RL/L

Üç Kilise EncIran 1.428; Garsoian 1989, 452

ItMiller 677E1 Bagrauandene R plain of Ağrı Garsoian 1989, 452-53

Baioulous = BalisbigaB2 Balabitene L plain of Palu Hewsen 1992, 155 (n. 34)E4 Balad/

ShahrabadhR?L/RL

Eski Mosul IRQ EncIs; Morony 1982

G3 Balajuk tepe CH near Lur village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 7*Balaleisa = Cymiza

B4 Balihu/Balissus fl.

SYR / TKY See Map 67

B2 Balisbiga/Baioulous

R/L

Palu Ptol. 5.12.7; Howard-Johnston 1989, 223;T. Sinclair

Balissus fl. = Balihu fl.‘Balouos’ = Cymiza

C3 *Banabela L Numan Bey Kalesi aboveBenabil

GCyp 924H; Honigmann 1935, 35

H3 Baranduz tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, UR 55E1 Barantea L Horasan? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. Sinclair

Baras = *ArkathiokertaB3 Barbare

§ ‘Barabeta’L Mohammed Khan? ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 171-73;

T. SinclairB2 Barsalium

§ BarzalaRL Killik RE Barsalion

1272 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G1 Barun Qal'eh CH near Imam Quli KandiIRN

Kleiss 1976, 36; Kroll 2000, MK 47

F4 Ba'shiqa L IRQ Morony 1982, 14Basileon Phrourion =

*ArkathiokertaBassiane = Phasiane

G2 Bastam ARL near Bastam village IRN Kroll 1988G4 Batas-Harir R IRQ Boehmer 1973F4 Bavian H?R? IRQ Mathiesen 1992, 184-85D4 Beberaci L. R?L Lake Khatuniya SYR ItMiller 781-82; Oates 1990, 231-32D3 Beioubaitha

§ BeioudaesL Fafe GCyp 930H

Palmer 1990, 23, 152 (n. 25)Beth Arbaye = Arbayestan

E3 Bezabde/Zabdaion Chorion

L/L

Hendek RE Bezabde; RE Zabdicene, col. 2202;Algaze 1989, 250-52; T. Sinclair

C3 Birthon/Virta?§ Birthas?

L/R?L

Mirdon? GCyp 937H; RE Birtha 2;Honigmann 1935, 14, 37

C1 Bizana/Leontopolis

L/L

in S part of Tercan plain RE; Adontz 1970, 16-17, 133, 136;T. Sinclair

Bouana = ThospiaF4 Boumelos? fl.

§ Bumodus fl.CHR perhaps R. Khazir and R.

Gomel IRQRE Gaugamela, cols. 862-63

C4 Bouron fl. L Dara Whitby 1986, 44 (n. 2)

E2 Calata L Ahlat? RED1 Calcidava L Ilıca Manandian 1965, 91, 98-99; T. SinclairB4 Carrhae ACHRL Altınbaşak, formerly

HarranSee Map 67

Carsa(g)is = Chorsabia*Castellum Arabum =

ShadikanniD3 Castra Maurorum L forts of Sapha, on Izzeddin

Dağ, 'Abra, and camp of Lêlân

Poidebard 1934, 159-60; T. Sinclair

G1 Catispi/Hatsiun

L/L

Hatsiun IRN ItMiller 748, 781; Honigmann 1935, 29;Kleiss 1979a

Chaboras fl. = Aborras fl.E1 Chadas L Eleşkirt or nearby Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. SinclairC3 Charcha/

‘Arcaiapis’/Karcharoman

RL/L/L

Üçtepe, formerly Kerh Honigmann 1935, 25; Sinclair 1996, VII.2

Chasira? = HarizaG2 Chauon/

Kaputa/Gobdi

§ Choda§ Her§ [Huwaij]§ Kapauta§ Kapoutan

HRL/R/L

Khoy IRN RE; Schwarz 1969, 1079-83;Hewsen 1982, 139-40

D2 Chlomaron CL Golamasya Sinclair 1996, VIII.3Chlomaron = TigranocertaCholimma = Tigranocerta

A1 Chorsabia/Carsa(g)is§ Elegarsina?

See Map 64

C1 Chorz(i)ane(ne) L river system of upper PeriSu

Adontz 1970, 14-15; Hewsen 1992, 155(n. 28)

A1 Chosomachon See Map 64D2 Chothaitai L in Khoyt district in Taurus

Mts.GCyp 946G

B1 *Chozana L Ulu Kale GCyp 951G; T. Sinclair

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1273

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C2 Coissa L Şerbetin ItMiller 739; Sinclair 1989a, 285-86D3 Colchana

§ ‘Kolsa’LR

Kelleha Tarlası Dillemann 1962, 165; Sinclair 1996, VII.2;T. Sinclair

F1 Colchion L near Ağrı Manandian 1965, 91, 97; T. SinclairB2 Colchis RL? Yukarı Huh ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair

‘Coloceia’ = *ZolocertaCommisimbela? = Tell

SahlanConstantia =Antiochia

ArabisCorduena = GordyeneCorvilu = Korra

E2 Cymiza/*Balaleisa/‘Balouos’

L/L/L

Bitlis GCyp 943H; GCyp 945G;Honigmann 1935, 31-32, 37;Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

C3 Cyriacus, Mon. L Der Diyuk, c. 12 milesN Mardin

Hage 1966, 107

C2 Dabanas RL Dibni Honigmann 1935, 13; T. SinclairB2 Dadima L Tadım Howard-Johnston 1983, 250;

Sinclair 1989a, 247Dagnevana = Arest

C3 Dara/Anastasioupolis

L/L

Oğuz, formerly Dara KlPauly Dara 2;Sinclair 1989a, 219-24, 373-78

A1 Daranalis L district of Ani on upperR. Euphrates

RE

Daranissa = GymniasH2 Darman IRN See Map 90C1 Darucinte/

Tareina?/Horonon?

L/R/L

Karakulak Ptol. 5.12.7; ItMiller 676; Bryer 1985 I, 35;T. Sinclair

Datamisa = GymniasE2 Dauduana/

DyzanasR/L

Tuğ, near Tatvan Ptol. 5.12.10; Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

B1 Derzene HR plain of Tercan REC3 Deyrulzafaran L Sinclair 1989a, 214-19F1 Didima L Didem? Manandian 1965, 103; T. SinclairA1 Digesine L W end of Dersim GCyp 960G; T. SinclairG1 Doubios ARM See Map 88D3 Duger HR SYR Meijer 1986, 6 (site 5)H3 Durba Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979, 213, 242F4 Dur-Sharrukin AC Khorsabad IRQ OEANE Khorsabad

Dyzanas = Dauduana

C1 Elegeia/Aegea

R/L

Pekeriç Ptol. 5.12.5; Syme 1958, 395;Manandian 1965, 91, 100; T. Sinclair

C2 (E)Legerda/Illyrisos

R/L

Birkleyn Ptol. 5.12.8; Adontz 1970, 13-14;Sinclair 1989a, 272-77; T. Sinclair

F1 *Elegoana L Erciş Sinclair 1996, VII.2Elegosine = ArsesaEleia? = Tell Hayal

E2 Entsakisar M. L mountains S Deveboynupeninsula

Honigmann 1935, 29; T. Sinclair

B1 Eriza RL Erzincan, old town Sinclair 1989, 426-30E2 Eski Hizan R?L Mitford 1986A1 Euphrates fl. See Map 93

H4 Fakhrikah CHR settlement and tomb IRN Huff 1971; Kroll 2000, MB 18-20E3 Fesh-Khabur/

Peroz-Shapur?R?L/L

IRQ Dillemann 1962, 161

F4 Gali Zardak R IRQ Boehmer 1981

1274 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Ganaba§ Theganaba?

LR

Cimdin Kale Dussaud 1927, 494; T. SinclairFeissel 1989, 544

Garine? = Koriaia?D3 Gaugalion M. L S part of Tur Abdin Palmer 1990, 74, 115-16, 146; T. SinclairF4 Gaugamela ACHR perhaps Tell Gomel IRQ Dillemann 1962, 97, 161G2 Gavur Qal'eh CH 14 miles SW Khoy IRN Kleiss 1978a, 34-36, 63H2 Gavur Qal'eh ACH E Djulfa IRN Kleiss 1976a, 108-13, 118-23H3 Gavur Qal'eh CH Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1978a, 47-48, 66G2 Gazrik L near Cariq village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 13H3 Girdagun CH S Ain-i Rum IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 3D2 Glak, Mon. L Çengelli Thierry 1983, 398-405E3 Glale L near Dadar Fiey 1977, 215-16; Sinclair 1989a, 337, 380

Gobdi = ChauonH2 Gol tepe CH near Alamdar village IRN Kroll 1984, 32E3 Gordyene/

CorduenaHRL/L

Bohtan district Hübschmann 1904, 333-34; RE Gordyene

E4 Grai Darki HR? IRQ Curtis 1987B2 Gumathene L district of Abarne Dillemann 1962, 103-104, 110, 126

[Guzana] = Tell HalafD1 Gymnias/

Daranissa/Datamisa

C/R/L

Pasinler, formerlyHasankale

RE; Manandian 1965, 91, 98;Sinclair 1989, 226-32, 525

G1 Hajestan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290-96G2 Haftavan tepe ACHL S Salmas IRN Burney 1973D3 Hah L Anıtlı, formerly Hah Sinclair 1989a, 241-46, 372, 377-79H3 Hajji Firuz tepe RL SE Hasanlu IRN Voigt 1976, 59H2 Halaqu Qal'eh CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 18H2 Halaqu tepe CH IRN Kroll 1984, 24-28F1 Hariza/

Chasira?RL/R

Aruch, near Misun Ptol. 5.12.5; Manandian 1965, 91, 94-95;T. Sinclair

H4 Hasanabad tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 15H3 Hasanlu tepe ACH IRN Dyson 1989G2 Hassan Khan Qal'eh CHL IRN Kleiss 1978a, 52, 70G1 Hassar Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1979a, 290, 301

Hassis = HazaHatsiun = Catispi

B1 Haza/Hassis

RL near Balahor ItAnt 183.4; ItMiller 676; T. Mitford

D3 Hiaspis L Yarbaşı, formerly Isfis / Hespist

Palmer 1990, 4

D4 Hirmas/Mygdon(ios) fl.

R?L/L

Jaghjagh SYR / TKY RE Mygdonius 1; Dillemann 1962, 53

E3 Hlahlah, Mon. L at Lower Dera Fiey 1977, 197-99;Sinclair 1989a, 333-34, 380

(H)Oraba? = ShadikanniHoronon? = Darucinte

C3 Horren/Lorne

L/L

Qal'at el-Mer'a at Horrin /Gülhorrin

Dillemann 1962, 24-26, 157; T. Sinclair

B2 Hüşükani L? signal station Mitford 1980, 917

Ichnae? = Tell al-SaddeC3 Idriphthon L Hisarkaya, formerly Kale

Bozreşa?Honigmann 1935, 13, 35;

Sinclair 1989a, 312-13G1 Ilan Qarra CH near Hassar village IRN Kleiss 1979a, 206-209, 241

Illyrisos = (E)LegerdaE1 Indua L at or near Hamur? Manandian 1965, 103; T. Sinclair

Ingila = *ArkathiokertaB2 Ingilene RL district N Ad Tygrem and

beneath Taurus Mts.Garsoian 1989, 440-41

*Inzieta? = ZiataC3 Iohannes Urtius, Mon. L just N Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74-75, 83

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1275

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B3 Iouliopolis?§ Heba?

RL

ruins near Taraksu Mitford 1980, 924; French 1983, 77-79, 81ItMiller 684; T. Sinclair

C1 *Ioustiniane L 3 m. p. W Bizana; nearVican

Procop., Aed. 3.5.15; Sinclair 1989, 274

Ioustinianopolis = MaipaG3 Ismail Agha Qal'eh CH IRN Kleiss 1977, 64-68, 98-109E1 ‘Isumbo’/

Patansana/Zombis

L/L/L

Patnos? Dillemann 1962, 162; Sinclair 1996, VII.3;T. Sinclair

C3 Izala/Masius M.

L/HR

massif from Karaca Dağ E to R. Tigris

REΜάσιον ὄρος ; Palmer 1990, 8, 109(n. 189)

G1 Jarabad tepe CH E Disaj IRN Kroll 2000, UR 78

G2 Kafir Qal'eh C W Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 17[Kahat] = Tell Barri

E3 Kamul, Mon. L W Dadar Fiey 1970, 106; 1977, 199-200*Kapauta Limne =

Matiane LimneKapros? fl. = Zabas

Mikros fl.Kaputa = ChauonKarcharoman = Charcha

D3 Kardouchoi CHRL inhabitants of Bohtandistrict

RE Καρδοῦχοι

C1 Karenitis HR Erzurum plain RE ΚαρηνῖτιςH3 Kargan tepe CH near Hassan village IRN Kroll 2000, UR 134C4 Kaukab M.

§ Kakkabu M.AL Kaukab M. SYR Kühne 1980

D3 Kentrites/Tigris/Zirmas fl.

C/R/L

Bohtan Su Pliny, NH 6.127-28; RE Κεντρίτης;Honigmann 1935, 23; T. Sinclair

Kepha(s) = (Ris)Kepha(s)B2 Kerefto R?L? Mitford 1998, 259G1 Keshmesh CH IRN Kleiss 1975, 60-62; Kroll 2000, MK 10B1 Khakh L Hah Garsoian 1989, 502E4 Kharaib Mahlabiya L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 63, 67 (site 127)G2 Khezerlu Qal'eh CH W Siahcheshme IRN Kleiss 1976, 20-24; Kroll 2000, MK 31E4 Khirbet Deir Situn HR? IRQ Curtis 1987E4 Khirbet Qasrij A?C IRQ Killick 1985, 236-37H2 Khoy Qiz Qal'eh HR N Khoy IRN Kleiss 1974, 80-82; Kroll 2000, KH 1

Kish = *AphoumonC2 Kitharizon L Yeni Köy Howard-Johnston 1989C3 Korde L Kurdis Dillemann 1962, 228B1 Koriaia?/

Garine?R/L

E half of Dersim GCyp 961G; RE Κοριαία; T. Sinclair

B2 Korra/Corvilu

R/L

at SE corner of Hazar Gölü Ptol. 5.12.8; ItMiller 739; T. Sinclair

G2 Kotor(odz) L above Qotur village IRN Berkian 1976, 164-66H3 Kuh-i Chorblach HRL SE Haidarabad IRN Kleiss 1973, 29-30; Kroll 2000, NQ 59

Legerda = (E)LegerdaLeontopolis = Bizana

E3 Lesser Khabur R. IRQ / TKYH2 Livar Qal'eh L IRN Kleiss 1977a, 54-57, 84-98

Lorne = HorrenC1 Lucus Basaro

§ BressosL Tercan? Manandian 1965, 91, 100

Hewsen 1992, 333; T. SinclairH3 Lumbad Qal'eh ACHRL SE Urmia IRN Kleiss 1979, 190-94, 228-30

Lykos? fl. = Zabas Megasfl.

1276 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Mac(h)arta/Tiberioupolis/Monokarton§ ‘Manacarta’

L/L/L

Kızıltepe Honigmann 1935, 24;Dillemann 1962, 109, 165

D2 Maipa/Martyropolis/Ioustinianopolis

R/L/L

Silvan RE; Honigmann 1935, 17;Sinclair 1989a, 287-91; Hewsen 1992, 335

H2 Malejin CH IRN Kroll 2000, MD 22C3 Mambouta/

MambrathonR/L

Şemrah Kalesi Dillemann 1962, 161-62; T. Sinclair

D2 Mambre? L Boşat Garsoian 1989, 477C3 Mar Abay L above Dere İçi, formerly

Qillith / KıllıtPalmer 1990, 21-24

D3 Mar Abrohom L Sinclair 1989a, 349-50, 379-80D3 Mar Awgin L Mor Awgin / Mar Augen Fiey 1977, 134-41D3 Mar Bassos, Shushan L at Hidil Sinclair 1989a, 330F4 Mar Matta L IRQ Fiey 1965 III, 20, 32D3 Mar Melki L Sinclair 1989a, 325-26D3 Mar Samuel, Simeon L Mar Gabriel Sinclair 1989a, 252-28

Mar Shushan = Mar BassosMar Simeon = Mar Samuel

D3 Mar Yohannon L Sinclair 1989a, 348-49, 351, 379-80D2 Marathken M. L Taurus Mts. between Bitlis

pass and vale of Kulp?GCyp 947G; T. Sinclair

C3 Marde/Margdis

RL/L

Mardin REΜάρδη; Honigmann 1935, 12

F1 Mardoi? RL in plains of Saray; and indistrict of upper Kara Suto N?

Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 167)

Margdis = MardeMartyropolis = MaipaMasius M. = Izala M.

H3 Matiane/*Kapauta Limne§ Magriane Limne

R/RCHRL

L. Urmia IRN RE Καπαῦτα; RE Matiane, col. 2198

H4 Matiane CR between Lake Urmia andIasonius M.

RE

C3 Matzaron§ Massaron

LL

Maserte GCyp 931H; Honigmann 1935, 36;Dillemann 1962, 230; T. Sinclair

Maximianopolis =Antiochia Arabis

H2 Media Atropatene§ Media Minor

HRL/L

between L. Urmia and R.Aras

RE

C3 Meiacarire/*Aquae Frigidae

L/L

Khan Sheikhan RE; Dillemann 1962, 49, 157-58

D3 Melabason M. L district of Beşiri Honigmann 1935, 17-18; T. SinclairB1 Mertikerton L Mazgirt Howard-Johnston 1989, 223, 227 (n. 27)

‘Mespila’? = MosulB3 Mesopotamia ACHRL includes Osrhoene REB2 Metita RL near Tillo Mitford 1998, 259D3 Mindon L few miles E Midun Palmer 1990, 5 (n. 7)H4 Mohammad Shah tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 63F2 Molchia L Amik Sinclair 1996, VII.3.

Monokarton = Mac(h)artaH2 Mor(o)unda CHRL Marand IRN RE Marundai 2; Kroll 2000, MD 1F4 Mosul/

‘Mespila’?R?L/C

IRQ Oates 1968, 60-61; EncIs

E2 Moxoena L upper valley of Bohtan Suand districts of Hizan andMüküs

RE

E4 Musaifna L IRQ Killick 1983, 217B1 *Mouzoura L Ovacık plain TIB Kappadokien 242-43;

Garsoian 1989, 482; T. Sinclair

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1277

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

Mygdon(ios) fl. = Hirmasfl.

C4 Mygdonia HRL district of Nisibis RE 5

C3 Nabaris/Navarra

R/L

near crossing of AmbarÇay

Sinclair 1996, VII.2

H4 Naqadeh tepe L IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 43Navarra = Nabaris

H1 ‘Naxouana’ R Nakhchevan ARM Hewsen 1992, 333 (n. 51)D2 Nicephorion fl. H?R Garzan Su Pliny, NH 6.129F4 Nineveh/

NinosACHRL Kuyunjik IRQ RE; Oates 1968, 30

E2 Niphates M. HRL Taurus massif, S Lake Van Syme 1995, 29-34; T. SinclairD3 Nisibis/

AntiochiaHRL/HRL

Nusaybin SYR / TKY RE; Garsoian 1989, 479

F4 Nodh-Ardashirakan§ Norshirakan

RL IRQ Morony 1982, 10

G2 Nuarsak? L Shurik village IRN Manandian 1965, 113E2 Nymphaeum R near spring of Baş Bulak Pliny, NH 6.128; Thierry 1972, 148-49;

Sinclair 1996, VII.3Nymphios fl. = Parthenias

fl.

H1 Oghlu Qal'eh AC near Qurshaqlu IRN Kleiss 1972, 60-64; Kroll 2000, MK 53Oraba? = Shadikanni

H3 Ormi/[Urmia]

L/L?

Urumiyeh IRN Schwarz 1969, 1103-1108

‘Ospa’ = ThospiaB3 Osrhoene SYR / TKY See Map 67

B1 Paline L district of lower Peri Su GCyp 962aG; T. SinclairB1 Palios L Bağın GCyp 956GG1 Paracata L Bulakbaşı, sometimes

Başbulak ARMManandian 1965, 91, 93-94;

Sinclair 1987, 407-10H1 Parakan ARM See Map 90D3 Parthenias/

Nymphios fl.R/L

Batman Su RE Tigris 1, cols. 1012-13

Patansana = ‘Isumbo’Peroz-Shapur? =

Fesh-KhaburPhaenica = Pinaka

D1 Phasiane/Bassiane

R/L

Pasinler and Kars plains Honigmann 1935, 21;Garsoian 1989, 454, 499-500; T. Sinclair

D1 Phasioi C on Basean plain, andprobably in upper R.Aras basin

Hewsen 1983, 131

D1 Phasis fl. C upper reaches of R. Aras Hewsen 1983, 128-32C2 Pheison L Dakyanus Kale RE Φεισῶν; Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375E2 Phora/

‘Phlorianon’?R/L

Por GCyp 941H; Honigmann 1935, 31, 37;Hewsen 1992, 335; T. Sinclair

E3 Pinaka/Phaenica

H/L

Eski Yapı, formerly Fenek Dillemann 1962, 219;Sinclair 1989a, 333, 359

H3 Qalat CL Rashakan IRN Kleiss 1977a, 72-76H3 Qalateh Qal'eh CH? E Ain-i Rum IRN Kleiss 1978, 17-18; Kroll 2000, NQ 5H3 Qalatgah ACH near Cheshme Gol IRN Kroll 2000, NQ 28G2 Qara tepe CHL N Salmas IRN Kroll 2000, SL 3H2 Qara Zia Eddin tepe CH IRN Kroll 2000, KH 25E4 Qasr Serij L IRQ Simpson 1994G2 Qiz Chakhlu HR SE Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1974, 101-102; Kroll 2000, MK 34G2 Qotur Qal'eh AC 2 miles E Qotur IRN Kroll 2000, KH 15

H3 Rashgund AC IRN Kroll 2000, UR 113

1278 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

H4 Rasuh tepe RL near Pazveh IRN Kroll 2000, PR 1E3 Rehimena RL plain to S Cudi Dağ Hoffmann 1880, 190; T. SinclairC4 Resaina/

TheodosiopolisACHRL/L

Tell Fakhariya near Rasal-Ain SYR

Dillemann 1962, 107, 224-26

D3 Rhabdion L Hatem Tai Kale Sinclair 1989a, 350-51;Palmer 1990, 4-7, 151-52

D3 (Ris)Kepha(s) L Hasankeyf GCyp 913H; Honigmann 1935, 12, 35;Sinclair 1989a, 232-39, 370, 373-75

D3 Romaion Agros L on plain beneath Rhabdion Honigmann 1935, 12

‘Sagouana’ = BagaunaB4 Sahal L E Carrhae Astour 1993, 113

[Sahlala] = Tell SahlanD4 Saibakh R?L? SYR Oates 1990, 229-31G2 Sal(a)mas L Salmas IRN Schwarz 1969, 1108-11B1 Salmalasso L Gelengeç Bryer 1985 I, 34-35G2 Salmas L rock-relief SE Salmas IRN Hinz 1965C3 Sammachi L at crossing of

“Shammerkh” ÇaySinclair 1996, VII.2

D2 *Samocharta L Semrah tepe GCyp 944H; Honigmann 1935, 24, 32, 37;T. Sinclair

C2 Sanasounitai L inhabitants of Sasun GCyp 947GG1 Sangar Qal'eh CH E Maku IRN Kleiss 1968, 3-13; Kroll 2000, MK 4D3 Sapha/

Thilsaphata?RL?/L

Bâbil Poidebard 1934, 159-60; Sinclair 1989a, 372;T. Sinclair

C2 Saphchai L Çeper Honigmann 1935, 18;Sinclair 1989a, 272-73, 375

D3 Sarbane/Sisara§ Sisauranon

L/L

Sirvan Poidebard 1934, 159; RE

C3 Sardeoua/‘Sardebar’

R/L

Kale-i Zerzevan Sinclair 1996, VII.2

E3 Sareisa R Şırnak? Dillemann 1962, 111D3 Sargathon L Sercihan Poidebard 1934, 147B1 Satala RL Sadak RE; Lightfoot 1998E3 Satalka/

ThamanonHR/L

Çağlayan, formerly Şah RE Σάρεισα, Θαµανῶν;Sinclair 1989a, 335-37, 433

C3 Sauras L Savur RE ΣαυράςE4 Seh Gubba RL IRQ Ball 1987, 246C4 Shadikanni/

Ar(a)ban/(H)Oraba?/*Castellum Arabum

A?C/RL/R?L/R

Tell Ajaja West SYR Röllig 1977, 125 ; Mahmoud 1988;Dodgeon 1991, 344-45

Shahrabadh = BaladH1 Shalat ARM See Map 90G1 Shawarshan L Maku IRN Eremyan 1961, 64-65H4 Sheytanabad

§ Bardakunte§ Saukand

CHR N Mahabad IRN Kleiss 1973, 36-38; Kroll 2000, MB 4

D3 Shilloh L Salah Bell 1982, 147-48H3 Shno L Ushnu IRN Eremyan 1961, 38, 74D2 Shukaraba L Zok Sinclair 1996, VIII.3G1 Siah Qal'eh CHR W Pol-i Dasht IRN Kleiss 1973a, 183-86; Kroll 2000, MK 5

Siai = Si(t)aiC1 Sinara L Aşkale Manandian 1965, 91, 99; T. SinclairD4 Singara

§ Digeren?§ Sirgora?

RLLL

Balad Sinjar IRQ REDillemann 1962, 140Dillemann 1962, 136

D4 Singaras M. RL Sinjar Mt. IRQ REC3 Siphrios R?L Rabat Kalesi Honigmann 1935, 9, 13, 35;

Sinclair 1989a, 227-30G3 Siraganon L Sharekand Hewsen 1988, 302

Sisara = Sarbane

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1279

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Si(t)ai/Siteon Chiphas

RL/L

Ziyaret tepe GCyp 933H; RE Σίαι; Honigmann 1935, 36;Sinclair 1996, VII.2

H1 Siwnik ARM See Map 90C2 Sophanene L upper R. Tigris basin

immediately W BatmanSu

Garsoian 1989, 457

B2 Sophene§ Sophanene

AHRL Dersim, W LowerEuphrates valley and Whalf of upper Tigris basin

RE Sophene, cols. 1015-17;Garsoian 1989, 457-58

G3 Sormanabad tepe R IRN Kroll 2000, UR 124G1 Surb Tadeos L Qara Kalisa IRN Kleiss 1967

Syria = (As)Syria

[Tabite] = Tell Taban[Ta'idu]? = Tell Hamidi

H2 Taj ed-Din Qal'eh AC 17 miles SSE Khoy IRN Kleiss 1979, 203-206, 235-41D2 Tarauna

§ *TaraunitesL plain of Muş Hübschmann 1904, 325; RE Taron

Tareina? = DarucinteE3 Taronitis R Hazil Su basin Hewsen 1985, 57, 58H2 Tasuk L Tasuj village IRN Hübschmann 1904, 473; Kroll 1984, 34C2 Taurus M. See Map 66E4 Tel Afar/

Ad Pontem?ACHRL/L

IRQ ItMiller 772; Oates 1968, 79-80

D2 Teleboas? fl. CL Kara Su RE 3E4 Tell Abu Dhahir AC?HRL

?IRQ Ball 1987, 234

E4 Tell Abu Marya/[Apqu]

AC?H?RL/A

IRQ Oates 1968, 54-55; RLAss Apqu

E4 Tell Abu Wajnam A?C?H?R?L

IRQ Oates 1968, 77

D4 Tell Ahmar AC SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 45E4 Tell Ahmed Agha Kabir H?R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 222)F4 Tell al-Baye'a L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 59 (site 98)E4 Tell al-Hawa HR?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34B4 Tell al-Sadde/

Ichnae?HRL/R

SYR Gerritsen 1996, site BS93

D4 Tell Arbid AC?HR SYR Dillemann 1962, 70, 174; Bielinski 1997C4 Tell Aswad Takhtani RL? SYR Lyonnet 1996, site 29D4 Tell Barri/

[Kahat]ACHR/A

SYR Kühne 1980; Meijer 1986, 31 (site 289)

C4 Tell Beidar ACH SYR Lebeau 1997C4 Tell Bezari AC?H?R

L?SYR Oates 1990, 238-39

D4 Tell Brak AR?L? SYR Oates 1990, 227-29E4 Tell Deir Situn L IRQ Curtis 1997D4 Tell Farfara AC?H?R

L?SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 210)

E4 Tell Hadhail IRQ See Map 91C4 Tell Halaf/

[Guzana]§ Gauzanitis?§ Gizama

AC/A?H?RH?R

SYR RLAss Halaf

Dillemann 1962, 146Dillemann 1962, 146

D4 Tell Hamidi/[Ta'idu]?

AC?H?R/A?C

SYR Eichler 1990

B4 Tell Hammam al-Turkmen HR SYR T. FeyterC4 Tell Hassake A?C?H?

R?L?SYR Kühne 1978, 185

E4 Tell Hassu R IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 75 (site 223)

1280 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D4 Tell Hayal/Eleia?/Alaina?

§ Hileia?

R?L IRQ ItMiller 779, 782; Oates 1968, 78-79;Ibrahim 1986, 77 (site 238)

E4 Tell Hugna H?R?L IRQ Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site 210)E4 Tell Ibra/

Vicat?H?R/R?L

IRQ Oates 1968, 79-80; Ibrahim 1986, 73 (site209)

E4 Tell Jikan HRL IRQ Killick 1985, 231-32C4 Tell Majdal AC?H?R

LSYR Dillemann 1962, 108; Lyonnet 1996, site 42

E4 Tell Mohammed Arab HL IRQ Roaf 1984D4 Tell Muhammad Kabir HR SYR Meijer 1986, 26 (site 231b)D4 Tell Qarasa AC?HRL SYR Meijer 1986, 14 (site 98)A4 Tell Sahlan/

[Sahlala]/Commisimbela?

HRL/A/R

SYR Astour 1993, 113; Gerritsen 1996, siteBS246-47; T. Feyter

D4 Tell Sharisi RL SYR Meijer 1986, 24 (site 205)C4 Tell Taban/

[Tabite]/Thebet(h)a?

§ Thubida?

AC?HRL/L?/RL

SYR Röllig 1977

C4 Tell Tawila R?L IRQ Lyonnet 1996, site 10E4 Tell Uwaynat R?L IRQ Wilkinson 1995, 125-34D4 Tell Zanatri RL? SYR Oates 1990, 231

Tella = Antiochia ArabisG1 Teroua? R Dariunk' / Doğubayazıt Garsoian 1989, 459-60

Thalbasaris = ThelbalaneThamanon = Satalka

C4 Thannuris§ Thannourios

R?L Tell Tuneinir SYR Dillemann 1962, 176-77; Fuller 1994

D1 Tharsidarate L Ezirmik? Manandian 1965, 91, 98; T. SinclairThebet(h)a? = Tell Taban

D3 Thelbalane/Thalbasaris

R/L

Tilmis or (less likely)Barsil

Sinclair 1996, VII.2

Theodosiopolis =Autisparate

Theodosiopolis = ResainaC3 *Thibitha/

Thilbisine§ ‘Banasymeon’?§ Bismideon§ Mnasoubion?

L/L

Tel Beşme RE; Dillemann 1962, 109

Thiloson Kome = TilThilsaphata? = Sapha

F2 Thospia/Bouana/‘Ospa’§ Thospitis

CR/R/L

Van GeogRav 2.10; Garsoian 1989, 499;R.H. Hewsen; T. Sinclair

E2 Thospitis Limne§ ‘Thespites’ L.

HRR

L. Van RE Θωσπῖτις λίµνη Pliny, NH 6.128; T. Sinclair

Tiberioupolis = Mac(h)artaD3 Tigranocerta/

Cholimma/Chlomaron

HRL/R/L

medieval city site of Arzan Markwart 1930, 341-42; Sinclair 1994;Sinclair 1996, VIII.3

Tigris fl. = Kentrites fl.C2 /F4

Tigris/Diglitus fl.

See Map 93

B1 Til/Thiloson Kome

RL/L

Til Garsoian 1989, 495; Kettenhofen 1989, 72;T. Sinclair

D3 Tili RL Çattepe, formerly Tili Lightfoot 1986B1 Tordan RL Doğan Köy, formerly

TordanGarsoian 1989, 496

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1281

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

G2 Turki tepe L SW Siahchesme IRN Kleiss 1977a, 62-64, 93-98; Kroll 2000, MK32

B1 Tzoumina L hills W southern part ofTercan plain

Hewsen 1992, 18 (n. 81)

[Urmia] = Ormi

F2 Vastauna L near Gevaş Sinclair 1996, VII.3G1 Verahram Qal'eh CH near Shotlu IRN Kleiss 1974, 82-93; Kroll 2000, MK 7

Vicat? = Tell IbraVirta? = Birthon

F4 Zabas Megas/Zapatas?/Lykos? fl.

IRQ / TKY See Map 91

H4 Zabas Mikros/Kapros?/Zerbis? fl.

§ Heteros Zabas fl.

IRQ See Map 91

Zabdaion Chorion =Bezabde

D3 Zabdicene RL district W R. Tigris and STur Abdin

Hübschmann 1904, 321

Zagurae? = Ain SinuD2 Zanserio L Baykan Sinclair 1996, VII.3.1

Zapatas? fl. = Zabas Megasfl.

H2 Zarawand? ACHL Evoghlu Qal'eh IRN Hübschmann 1904, 338;Kleiss 1973a, 186-88

E3 Zarnuqa L at upper Dera Fiey 1977, 94-96; Sinclair 1989a, 333Zerbis? fl. = Zabas Mikros

fl.F1 Zernaki tepe H?R? just N Erciş Sinclair 1987, 281-82, 314-15C2 Ziata/

*Inzieta?L Amini Kale Honigmann 1935, 35; Dillemann 1962, 155;

Sinclair 1989a, 269-70, 371G2 Zingir Qal'eh CH near Tamar village IRN Kroll 2000, SL 10H4 Zir tepe L near Latch village IRN Kroll 2000, MB 8

Zirmas fl. = Kentrites fl.E2 Zoaranda R Gindirans Pliny, NH 6.128; T. SinclairG1 *Zolocerta/

‘Coloceia’§ ‘Zotozeta’§ ‘Zogokara’

L/L

Çolakert Manandian 1965, 91, 94;Sinclair 1987, 407-408

Zombis = ‘Isumbo’

Bridges

Grid Location Period Reference

B1 E Ani R?L? Mitford 1998, 267; T. MitfordC2 Dabanas R Sinclair 1989a, 267-69C3 Ad Tygrem, below Diyarbakır on R. Tigris L Palmer 1990, 12, 116

1282 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Roads

Itinerary Period Reference

Satala → W RL Mitford 1998, 266Satala → Eriza → Ani RL French 1983, 84; Mitford 1998, 266-67Satala → Haza → Map 87 RL Sinclair 1989, 327Satala → Lucus Basaro → Bagauna → Artaxata RL Manandian 1965, 91-100; T. SinclairColchis → Arsinia → Ad Tygrem RL ItMiller 739; T. SinclairChorsabia → Euphrates RL? Mitford 1998, 267Euphrates gorge via Barsalium RL Mitford 1998, 259-60Network between Ad Tygrem, Tigranocerta and Charcha RL Sinclair 1996, VII.2Tigranocerta → Dauduana → Artemita → ‘Isumbo’ →

BagaunaRL Sinclair 1996, VII.3

Ad Tygrem → ‘Sardebar ’→ Nisibis RL ItMiller 740-41; Sinclair 1996, VII.4Barbare → Nisibis → Ad fl. Tigrim RL Poidebard 1934, 158-63; Dillemann 1962, 171-73Ad fl. Tigrim → NW R Algaze 1991, 190Ammodios → S RL ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173Nisibis → S RL ItMiller 770-71Zagurae? → SE RL ItMiller 779

Unlocated Toponyms

Name Period Probable Location Reference

‘Ad Dracones’ = DagonaAd Tigrim /Ad flumen Tigrem

L Mosul? IRQ ItMiller 772; Dillemann 1962, 141, 167 andfig. XII

Akraba H?R S Carrhae? SYR Ptol. 5.17.7Aladin = AuladisAlaleisos L in Izala massif, between Karaca

Dağ and Bohtan districtHonigmann 1935, 26

Alexandria R in Adiabene / Mygdonia Pliny, NH 6.42; RE 14Amostae L W Singara IRQ / SYR ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185Anaeticus L. R in Erzincan plain? RE Anaïtica regioAnisena L in upper Mesopotamia? Hoffmann 1880, 229Anteba L on Artaxata → Gobdi road, two

stations before the latterItMiller 748, 781

Apadna L near Ad Tygrem Dillemann 1962, 159, 239*Arabessa L S Autisparate Adontz 1970, 19-20Araborum, Mon. L between Viranşehir and Tel

BeşmeDillemann 1962, 77

Armeniae Pylae RL pass in Armenia, at Tomisa? orErgani pass?

Syme 1995, 39-45

At(o)uria H?RL Nineveh region IRQ RE Aturia; Morony 1982, 10Athraelon L Mac(h)arta vicinity? Honigmann 1935, 22

Audasson L near Ad Tygrem? Honigmann 1935, 35Auladis/Aladin

R/L

near Carrhae? Ptol. 5.17.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 82Dillemann 1962, 181-83

Ayli = EliAzara R Iğdır? RE 1Azoni R tribe E Gaugamela near

Zerbis? fl. IRQPliny 6.118

Baba L ItMiller 771; Dillemann 1962, 137, 141Babyrsa R near Artaxata REBallatha H?R NE Carrhae? TKY Ptol. 5.17.7Banasam L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.6Barzan L AZE? Hoffmann 1880, 265Basilisene R Ptol. 5.12.6Batitas L W Singara IRQ / SYR Dillemann 1962, 137, 141

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1283

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Baxala H?R W Singara SYR Ptol. 5.17.7Bebasa/Bibas(ara)

L W Dara SYR / TKY Dillemann 1962, 290

Belkania R Ptol. 5.12.8; Hewsen 1982, 135Belkiana H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Bessara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Bethallaha L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.35Betooun H?R on or near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 5.17.6Bibas(ara) = BebasaBidamas/Vidamas

L near Resaina SYR / TKY RE

Biddon L on Melabason M., in NE TurAbdin

Honigmann 1935, 17-18

Bimisdeon L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14Birthaba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Birthachabraes L Honigmann 1935, 36Bubalia L ItMiller 682Busan L S Ad Tygrem, in hill district? Dillemann 1962, 157

Caini L in Mesopotamia TKY NotDig Or. 36.34Castra Maurorum L AmmMarc 18.6.9; 25.7.9;

Dillemann 1962, 212-214Chalkitis H?R Ptol. 5.17.4Chazene H?RL Haza district? IRQ REChoathras M. H?R Ptol. 6.1.1Chordiraza H?R town of Mygdonians SYR / TKY REChouddon L in Siphrios district? Honigmann 1935, 35Cunissa R?L W Satala ItMiller 676

Dabanas/Davana

L Ain al-Arus? RE Dabana 2AmmMarc 23.3.7; Gawlikowski 1988, 88

(n. 62)Dagona/‘Ad Dracones’

RL? W Satala, close to the summit ofÇimen Daglari?

Ptol. 5.6.20; ItMiller 676, 682; T.B. Mitford

Daphnoudin L in Arzanene Honigmann 1935, 31, 37Darna H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Dausaron L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14; Dillemann 1962, 109Davana = DabanasDeba H?R on or near Tigris between Sapha

and Singara IRQPtol. 5.17.6

Degia H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Demetrias H?RL near Arbela IRQ RE 4Diospage R E Tigris IRQ REDolba H?RL in Adiabene IRQ REDosa H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Duodecimum L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.34

Eisone H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Elegea R where Euphrates breaks through

Taurus, 10 m.p. below MeliteneRE Elegeia 2

Endielon L day’s march from Ad Tygrem Procop., Bell. 1.7.5

Filadelfia L on Gobdi → Ecbatana road, first station after Gobdi; Shahpur?

ItMiller 781

Fons Scabore L Dillemann 1962, 177

Gomara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Gorgos fl. H?R perhaps Lesser Zab? IRQ Ptol. 6.1.7

Hadia L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185Haris RL? W Satala ItMiller 682Haste L near Resaina? SYR / TKY ItMiller 779; Dillemann 1962, 185

1284 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Hibita L possibly Thebet(h)a? SYR Dillemann 1962, 167 (n. 3)

Inigene = (T)Inigene

Kadisenoi RL people between Singara and TellTaban SYR

Dillemann 1962, 97 (n. 8)

Kalonos L Honigmann 1935, 37Kardouchoi R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5Komopolis H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Korkoura H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4

Magdalathon L R. Khabur and Jaghjagh region;Tell Majdal?

RE

Magrus L on S Carrhae → Singara road,between Haste and Amostae

ItMiller 779; Kühne 1980, 57-58;Oates 1990, 239-40

*Magustana =Matoustana

Malioi H?R tribe near Euphrates Strabo 16.1.27Mannouorra/Manneotai

R/L

Dillemann 1962, 168-69, 177-79

Maratha L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY NotDig Or. 35.33Marde H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Mareptikon Klima L in Van region? Honigmann 1935, 21; Adontz 1970, 11Margasoi R E Matianae Limne? Ptol. 6.2.5; REMartiana R IRN Ptol. 6.2.5Matoustana/*Magustana

R possibly Shawarshan Hewsen 1992, 187 (n. 168), 334

Maurikiopolis L 7 stades from Maipa Honigmann 1935, 27

Nasabi L on Artaxata → Gobdi road, immediately before the latter

ItMiller 748, 781

Nazada R in N Media IRN Ptol. 6.2.11Nibaros M. HR in Armenia; conceivably Şüphan

DağStrabo 11.14.14

Nikatorion M. CHR near Arbela Strabo 16.1.4

Obana H?R Ptol. 6.1.4Obarene R S upper Euphrates? Ptol. 5.12.4Obbane L Procop., Bell. 2.12.4Odomantis H W Sophene? Hewsen 1985, 58, 73Olane R near Artaxata Garsoian 1989, 485Oroba H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Orontes R tribe E Gaugamela IRQ Pliny, NH 6.118; RE 3Orroei Arabi R tribe W Tigris Pliny, NH 6.25; 6.117; 6.129; RE OsroeneOrthaga/Orgatha

H?R near Carrhae and Eleia SYR /TKY

Ptol. 5.17.7; RE

Oruros HR Roman border in Pompey’s time Pliny, NH 6.120; Dillemann 1962, 171; RE

Phathachon L in Izala M. massif betweenKaraca Dağ and Bohtan district

Adontz 1970, 13

Phichas/Philas

L near Resaina Procop., Bell. 1.19.35; 2.6.14;Dillemann 1962, 108

Phirthachabraes L GCyp 932GPhousiana H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Praetavi R tribe near Singara IRQ Pliny, NH 5.86

Rasin/Rhasios

L in Osrhoene, probably towardsAd Tygrem

Honigmann 1935, 13

Reman L in Raman Dağ, S Ad Tygrem? Dillemann 1962, 157Rene L between Resaina and Ma(c)harta;

Tell Arade?ItMiller 770; Dillemann 1962,165

MAP 89 ARMENIA 1285

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Rhandeia R Arsamosata vicinity, probablyN Arsanias fl.

Adontz 1970, 31

Rhasios = RasinRipaltha L in upper Mesopotamia Dillemann 1962, 231-32Roschirea/Vesceria

L ItMiller 778; Dillemann 1962, 185

S. Iohannis, Mon. L near Korde Dillemann 1962, 32Sadrakai CHR S Arbela Strabo 16.1.4Sakada H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Sarbena H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.5Sarmathes L Procop., Aed. 5.9.32; Dillemann 1962, 108, 125Sauara H?R near Tigris IRQ Ptol. 6.1.3Selgia R possibly Siirt? Hewsen 1982, 35-36Sihinnus L on Amouda → Singara road,

beyond Thilapsum; Tell Zenbil?ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173-4

Silices R tribe in mountains E Gaugamela Pliny, NH 6.118Sinas/Sina Iudaeorum/Sinna

L/L/RL

in Osrhoene, probably near AdTygrem

Honigmann 1935, 13; RE Sinna

Sinervas RL? near Carsa(g)is ItMiller 676-77Sinnaka H near Carrhae RE Σίννακα Sisila/Sissilisson Phrourion/Ziziola?

RL? W or S Satala ItMiller 676

Sitrae R tribe E Gaugamela Pliny, NH 6.118Sorvae/Zourzoua

L/R

on Artaxata → Gobdi road, after Catispi; Tsortsor?

ItMiller 748, 781

Sosingites L. L Thospitis Limne? not on Tigris in(As)Syria TKY

AmmMarc 23.6.15; Dillemann 1962, 40 (n. 3)

Suae R on cliff near Gaugamela? IRQ Pliny, NH 6.118

Tarmel, Mon. L near Dara Dillemann 1962, 32Taska R in upper Tigris basin? Ptol. 5.12.10Terebia R in upper Tigris basin or districts

S Thospitis Limne?Ptol. 5.12.10

Thallaba L N or W Beberaci L. SYR ItMiller 781; Dillemann 1962, 175Thamaudi L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 136-40Thebeta/Thebitha/Thelia

L between Nisibis and Singara RE Thebeta; Dillemann 1962, 142, 166

Thelda H?R on or near Euphrates SYR / IRQ REThelia = ThebetaThemeres L near Theodosiopolis SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14Thengoubis H?RL Ptol. 5.17.7; RE; Dillemann 1962, 181Thesara H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Thilapsum L ItMiller 777; Dillemann 1962, 173Thillafica L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108, 187Thillazamana/Monithilla

L in Osrhoene SYR / TKY Dilleman 1962, 108

Thilsaphata L between Nisibis and Hatra Dillemann 1962, 308 (n. 2), 311-12Thiolla L near Resaina SYR / TKY Procop., Aed. 2.6.14Thospia R in region of Arsanias fl.,

downstream of plain of MuşPtol. 5.12.8

Thubida L between Thallaba and Beberaci L. ItMiller 781; RE; Dillemann 1962, 176(T)Inigene H?R below Gauzanitis SYR Ptol. 5.17.4Tirittha H?R Ptol. 5.17.7Trispeda L on Gobdi → Ecbatana road,

second station after Gobdi;Ormi?

ItMiller 781

Tzinobia L near Ad Tygrem or Arsinia? Honigmann 1935, 35

1286 MAP 89 ARMENIA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ur L Dillemann 1962, 171

Vesceria = RoschireaVolandum R near Artaxata; Olane? RE

Zama H?R Ptol. 5.17.7Zamarthas L near Resaina Procop., Aed. 2.6.14Zigira H?R IRQ Ptol. 6.1.4Zorbandon L near Maipa Honigmann 1935, 25Zuqnin, Mon. L near Ad Tygrem Palmer 1990, 74, 83

False Toponyms

Name Period Reference Comment

Armenochalybes H Magie 1950, 1069 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

Baris M. H Jos., AJ 1.93-95; cf. RE 8 Cudi Dağ; name misunderstood?

Karkathiokerta HR RE Καρκαθιόκερτα Eğil Chalonitis R Syme 1995, 33 false name for settlement near Baş Bulak;

see NymphaeumChalybes CH Magie 1950, 1069, 1213 applied to Chaldaei of Karenitis

(Klima) Makrabandon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of Ağrı; false for *BagravandonMazara R?L? ItMiller 739; T.Sinclair false as station on Melitene → Ad Tygrem

road

Phaunitis H Hewsen 1992, 147 Siunik? (*Saunitis?)

Spauta L. RL RE Καπαῦta Matiane Limne; false for *Kapauta

(Klima) Tarannon L Honigmann 1935, 21 plain of MuşTourandios L GCyp 914G; T.Sinclair probably from TurhabdiosTourhabdios L Honigmann 1935, 25, 35 false for Rhabdion

Xerxene HR RE plain of Tercan; false for Derzene

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