Using your camera on manual settings.
Exposure
Shutter speed
Aperture Light meters
Film speed / ISO
Exposure
Correct exposure records all tones as they were in the original subject.
Overexposure all tones are lighter than in the original subject, highlights look bleached out and lack detail
Underexposure all tones are darker than in the original, shadows lack subtle detail.
Over exposed Correctly exposed Under exposed
Underexposed photograph, not enough light let into the camera, all tones darker than original, shadow areas lack information and detail.
Overexposed photograph, too much light has been let into the camera, all tones are lighter than original subject, highlights are blown and lack information and detail.
Correct exposure, tones look similar to how they appeared at the original scene, there is still subtle detail in the shadows and highlights even in this case where there is extreme contrast between the lightest and darkest areas.
Three things control exposure
Shutter speed.
Aperture.
ISO
Shutter speed
The shutter is a blind inside the camera that opens and closes when the shutter release button is pressed.
The amount of time this shutter is opened can be changed to control the amount of time light enters the camera.
Common shutter speeds in DSLR cameras range from 1/4000 second to 30 whole seconds and BULB setting enables the shutter to be open as long as the shutter release button is pressed down.
The shorter the time (e.g. 1/4000) the less light is let in.
The longer the time (e.g. ) the more light is let in.
Shutter inside the back of SLR film camera. Similarly positioned inside the DSLR camera.
Screen showing Manual settings on DSLR Number on top left Shutter speed
Number on top right Aperture (f.stop)
Exposure meter scale below.
SHUTTER SPEED AND MOVEMENT
3 types of movement
Photographer body movement
Subject motion
Camera movement
Camera shake
FAST SHUTTER SPEEDS
Freeze movement.
Eliminate camera shake
1/4000 = very fast shutter speed
Tripod not usually needed
Fast shutter speeds
Recommended shutter speeds
1/125 Freeze a walker, still recognise face.
1/250 freeze someone running or jumping.
1/500 Freeze a cyclist or slow moving vehicle.
1/1000 Freeze vehicle moving at 60mph.
1/1600
F4.5
Slow shutter speeds
Blur movement.
Cause camera shake.
1 second = very slow shutter speed.
Tripod usually needed to avoid camera shake.
1/5 shutter speed
F29 Aperture
-1 Exposure compensation
1/5 shutter speed
F29
-1 Exposure compensation
