140
8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 1/140  #$%&$' () *+,-./$0#$-.'.1,$ 2$ 34567894 4: ;<= >9;?:5@ AB>98<C $%D,()*0)++,E.+ F ++0, F +$0, FG %(0, HH +%0, HI $%D$1.%,+D$+ $'/$ F HJ %0, KI #)'$D.%,%L01,-. GM D0,-A-',-. MG 9#$. $'D)0%$D,E.+ #.(&'$(.0)+ #.%.$#,%L01,-.+ #$%)N. D)0$*O&D,-. ($ ()*0)++P. Q)%R.(,$R)*,%$+ $%+,.'AD,-.+ S,*%TD,-.+ .&D0.+ /U0#$-.+ &+$(.+ %$ $%+,)($()

MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 1/140

 

#$%&$' () *+,-./$0#$-.'.1,$

2$ 34567894 4: ;<= >9;?:5@

AB>98<C

$%D,()*0)++,E.+ F

++0, F

+$0, FG

%(0, HH

+%0, HI

$%D$1.%,+D$+ $'/$ F HJ

%0, KI

#)'$D.%,%L01,-. GM

D0,-A-',-. MG

9#$.

$'D)0%$D,E.+

#.(&'$(.0)+ #.%.$#,%L01,-.+

#$%)N. D)0$*O&D,-. ($ ()*0)++P.

Q)%R.(,$R)*,%$+

$%+,.'AD,-.+

S,*%TD,-.+

.&D0.+ /U0#$-.+ &+$(.+ %$ $%+,)($()

Page 2: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 2/140

 

#$%)N. D)0$*O&D,-. ($ $%+,)($()

Page 3: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 3/140

 

$%D,()*0)++,E.+

++0,

+VB>5:6< >< >W398< >< ;<5:X:B9B4 Y 4=6<BX: >: 43<8X: B<Z4X9[: \]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ 8=_?4^

B:`:^ 6<>:^ 4B;9<>4><^ ]:;X9_9>4><^ 9559X4a9_9>4><^ ;:_9>b:c

%4 <;d=9e:35<B94 GSD X<6 ?4?<_ X5f398: B: B<=5:><;<B[:_[96<BX:^ ]7 9BX<54gh<; <BX5<

B<=5fB9:; ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:; < >:?469BW5Z98:; < ]9?:3=Bgb: GSD B: 8f5X<i ?5Wj35:BX4_k

$ <;X96=_4gb: >< 5<8<?X:5<; ?f;j;9B7?X98:; ><X<569B4 :; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C

GSD"$C ]:56:B4;^ !"#$"%%&'( *+%,"!*!"( -'.+,/&'^ 9B9a9gb: >< B<=5fB9:; ?95469>49;

\a=;?95:B4 j 4Z:B9;X4 ?45894_c

GSDF$C %'+' Y 48:5>45<; B:8X=5B:;^ 4_=89B4gh<;^ 9B9a9gb: >4 ($ j 484XV;94^ 4X54;:

?;98:6:X:5^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^ 4?4X94^ >969B=9gb: >4 _Va9>:m <i89X4gb: 1'D^ <i89X4gb: ><B<=5fB9:; ?95469>49; Y 69:8_:B94; >=54BX< 4 B:9X<^ 4Z9X4gb:^ !"#$"%%%&'^ *+%,"!*!"^

!,%01+/&' %"21*3 \695X4e4?9B4 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$nF-^Hc

GSDF-C 4=6<BX: >: 4?<X9X< < .*+4' !" #"%'^ !"#$"%%&' 5*67#,-*8^ 8:ZB9gb:^ 5<Z=_4gb:

($ < %$^ 4Z9X4gb:^ *+%,"!*!"^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \3_=:i<X9B4 4BX4Z:B9;X4 GSDF-^

695X4e4?9B4 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$nF-^Hm 4Z:6<_4X9B4 4BX4Z:B9;X4 GSDF-c

GSDHC +91%"*% " :;<,6'%^ >9455<94^ 5<Z=_4gb: >< 9BX<5B<=5fB9:; 9B9a9Xf59:;

\695X4e4?9B4 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$nF-^Hc

GSDKC 6:X9_9>4>< 9BX<;X9B4_^ >9455<94

GSDMC 348X:5<; B<=5:X5f398:;^ 6<6f594 _:BZ:j?54e:

GSDIC 59X6: 89584>94B:^ ]=6:5^ ;:B:

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 9B9a9gb: ;<_<8X9[4 >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4

)[9>oB894 3:5X<  )[9>oB894 6:><54>4  )[9>oB894 ?5<_969B45

,B>984gh<;C ?<5X=5a4gb: >: ?pB98: \"q _9B]4c^ *.- \>:;<; 4_X4; >< 3_=:i<X9B4^ ;<X54_9B4^ "q_9B]4^

<3<9X: >:;<j5<;?:;X4c X:>:; :; 4Z<BX<; ?45<8<6 9Z=4_6<BX< <3984e<;k *<5X=5a4gb: >44B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4^ 3:a94 ;:894_^ *D+(^ a=_9694 \3_=:i<X9B4^ X4_ 8:6: 4 *.-^ ]7 =6 <3<9X:

Page 4: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 4/140

 

>:;<j5<;?:;X4^ ?:5 9;;: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 4=6<BX45 4; >:;<;c^ ?<5X=5a4gb: >9;6f53984

8:5?:54_^ >9;3:594 ?5<6<B;X5=4_ \;<5X54_9B4 := ?45:i<X9B4ck

.=X54; 9B>984gh<;C ><;?<5;:B4_9e4gb:^ 89r6< 6f5a9>:^ `:Z: ?4X:_fZ98:^ ;VB>5:6< >< D:=5<XX<^

]9?:8:B>5V4;<^ ?45439_94;^ :a<;9>4><^ a9BZ< <4X9BZ \;<X54_9B4c^ 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894;^

96?=_;9[9>4><^ <Bi4d=<84; < 8<34_<94; <6 ;4_[4^ ;VB>5:6<; 7_Z98:;^ ;VB>5:6< >4; ?<5B4;9Bd=9<X4;k

%4; 8594Bg4;C 8:6?:5X46<BX:; 5<?<X9X9[:; \<;X<5<:X9?94;sc 4;;:894>:; 4: 4=X9;6: < 4X54;:

6<BX4_^ $(S(^ < <B=5<;< 85fB984k

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C Z4;X5:j9BX<;X9B49; \B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ >9455<94cm 48X9[4gb:n9Bd=9<X4gb:

\<i48<5a4gb: >4 9Bd=9<X4gb:^ 4Z9X4gb:^ 4_X<54gh<; >: ;:B:cm 4_X<54gh<; B<=5:_fZ984;

\4Z54[46<BX: >4 <Bi4d=<84 < 8<34_<94 >< X<B;b:c^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \4XW Htu >:; >:<BX<;c 8:6

4=6<BX:; >< vJlZ ;:a5<X=>: B4 64B=X<Bgb:^ B7=;<4^ 4B:5<i94^ >9455<94^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \4XW

HtucC ?5:a_<64; >< _9a9>:^ 96?:XoB894^ >9;3=Bgb: <`48=_4Xf594^ 4B:5Z4;694 \Bb: 34e<5 =64

X:64 >< ++0, 8:6 w 8=5X4^ 8:6: 4 ;<5X54_9B4^ 6=>45 >< 8_4;;<cm 54;] \Guc^ 646:?_4;X94 <

Z4_48X:55<94 \?:5 4=6<BX: >4 *0'c^

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: B<8<;;759: ?454 4Z<BX<; >< w [9>4 Z54B>< \3_=:i<X9B4c^ 64; ;<5X54_9B4^

89X4_:?546^<;89X4_:?546 < ?45:i<X9B4 5<d=<5<6 I 4 "t >94; >< ><;646<k

=7+!$'<" !" *>%6,+?+-,* !"#$%"& () )*+", - +",. ,/0. .1./(#.2&3 +14,52& )*+", +( 6 +",.3

4(.&78( ,/0. "#94&+152& +( ,#9"+(/4(.."8& () : +",; #2& ,%&#9(%() <,="91,7)(#9( %&) )(#&.

+( > .(),#,. +( 9(4,/?19"%,@A ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; \,$$,6*>,3,!*!" ^ 4Z9X4gb:n4B;9<>4><^ ]=6:5><?5<;;9[:^ 8]:5: 3789_c^ ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; \+91%"*%^ [f69X:;^ >9455<94c^ ?<5X=5a4gb:

>: ;:B: \?<;4><_:;^ ,+%;+,*^ ;:B]45 <i8<;;9[:n[V[9>:C 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; ;=?596<6 : ;:B: 0)#^

B4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: ]7 =6 5<a:=B> >< 0)#c^ ;9BX:64; ;:67X98:; Z<549; \ 3"6*$.,*^ -"0*3",*%^

X5<6:5^ ;=>4gb:^ 4B:5<i94c^ ><;<d=9_Va59: \6'+61$*%^ :"$6,."+%c^ ;9BX:64; ;<B;:5949;

\?45<;X<;94;^ 3:569Z=<95:^ ;<B;4gh<; X9?: 8]:d=< <_WX598:^ ;:6 [9:_<BX: B4 84a<g4^ ?4_9Bf?;94cm

649; 545: W 4 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 := ]9?:64B94 < ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49;k

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:; \>< 8_4;;<cC >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \43<8X4 X:>4; 4; 34;<; >< 5<;?:;X4 ;<i=4_c <6 Mt

4 Itu >:; 84;:;

@ABCDEFGHI ?5:e48^ >9Z4;;96^ ?;9?4i^ ;<_<8X=;

w [9>4C F 4 "M >94; \6<X4a:_9X: 48X9[:c 6<X4a:_9e4>>: <6 B:53_=:i<X9B4^ 8:6 1<* %"<,J:,!*

!" K %"<*+*% \B:; )&$ ?:>< >45j;< =64 4>69B9;X54gb: ;<64B4_c

#<84B9;6: 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4^ ><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^

4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984^ *+6*.'+,%6* LMFKN^ d=< *1<"+6* * 6$*+%<,%%&' OI " HI B: 8f5X<i ?5Wj35:BX4_

Page 5: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 5/140

 

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x *.- \$"c x >:<Bg4 >9;3f5984 ?5<6<B;X5=4_ x >13,<,* +"$:'%* x

?<5X ?pB98: \$"cx ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \6:B:X<54?94 \QHc := 8:6a9B4gb: :_4Be4?9B4j ;y6ay4i

\QHcc x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \(Gc x *+*D \$"c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; \B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^ :a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84c^ ,+%;+,*

\4=6<BX: >4 ;=?5<;;b: >: 0)#^ 4=6<BX: >4 _4XoB894 >: 0)#c^ ;<>4gb: \"nKc^ X5<6:5<;^-"0*3",*%^ X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^ 4"<'$$*.,*%^ *+'$"2,* !() +&.(. ,79,.@^ #"$!* !" #"%' !#& %149&B

 /4,C&@^ >969B=9 4 9B;=_9B:j5<;9;XoB894^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 4?_4B46<BX: 43<8X9[:^ 3"+6,0,-*/&'

-'.+,6,:* " *#*6,* !+")"#1"52& +&/,)"#*4D"%,@^ 4Z9X4gb:^ 4B;9<>4><^ *-6,:*/&' +&' !"%"P*!* 

!,#9,D&#".)& 6EF-G@^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \>969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb: 4X54;4>4^

>9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_c

>:;4Z<6C K6Zn6'^ Ft6Z <6 8?

3:564C ;:_ :54_^ 8?

>:;< 9B9894_C "tjFt6Zn>

>:;< 4_[:C

><?5<;;b:C FtjJt6Zn>^ >:;< 9B9894_ Ft6Z >< 64B]b

a=_9694C MtjJt6Zn> >:;< 9B9894_ Mt6Z >< 64B]b \?5:?59<>4><; 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF- <6

>:;<; 4_X4;c

*.-C FtjJt6Zn>

*:>< ;<5 >4>4 <6 ;:_=gb: :54_ 4X54[W; >< *!<,+,%6$*/&' %1>3,+.1*3 <6 >:<BX<; Bb:6:X9[4>:; := d=< Bb: X:_<546 [94 :54_ \5<;;<8gb: 9BX<;X9B4_c Y >:;<; Mt6Zn>

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_ <6 6:B:X<54?94k (<?5<;;b: 5<;?954Xf594 8:6 7_8::_^ 4X4i94^

;<>4gb:^ 8:B[=_;h<;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C $*$*<"+6" +"-"%%9$,'^ 375648: ?<564B<8< >=54BX< 4XW 8<584 >< G ;<64B4;k

$X<Bgb: 4: 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98: d=4B>: ;< 9BX5:>=e =6 ?:X<B894>:5 >4

;<5:X:B9B4 4BX<; >4; G ;<64B4;k

9BX<548gh<;C \9B9a< ;=a;X4B894_6<BX< -z*F(M^ F-{^ F-"{ < 354846<BX< H$Kk %:53_=:i<X9B4

9B9a9>:5 ?:X<BX< -z*H$Kc

I+6,#%,-;6,-'% Q 031'2"6,+* \8_:e4?9B4 < 59;?<59>:B4 8_9B9846<BX< 96?:5X4BX<;m

X46aW6 9BX<53<5< 8:6 :_4Be4?9B4 < d=<X94?9B4c

IGHE% Q ==RG% Hi 649; ]<6:554Z94; Z4;X5:j9BX<;X9B49;^ <6a:54 59;8: 4a;:_=X: ;<`4 a49i:

\%%,|KK" ++0, 4?<B4;^ %%,|"tK ++0,}$,%);c =;45 8:6 ?5<84=gb: B:; 9>:;:;^ B4d=<_<;

8:6 ]9;Xf594 >< ]<6:554Z94 1, < B4d=<_<; d=< 34e<6 4;?959B4 := :=X5: $,%);

9#$. } 3_=:i<X9B4 \%7+!$'<" %"$'6'+,+S$.,-'C ,#."(+,+(3 "44"9,="7"+,+(3 <"/(49(4)",3

+",H&4(.(3 ,D"9,52&3 94()&4(.3 ,79(4,52& (.9,+& %&#.%"?#%",3 %&#H1.2& )(#9,73 8".2&

Page 6: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 6/140

 

+1/7,3 #I1.(,.3 ,1) 90#1. )1.%17,43 4"D"+(C3 )"&%7&#",.3 H7191,52& 4I/"+, +&. ."#,".

8"9,".3 %&),3 )&49(c

T*$0,+* Q 031'2"6,+* \4=6 ,%0 4?f; 9BV89: >4 3_=:i<X9B4 B|G^ [453459B4 6<X4a:_9e4>4

4X54[W; -z*"$F < F-{c

.?9f9><; } ++0,; ?:X<B894_ 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:^ 4X<Bgb: 4 ;=?5<;;:5<;

>4 X:;;<

="3"."3,+* Q==RG ?:X<B894_ 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW598:

F$*U'!'+* Q ==RG ?:X<B894_ 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW598:

Q=;?95:B4 } ++0, ?:X<B894_ 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW598:^ 64; ]4a9X=4_6<BX<

X:_<54>: 

*5<84=gh<;C 4: 9B98945 := 4>989:B45 :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; B=6 ?<5V:>: >< G ;<64B4; 4?f;;=;?<B;b: >< 3_=:i<X9B4 x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<; x =;45 8:6

8=9>4>: <6 a9?:_45<; x 48X9[4gb: < 9><4gb: ;=989>4^ ;:a5<X=>: <6 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C <6 >:<BX<; 4 X:645 9#$.^ X9:59>4e9B4^ ?96:e9><

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<m Bb: W 5<6:[9>: ?:5 ]<6:>97_9;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y 5<>=e95 4 >:;< := >45 6<B:; 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^ 8<584 ><

6<X4><

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 3_=:i<X9B4 ?45<8< ;<5 ;<Z=54

,>:;:; Y ?45<8<6 X:_<545 6<_]:5 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y *#$':*!' #*$* VCN " !"#$"%%&'m =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ <;X45

4X<BX: 4 48X9[4gb: < ;=989>4_9>4><

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94 B4 6b< >=54BX< : ?45X:^ B:

<BX4BX: Bb: W ><;?5:?:589:B4_m ?454 4; 6b<; d=< <;Xb: 6<>984>4;^ B4 649:594 >4;

[<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_ • 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:k $=6<BX4 : 59;8: ><

>969B=9gb: >< ?<;: • B4;8<Bg4^ 5<>=gb: >4 9>4>< Z<;X489:B4_ < 4a:5X: <;?:BXpB<:;

$_<9X46<BX: Y ?4545 ;< 8594Bg4 39845 9559X7[<_ := ;<>4>4^ B4 649:594 >:; 84;:; ?:><j;<

4646<BX45 x :; ?5:>=X:5<; ><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* \?:>< ;<5 4 ?596<954 _9B]4 Y 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF-

4=6<BX4 4 ($ < %$c x 34>9Z4 < a49i4 <B<5Z94 x 8:6:5a9_9>4>< 8:6 ?<5X=5a4gb: >:

8:6?:5X46<BX: 4_96<BX45 < >:<Bg4 43<8X9[4 x 8594Bg4; 8:6 *.- := ><?5<;;b: x ><?5<;;b:

B:; >94aWX98:; W *%%'-,*!' * <"+'$ ,+-,!?+-,* !" %7+!$'<" !" !"%-'+6,+1*/&' \rX9_ B:;

Page 7: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 7/140

 

>:<BX<; 8:6 ;VB>5:6<; >< ><;8:BX9B=4gb: B: ?4;;4>:^ 8:6 ]i >< 67 4><;b: X<54?o=X984c x

==RG% %".1$'% +* "#,3"#%,* 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4B:5<i94 x 9BV89: >: X54X46<BX: <6 !'"+6" *+%,'%'% '1 *.,6*!'% x

B: X54X46<BX: >4 9B;fB94 Z54[< x Bb: Xb: X:_<54>: 8:6: :=X5:; ++0,; B4 ?<5X=5a4gb: >:

?pB98: := :=X54; ?<5Xk >4 4B;9<>4><^ <;?<894_6<BX< B: 8=5X:j?54e:

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x <B<5Z94^ 6:X9[4gb:^ 9BX<5<;;< x 4B;9<>4>< \64; ?:><

4=6<BX45 4B;9<>4>< B: 8=5X:j?54e:c x >9;Xr5a9: >: ;:B:^ X4BX: 9B;fB94 8:6: ]9?<5;fB94 \64;

?:>< 84=;45 9B;fB94 B: 8=5X:j?54e:c

=ERFRIAGHI e:_:3X

w [9>4C FM]

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x *.- \$"cx >:<Bg4 >9;3f5984 ?5<6<B;X5=4_ x ?<5X ?pB98: \$"c x

?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \$"c x *+*D \$"c x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$"c

#<84B9;6: 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4^ ><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^

4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984^ *3.1<* -*#*-,!*!" !" >3'X1"*$ * $"-*#6*/&' !*

!'#*<,+* " *1<"+6*$ * 6$*+%<,%%&' !" !'#*<,+* 5"+"$.,*( <'6,:*/&'( -'+-"+6$*/&'8^

*+6*.'+,%6* %,.<* 3,.",$' 5"0",6'% *+%,'376,-' " *+6,#%,-;6,-'Y8 

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C %,+6'<*% .*%6$',+6"%6,+*,% \>969B=9gb: >: 4?<X9X<^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^:a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84c Y 649; <3<9X:; d=< :=X5:; ++0,;^ 9B;fB94^ ;<>4gb: \"nKc^ X5<6:5<;^

8<34_<94;^ X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^ ]<6:554Z94;^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4 \545:c^ ]9?:X<B;b: \4,4&c^ 8:B[=_;h<;

\4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;: \#& %149&B/4,C&c^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \>969B=9gb:

>4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb: 4X54;4>4^ >9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_c^ <6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_ \+*H"%(

+&/,)"#*4D"%&c

/:564C8? Gt^ "tt6Z^ ;:_ :54_ Ft6Zn6'

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b: < *.-C GtjFtt6Zn>^ 8:6<g45 8:6 Gt6Zn>^ 4=6<BX:; ;<64B49;

*pB98: < *D+(C FGjFtt6Zn>^ 8:6<g45 8:6 FG6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 Gt6Zn> B4

?596<954 ;<64B4

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_ <6 6:B:X<54?94m [f69X:;^ ;<>4gb:^ 4_X<54gh<; )-1^ ?=?9_4;

>9_4X4>4;^ 4Z9X4gb:^ 6:5X<; 8:6 7_8::_ < :=X54; ;=a;XpB894; 9_V89X4;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C ><[< ;<5 3<9X4C 5<>=gb: >< Gtu <6 H >94;^ 5<>=gb: >< Gtu <6 H >94;^ ><?:9;

?4545

,BX<548gh<;C \9B9a< -z*F(M >:;< ><?<B><BX<c

Page 8: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 8/140

 

9#$. } ;<5X54_9B4 \8:BX54j9B>984gb: Y ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:c

*5<84=gh<;C \[9>< 3_=:i<X9B4c

-:BX549B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C \[9>< 3_=:i<X9B4c x ;:_=gb: :54_ 8:BX54j9B>984>4 8:6 >9;;=_39546

?:5d=< 8:BXW6 7_8::_

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949; \[9>< 3_=:i<X9B4c %".1$' +* *<*<"+6*/&' 

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><?5<;b: 4XV?984 x 34>9Z4 < a49i4 <B<5Z94 x >:<BX<; d=< d=<5<6 <[9X45

]9?<5?5:_48X9BW694 \8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;^ Z4_48X:55<94^ ?f;j6<B:?4=;984;c x !'"+6"%

%"+%7:",% *' *1<"+6' !* VRA !" '16$'% ==RG 5S ' Z+,-' X1" +&' *1<"+6* ."$*3<"+6"8  x

375648: >< <;8:_]4 B4 >:<Bg4 845>V484 \?f;j)$#c x *+6,!"#$"%%,:' !" *-/&' #'6"+6" x

6"'$,-*<"+6" *%%'-,*!' * <"+'$ ,+!,0"$"+/* "<'-,'+*3 X1" '16$'% ==RG 5#'$ ,+,>,/&' !*

$"-*#6*/&' !* !'#*<,+*8 x a:4 X:_<54a9_9>4><

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9BV89: >: X54X46<BX: <6 >:<BX<; 4B;9:;:; 8:6 4_Z=64 9B;fB94 x8:6:5a9_9>4>< 8:6 ;VB>5:6< >: 8f_:B 9559X7[<_ \#*$"-" 6"$ <*,% "0",6'% .*%6$'J,+6"%6,+*,% X1"

'16$'% ==RG%cx ?:>< B<8<;;9X45 X9X=_4gb:

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94n]9?<5;fB94 \?:>< 84=;45 9B;fB94^

;:a5<X=>: B: 8=5X:j?54e:c x 4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 8:6?:5X46<BX: <[9X4BX<^ 5<j<i?<59<B894gb:^

]9?<5[9Z9_pB894

VIRCDEFGHI ;<5:i4X^ ?4i<X9_

w [9>4C FK]

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ><?5<;;b: 6<_4B8f_984 \$c x *.- \$"c x >:<Bg4 >9;3f5984

?5<6<B;X5=4_ x ?<5X ?pB98: \$"cx ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \$"c x *+*D \$"c x ?<5X 4B;9<>4><

Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$"c x 0'>,* "%#"-70,-* \Qc x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \6:B:X<54?94 \)c^ 8:6a9B4gb:

8:6 _VX9: := [4_?5:4X: \(Gc x <`48=_4gb: ?5<8:8<

#<84B9;6: 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4^ ><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^

4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984^ 6"< */["% *+6,-'3,+S$.,-*% 3,.",$*% 5*/&' $9#,!*

4,#+;6,-* " *+%,'376,-*8^ >3'X1",' !* $"-*#6*/&' !* HI 3,.",$'

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; \>969B=9gb: >: 4?<X9X<^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84cx :a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ %"!*/&' \HnKc \(H("9&. ,#9")1.%,4$#"%&.c x

9B;fB94^ X5<6:5<;^ 8<34_<94;^ X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^ ]<6:554Z94;^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4 \4,4&c x

8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ .*+4' !" #"%' 5K\]( +1<* <,+'$,*8 x >9;3=Bgb:

;<i=4_ \>969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb: 4X54;4>4^ >9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_c^

<6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_ < 8:ZB9X9[:^ >9;89BW;94 :5:34894_^ 6"$*6'."+,-,!*!" 

/:564C 8? Ft6Z^ ;:_ :54_ F6Zn6'^ "t6Zn6'

Page 9: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 9/140

 

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b:C FtjGt6Zn>m 9B98945 Ft6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 "t6Zn> 84>4 ;<64B4^ >:;< rB984k

*<5X ?pB98: < 4Z:5:3:a94C "tjMt6Zn>m 9B98945 "t6Zn>

/:a94 ;:894_C FtjGt6Zn>^ 9B98945 Ft6Zn>

*D+(C FtjGt6Zn>^ 9B98945 Ft6Zn>

1$(C FtjGt6Zn>^ 9B98945 Ft6Zn>

*.-C FtjMt6Zn>

Q_:d=<9: 5<84?X4gb: >4 %$ <6 >:;<; 4_X4;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C ;9BX:64; >< ?59[4gb: 4;;:894>:; 4 ;=;?<B;b: \649; 35<d=<BX< d=< :=X5:;

++0,;^ ?5:[4[<_6<BX< ?:5 5<a:=B> 4BX98:_9BW5Z98: 4>989:B4_cx B: <BX4BX:^ 4 649:594 >:;>:<BX<; X:_<54 =64 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: B=64 ;<64B4 x B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 ?5:a_<64; Z54[<; ><

><;8k^ 5<>=e95 "u 84>4 H >94;^ >=54BX< 6<;<;^ >9_=9B>: <6 "tt6' >< ;=6: >< 35=X4 x 4>989:B45

:=X5: ++0, \3_=:i<X9B4c

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_ <6 6:B:X<54?94m [f69X:;^ ;<>4gb:^ 4_X<54gb: >: 59X6: 845>V48:^

?=?9_4; >9_4X4>4;^ a:84 ;<84

,BX<548gh<;C \{Gu _9Z4>: 4 ?5:X<VB4;^ 9B9a9>:5 649; ?:X<BX< >: -z*F(M^ >:;< ><?<B><BX<^

<6a:54 54?9>46<BX< 5<[<5;V[<_c

-_:e4?9B4}?45:i<X9B4

D46:i93<B:}?45:i<X9B4 \9B9a< 4 3:564gb: >: 6<X4a:_9X: 48X9[: >: X46:i93<B:c

*5<84=gh<;C 4: 9B98945 := 4>989:B45 :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; B=6 ?<5V:>: >< F ;<64B4; 4?f;

;=;?<B;b:x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<; x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6

a9?:_45<; x 48X9[4gb: < 9><4gb: ;=989>4^ ;:a5<X=>: <6 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;

-:BX549B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C \[9>< 3_=:i<X9B4c

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C a49i45 4 >:;<^ 9BV89: "t6Zn>^ 67i96: Kt6Zn>

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C a49i45 4 >:;<^ 9BV89: "t6Zn>^ 67i96: Kt6Zn>m 09$<*-'

*+6,!"#$"%%,:' $"-'<"+!*!' \#4=>;_<yc

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C >4>:; ?5<_969B45<; ;=Z<5<6 ;<Z=54Bg4

,>:;:;C a49i45 4 >:;<^ 9BV89: "t6Zn>^ 67i96: Kt6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 4?5:[4>: ?454 *.-^ 3:a94 ;:894_ := ><?5<;;b:^ 64;

?45<8< ;<5 <3984e

Page 10: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 10/140

 

^$*:,!"U_ -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ecm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;:

B4 Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<` $,%-' !" <*3J0'$<*/["% -*$!7*-*% \><3<9X:;

[<BX598=_45<; < ;<?X49;c ;:a5<X=>: 4;;:894>: 4: =;: B: "~ X596<;X5< < <6

>:;<€FG6Zn>m B: H~ X596<;X5< 59;8: >< >9398=_>4><; 5<;?954Xf594;m 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94

B4 6b< >=54BX< : ?45X:m ?454 4; 6b<; d=< <;Xb: 6<>984>4;^ ?454 6=9X:; >:<BX<; :

59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_ • 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45 x %".1$'^ >:; 4Z<BX<; 8:6

649; <;X=>:; B<;X< >:6VB9:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'"+6"% -'< #"$61$>*/&' !" *+%,"!*!" Q ,+%;+,* x !"#$"%%&' "

*+%,"!*!" \]4a9X=4_6<BX< : 4BX9><?5<;;9[: <;8:_]9>:cx 6<B:5 [954Z<6 ?454 64B94 :=

]9?:64B94 d=< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; \4BX9><?5<;;9[: >< 48gb: 6<B:; ?:X<BX<c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ]9?<5;fB94 x *3U4",<"$ '1 !S0,-"% -'.+,6,:'% x 4X54;: ?;98:6:X:5^34>9Z4^ a49i4 <B<5Z94 x >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: x 649; 4;;:894>: 4

!,%01+/&' %"21*3 d=< :=X5:; ++0,; x %,+6'<*% !" #$,:*/&' *%%'-,*!'% * %1%#"+%&' \649;

35<d=<BX<c \?45:i<X9B4 9B9a< : ;<= ?5f?59: 6<X4a:_9;6:c x 6<B:5 <3987894 4BX9><?5<;;9[4 x

6=_]<5<; <6 9>4>< 3W5X9_ := Z57[9>4;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x 4B;9<>4>< x >9;Xr5a9: >: ;:B:^ ;:a5<X=>: 9B;fB94 x 4X4d=<;

>< ?pB98:^ 8:6?:5X46<BX: <[9X4BX<^ 5<j<i?<59<B894gb:^ ]9?<5[9ZV_94

@ABTCDIaGHI >=6y5:i

w [9>4C Ft]

,B>984gh<;C *.- \$"c x ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ?<5X ?pB98: \$"cx ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \$"c x *D+( x

1$( x ;9BX:64; :a;<;;9[:; B4 );d=9e:35<B94

#<84B9;: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4^ ><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^

4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984^ *+6*.'+,%6* #'6"+6" %,.<* b 5%"!*/&' " 0*!,.*( ,+7-,'

$9#,!' !" "0",6'% +* #"$61$>*/&' !" *+%,"!*!" " ,+%;+,*^ < ?:>< <i?_9845 X46aW6 [4BX4Z<6B4 ><?5<;;b: ?;98fX984c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %,+6'<*% .*%6$',+6"%6,+*,% \>969B=9gb: >: 4?<X9X<^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84cx %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 9B;fB94^ X5<6:5<;^ 8<34_<94;^ X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^

]<6:554Z94;^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4 \4,4&c x 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;:^

>9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \>969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb: 4X54;4>4^ >9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_c^

<6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_

/:564C 8? Gt^ "tt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

Page 11: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 11/140

 

(<?5<;;b:C "ttjFtt6Zn>^ >:;< 9B9894_ Gt6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 ?:5 Gt6Zn> 84>4 K 4 I >94;

VCN < :=X54; ?<5X 4B;9<>4><C "ttjHtt6Zn>k

>45 <6 F >:;<; ;< €"Gt6Zn> ?454 4=6<BX45 4 X:_<5pB894

.[<5>:;<C 34X4_9>4><; 5454;^ <6 6:B:X<54?94 := 8:6a9B4gb:^ ;<>4gb:^ X:BX=54;^ [f69X:;^

>9455<94^ ?=_;: 955<Z=_45^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ 8:64^ >9398=_>4>< 5<;?954Xf594

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb:^ 649:594 B=64 ;<64B4 \Gtu <6 H >94;^ Gtu <6 H >94;^ ><?:9; ?4545c

G+6"$*-/["%C

$Z:6<_4X9B4}3_=[:i469B4

$69B:39_9B4 < X<:39_9B4 } 3_=[:i469B4 \[759:; 84;:; >< X:i989>4>< >4 X<:39_9B4

?5:[4[<_6<BX< [94 -z*"$Fc

-_:e4?9B4}3_=[:i469B4

(=_:i<X9B4}3_=[:i469B4 \=;: ><;48:B;<_]4>: ?:5 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:c

9#$.}3_=[:i469B4

#95X4e4?9B4}3_=[:i469B4

/<B9X:VB4} 3_=[:i469B4

046<_X<:B} 3_=[:i469B4

E4539B4}/_=[:i469B4 \>:; ++0, W : d=< X<6 <3<9X: 649; ?:X<BX< B4 [4539B4^ 4=6 ,%0m

<_<[4gb: 64BXW6j;< F ;<64B4; 4?f; ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >4 3_=[:i469B4^ ?5:_:BZ4>: :

<3<9X:c

*5<84=gh<;C \[9>< ?45:i<X9B4c x 3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4><

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 9#$.^ ?96:e9><

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C a49i45 4 >:;< := >45 6<B:; 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^ ?454 6<X4><^ =;45

X9X=_4gb: 649; _<BX4

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C >4>:; ?5<_969B45<; ;=Z<5<6 ;<Z=54Bg4

,>:;:;C a49i45 4 >:;< < X9X=_4gb: 649; _<BX4

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 4?5:[4>: B4 *.- <BX5< Jj"I 4B:;m FG6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45

FGn> 84>4 K 4 I >94;

Page 12: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 12/140

 

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94 B4 6b< >=54BX< : ?45X:m ?454

4; 6b<; d=< <;Xb: 6<>984>4;^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_ •

8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45m :; ?5:>=X:5<;

><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !"#$"%%&' <,%6*\*+%,'%* x !"#$"%%&' #%,-;6,-* x >:<BX<; 845>V48:; x

6<B:5 9B89>oB894 >< >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ d=< :=X5:; ++0,;

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 8f_:B 9559X7[<_ := d=<9i4; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; x ?:>< B<8<;;9X45

X9X=_4gb: >< >:;< < !'%*."< K2\! x 6<B:5 <3987894 4BX9><?5<;;9[4

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x 4B;9<>4><

NGFIACVRIa

w [9>4C HH]

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x *.- \QH^ : ++0, 8:6 6<B:5 <[9>oB894cx ?<5X ?pB98: \$"c x ?<5X

4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \QHc x *D+( x 1$( x ?<5X >9;3f5984 ?5Wj6<B;X5=4_

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4 \649; ;<_<8X9[: d=< :; :=X5:; ++0,c^

><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^ 4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984^ *+6*.'+,%<' Mb

3,.",$' 5%"!*/&'( 0*!,.*8 

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; \>969B=9gb: >: 4?<X9X<^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84cx %"!*/&' 5K\]8( 9B;fB94^ X5<6:5<;^ 8<34_<94;^ X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^

]<6:554Z94;^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4 \4,4&c^ +,S$( \4,4&c^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^

B<=X5: B4 4_X<54gb: >: ?<;:^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \>969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb:

4X54;4>4^ >9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_c^ <6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_ < 8:ZB9X9[:^ >:;<; ;=?<59:5<; 4 Kt6Zn>

4;;:8946j;< 4 #$'3'+.*<"+6' cF-

/:564C 8? "t^ Ft^ Kt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

FtjKt 6Zn>^ 8:6<g45 8:6 Ft6Zn> \4X<Bgb: 4 4=6<BX: >: D8c

.[<5>:;<C 545:^ [f69X:;^ ;<>4gb:^ 4_X<54gb: >: 59X6: 845>V48: \?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8c^ B7=;<4;^

X5<6:5<;^ 46BW;94^ 8:B3=;b:^ 8:64^ 8:B[=_;h<;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: W B<8<;;7594 ]4a9X=4_6<BX<^ 64; W ?5=><BX< B=64 ;<64B4

,BX<548gh<;C ;<6

Page 13: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 13/140

 

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<; x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6

a9?:_45<; x 48X9[4gb: < 9><4gb: ;=989>4^ ;:a5<X=>: <6 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 9#$.^ X9:59>4e9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;< B4 ,0 _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4^ =;45 8:6

84=X<_4 B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 ,0 Z54[<

G+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-*C >:;< 5<8:6<B>4>4 Ft6Zn>m 4BX9><?5<;;9[: $"-'<"+!*!' 

\#4=>;_<yc

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C B: <BX4BX: 4=6<BX: D8 4;;:894>: 4 >:;<; 4_X4;m <[9X45 B:;

>:<BX<; 8:6 59;8: >< 4559X694

,>:;:;C Ft6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 4?5:[4>:^ 64; ?45<8< ;<5 ;<Z=5:

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94 B4 6b< >=54BX< : ?45X:m ?454

4; 6b<; d=< <;Xb: 6<>984>4;^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_ •

8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45m :; ?5:>=X:5<;

><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ,!'%'% x >:<BX<; <i8<;;9[46<BX< 48X9[4>:; := ;<>4>:; ?:5 :=X5:; ++0,;

x #'!" %"$ <*,% 6'3"$9:"3 X1" '16$'% ==RG% x <"+'% !,%01+/&' %"21*3 X1" '16$'% ==RG%

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?:>< B<8<;;9X45 X9X=_4gb: ?454 f?X964 <3987894 x ?:>< ;<5 ;<>4X9[:

B4_Z=B; >:<BX<; x <[9X45 B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 59;8: >< 4559X694 x 6<B:; X:_<54>: d=< <;89X4_:?546

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ 4B;9<>4><^ >9;Xr5a9: >: ;:B: \9B;fB94 := ]9?<5;fB94c^

4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 8:6?:5X46<BX: <[9X4BX<^ 5<j<i?<59<B894gb:^ ]9?<5[9ZV_94

E=NGFIACVRIa 89?54_<i 

w [9>4C Ht]

?45X98=_459>4><;C a_:d=<9: >: 5<8<?X:5 >4 $"-*#6*/&' !* %"$'6'+,+* S <*,% %"3"-6,:' X1" '%

'16$'% ==RG d -,6*3'#$*<J"+*6,;<"$' $*-S<,-' 5*+6,4,%6*<7+,-' " ,+,>,!'$ !' -,6'-$'<'8

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$"c x ?<5X ?pB98: \$"cx *.- \$"cx*D+( x ?<X=5a4gb: 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \$"cx ?<5X >9;3f5984 ?5Wj6<B;X5=4_

Page 14: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 14/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4^ ><;;<B;9a9_9e4 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^

4=6<BX4 4 X54B;69;;b: ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; \>969B=9gb: >: 4?<X9X<^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84cx ;<>4gb: \"nKc^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \"nKc^ 9B;fB94^ X5<6:5<;^ 8<34_<94;^

X:BX=54;^ ;=>4gb:^ ]<6:554Z94;^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4 \4,4&c^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94\4,4&c^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \>969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ 4B:5Z4;694^ <`48=_4gb: 4X54;4>4^ >9;3=Bgb:

<5W8X9_c^ <6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_ < 8:ZB9X9[:^ #$'3'+.*<"+6' cF-

/:564C 8? "t^ Ft6Z x ;:_k :54_ Ft6Zn6'

>:;< 9B9894_C "t6Zn>

>:;< 4_[:C Ft6Zn> \"t Y Ft 6Zn>c^ 4 d=4_d=<5 ]:54 >: >94k (:;< 67i964 Kt6Zn>^ 64;

4X<Bgb: 4 4=6<BX: D8

.[<5>:;<C ?5:[4[<_6<BX< ;<6<_]4BX< 4 89X4_:?546

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: B<8<;;759:^ 64; ?5=><BX<

,BX<548gh<;C ;<6

*5<84=gh<;C \[9>< 89X4_:?546c

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 9#$.

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C ?:=8:; >4>:;^ 64; 8:6<g45 8:6 "t6Zn>

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C >:;< 5<8:6<B>4>4 "t6Zn>

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C B: <BX4BX: 4=6<BX: D8

,>:;:;C "t6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 8:6?5:[4>4

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94 B4 6b< >=54BX< : ?45X:m ?454

4; 6b<; d=< <;Xb: 6<>984>4;^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_ •

8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45m :; ?5:>=X:5<;

><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 4 X:645 6<>984gb: 8:B8:69X4BX< x +"-"%%,!*!" !" ,+7-,' !"

*/&' <*,% $9#,!' x *+6,!"#$"%%,:' !" *-/&' #'6"+6" x *+6,!"#$"%%,:' <*,% 6'3"$*!' x 6<B:;

>9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ d=< :=X5:; ++0,;

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C ?5<g:

Page 15: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 15/140

 

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ 4B;9<>4><^ >9;Xr5a9: >: ;:B: \9B;fB94 := ]9?<5;fB94c^

4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 8:6?:5X46<BX: <[9X4BX<^ 5<j<i?<59<B894gb:^ ]9?<5[9ZV_94

$%D$1.%,+D$n,%,Q,(.0 ($ 0)-$*D$‚P. ($ +)0.D.%,%$ \+$0,c

FRIeCOCHI X59X98=6^ X59X98=6 $-^ X54e:B< $-

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C =IRG 5%"$'6'+,+ *+6*.'+,%6\$"1#6*f" ,+4,>,6'$8 6<84B9;6: >=4_ >4

;<5:X:B9B4 Y *+6*.'+,%<' #'6"+6" LMFKI " LMFKN 8:6a9B4>: 8:6 4gb: Bb: Xb: ?:X<BX< ><

,+,>,/&' !* $"-*#6*/&' !* %"$'6'+,+* \+0,ck

w [9>4C H 4 {]

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5^ 9B;fB94^ 4B;9<>4>< \=X9_9e4>: 8:6: ;<>4X9[:^ =X9_9e4>: B4;

!"<?+-,*% -'< *.,6*/&'^ B4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >< ae?c^ >9;89BW;94 94X5:ZWB984;^ 4Z9X4gb: <

4Z5<;;b: B4 ><6oB894

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ <><64^ [9;b: X=5[4^ :aX9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ 4,#'6"+%&' 

:5X:;X7X984 \=7&J1("& ,7H, :c^ ;VB8:?<^ #$,*#,%<' \4,4&c^ X:BX=54;^ 34>9Z4^ 8<34_<94;^ %"!*/&'

5g\]8( 4X4i94^ X5<6:5^ a54>9875>94 ;9B=;4_ :84;9:B4_ \7&#D&B/4,C&c^ *1<"+6' !' cF-^ 4_:?W894^

Z4B]: >< ?<;: \"nKc^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ 54;] \4,4&c^ ?4_9Bf?;94

/:564C 8?^ 8? _9a 6:>93984>4 \;<6 Z<BW598:c

*:;:_:Z94C

,B;fB94C FGjGt6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 Gtj"tt6Z^ 64; 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6

B<8<;;9X45 4 >:;< 4BX9><?5<;;9[4 \>:;<; a49i4; <i?_:546 : 4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$ j

;<>4X9[:c

(<?5<;;b:C "GtjKtt 6Zn>^ <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 Gt6Z 84>4 H 4 K >94;

\X9X=_4gb: _<BX4 ?454 <[9X45 ;:B:_oB894 >9=5B4 Y <i?_:54gb: >: 6<84B9;6: ><

5<84?X4gb: >< ;<5:X:B9B4ck #7i96: Mtt6Zn> \<6 9BX<5B46<BX:c

.?X969e4gb: 8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;C =;45 8:6: B4; >:;<; ?454 9B;fB94

Page 16: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 16/140

 

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_m ;<>4gb:^ [f69X:;^ ?594?9;6:^ >9398=_>4>< 5<;?954Xf594^ 8:B[=_;h<;^

4_X<54gh<; )-1

,BX<54gh<;C

U_8::_}X54e:>:B< \;<>4gb: 4>9X9[4c

E4539B4 } X54e:>:B< \,%0 ?:>< 8495 d=4B>: X54e:>:B4 W 4>989:B4>4 4 [4539B4 < 4=6

d=4B>: W ?454>4 B|"c

*5<84=gh<;C <3<9X:; 4>9X9[:; 8:6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%- x ;< ?594?9;6:^ ><;8:BX9B=45 x

4[9;45 >:<BX<; ?454 ?5:8=545<6 4`=>4 6W>984 96<>94X4 ;< ?594?9;6: x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6

>:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<;^ >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 9#$.

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< 5<B4_

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C ?:>< ;<5 4559X6:ZWB98:^ 6:B9X:59e45 4?<5X4>46<BX< x Bb:

5<8:6<B>4>: B: ?f;j)$#

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 54?4e<; ?:><6 ;<5 649; ;<B;V[<9; 4 <5<8gh<; ?5:_:BZ4>4; d=<

4>=_X:;

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_

• 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C B4 9B;fB94 d=4B>: W ?5<3<5V[<_ <[9X45 4Z<BX<; d=< 84=;<6 ><?<B>oB894

x 8:6: 4>`=[4BX< B: X54X46<BX: >< 4B;9<>4>< 5<;9>=4_ < 9B;fB94 8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; x

><?5<;;b: 8:6 4B;9<>4>< x >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 <3<9X:; ;<i=49; := Z4B]: >< ?<;: x

6<B:5 ?5:a4a9_9>4>< >< 9B>=e95 64B94 d=< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; x !,%01+/&' %"21*3 S $*$*

\4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$nF-^ ($c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B894;C >:<BX<; 8:6 34>9Z4^ ]9?<5;fB94 x 9BX:_<5pB894 4 <3<9X:; ;<>4X9[:;

\6=9X4; [<e<; Bb: W X:_<54>4 <6 6:B:X<54?94 ?:5 ;<>4gb:< <i8<;;9[4 8:6 >:;<;€"Gt6Zn>c

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ><?5<;;b:^ 4B;9<>4><^ 4_X<54gh<; >: ;:B:

Page 17: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 17/140

 

%)/$R.(.%$ Bb: =X9_9e4>: <6 *:5X=Z4_

GHGhGOCRE= OI RENIVFIijC OI HCRIOREHIAGHI E OCVIaGHI 5HORG8

hBVRCVGCH  ƒ<__a=X59B^ <_:BX59_^ eya4B

+VB>5:6< >< >W398< >< >:?469B4 Y >969B=9gb: >: 43<8X: ?:;9X9[: \]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ ?<5>4 ><

4_<Z594^ ?<5>4 >< 9BX<5<;;<n?54e<5^ ?<5>4 >< <B<5Z94n<BX=;94;6:^ >969B=9gb: >4 4X<Bgb:^

>969B=9gb: >4 4=X:j<;X964c

w [9>4C 6<X4a:_9X: 48X9[: FG]^ 64; ]7 =64 [4594a9_9>4>< 96?:5X4BX<

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5^ 4>9gb: B98:X9B4^ ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \<6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 _VX9: :=

[4_?5:4X: \(Gc^ $(S(^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C HORG 5+'$*!$"+*3,+"( !'#*<,+" $"1#6*f" ,+4,>,6'$8( a_:d=<94

_9Z<9546<BX< 4 5<84?X4gb: >4 %$^ a_:d=<94 _9Z<9546<BX< 4 5<84?X4gb: >< >:?469B4 \($ W]4a9X=4_6<BX<^ B:=X54; ;9X=4gh<;^ 9B48X9[4>4 B: 8f5X<i 35:BX4_ ?<_4 %$cm 6:>=_4>:5

4>5<BW5Z98:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 9B;fB94^ X5<6:5^ 4Z9X4gb:^ 4B;9<>4><^ >:5 4a>:69B4_^ X9BB=X=;^ 8<34_<94;^

X:BX=54;^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ B7=;<4;^ 4B:5<i94^ ;=>4gb:^ #"$!* !" #"%'^ 694_Z94;^ 54;]^

MFI^ -'+:13%["% !4,4&3 .&=4(91+& #, 7"=(49,52& ")(+",9,3 =,"K, 7")",4 %&#817."8& B (8"9,4

,1)(#9,4 , +&.( ),". J1( >6L)DM+ c^ ]9?:64B94 \4,4&3 )(#&. %&)1) +& J1( %&) &194&.

,#9"+(/4(.."8&.c^ 64B94 \4,4&c^ ;=989>4_9>4>< \4,4&3 ,8".& NOP +&. :Q ,&. -> ,#&.c

/:564C 8? _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4 >< "Gt6Z^ Htt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b:C "Gt6Z >< 64B]b^ ?:><j;< 4=6<BX45 ?454 Htt6Zn> 4?f; K >94;^ 67i96:

KGt6Zn>

I!,/&' !" +,-'6,+*C "Gt6Zn>^ 67i96: Htt6Zn>^ X54X46<BX: ><[< 8:6<g45 " 4 F

;<64B4; 4BX<; >: X4a48: ;<5 ><;8:BX9B=4>:^ 8:BX9B=45 ?:5 M ;<64B4;

VMOI \Fq _9B]4c

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_m 8:B[=_;h<;^ 4_X<54gh<; 845>V484;^ 4_=89B4gh<;^ ?<5>4 >< 8:B;89oB894

Page 18: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 18/140

 

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C W ?5=><BX<^ 64; Bb: ]7 5<Z9;X: >< 5<4gh<; >< 4a;X9BoB894

*45X98=_459>4><;C 4>989:B4>: 35<d=<BX<6<BX< 4 ++0, ?454 4_9[945 <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; 8:6: >96

>4 _9a9>:^ 34>9Z4 := ;<>4gb:k

,BX<54gh<;C

_j>:?4 } a=?5:?59:BC <i89X4gb:^ 484XV;94^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ X5<6:5<;

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4 <6 375648:; d=< 4=6<BX<6 : 59;8: >< 8:B[=_;h<; \X598V8_98:;^

_VX9:^ 3<B:X94e9B4;^ X9:i4BX<B:;^ 4_Z=B; 4BX9?;98fX98:;c x >:<BX<; 4 34e<5 _<[:>:?4 : 464BX4>9B4

\48X9[4gb: >:?469BW5Z984 ;9B<5ZV;X984c x Bb: =;45 <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 9B;fB94 Z54[< x =;45 8:6

84=X<_4 <6 a9?:_45<;^ 4 Bb: ;<5 d=< X54X4>:; 8:6 <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; x 59;8: < a<B<3V89: B4 8594Bg4

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C ]i ?<;;:4_ >< 8:B[=_;h<; x ;< >:<BX< X<6 *+'$"2,* '1 >13,<,* 

\?:5d=< a=?5:?59:B <54 6<>984>: <6 >:;<; 4_X4; ?454 : ,#-^ ?5:[:84B>: 8:B[=_;h<;c x ;< :

>:<BX< <;X7 <6 4a;X9BoB894 >< 7_8::_ := ;<>4X9[: x ;< X54=64X9;6: 854B9:j<B8<37_98: 5<8<BX< x;< X=6:5 >: +%- x ;< X:645 9#$. := X9:59>4e9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 8:6<g45 8:6 >:;< 649; a49i4^ >45 6<B:; 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^

6:B9X:59e45 35<d=<BX<6<BX<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 8:6<g45 8:6 >:;< 649; a49i4^ >45 6<B:; 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^

6:B9X:59e45 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^ ;< 8955:;< Z54[<^ Bb: 4=6<BX45 ?454 4_W6 >< "Gt6Zn>

V"$61$>*/["% -*$!7*-*%C ?:=8:; >4>:;^ <[9>oB894 >< 4=6<BX: >4 *$

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 3:9 <;X4a<_<89>4^ ?:>< ;<5 =;4>4 B4 $(S(

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 Q \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; Bb: 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_

• 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:k H&' $"-'<"+!*!' 5a*1!%3"k8( -'< #'1-'% !*!'% X1"

%1%6"< * %".1$*+/*l 

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><?5<;;b: 5<X45>4>4 x !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* \5<>=e ]9?<5;fB94 < 34>9Z4cx

><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \6<B:5 [954Z<6 ?454 64B94 := ]9?:64B94 d=< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; j

4BX9><?5<;;9[: >< *-/&' <"+'% #'6"+6"cx !'"+6"% #$"'-1#*!'% -'< !,%01+/&' %"21*3 5+&'

*-61* +* LMF8 x ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 Z4B]: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4 845>V484 x >:<BX<;

8:6 #%"1!'!"<?+-,*  x a:4 X:_<54a9_9>4>< x 6<_]:594 >: 43<8X: ?:;9X9[: \?54e<5^ 4_<Z594^

<B<5Z94^ <BX=;94;6:^ 4X<Bgb:^ 4=X:j8:B394Bg4c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 ?<5>4 >< ?<;: 4;;:894>4 • ><?5<;;b: x >:<BX<;<i8<;;9[46<BX< 48X9[4>:; x <[9X45 B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 59;8: >< 4559X694 x ?:>< <i48<5a45 X98;

Page 19: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 19/140

 

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x ?<5X=5a4gh<; >: ;:B:^ ;:a5<X=>: ]9?<5;fB94 x 854[9BZ

4;;:894>4 4 4a;X9BoB894 >< B98:X9B4 x 3=B89:B46<BX: 8:ZB9X9[:

+%0, \,%,Q,(.0)+ (&*'.+ ($ 0)-$*D$‚P.c Y Hq 1)0$‚P.

+%0,| ;<5:X:B9BjB:5<?9B<?59B< 5<=?X4l< 9B]9a9X:5

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 2F 6<84B9;6:; < 6<9:@ %"$'6'+,+S$.,-'( +'$*!$"+S$.,-'( "

!'#'<,+S$.,-' +' -;$6"2 #$SJ0$'+6*3 5!'%"% <*,% *36*%8

TEHAI@IDGHI <3<i:5 „0^ ?548<X^ e45<_9i

w [9>4C ""] \6<X4a:_9X: 48X9[:c 8=5X4

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: x ><?5<;;b: 6<_4B8f_984 \$c x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \$"c x ?<5X

4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$"c x ?<5X ?pB98: \$"c x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \<6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 _VX9:

:= _46:X59Z9B4 \-"^Kc x 39a5:694_Z94 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984 x *+*D \$"c

F"%6"%C 4[4_945 *$ 4BX<; < 5<Z=_456<BX< >=54BX< : X54X46<BX:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 8<34_<94^ *+%,"!*!"^ 9B;fB94^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc^ +91%"*%…^ >9455<94^ 4B:5<i94^

8<34_<94^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \>969B=9gb: >: ><;<`:^ <`48=_4gb:n:5Z4;6: 4B:564_^ 96?:XoB894c^

4;X<B94^ ;=>4gb:^ +,S$(^ ]9?:B4X5W694^ X5<6:5 \,%9"8,52& =(9, : ( -c^ MFI…^ -'+:13%["% \4,4&c^

]9?:64B94 \4,4&c^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;: \%149&B/4,C&c^ ;9BX:64; >< ?59[4gb: 4;;:894>:; 4 ;=;?<B;b:

\),". H4(J1(#9(c^ [954Z<6 64BV484^ 4=6<BX: D8 B4 :[<5>:;<^ ]9?<5?5:_48X9B<694^

<6a:X46<BX: <6:89:B4_ \() +&.(. =,"K,.3 /&4 +*H"%( +( OPc

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C 8? _9a ?5:_:BZ4>4^ HI^G6Z^ IG6Z^ "Gt6Z^ FFG6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b:C IGjFFG6Zn> \!*$ K2\!c

*k ?pB98:C IGjFFG6Zn>

Page 20: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 20/140

 

*$1C "GtjFFG6Zn> <6 _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4

>:;< 9B9894_C HI^G6Zn>^ 4=6<BX:; >< IG6Z 84>4 K >94;^ 67i96: HIG6Zn>

IGjFFG 6Zn> \?5<>:69B4BX<6<BX< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:^ ?:XoB894 <_<[4>4c

FFGjHIG6Zn> \>=4_ GSD < %$^ <;X< >< ?:XoB894 6:><54>4c 4;;96^ Bb:

5<;?:B><>:5<; <6 >:;<; a49i4; ><[<6 [<5 4 >:;< 4=6<BX4>4 ?454 <3<9X:

X<54?o=X98:

€HIG 6Zn> \a_:d=<9: W X46aW6 >:?469BW5Z98:c

O"%-'+6,+1*/&'C 6=9X:; >:<BX<; X:_<546 5<>=gb: B=64 ;<64B4 x ?454 >:<BX<; 8:6

;VB>5:6< >< 4a;X9BoB894 Z54[<^ ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;7594 4 X9X=_4gb: <6 [759:; 6<;<; \5<>=e95 4

>:;< <6 "u 84>4 H >94;^ <;64Z4B>: : 8? < >9;;:_[<B>: <6 "tt6' >< ;=6: >< 35=X4^ 5<X954B>:

?454 3:54 " 6' < a<a<B>: : 5<;X:^ H 4 I >94; ><?:9; 5<X9545 F 6' <X8 x ?:>< ;<5 rX9_ 4>989:B45

=6 ++0, \3_=:i<X9B4c 4BX<; >4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb:

.[<5>:;<C #'!" %"$ 3"6*3m ;<>4gb:^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ X4d=9875>94 x 649; 6:5X<; <6 :[<5>:;< d=<

8:6 ++0,;

,BX<54gh<;C 6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*F(M < -z*H$Kc =;: 8:6 9Ba9>:5<; ?:X<BX<; >4 -z*H$K

\8<X:8:Be4:_^ <59X5:6989B4c < -z*F(M <[9X4>:; ;< ?:;;V[<_

9#$.}[<B_434i9B4

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< -'+:13%["% x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: B4

>:<Bg4 845>V484 x <6 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;

-:BX54j9B>984gb: 4a;:_=X4C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_: 3<8]4>: Bb: 8:BX5:_4>: x 9#$.

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 5<>=e95 FGjGtum >:<BX<; <6 >97_9;< Bb: ><[<6 5<8<a<5 4 >:;<

;=a;d=<BX< 4XW >97_9;< 8:6?_<X4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 5<>=e95 Gtu

V"$61$>*/["% -*$!7*-*%C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:m 4=6<BX: >4 *$ ><?<B><BX< >< >:;< \W

5454 4XW >:;< >< FFG6Zn>c x 8:BX54j9B>984>: B<;X<; >:<BX<; B: 0& x ?:>< a_:d=<45

84B49; 9fB98:; 9B [9X5: x 5<>=e 4 [4594a_9>4>< >4 35<d=oB894 845>V484

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 3:9 <;X4a<_<89>4^ ?:>< ;<5 =;4>4 B4 $(S(

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_

• 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:k H&' $"-'<"+!*!' 5a*1!%3"k8( -'< #'1-'% !*!'% X1"%1%6"< * %".1$*+/*l 

Page 21: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 21/140

 

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45m :; ?5:>=X:5<;

><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><?5<;;b: 5<X45>4>4 x !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* x >:<BX<; 8:6 4B;9<>4><

8:6f5a9>4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 ><?5<;;b: ?:><6 X<5 X4i4; 649:5<; >< 5<69;;b: 8:6 +%0,; d=<

8:6 ++0, \?:>< ;<5 <3984e <6 >:<BX<; d=< Bb: 5<;?:B><6 4: ++0,;^ =6 >:; 375648:;?5<3<59>:; B4 !"#$"%%&' $"%,%6"+6"l #49; <3984e d=< ++0,; B4 ><?5<;;b: Z54[< d=< 5<d=<954

]:;?9X4_9e4gb:c W !"#$"%%&' -'< %,+6'<*% %'<96,-'% :*%'<'6'$"%( 0*!,.* '1 !'$  \?:X<B894_

<3987894 B4 39a5:694_Z94 < >:5 B<=5:?7X984c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; ;<B;V[<9; • B7=;<4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 SD$ a:5><5_9B< := Bb:

8:BX5:_4>4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4 845>V484 x 649:5 59;8: >< [954Z<6 64BV484 := ]9?:64BV484

\4BX9><?5<;;9[: >< 48gb: ?:X<BX<c x "0",6'% !" *>%6,+?+-,* #'!"< %"$ <*,% -'<1+% " .$*:"%

X1" -'< '16$'% *+6,!"#$"%%,:'%

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ <B<5Z94^ 6:X9[4gb:^ 9BX<5<;;<^ ?<5X=5a4gh<; >: ;:B:^4B;9<>4><

OBACDEFGHI 8y6a4_X4

w [9>4C "F] \6<X4a:_9X:; 9B48X9[:;c

9B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984 >94aWX984 x 9B8:BX9BoB894 =59B7594 >< ;X5<;; x

>:5 85fB984nB<=5:?7X984 x 0,>$'<,*3.,* x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$"c x :=X54;

?<5X=5a4gh<; >4 4B;9<>4><

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C >9455<94^ B7=;<4;^ 4B:5<i94^ 9B;fB94^ ;=>4gb:^ X5<6:5^ MFI !)(#&. J1( 

8(#7,H,K"#, ! 3 ]9?:B4X5W694^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ Z4_48X:55<94^ -'+:13%["% \4,4&c^

]9?:64B94 \4,4&c^ 4"#*6'6'2,-,!*!"^ ;VB>5:6< ?;<=>:4BX98:_9BW5Z98: Y a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^

5<X<Bgb: =59B7594 \,1)(#9& +& 90#1. .")/I9"%& ( +")"#1"52& +& /,4,..")/I9"%&c <6 >:;<;

4_X4;

D<;X<;C *$

/:564C 87?; Ht^ Mt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b: KtjMt6Zn>^ <6 " := F >:;<;^ 64; 8:6<g45 8:6 F >:;<; < 4?f; ]4a9X=4gb:

>45 4?<B4; "m <6 >:;<; 4_X4;^ >45 Fin>

*$1 Ht6Zn>^ ?:><j;< 4=6<BX45 ?454 >:;<; 4BX9><?5<;;9[4;

H"1$'#*6,* !,*>S6,-* Mt6Z

G+-'+6,+?+-,* 1$,+9$,* !" %6$"%%C Kt6Z Fin>

Page 22: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 22/140

 

>:;< 9B9894_C Kt6Zn> <6 " := F >:;<;^ >:;< 67i964 "Ft6Zn> \?:>< ;<5 649; <3984e

<;X4 >:;< >4 ><?5<;;b:c

.[<5>:;<C ;<6 34X4_9>4><;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb: B=64 ;<64B4^ 64; ?:>< ;<5 649; >93V89_ \6<_]:5 d=< [<B_434i9B4c

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*"$F ;:a5<X=>:c

-9?5:3_:i489B4}>=_:i<X9B4 \4d=<_< 9B9a< -z*"$F^ 4=6<BX4B>: :; BV[<9; >< >=_:i<X9B4c

9#$. } >=_:i<X9B4 \59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:c

X4a48: } >=_:i<X9B4 \3=64>:5<; 8:6 Gtu BV[<9; 649; a49i:; d=< Bb: 3=64>:5<;k

4=6<BX45 4 >:;< <6 "Guc

++0, } >=_:i<X9B4 \59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:c

D46:i93<B:}>=_:i<X9B4 \9B9a< 4 3:564gb: >: 6<X4a:_9X: 48X9[: >: X46:i93<B:c

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< -'+:13%["% x <6 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<; x

6:B9X:59e45 4 *$

-:BX54j9B>984gb: 4a;:_=X4C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_: 3<8]4>: Bb: 8:BX5:_4>: x 9#$. x 1%'

%1>%6*+-,*3 !" 93-''3 x X9:59>4e9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C ,0 _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4 : 4`=;X< Bb: W B<8<;;759: x Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:B4 ,0 Z54[<

G+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-*C Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: x Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: <6 4_8:f_98:; x 59;8: ><

<_<[4gb: >4; X54B;469B4;<;

V"$61$>*/["% -*$!7*-*%C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:m 4=6<BX: >4 *$ \<6a:54 6<B:5 d=<

4;;:894>4 • [<B_434i9B4c

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 3:9 <;X4a<_<89>4

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_

• 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 ;9BX:64; 3V;98:; >4 ><?5<;;b: \<3987894 a<6 <;X4a<_<89>4c

x ><?5<;;b: 5<X45>4>4 x !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* x %,+6'<*% %'<96,-'% :*%'<'6'$"%( 0*!,.* " !'$  x

Bb: 5<;?:B><>:5<; := Bb: 5<69X<BX<; 8:6 ++0,; x 9B8:BX9BoB894 =59B7594 >< ;X5<;; \4?5:[4>:

<6 6=9X:; ?4V;<;c x %,+6'<*% -'.+,6,:'% "< ,!'%'% \4=6<BX: >4 >:?469B4c

Page 23: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 23/140

 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?5:a_<64; =5:_fZ98:;( !'"+/*% #$'%696,-*% \]:6<B; 9>:;:;c x

>:<BX<; ;<B;V[<9; •; B7=;<4; x 6<B:5 <3987894 4BX9><?5<;;9[4

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ <B<5Z94^ 6:X9[4gb:^ 9BX<5<;;<^ ?<5X=5a4gh<; >: ;:B:^

;9BX:64; 3V;98:;^ >:5

aGAHINGVRIHC  ,i<_

w [9>4C J]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:^ B:54>5<BW5Z98: \<*,% #'6"+6" HI X1" LMFc <

>:?:69BW5Z98: \>:;<; 649; 4_X4;c^ 4B4X4Z:B9;X4 %#($ \<6 4_X4 >:;<;^ : d=< ?:>< 8:BX59a=95

?454 4gb: B4 >:5 85fB984c

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x 0,>$'<,*3.,* x >:5 85fB984nB<=5:?7X984

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 8<34_<94;^ B<5[:;9;6:^ 9B;fB94^ ;<>4gb: \HnKc^ B7=;<4;^ >9455<94^ 4B:5<i94^

>9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ 4;X<B94^ ;=>4gb:^ +,S$(^ SD$…^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ >9;r594^ #$'>3"<*% 

1$'3;.,-'% \),". J1( &194&. RSTU.c^ ]<;9X4gb: =59B7594^ X4d=9875>94^ ?4_?9X4gh<; x 8:B[=_;h<;

\4,4&c^ 64B94 \4,4&c

/:564C 87?; FG^ Gt6Z

(<?5<;;b:C HtjFtt6Zn> <6 >=4; >:;<;

@,>$'<,*3.,*C Ftt6Zn>

(:;< 9B9894_C 8:6<g45 8:6 FG6Z K2\!k (:;< 67i964C Htt6Zn>

,BX<54gh<;C ;<6

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<; x <6 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;

-:BX54j9B>984gb: 4a;:_=X4C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_: 3<8]4>: Bb: 8:BX5:_4>: x 9#$.

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><?5<;;b: 5<X45>4>4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9?<5;fB94 x ><?5<;;b: 4XV?984 x;9BX:64; ;:67X98:;^ 34>9Z4 < >:5 x Bb: 5<;?:B><>:5<; := Bb: 5<69X<BX<; 8:6 ++0,; \649:5<;

X4i4; >< 5<69;;b:c x ;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; >4 39a5:694_Z94

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?5:a_<64; =5:_fZ98:;( !'"+/*% #$'%696,-*% \]:6<B; 9>:;:;c x SD$

a:5><5_9B< := Bb: 8:BX5:_4>4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 4Z9X4gb: := 4B;9<>4>< \8=5X:j?54e:c

Page 24: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 24/140

 

$%D$1.%,+D$+ $'/$ F Y ()+,%,Q,(.0)+ +)0.D.%,%$ < %.0$(0)%$',%$ \+%(,;c

aGRFIeIVGHI 5<6<5:B ;:_X4a

w [9>4|FtjKt]

$BX4Z:B9;X4 4_34 F| %4++$| B:54>5<B<5Z98 4B> ;?<89398 ;<5:X:B9B<5Z98 4BX9><?5<;;4BX

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *+6*.'+,%<' *30* K j a_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<; ?5Wj;9B7?X98:; 4_34 F^

4=6<BX4B>: 4 B<=5:X54B;69;;b: >< HI^ a_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<; ?5<j;9B7?X98:; 4>5<BW5Z98:;

4_34 F \]<X<5:5<8<?X:5<;c^ 4=6<BX4B>: 4 X54B;69;;b: >< LMFm a_:d=<94 Xa 5<8<?X:5; LMFKI "

LMFKN \4B;9:_VX98:^ ><;9B9a9>:5 %$ < OIc^ LMFg \5<[<5;b: >:; ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:j9BX<;X9B49; ><

:=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;c^ Mb 

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ?<5X ?pB98: x 1$( x *D+( \QHcx *.- \QHc x "%X1,U'0$"+,*

5*!P1+6' +* $"%,%6?+-,* m -3'U*#,+*8 

F"%6"%_ 01+/&' 4"#96,-* ?454 4d=<_<; 8:6 >9;3=Bgb: ?5W[94^ 6:B9X:59e45 4"<'.$*<*^ 6<>9gb:

>: GaN^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ >9;_9?9>W694^ '('^ D1^ S('^ -'

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 4=6<BX: >: 4?<X9X<^ *1<"+6' !" #"%' \HnK^

<,="91,7)(#9( ,9* V WX .(),#,3 ,#9,D&#".)& 6EF-G ( E:c^ %"!*/&' \HnKc^ X:BX=54;^ ;:B]:;

4B:5649;^ 8:B3=;b:^ ;9BX:64; >: X9?: Z59?49;^ 4_X<54gb: >4 3=Bgb: =59B7594^ ]9?:X<B;b:^

8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ ]9?:B4X5W69B4^ 4,#"$-'3"%6"$'3"<,* ^

3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4><^ ?4_9Bf?;94

/:564C :5:>9;?<5;V[<_^ 8? ^ "G^ Ht^ KG6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

Page 25: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 25/140

 

(<?5<;;b: Y "GjKG6Zn> \>:;< 6VB964 <3984e \#4=>;_<ycC Ht6Zn>c^ 4=6<BX45 84>4 "

:= F ;<64B4;k $_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6 B<8<;;9X45 >< >:;<; 4XW {t6Zn>k

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_m ;<>4gb:^ ><;:59<BX4gb:^ 4_X<54gh<; 6BW;984;^ X4d=9875>94

,BX<54gh<;C ?:=84;^ 6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*F(M < "$F

/_=[:i469B4}695X4e4?9B4 \Gtj"tt6Z 3_=[:i469B4 ?:><6 4=6<BX45 :; BV[<9; ><

695X4e4?9B4 H 4 Kik 09;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:k %<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<c

*5<84=gh<;C ?:>< 5<>=e95 4 8:BX4Z<6 >< a54B8:; x ?:>< 4=6<BX45 : 8:_<;X<5:_ x ?:>< 84=;45

3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4>< x <[9X45 : 7_8::_^ ?:9; 4=6<BX4 4 ;<>4gb: < <3<9X:; 6:X:5<; < 8:ZB9X9[:; x

=;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< -'+:13%["% x

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 9#$.

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:^ ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:^ 59;8: >< ]9?:X<B;b: ><[< ;<5 8:B;9><54>:

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 3:9 <;X4a<_<89>4

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: : =;: B4

Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W 34[:57[<_

• 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:k H&' $"-'<"+!*!' 5a*1!%3"k8( -'< #'1-'% !*!'% X1"

%1%6"+6"< * %".1$*+/*l 

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45m :; ?5:>=X:5<;

><;48:B;<_]46 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'"+6"% #*$6,-13*$<"+6" #$"'-1#*!'% -'< "0",6'% *!:"$%'% %"21*,% 

\4BX4Z:B9;6: GSDF$nF-^ ($c x 4B;9<>4>< x 8:6 6<>984gh<; 8:B8:69X4BX<; x =6 4Z<BX<

?:X<B894>:5 >< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; x ;<Z=5: B: ?f;j)$# x *+6,!"#$"%%,:' !" *-/&'

#'6"+6" \X<:59846<BX< rX9_ B4 ><?5<;;b: Z54[<c W $":"$%&' !'% %,+6'<*% .*%6$'J,+6"%6,+*,% !"

'16$'% *+6,!"#$"%%,:'%( "< -'J6"$*#,* x ,+7-,' !" */&' <*,% #$"-'-" d=< :=X5:;

4BX9><?5<;;9[:;

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 8:6 a49i4

<B<5Z94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ ?<5X=5a4gb: >: ;:B:^ 4B;9<>4><

Page 26: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 26/140

 

aGIH=ERGHI X:_[:B

w [9>4C "FjF{ ]:54;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C >3'X1",* '% $"-"#6'$"% #$SJ%,+9#6,-'% *30* b <*,% X1" '% *30* K(

*1<"+6*+!' #$"!'<,+*+6"<"+6" * +"1$'6$*+%<,%%&' !" HI^ a_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<;

?5<;9B7?X98:; 4>5<BW5Z98:; 4_34 F \]<X<5:5<8<?X:5<;c^ 4=6<BX4B>: 4 X54B;69;;b: ><

;<5:X:B9B4^ a_:d=<94 Xa 5<8<?X:5; GSDF$^ GSDF-^ GSDH \5<[<5;b: >:; ;9BX:64; Z4;X5:j

9BX<;X9B49; >< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;c^ S"

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x 4B;9<>4>< \4gb: 57?9>4cx 9B;fB94 x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX:

F"%6"%_ 01+/&' 4"#96,-* ?454 4d=<_<; 8:6 >9;3=Bgb: ?5W[94^ 6:B9X:59e45 4"<'.$*<*^ 6<>9gb:

>: GaN^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ >9;_9?9>W694^ '('^ D1^ S('^ -'

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 4=6<BX: >: 4?<X9X<^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^

!,%-$*%,*% %*+.17+"*% 5*.$*+13'-,6'%"8 \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c

/:564C 8? Ht6Z

(:;< 9B894_C Ht6Z^ 4=6<BX45 4XW Mt6Zn>

(:;< 67i964C {t 6Z

.[<5>:;<C 5<_4X9[46<BX< ;<Z=54^ ;<>4gb:^ SD$ := ]9?:X<B;b:

,BX<54gh<;C

U_8::_ } 694B;<59B4

*5<84=gh<;C ?:>< 5<>=e95 :; _<=8f89X:; \545:c x <[9X45 8:6 : 7_8::_ ?:5 ;<>4gb:^ <3<9X:;

8:ZB9X9[:; < 6:X:5<; x 8=9>4>: 8:6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 9#$.

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 4`=;X< >< >:;< Bb: B<8<;;759:

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 4`=;X< >< >:;< Bb: B<8<;;759:

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:

,>:;:;C X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;m >9;854;94; ;4BZ=VB<4; ?:><6 ;<5 649; 35<d=<BX<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 Bb: 3:9 <;X4a<_<89>4

Page 27: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 27/140

 

154[9><eC ;<6 <;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; B:; ]=64B:;^ Bb: <;X7 Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>: :

=;: B4 Z54[9><e^ ;:a5<X=>: B: "~ X596<;X5<^ B4 649:594 >4; [<e<; : 59;8: a<B<3V89: W

34[:57[<_ • 8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:ja<B<3V89:^ 649:594 ?:>< 4646<BX45

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C :; <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; < 845>9:[4;8=_45<; ;b: 6<B:; 5<_<[4BX<; >:

d=< B:; X59898_V8:; <6 Z<54_ x >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; ;<i=49; x >:<BX<;

8:6 ;9BX:64; >< 4B;9<>4>< x =6 4Z<BX< >< :?X969e4gb: x >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 8:6 a49i4

<B<5Z94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ ?<5X=5a4gb: >: ;:B:^ 4B;9<>4><

%0,

REhCDEFGHI <>5:B4i Bb: 8:6<5894_9e4>: B: )&$

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C %0, \9B9a9>:5 ;<_<8X9[: >4 5<84?X4gb: >4 B:54>5<B4_9B4c

,B>984gh<;C (<?5<;;b: 64`:5 x >9;X9694 x ?<5Xk ?pB98: \(c x *S($

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 9B;fB94^ X:BX=54;^ 4B;9<>4><^ 4Z9X4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ $"6"+/&' 

1$,+9$,* \.2& ."#9&),. ,7H,*4D"%&.3 #2& ,#9"%&7"#*4D"%&.c^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \")/&9?#%",c^

4,#'6"+%&'…^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94 \4,4&c^ ;=989>4_9>4>< \4,4&c^ Z4B]: >< ?<;:

\"nKc^ ;<>4gb: \"nKc

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C 8? K6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

J6Zn> <6 K 6'<*%k ,B98945 F6Zn> Fi ?:5 >94 >=54BX< " ;<64B4^ ><?:9; K6Zn> <6 F

X:64; B4 ;<64B4 ;<Z=9BX<

.[<5>:;<C ]9?:X<B;b:^ 4B;9<>4><^ ]9?<5X<B;b:

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C : ><;646< Bb: W B<8<;;759:

,BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4;C 6<X4a:_9e4gb: -z*F(M < -z*H$K

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC >:<BX<; 8:6 $"6"+/&' 1$,+9$,*^ ]9?<5?_4;94

?5:;X7X984^ Z_4=8:64^ <?9_<?;94 x 8:6 375648:; ]9?:X<B;:5<;

Page 28: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 28/140

 

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_: 3<8]4>: x 4 X:645 =6 9#$. x 4 X:645

?96:e9>< := X9:59>4e9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4

,>:;:; Y >:;<; 6<B:5<; Z<54_6<BX< =;4>4; FGj"tt6Z Fin>m 4=6<BX: >< 59;8: >< $E-m

=;4>4 B4 4_X<54gb: >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4; ><6oB894;^ 64; Bb: B4 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4

><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4

157[9>4; n +&' S ."$*3<"+6" $"-'<"+!*!' \;<6 <;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;c

$_<9X46<BX: Y ?454 6=9X:; >:<BX<; 4 4[4_94gb: >: 59;8:ja<B<3V89: ;=Z<5< 4 8:BX9B=4gb: >:

4_<9X46<BX:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'"+6"% -*+%*!'%( !"%<'6,:*!'% x >:<BX<; 8:6 #"$61$>*/["% 

-'.+,6,:*% x >:<BX<; 8:6 4X54;: ?;98:6:X:5 x ?45<8< ?5:6:[<5 6<_]:5 : 3=B89:B46<BX:

;:894_ < _4a:54_ d=< :; ++0,;

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; d=< Bb: 4><5<6 4 5<Z96< a9>9759: x >:<BX<; d=< Bb:

X:_<5<6 4 48X9[4gb: x <"+'% "0,-*U X1" ==RG% +* !"#$"%%&'

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x <B<5Z94^ 6:X9[4gb:^ 9BX<5<;;< x 9><4gb: ;=989>4 x >W398<

8:ZB9X9[: x 4X54;: ?;98:6:X:5

IFCaCDEFGHI ;X54XX<54

,B>984gh<;C *S($

\[9>< #<>9846<BX:; =;4>:; B4 *S($c

#)'$D.%,%L01,-.

I^CaEAIFGHI [4_>:i4B

w [9>4C " 4 F ]:54;

Page 29: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 29/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *.'+,%6* !'% $"-"#6'$"% ab " aK \6<_4X:B9B4cm *+6*.'+,%6* !'%

$"-"#6'$"% LMFKN

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \Qc

F"%6"%_ 01+/&' 4"#96,-* B: 9BV89:^ M^ "F^ FK ;<64B4; < ><?:9; d=4B>: 8_9B9846<BX< 9B>984>:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C B7=;<4;^ X:BX=54;^ ;:B:_oB894^ 34>9Z4^ 8<34_<94;^ 4B;9<>4><^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ >:5 4a>:69B4_ x 4"#*6,6" \4,4&c^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94^ ;=989>4_9>4>< x Z4B]: >< ?<;:

\"nKc^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc

/:564C 8? FG6Z

*:;:_:Z94C KLJLo<. *' !",6*$k *:><j;< 4=6<BX45 4?f; F ;<64B4; ?454 Gt6Zk

.[<5>:;<C ;:B:_oB894 < <?9Z4;X54_Z94

G+6"$*/["% 6<>9846<BX:;4; \6<X4a:_9e4gb: -z"$Fc

/_=[:i469B4 } 4Z:6<_4X9B4

-9?5:3_:i489B4 } 4Z:6<_4X9B4

*5<84=gh<;C !'"+6"% -'< *>1%' !" 93-''3 := d=< X:646 375648:; 8:6 59;8: >< _<;b:

]<?7X984 x ><;8:BX9B=45 ;< X54B;469B4;<; ;=a95<6 ?454 649; >< Hi : _969X< ;=?<59:5

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C ,+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-* x 375648: ,+,>,!'$ #'6"+6" !' NpVbIK 

\3_=[:i469B4^ 89?5:3_:i489B4c x >:<BX< 4 X:645 9#$. x 9BX:_<5pB894 • Z4_48X:;<

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y 84=X<_4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y 8:BX54j9B>984>:

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,>:;:; Y 84=X<_4

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y 4[4_945 59;8: a<B<3V89:

157[9>4; Y Bb: Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>:

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 4BX9><?5<;;9[: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 ?<5X=5a4gh<; >: 898_: ;:B:j[9ZV_94 x !'"+6"% #$"'-1#*!'%

-'< "0",6'% %"-1+!9$,'% %"21*,% '1 .*+4' !" #"%' x >:<BX<; 8:6 67 4><;b: \Bb: ?5:[:84

;VB>5:6< >< 4a;X9BoB894c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;3=Bgb: ]<?7X984

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x 3=B89:B46<BX: >9=5B:

Page 30: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 30/140

 

D0,-A-',-.+

$;;96 8]464>:; ?:5d=< 4 <;X5=X=54 d=V6984 8:BXW6 H 4BW9;k

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C ,B9a9>:5 >4 5<84?X4gb: >< ;<5:X:B9B4 < B:54>5<B4_9B4m 4BX9]9;X46VB98:^

4BX96=;845VB98:^ 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34 " 4>5<BW5Z98:^ a_:d=<9: >:; 84B49; >< %4 ;<B;V[<9; •

[:_X4Z<6 

IaGFRGVFGAGHI 4>X^ X5y?X9e:_ 469B4 X<5897594 \649; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;c

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ><?5<;;b: <B>fZ<B4n6<_4B8f_984 x !'$ +"1$'#96,-*\-$;+,-* x

39a5:694_Z94 x 8<34_<94; x _:6a4_Z94^ 8<5[984_Z94 x 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX:x <B=5<;< < 96?=_;9[9>4><n]9?<548X9[9>4>< B4; 8594Bg4; x *+*D \QHc

D<;X<; \4?<B4; <6 9B>9[V>=:; ;<_<889:B4>:;^ 9;X: W^ Bb: ;4=>7[<9;cC ?<;:^ ,#-^ )-1

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C :,%&' 61$:*^ :a;X9?4gb:^ $"6"+/&' 1$,+9$,*^ 4=6<BX: >: 4?<X9X<^ a:84 ;<84^

><_959=6 \#&. "+&.&.c^ B7=;<4^ >9455<94^ ?95:;<^ ;4a:5 9B8:6=6^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ 34>9Z4^

354d=<e4^ 4,#'6"+%&' \HnKc^ X:BX=54;^ %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 8<34_<94;^ 4B;9<>4><^ B<5[:;9;6:^9Bd=9<X4gb:^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \96?:XoB894^ 6=>4Bg4 B4 _9a9>:c^ ;=>4gb:^ 54;]^ ?5=59>: x 9_<=;

?454_VX98:^ ]9?<5X<5694 \,..&%",52& %&) ,#9"%&7"#*4D"%&.c x >969B=9gb: >: _96945 8:B[=_;9[: <

-'+:13%["% \4,4&3 =7&J1("& +&. %,#,". +( S,c x ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984^ 6:5X< ;ra9X4^ 4559X694;^

X4d=9845>94^ #$'3'+.*<"+6' cF- \=7&J1("& +&. %,#,". +( S,c^ 9B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984^ ;9BX:64;

<iX54?95469>49;^ *1<"+6' !* #$"%%&' ,+6$*'-13*$^ 9B>=gb: >< 64B94^ ;=989>4_9>4>< x

3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4>< x =59B4 4e=_j<;[<5><4>4

/:564C 8? "t^ FG^ Gt IG 6Z

>:;< ]4a9X=4_C Gtj"Gt 6Zn>

Page 31: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 31/140

 

>:;< 9B9894_C FG 6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX:; >< FG6Z 84>4 HjI >94;k IG6Zn> <6 >:;<;

>9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 "Gt6Zn>k (:;< 67i964C Htt6Zn>k (45 4 >:;< 649:5 4:

><9X45 < ;< >4>: B=64 rB984 >:;<^ >45 4: ><9X45k

.[<5>:;<C 6:5X< ?:>< :8:55<5^ ><?5<;;b: >: +%-^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ >9;559X694; 845>V484;^

]9?:X<B;b: Z54[<^ 4_X<54gh<; >: )-1^ 8:64

G+6"$*-/["%C

U_8::_ } X598V8_98:;C ;<>4gb:^ 8:B[=_;h<;

Q45a9Xr598:; } X598V8_98:;C ?:><6 5<>=e95 :; BV[<9; ;W598:; >:; X598V8_98:;

-45a464e<?9B4 } X598V8_98:;

-_:B9>9B4 } X598V8_98:;C 4BX4Z:B9;6: >:; <3<9X:; ]9?:X<B;9[:; >4 8_:B9>9B4

9#$. } X598V8_98:;;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:

/<B9X:VB4 } X598V8_98:;

++0,; } X598V8_98:;C ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98: ?:5 9B9a9gb: >: 89X:85:6:

E4;:8:B;X59X:5<; ;96?4X98:696WX98:; } X598V8_98:;C SD$^ 4559X694;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC B: 9BV89: >< :=X5:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; 4XW F ;<64B4;

><?:9; >4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >< 469X59?X9_9B4 x Bb: =;45 8:6 9#$.^ 9B8_=9B>: B:; "K >94; 4?f;

9#$. X<5 ;9>: ?454>: x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 8:B[=_;h<;^ $"6"+/&' 1$,+9$,*( .3*1-'<* !" q+.13' 

0"-4*!'^ ]9?<5X95:9>9;6: x 4=6<BX: >: 9BX<5[4_: D8 B4 :[<5>:;< < <6 375648:; d=< 9B9a46 :

6<X4a:_9;6: >: -z*F(M \Iu >4 ?:?=_4gb: X<6 =64 48X9[9>4>< 5<>=e9>4 ><;X4 <Be964c x

>:<BX<; 8:6 42 !" >$*!,-9$!,* '1 09$<*-'% >$*!,-*$!,U*+6"% x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9?:l4_9W694 :=

]9?:64ZB<;<694^ 9B8_=9B>: ?:5 375648:; \>9=5WX98:;^ _4i4BX<; <;X96=_4BX<;^ 4B3:X<5989B4 Q^

8:5X98f9><;c x 4[9;45 >:<BX<; < 346V94; >:; <3<9X:; 48X9[4>:5<; x 6:B9X:59e45 ;=989>4_9>4><^

;:a5<X=>: <6 `:[<B; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; x >W398< 8:ZB9X9[:^ ><_959=6 x 42 !" -'+:13%["% 

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 5<8=?<54gb: >< )$# x 375648:; d=< ?5:_:BZ46

;9ZB93984X9[46<BX< : D8 \?96:e9><^ X9:59>4e9B4^ 4BX94559X698:;^ 6:i93_:i489B4^ <X8c x ;< ]i ><

?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8 := 4559X694 845>V484^ )$# 5<8<BX<^ ,- ><;8:6?<B;4>4 x ;< 375648:; d=<

9B9a46 89X:85:6: F(M

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

V"$61$>*/["% -*$!7*-*% Y 59;8: a<B<3V89: Bb: `=;X93984 : =;: >< X598V8_98:;

,>:;:; Y ?:><6 ;<5 649; ;<B;V[<9; 4 <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:;^ 845>9:[4;8=_45<;^

]9?:X<B;9[:; < ;<>4X9[:;k (:;< 9B9894_ >< Gt6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 Z54>=4_6<BX< 4XW

"tt6Zn>

Page 32: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 32/140

 

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ <;X45 4X<BX: 4 48X9[4gb: < ;=989>4_9>4><^

Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: ?454 6<B:; >< "F 4B:;k %:; 4>:_<;8<BX<;^ >:;< 9B9894_ >< Gt6Zn>^

4=6<BX45 4XW "tt6Zn>k

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm _<X45Z94^ ;9BX:64; >< 4a;X9BoB894^ 64_3:564gh<;3<X49;k #<>95 : 59;8: a<B<3V89:^ d=< ;9ZB93984 6=9X4; [<e<; 64BX<5 4 X<54?o=X984k

$=6<BX: : 59;8: >< ?45X: ?5<64X=5:k ,B>984>: <6 >:;<; a49i4; ?454 X54X46<BX: >4

4B;9<>4>< B4 Z57[9>4 d=< Bb: 8<>< 4 D-- < 6<>9>4; >< ]9Z9<B< >: ;:B: \%,-)c  

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B x ;<Z=5:

\+<69B45;c

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX< 8:6 9B;fB94 x !"#$"%%&' .$*:" '1 $"%,%6"+6" *' 6$*6*<"+6' 

\!"#$"%%&' <"3*+-;3,-*c 4BX9><?5<;;9[: a4;X4BX< <3984e^ 649; d=< ++0,; B<;X<; >:<BX<; \$c x

>:<BX<; 8:6 =64 [459<>4>< >< %7+!$'<"% 93.,-'%

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; ?<>97X598:; < Z<597X598:; x >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6

4=6<BX: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 845>V48:; x <*,'$ 0$"X1?+-,* !" %,+6'<*% !" #$,:*/&' 

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ ;9BX:64; >< 4B;9<>4><^ ;9BX:64; ;:67X98:;^ >:5 85fB984^

9B;fB94

NACaGVRIaGHI 4B4354B9_

,B>984gh<;C *.- \$Fc \rB98: X598V8_98: 8:6 <3987894 ?5:[4>4cx ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x ><?5<;;b:

Z54[< < 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:^ ><?5<;;b: 6<_4B8f_984 x ;VB>5:6< >< 84X4?_<i94 x

?<5X=5a4gb: >< ?pB98: \$Fc x 9B;fB94 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984n85fB984

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C [9>< 469X59?X9_9B4

/:564C 8? "t^ FG^ IG6Z x ;:_k 9B`k FG6ZnF6'

>:;< ]4a9X=4_C "ttjFtt 6Zn>

*.- \FttjFGt 6Zn>c -3'<,#$*<,+* GT 649; <3984e d=< :54_^ =;4>4 B4 *.- 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX:^ FGjHGt6Zn> \>:;<; >97594; <6 ?5:Z5<;;b: >< Gt^IG^"tt^"FG^"Gt^"IG^Ftt

B:; ?596<95:; I >94;^ ><?:9; FGt6Z >=54BX< G >94;m <6 9B3=;b: _<BX4^ {t69B^ >< %4-_

t^{uc Y 6:B9X:59e4gb: >: ?=_;:^ *$ < )-1

*k ?pB98:C IGjFGt6Zn>

(:;< 9B9894_C FG6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 <6 F ;<64B4; ?454 "tt6Zk (:;<; 67i964;C FGt6Zn>

\59;8: >< 8:B[=_;h<; 8:6 >:;<; ;=?<59:5<; 4 FGtc

,BV89: >4 4gb: X<54?o=X984 B4 *.-C M 4 "F ;<64B4;

Page 33: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 33/140

 

,BX<54gh<;^ 8:BX54j9B>984gh<;^ ?:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C [9>< 469X59?X9_9B4

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 9B;fB94 x ><?5<;;b: Z54[< := 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:

\><?5<;;b: 6<_4B8f_984c x >:<BX<; 8:6 ><?5<;;b: < *.- 8:6:5a9>4; x >:<BX<; 8:6

-*6*#3"2,* 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?:?=_4gh<; ?<>97X5984; < Z<597X5984; x >:<BX<; 845>V48:; x >:<BX<;

8:6 <?9_<?;94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[: x ?<B;46<BX:; :a;<;;9[:; x 8:6?:5X46<BX:; 8:6?=_;9[:;

GaGVRIaGHI X:354B9_^ ?596<95: 4BX9><?5<;;9[: >4 ]9;Xf594^ "{GI x 469B4 X<5897594 \649; <3<9X:;

4>[<5;:;c

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: x "+1$"%" \94"%$%7"%& ),". 1.,+& #(.9, "#+"%,52&c x ><?5<;;b: Z54[< <

5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x ;VB>5:6< >< 84X4?_<i94 x ?<5Xk ?pB98: \$Fc x 9B;fB94 x >:5

B<=5:?7X984n85fB984 x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$Fc x *+*D \QHc

/:564C 8? "t^ FG6Z

>:;<C Gtj"Gt6Zn>k ,BV89: FG6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 FG6Z 84>4 H Y I >94;k (:;<

67i964C Htt6Zn>

*k ?pB98:C IGjFGt6Zn>

;<6<_]4BX< <;X5=X=54_6<BX< • 469X59?X9_9B4

OC=BAEVGHI ?5:X94><B<

/:564C 8? IG 6Z

>:;< 9B9894_C IG6Zn>^ >:;< 67i964 <6 46a=_4Xf59: "Gt6Zn>^ >:;< 67i964 Htt6Zn>

\[9>< 469X59?X9_9B4c

FRGaGVRIaGHI ;=56:BX9_

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984n85fB984 x ><?5<;;b:

5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:

Page 34: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 34/140

 

/:564C 8? FG^ "tt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

Gtj"Gt6Zn>

>:;< 9B9894_C FG 6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 IG6Z 84>4 HjI >94;^ 4XW 67i96: >< Ftt6Zn>^

]:;?9X4_9e4>:; Htt6Zn>

aIVRCFGAGHI _=>9:69_

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984n85fB984 x ><?5<;;b:5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:

/:564C8? "t^ FG^ Gt^ IG6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

(<?5<;;b: Y IGj"Gt6Zn>

(:5 85fB984 Y Gtj"Gt6Zn>

>:;< 9B894_ FG6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 FG6Z 84>4 HjI >94;^ 67i96: FFG6Zn>

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 649:5 59;8: >< 8:B[=_;h<;^ ;:a5<X=>: <6 >:;<; 649:5<; \€Ftt6Zn>c

HCRFRGVFGAGHI B:5X<5:_ x 469B4 ;<8=B>7594 \6<B:; <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;c

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: 64`:5 x 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x >:5 B<=5:?7X984n85fB984 x ><?5<;;b:

5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;<>4gb: \" 4 HnK^ )(#&. .(+,9"8& J1( &194&. 94"%$%7"%&.c

/:564C 8? FG6Z

(:;<C

(<?5<;;b:C IGj"Gt6Zn> \=64 [<e ?:5 >94 := <6 4XW K X:64; >97594;c

(:5 85fB984C Gtj"Gt6Zn>

>:;< 9B9894_C "tjFG 6Z 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 FG6Z 84>4 HjI >94;^ 4XW 67i96: ><Htt6Zn>

Page 35: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 35/140

 

E4BX4Z<B;C <"+'% "0",6'% *+6,-'3,+S$.,-'% X1" '16$'% 6$,-73-3,-'%^ ?:5 9;;: 6<_]:5 B:; 9>:;:; x

D-$ 649; ;<Z=5:

9#$.

;VB>5:6< >< ><;8:BX9B=4gb:C 4Z54[46<BX: >:; ;9BX:64; ><?5<;;9[:; >4 4?5<;<BX4gb:^ <;X4>:

8:B3=;9:B4_ 4Z=>: 8:6 4_=89B4gh<; < ><_V59:; ?454Bf9><;^ ;9BX:64; >< 4B;9<>4>< \9B8_=9B>:

]9?<548r;94 < ><;?<5;:B4_9e4gb:c

G=CNIRhCDIeGOI Bb: 8:6<5894_9e4>: <6 *:5X=Z4_

,B>984gh<;C ><?5<;;b: x !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* 5h8 x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x

?<5X=5a4gb: >< ?pB98: 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x ?<5Xk 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX:

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: 955<[<5;V[<_ >4 #$. \6:B:469B: :i9>4;<c 96?<>9B>: 4

><Z54>4gb: >< %$^ GSD^ ($^ 4=6<BX4B>: 4 B<=5:X54B;69;;b:

F"%6"%C 6:B9X:59e4gb: >< 4_X<54gh<; >4 *$^ X<;X<; >4 3=Bgb: ]<?7X984 ?<59:>9846<BX<^ ,#-

4BX<; >: X54X46<BX:^ <6 :a<;:; := ?5Wj:a<;:; 6<>95 Z_98:;<^ D1^ '('^ -'^ 6:B9X:59e45 ,#-

>=54BX< : X54X46<BX:

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C X:BX=54;^ %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 8<34_<94;^ >9;Xr5a9:; >: ;:B: \9B;fB94c^ 34>9Z4^

354d=<e4^ X5<6:5^ ?<5X=5a4gb: >: 6:[96<BX:^ [9;b: X=5[4^ ;=>4gb:^ :a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^

B7=;<4;^ 6=>4Bg4 B: 4?<X9X<^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ 4,#'6"+%&' '$6'%696,-*r^

;VB8:?<( -$,%" 4,#"$6"+%,:* \J1,#+& 9&),+& %&) ,7")(#9&. J1( %&#9?) 9"4,)"#, &1 HI4),%&.

.")/,9"%&)")*9"%&. Y ,#H(9,)"#,.3 )(9"H(#"+,9&3 %&%,$#,3 +&/,)"#,3 ,+4(#,7"#,3

#&4,+4(#,7"#,3 )(9"7+&/,3 7(8&+&/,3 94"/9&H,#&3 9"4&."#,3 H(#"7,7,#"#,c^ 64B94 \4,4&c^

8:B[=_;h<;^ 4"#*6'6'2,-,!*!"  

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C

*:;:_:Z94C

KtjMt6Zn>

9B98945 "t6Z Fin>^ 4=6<BX45 "t6Zn> 84>4 F 4 K >94;

Page 36: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 36/140

 

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: B<8<;;7594 4 X9X=_4gb:^ 375648: >9;;9?4j;< <6 F 4 H ;<64B4;^ 4X<Bgb: 4:

59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:

G+6"$*/["%C

U_8::_ } 9#$.

$B3<X469B4 } 9#$.

$X:6:i<X9B4 } 9#$.

Q=;?95:B4 } 9#$.

(<iX5:6<X5:34B: \:?9f9>< ;=?5<;;:5 >4 X:;;<c } 9#$. 859;< ]9?<5X<B;9[4 \%$c

(=_:i<X9B4 } 9#$. %7+!$'<" %"$'6'+,+S$.,-' \GSDc \8_VB984C 8<34_<94^ 69:8_:B94^

>9455<94^ 4Z9X4gb:^ ?;98:;<^ ]9?<5X<5694 Y ><;5<Z=_4gb: >: X<56:5<Z=_4>:5

]9?:X4_p698:m >943:5<;<^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ 8:64^ 8:_4?;: 845>9:[4;8=_45^ 6:5X<m 6<84B9;6:

48X9[4gb: 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^ 4=6<BX: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4 B4 ;9B4?;<m >=54gb:†FK ]:54;

4?f; ;=;?<B;b:m X54X46<BX:C ;<>4X9[:; \_:54e<?46^ >94e<?46^ 8_:5:?5:64e9B4c^

4BX4Z:B9;X4 ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:; \89?5:]<?X4>9B4^ 8_:5?5:X9i<B:^ ?5:?54B:_:_c^

4BX98:B[=_;9[4BX<; \ae>;c^ 8:a<5X:5<; 455<3<89>:;8 !,0"$" !' %7+!$'<" <*3,.+' !'%

+"1$'3S#6,-'% #'$ +&' !*$ >$*!,-,+"%,*( 6V?984 ><;X<m 4 ]9?<589BW;94 W 8:6=6 4:; Fk

/_=:i<X9B4 } 9#$. ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98: \GSDc

/_=[:i469B4 } 9#$. ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98: \GSDc

'<[:>:?4 } 9#$.

9#$. } 9#$.

#<X9_3<B9>4X: } 9#$.

/<X9>9B4 } 9#$.

%<3:?46 } 9#$.

="$6$*3,+* Q ,aIC %7+!$'<" %"$'6'+,+S$.,-' 5LMF8

=,<#*6,-'<,<S6,-'% 50"+,3"0$,+* 5%1#$"%%'$"% !* 6'%%"8( *!$"+*3,+*( "6-8 Q ,aIC -$,%"

4,#"$6"+%,:* 5HI8

F$,-7-3,-'% Q ,aIC %7+!$'<" %"$'6'+,+S$.,-' 5LMF8

D59?X4B:; } 9#$.

D95469B4 } 9#$.

T"+3*0*2,+* Q ,aIC %7+!$'<" %"$'6'+,+S$.,-' 5LMF8

Page 37: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 37/140

 

*5<84=gh<;C !,"6* #'>$" "< 6,$*<,+* \X95469B4 W =6 ?<58=5;:5 >< %$ ><Z54>4>: ?<_4 #$.^

d=< 4=6<BX45 4 *$cx <[9X45 >9<X4; 5984; <6 ?5:X<VB4; d=< ;< ><Z54>4546 ?<_: X<6?:^

3<56<BX4gb:^ ?98l_9BZ^ 3=64>:;^ 8:BX469B4gb: a48X<594B4 x ":,6*$ X1",P'% -1$*!'%^ ?98l_<;^

-"$:"P* !" #$"%%&' "\'1 +&' #*%6"1$,U*!*^ [9B]:^ 3VZ4>:^ <iX54X: >< _<[<>=54;^ ;4_;98]4;^

8]:=59g:^ ?<??<5:B9^ 0*:*^ 9:Z=5X<^ =;: <i8<;;9[: >< 843<VB4 < 8]:8:_4X< x [9Z945 =X9_9e4gb:

8:B8:69X4BX< >< 4BX9]9?<5X<B;:5<; < ?5<;859gh<; ;<6 5<8<9X4; ?454 4 X:;;< := Z59?< x =;45 8:6

8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 4 34e<5 5<;<5?9B4^ 4B<;XW;98:;^ >9;;=_39546^ 6<X59e469>4^ 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 6<?<59>9B4^ 4Z<BX< ;96?4X98:696WX98:^ :=X5: 9#$.^ d=4_d=<5

4Z<BX< d=< 9B9a4 4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4 \++0,^ ;9a=X5469B4^ X5464>:_^ 69_B489?546^

>=_:i<X9B4^ [<B_434i9B4^ 8_:69?5469B4^ <X8c^ >9=5WX98:;^ a=;?95:B4^ a=?5:?59:B^

><iX5:6<X5:34B:^ B: 3<:85:6:89X:64^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45 := 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45^ 8<34_<94;

35<d=<BX<; < Z54[<;^ 895=5Z94 <_<8X9[4 := 4B<;X<;94^ ]i >< >:<Bg4 ]<?7X984 := 4_X<54gb: >4;

<Be964; ]<?7X984;^ Bb: 4><;b: 4 >9<X4 ?:a5< <6 X95469B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ 48=6=_4gb:m ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

G+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-*_ +&' 1%*$

V"$6l -*$!7*-*%_ +&' 1%*$ +* GNN " MFI^ d=4_d=<5 :=X54 ?<5X=5a4gb: 5<d=<5 5<>=gb: ><

>:;<^ >:<BX<; 8:6 4BZ9B4 >< ?<9X: := >:<Bg4 45X<594_ 8:5:B7594 ><[<6 _969X45 :

<i<58V89:

,>:;:;C 5<>=e95 >:;<

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: 4XW "M 4B:;

154[9><eC 59;8: 84X<Z:594 -

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:na<B<3V89:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;_ !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* x ><?5<;;b: Z54[< x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX: < ?<5Xk 4B;9<>4><

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 5<d=<5 4><;b: 4 5<;X59gh<; >9<XWX984; < 345648:_fZ984; x >:<BX<;

8:6 ?5:a_<64; 845>V48:; < SD$ x >:;<; >97594; 6r_X9?_4;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:^ ;9BX:64; ;:67X98:;^ ?<5Xk ;:B: < 4_96<BX4gb:^ 4X54;:

?;98:6:X:5^ ?5<:8=?4gb: 6f5a9>4

/)%)'R,%$

D0$%,'-,*0.#,%$

,B9a9>:5<; 955<[<;V[<9;

*<5V:>: >< ƒ4;]j:=X >< F ;<64B4;

Page 38: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 38/140

 

aCNAChEaGOI 4=5:59i^ e:59i

w [9>4C "jK ]:54;^ 64; >=54gb: 8_VB984 8k FK]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C >3'X1",* $":"$%,:"3<"+6" * aICJI^ 96?<>9B>: 4 ><Z54>4gb: >< HI^ LMF 

< OIm 4=6<BX4 4 B<=5:X54B;69;;b: ><;X<; d=V698:;m 4 9B9a9gb: >< #$.j$ ?5<>:69B4 4 Bb: ;<5

d=< Z54B><; d=4BX9>4><; >< 6:B:469B4; \?:5 [94 >4 >9<X4 ?:5 <i<6?_:c ;< 48=6=_<6^ :B>< 4

9B9a9gb: >4 #$. W 5<[<5X9>4

,B>984gb:C ><?5<;;b: x ><?5<;;b: 6<_4B8f_984 \$c x ?<5X=5a4gb: >< 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \(Gc

F"%6"%_ <'+,6'$,U*/&' !* VI

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 9B;fB94^ X:BX=54;^ 4Z9X4gb:^ 4B;9<>4><^ 9Bd=9<X4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ >9455<94^

:a;X9?4gb:^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ Z4_48X:55<94^ SD$ \4,4&c^ -$,%" 4,#"$6"+%,:* \(./(%",7)(#9(

J1,#+& 1.,+&. %&) ,7")(#9&. %&#9(#+& 9"4,)"#, Y 4".%& 4(+1C"+& %&)/,4,+& %&) "ZP[

"44(8(4.$8(".c^ 64B94^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \"nKc^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_

/:564C 8? "Gt^ Htt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C HttjMtt6Zn>

(:;< 9B9894_ Y Htt6Zn>^ <6 K !'%"% !,9$,*% *#;% *% $"0",/["%^ >:;< 6VB964 "Gt6Z^

67i964 Mtt6Zn>

<6 >:;<; 4_X4;^ 9B9a< X46aW6 #$.jQ^ ><;8:B]<8<B>:j;< 4; 96?984gh<;

8_VB984; x ><?:9; >4; 5<3<9gh<; ?:5d=< 5<>=e 9BX<54gb: 8:6 X95469B4^ <6 [<e ><

4BX<; x <6 >:;<; 649; a49i4;^ ?:>< >45j;< 4>69B9;X54gb: rB984

.[<5>:;<C 4Z9X4gb:^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ >9;Xr5a9:; 8:6?:5X46<BX49;^ 9559X4gb: Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B4_

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: W Z<54_6<BX< B<8<;;759:m 4X<Bgb: 4: 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:

,BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4;C

-96<X9>9B4 } 6:8_:a<69>4

+<_<Z<_9B4 } 6:8_:a<69>4 a_:d=<9: 8:6?_<X: #$.

*5<84=gh<;C $"X1"$ 6*<>S< !,"6* #'>$" "< 6,$*<,+*^ <6a:54 649; X95469B4 ?:;;4 ;<5

X:_<54>4 4XW 84=;45 859;< ]9?<5X<B;9[4^ <[9X45 >9<X4; 5984; <6 ?5:X<VB4; d=< ;< ><Z54>4546 ?<_:

X<6?:^ 3<56<BX4gb:^ ?98l_9BZ^ 3=64>:;^ 8:BX469B4gb: a48X<594B4 x <[9X45 X1",P'% -1$*!'%^

?98l_<;^ -"$:"P* !" #$"%%&' '1 +&' #*%6"1$,U*!*^ [9B]:^ 3VZ4>:^ <iX54X: >< _<[<>=54;^ ;4_;98]4;^

8]:=59g:^ ?<??<5:B9^ 0*:*^ 9:Z=5X<^ =;: <i8<;;9[: >< 843<VB4 < 8]:8:_4X< x [9Z945 =X9_9e4gb:

8:B8:69X4BX< >< 4BX9]9?<5X<B;:5<; < ?5<;859gh<; ;<6 5<8<9X4; ?454 4 X:;;< := Z59?< x =;45 8:6

8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; 4 34e<5 5<;<5?9B4^ 4B<;XW;98:;^ >9;;=_39546^ 6<X59e469>4^ 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; x=;45 8:6 8=9>4>: <6 >:<BX<; ]9?<5X<B;:;

Page 39: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 39/140

 

N'+6$*J,+!,-*/["% *>%'316*%C 6<?<59>9B4^ 4Z<BX< ;96?4X98:696WX98:^ :=X5: 9#$.^ d=4_d=<5

4Z<BX< d=< 9B9a4 4 5<84?X4gb: >4 ;<5:X:B9B4 \++0,^ ;9a=X5469B4^ X5464>:_^ 69_B489?546^

>=_:i<X9B4^ [<B_434i9B4^ 8_:69?5469B4^ <X8c^ <;X4>: 8:B3=;9:B4_ 4Z=>:^ B: 3<:85:6:89X:64 :=

X95:X:i98:;<^ 8<34_<94; 35<d=<BX<; < Z54[<;^ 895=5Z94 <_<8X9[4 := 4B<;X<;94

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 5<>=gb: <6 Ht 4 Gtu

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=gb: >< >:;<^ ><[<6 _969X45 : <i<58V89: :;

>:<BX<; 8:6 4BZ9B4 := >:<Bg4 45X<594_ 8:5:B7594

,>:;:;C 649:5 ;<B;9a9_9>4>< 4 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: 4XW "J 4B:;

^$*:,!"U_ +&' $"-'<"+!*!' Z<54_6<BX< >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><e

$646<BX4gb:C 4[4_945 59;8:na<B<3V89:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;_ !"#$"%%&' *67#,-* x !"#$"%%&' .$*:" x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4:

X54X46<BX: < ?<5Xk 4B;9<>4>< x 6<_]:5 X:_<54>: d=< 9#$. 955<[<5;V[<_ x %".1$' +* "#,3"#%,* 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 5<d=<5 4><;b: 4 5<;X59gh<; >9<XWX984; < 345648:_fZ984; x >:;<;

>97594; 6r_X9?_4; ?:><6 ?<5><5 <3987894 4 _:BZ:j?54e: x _9Z<9546<BX< 6<B:; <3984e d=< 9#$.

955<[<5;V[<_

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 ><?5<;;9[:

VGRAGHOCA 96?_<6<BX:5

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 9B9a9>:5 5<[<5;V[<_ >4 #$.j$

/:564C 8? Gt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "ttjFtt6Zn>^ <6 F X:64;

$'D)0%$D,E.+

Page 40: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 40/140

 

MGVERGNjC 4_485<

,B>984gh<;C >9;X9694 x ><?5<;;b: _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4 \$c

/:564C 8? FGt6Z

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;<6<_]4BX<; 4: ?_48<a:^ 3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4><^ 9B>=gb: >< ]9?:64B94^ 4=6<BX:

]<6:554Z94;

*:;:_:Z94C 4XW F8?n>94 x Mttj{tt6Zn>

,BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4; \6<X4a:_9e4>4gb: [94 -z*H$K < >: -z*F-{cC 4BX95<X5:[9549;^

[4539B4^ 4BX98:548<?X9[:; :549;^ :=X5:;^ 59;8: >< ;VB>5:6< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98: <6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6

375648:; ;<5:X:B9BW5Z98:;

%b: ><[< ;<5 ?5<;859X: Y Bb: ;< ;4a< : d=< W : ?59B8V?9: 48X9[:^ Bb: ;< ;4a< 4 >:;< X<54?o=X984

#.(&'$(.0)+ D0,#.%.$#,%L01,-.+ Y )+D0$DL1,$+ () ,%-0)#)%D.

AsFGC ?594><_

,B>984gb:C !"#$"%%&' $"%,%6"+6" \4>`=BX:c \$c x 0*%" !" <*+16"+/&' !* !"#$"%%&' 

\<'+'6"$*#,* '1 *!P1+6'c \$c

\[9>< _VX9:c

X4i4; >< 5<;?:;X4 KtjGtu \6<B:; >: +D$0( Y >:<BX<; 649; Z54[<;sc

*:;:_:Z94C Mttj"Ftt6Zn>

.?X969e4gb: X54X46<BX: 4Z=>: >4 ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45C o(t n o(u<<'3\A \Mttj

"Ftt 6Zn>c

#4B=X<Bgb: B4 ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45C o(LJo(u<<'3\A  \Jttj{tt6Zn>c

649; <3984e _VX9:}4BX9><?5<;;9[: d=< 4?<B4; 4BX9><?5<;;9[: B4 34;< >< 8:BX9B=4gb:

AETCFGRCDGHI <=X95:i^ _<XX<5^ X]y54i

w [9>4C M 4 I >94;

,B>984gb:C !"#$"%%&' $"%,%6"+6" \*!P1+6'c \Qc

/:564C 8? t^tFGm t^tGm t^"6Z \]7 :=X54; >:;4Z<B;c

*:;:_:Z94C

t^tFt 4 t^tGt 6Zn>^ 4: ?<d=<B: 4_6:g: x t^tFGjt^tHIG6Zn>

Page 41: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 41/140

 

S9?:X95:9>9;6:C 8:6<g45 8:6 t^"6Zn>^ 8594Bg4; := 9>:;:; t^tFGjt^tGt6Zn>^ "8? 4BX<;

>: *$k #4B=X<Bgb:C t^"jt^F6Zn>

S9?:X95:9>9;6: ;=a8_VB98:C t^"6Zn>

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C Z<54_6<BX< a<6 X:_<54>:^ B4 ;:a5<>:;4Z<6 X4d=9875>94^ 4BZ:5^ 4559X694;^<i89X4a9_9>4><^ 9B;fB94^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;:^ 354d=<e4 6=;8=_45

#:B9X:59e4gb: >4 3=Bgb: X95:9><94

,BX<54gh<;C 4BX98:4Z=_4BX<;^ 843<VB4kkk

0<;?:;X4 Gtu 4?f; F 4 H ;<64B4;k #<X4j4B7_9;< B<Z4X9[4k +D$0( 6<_]:5 d=< : _VX9:

&;45 ;:a5<X=>: B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9?:X95:9>9;6: ;=a8_VB98:

]XX?Cnn5<3<5<B8<k6<>;84?<k8:6n>5=Zn;yBX]5:9>j_<[:iy_j_<[:X]y5:i9B<jHKFIHF‡H  

*,%(.'.' \aja_:d=<4BX<c Bb: 8:6<5894_9e4>: <6 *:5X=Z4_

'jD0,*D./$%.

aCOI@GHGA 6:>9:>4_

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C ?5:6:[< 4 B<=5:X54B;969;;b: >< S" B: ]9?:X7_46:^ ?:X<B894gb: ><

84X<8:_469B4;

,B>984gh<;C B458:_<?;94 x ?:X<B894gb: B4 ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45 < a9?:_45^ *S($^ <;d=9e:35<B94

\;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:;c \><;48:B;<_]4>: ?<_: ,B3456<> 4 ?5<;859gb: :33j_4a<_c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 5<4gh<; 8=XpB<94;^ 4_X<54gh<; B<=5:?;9d=97X5984;^ SD$^ 4559X694 845>V484

/:564C 8? "tt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

FttjKtt6Zn> Fin>

VRIaGVEDCA \4Z:B9;X4 >4 >:?469B4c 

,B>984gh<;C ?45l9B;:B x ;VB>5:6< >< ?<5B4; 9Bd=9<X4; x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX<

/:564C 8? t^tJJm t^"Jm t^I6Z

Page 42: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 42/140

 

vNGOC @wAGNC 3:_989_^ 483:_^ 3:_9><i

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C ;VBX<;< >< B<=5:X54B;69;;:5<; 6:B:469BW5Z98:;

/:564C 8? G6Zm Ktt=Z

E=FRC^xHGC=

#$%)N. ($ ()*0)++P.

-.#Q.+ %$ ()*0)++P. \+X4]_c

-.#Q. 'AD,.C *."+6" by 3,+4* Q 376,' 

-.#Q. DHC *."+6" by 3,+4* Q Fg 

-.#Q. $%+,)($()n,%+T%,$C *."+6" by 3,+4* Q >U!\U'3#,!"< 

-.#Q. GSD"$C ==RGQ>1%#,$'+* \?:X<B894gb: >4 X54B;69;;b: >< GSD^ 48X=4B>: B:;

4=X:5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$ ;:64X:><B>5VX98:;^ 4=6<BX4B>: 4 _9a<5X4gb: >< GSD B4 ;9B4?;< <

?<569X9B>: 4 5<84?X4gb: ?<_: ++0,c

-.#Q. GSDF$n0.-ˆ)D /&)'C =HRGQ<,$6*U*#,+*\%4++$8\6$*U'!'+*\+$0,c ?<569X< 4

><;9B9a9gb: >4 _9a<5X4gb: >< GSD < %$ ?<_: 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34 F >4 695X4e4?9B4 < 4gb:

>:?469BW5Z984 ?:5 _9a<5X4gb: >< ($ B: 8f5X<i ?5Wj35:BX4_ ?<_:; +%0, < 4gh<; GSDF$nF-

><;9B9a9B>: 4 _9a<5X4gb: >< >:?469B4

-.#Q. () E,1A',$n(.*$#,%L01,-. \34>9Z4^ ?<5>4 >< <B<5Z94^ 6:X9[4gb:^ _9a9>:^8:B8<BX54gb:C =HRGQ"%6,<13*+6"Q<'!*0,+,3Q#$*<,#"2'3"  

-.#Q. D0,*'.nS)0T,-.C ==RG\=HRGQHORG\HRGQ<,$6*U*#,+*Q"%6,<13*+6"  

)+D0$DL1,$+ %$ @I=E I^BOI (. D0$D$#)%D.

Page 43: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 43/140

 

(=54gb: >4 34;< 4Z=>4C Mj"F ;<64B4;k ,>:;:; ?:><6 ><6:545 4 5<;?:B><5 4 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;

4XW "F ;<64B4;^ <6 [<e >4; ]4a9X=49; K ;<64B4;k

. :a`<8X9[: W 4 $"%#'%6*^ 9;X: W^ 5<>=gb: vGtu >4 Z54[9>4>< >:; ;9BX:64; 2?4X9<BX; 45< a<XX<5^

B:X ƒ<__@ < ;<Z=9>46<BX< 4 $"<,%%&'^ 9;X: W^ 4 5<6:gb: <;;<B894_6<BX< >< X:>:; :; ;9BX:64;k

,B><?<B><BX<6<BX< >4 <;8:_]4 9B9894_ >: 4BX9><?5<;;9[:^ goJLoz !*% !"#$"%%["% +&'

$"%#'+!"$&' *' 6$*6*<"+6'l 

-:B]<896<BX: W <6?V598:^ ;:a5<X=>: B: ;ƒ9X8]9BZ ?454 :=X54 8_4;;< < 8:6a:;k );X54XWZ94; ><

9B85<6<BX: 8:6 :=X5:; 4Z<BX<; Xo6 649:5 <[9>oB894 89<BXV3984 >< ;=?:5X<

"k  +ƒ9X8]9BZ :=X54 8_4;;<

FNIJ==RG '1 ==RGJFNIC Gtu >:; d=< Bb: 5<;?:B>< 4 =64 8_4;;< Bb: 5<;?:B>< 4 :=X54

\Qc

D-$j9#$. 955<[<5;V[<_C a<B<3V89:Fk  +ƒ9X8]9BZ 6<;64 8_4;;< \-c

++0,j++0, Bb: 5<;?:;X4 4 ?596<95: ++0,^ 8:6 X4i4 >< 5<;?:;X4 <BX5< KtjItu 8:6 :=X5:

++0, \>93<5<BX<; 6<84B9;6:; >< 4gb:c

Hk  -:6a: \-c

Kk  #:>=_4>:5<;

I #$'>*>,3,!*!" !" $"%#'+!"$ * 1< *+6,!"#$"%%,:' $"!1UJ%" bLJKoz #'$ -*!* "+%*,' -37+,-'

0*34*!'l

%4 !"#$"%%&' #%,-;6,-*^ 8:6a9B4gb: >< 4BX9><?5<;;9[:}4BX9?;98fX98: \$c^ < *% !'%"% %&' 

<"+'$"% X1" 1%*!*% +* "%X1,U'0$"+,* 

Page 44: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 44/140

 

-:6a9B4gb: 4BX9><?5<;;9[:}ae> 6<_]:54 4 <3987894 < 5<>=e :; >5:?j:=X;^ ?5:[4[<_6<BX< ?:5

X54X45 9B;fB94^ 4B;9<>4>< < 4Z9X4gb: \67i96: K ;<64B4;c

V$,:*/&' !' %'+'^ X:X4_ := ?45894_^ W 4 rB984 9BX<5[<Bgb: 8:6 <3<9X:; B: ?5f?59: >94 B4

><?5<;;b:^ 6<_]:54B>:j4 <6 Mtu >:; >:<BX<; \$ck . :a`<8X9[: W =X9_9e45 B: 9BV89: >:

X54X46<BX: 8:6 4BX9><?5<;;9[: ?454 : ?:X<B8945k %: <BX4BX:^ 5<89>9[4 B4 B:9X< >< ;:B:;<Z=9BX<k *59[4gb: 5<?<X9>4 \-ck

E2"$-7-,' \8:6: 4>`=BX: := 6:B:X<54?94c \-c^ 8:6 6<_]:594 >: ]=6:5 •; F ;<64B4;k *:=8:;

<;X=>:; 8:6 d=4_9>4><k

E%6,<13*/&' <*.+S6,-* 6$*+%-$*+,*+* B: 8f5X<i ?5Wj35:BX4_^ >9759: >=54BX< F ;<64B4;k

Q<B<3V89: W 6:><;X: B4 ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< \-ck

E%6,<13*/&' !' +"$:' :*.' Y 9B;X4_4gb: >< ?48<64l<5 < 8:B<ib: 4 B<5[: [4Z: <;d=<5>:^ d=<

<B[94 ;9B49; ?454 8W5<a5: \(c

$Z<BX< a_:d=<4>:5<; >4 ;VBX<;< >< 8:5X98f9><; \469B:Z_=X<X<69>4^ 8<X:8:B4e:_^ 6<X954?:B4c

B4 ><?5<;;b: 5<3548X7594 \-ck $BX4Z:B9;X4 -0S" \(c

$BX4Z:B9;X4 5<8<?X:5 >4 ;=a;XpB894 * \#ˆkJM{c \(c

Page 45: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 45/140

Page 46: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 46/140

 

4B:c^ *>1%' !" %1>%6q+-,*% 8:B8:69X4BX<^ ?<5X=5a4gh<; >< *+%,"!*!" 8:6f5a9>4;^ 4,%6;$,*

0*<,3,*$ >< ?<5Xk ><?5<;;9[4 64`:5 8:6 9BX<5B46<BX: <6 3469_945<; >< "~ Z54=k

(<[<j;< 8:BX9B=45 4 6<;64 6<>984gb: B4 6<;64 >:;< =;4>4 4 34;< 4Z=>4 < 8:BX9B=4gb: ?454

?5<[<Bgb: >4 5<8:55oB894k .; 375648:;_ 6$,-7-3,-'%( ,aIC( ==RG '1 376,' %&' "0,-*U"% +*

<*+16"+/&' \$c^ -*$>*<*U"#,+* 6<B:; \-ck *5:39_4i94 4 _:BZ: ?54e: 8:6 _VX9: ?:>< 5<>=e95 4;=989>4_9>4>< \-ck -45a464e<?9B4 X46aW6 3:9 <;X=>4>:^ 8:6 5<;=_X4>:; 6:><;X:;k ENF !"

<*+16"+/&' ?454 4d=<_<; d=< 5<;?:B><546 4 34;< 4Z=>4 < >< 8:BX9B=4gb: < ?454 4d=<_<;

8=`4 6<>984gb: W 8:BX54j9B>984>4 := Bb: :aX<[< 5<;?:;X4 B4 34;< >< 64B=X<Bgb:k

D54X46<BX: 9B8_=9 #%,-'"!1-*/&'^ ?;98:345648:_:Z94 < <'+,6'$,U*/&' !* *!"%&'^ < ?:5 [<e<;

#%,-'6"$*#,* *!P1+6*l

)?9;f>9:; ><?5<;;9[:; ;=a;9B>5:67X98:; \><?5<;;b: 69B:5n><?5<;;b: +.)c ;<6 <;X=>:;

;=3989<BX<; d=< Z<5<6 :59<BX4gh<; 8_VB984;k

$ !"%-'+6,+1*/&' >< 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; < _VX9: 4?f; =X9_9e4gb: >< _:BZ:j?54e: \€M 6<;<;c ><[<

;<5 Z54>=4_^ #"3' <"+'% !1$*+6" ]Jt <"%"%k =4B>: :; ;9BX:64; ><?5<;;9[:; 5<8:55<6 4?f;

><;8:BX9B=4gb:^ ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 4 >:;< 67i964k

Page 47: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 47/140

 

(i >93<5<B894_ >< 5<8:55oB894C 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894; :8=_X:^ >:<Bg4 3V;984 :8=_X4 \<i >:<Bg4

X95:9><94c^ Bb: 4><;b: • 6<>984gb:^ <[<BX:; >< [9>4 4>[<5;:;

+< >:<BX<; X9[<5<6 =6 <?9;f>9: ><?5<;;9[: 4 34e<5<6 <;X4a9_9e4>:5 := 4BX9><?5<;;9[: ><

64B=X<Bgb:^ ?:><6 a<B<398945 >< '#6,<,U*/&' !' 6$*6*<"+6'C 4=6<BX: >:; BV[<9; ;W598:;

?454 : _969X< ;=?<59:5^ 4>989:B45 >4 DH ;< 4 3=Bgb: X95:9><94 <;X9[<5 <6 a49i4^ ;:a5<X=>: B:;>:<BX<; 4 34e<5 _VX9:m ?;98:X<54?94k +< Bb: 6<_]:545<6 8:6 :?X969e4gb:^ <BXb: : X54X46<BX:

>< 0*%" *.1!* ><[< 4[4Bg45k

D54X46<BX: >4 !,%6,<,*C K\g *+'% !" *+6,!"#$"%%,:'%( %"< !,0"$"+/* !" -3*%%"% +* "0,-9-,* ^

64; 2B:[:;@ 6<_]:5 X:_<54>:;^ !'%"% *% <"%<*% X1" #*$* !"#$"%%&'

Q)%R.(,$R)*,%$+

,BX<54gh<; \6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*F- < -z*H$Kc

U_8::_}ae?

I+6*.'+,%6*% -*+*,% !" N*KQ Q >U# \(9_X94e<6 4=6<BX4 :; BV[<9; >< >94e<?46^

?5:[4[<_6<BX< ?:5 9B9a9gb: -z*H$K \B|"Hck Q49i45 4 >:;< >< ae?^ [9Z945 4 ;<>4gb:c

N3'U*#,+* Q hU# \4_Z=64; ae? Y >94e<?46^ 8_:B4e<?46^ :i4e<?46^ _:54e<?46 j?:><6

4=6<BX45 :; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4c

A":'!'#* Q >U!  <;X4; ?:><6 4BX4Z:B9e45 : <3<9X: >4 _<[:>:?4

-<X:8:B4e:_n9X548:B4e:_ } ae>

$%+,.'AD,-.+

Page 48: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 48/140

 

} :,!* 3'+.*

NACRCOGIeEVwDGOC ?4i9=6

w [9>4C FK 4 KJ]

,B>984gh<;C *<5X >< 4B;9<>4>< x +9BX:64; >< 4B;9<>4>< x 4B;9<>4>< < 4?5<<B;b: ?5Wj

:?<54Xf594 x 4a;X9BoB894 >: 7_8::_ 

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C | } ;<>4gb: \HnKc

/:564C G < "t6Z^ 8?

*:;:_:Z94C Ht6Z <6 H 4>69B9;X54gh<;

E4BX4Z<B;C <"+'$ #'6"+-,*3 !" *>1%' \9BV89: >< 4gb: 649; _<BX:c

NAChIeIa 84;X9_9=6

w [9>4C "FjMt]

/:564C 8? "t < Ft6Z

*:;:_:Z94C Ft6Z <6 F 4>69B9;X54gh<;^ ?:>< 4X9BZ95j;< :; Jt6Z

@ABRIeEVIa  6:53<i^ >4_64>:56

w [9>4C FK 4 "tt]

,B>984gh<;C 9B;fB94 84548X<59e4>4 ?:5 >9398=_>4>< <6 4>:56<8<5^ 48:5>45<; 35<d=<BX<; <n:=

><;?<5X45 ?5<8:8< x 9B;fB94 5<8:55<BX< := 64=; ]7a9X:; >< ]9Z9<B< >< ;:B: x ;9X=4gh<;

6W>984; 4Z=>4; := 85fB984; d=< 5<d=<9546 =6 ;:B: ><;84B;4>:

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 66 d=< a>e } ;<>4gb: \HnKc } <*,'$ #$'#"+%&' #*$* -*1%*$ $"*/["%

#*$*!'2*,%^ 8:6: ><;9B9a9gb:^ ]:;X9_9>4><^ 9Bd=9<X4gb: \\ 8"+, ),". %149,c

/:564C 87?; "G < Ht6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "GjHt6Zn>

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C "G6Zn>

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C "G6Zn>

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ?:>< ;<5 =;4>4

Page 49: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 49/140

 

,>:;:;C "G6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* D \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m 8:BX54j9B>984>4 B4 Z54[9><ec

\[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9B;fB94 X54B;9Xf594 \8:6: X<6 =64 w [9>4 649:5 d=< :=X5:; ]9?BfX98:;^

<"+'$ S * #$'>*>,3,!*!" !" #$':'-*$ ,+%;+,* $">'1+! +* !"%-'+6,+1*/&'c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ,+%;+,* -$;+,-* 56"+!" * *-1<13*$J%" -'< ' 6"<#'8 x <[9X45 B:;

9>:;:; \?:5 48=6=_4gb: >< 3_=54e<?46 < ;<=; 6<X4a:_9X:; 48X9[:;^ ?:>< 84=;45 4_Z=64

;<>4gb: >9=5B4 <n:= ?<5X=5a4gb: >4; 3=Bgh<; 8:ZB9X9[4;n6:X:54;^ < ?:>< ?5:Z5<>95 8:6 :

X<6?:c x ?:>< Bb: ;<5 Xb: <3984e B4 ?596<954 B:9X< 8:6: B4; ;<Z=9BX<;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C X<6?: ?454 : 9BV89: >: ;:B: x X<6?: X:X4_ >< ;:B: x 48:5>45<; B:8X=5B:;

OGIeEVIa [4_9=6^ a94_e<?46^ =B9;<>9_^ 6<X469>:_^ ;X<;:_9>

w [9>4C FtjGt]

,B>984gh<;C *<5X 4B;9<>4>< Y *k ?pB98: \$Fc x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$Fcx ;9BX:64; ><

4B;9<>4>< \8=5X: ?54e:c x 4Z9X4gb: 4Z=>4^ X5<6:5 := ><_959=6 X5<6<B; B4 4a;X9BoB894 >: 7_8::_

x <;?4;6: 6=;8=_45 <;d=<_WX98: x <;?4;X989>4>< ?:5 >:<Bg4 >: B<=5fB9: 6:X:5 x 4X<X:;< x

;VB>5:6< >< ;X93364B x <?9_<?;94 \4>`=[4BX<c x 4B;9<>4>< >=54BX< <B>:;8:?94 x 4_V[9: >4

4B;9<>4>< 4BX<; >4 845>9:[<5;b: x X54X46<BX: 9B9894_ >< ;X4X=; <?9_<?X98=; x 9B;fB94

x4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 8:6 ><?5<;;b: x ?<5X >9;3f5984 ?5<6<B;X5=4_ x ;VB>5:6< >: 8f_:B

9559X7[<_ < :=X5:; ;9BX:64; ;:67X98:; 4;;:894>:; 8:6 ?<5X >< 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x 64B94

4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c x ?;98:;< 4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %"!*/&' \HnKc \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

/:564C ;=;? :54_ t^K6Zn6' x 8? H^ G^M^ "t6Z x %'3 #*$"+6S$,-* bo<.\K<A x ;:_ 5<8X49; F^G 4

G6ZnF^G6'

*:;:_:Z94C

$B;9<>4><^ <;?4;6: 6=;8=_45^ <?9_<?;94 Y Fj"t6Z^ F 4 Kin>

$a;X9BoB894 >: 7_8::_ Y "t6Z H 4 Kin> B: "~>94^ ><?:9; 5<>=e95 ?454 G6Z H 4 Kin>

Page 50: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 50/140

 

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C 0<>=e95 F6Z 84>4 H >94;k %:; 84;:; >93V8<9;^ _<BX939845 4 X9X=_4gb: ><?:9; >4;

Ft6Zn>^ 5<>=e9B>: t^G6Zj"6Z 84>4 ;<64B4 := 6<B:;k %:; 84;:; >93V8<9;^ "u 84>4 HjK >94;

*5<84=gh<;C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_:j3<8]4>:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C >:;< 9B9894_ F 4 F^G6Z^ "jFin>^ 4=6<BX45 Z54>=4_6<BX<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C >:;< 9B9894_ F 4 F^G6Z^ "jFin>^ 4=6<BX45 Z54>=4_6<BX<

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ae? 3:546 =;4>4; ?454 X54X45 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 )$#^ 4>`=BX: <6

<6<5ZoB894; -E

,>:;:;C >:;< 9B9894_ F 4 F^G6Z^ "jFin>^ 4=6<BX45 Z54>=4_6<BX<

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C "jF^G6Z^ HjKin>^ 4=6<BX45 Z54>=4_6<BX<m 5<8X4_C649; >< F

4B:;

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ec \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?59B89?49;C 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: W !,%#'+,>,3,!*!" !" %'3 '$*3( $"-6*3 " ,+P"-69:"3 x W

4 ?596<954 :?gb: ?454 X54X45 : ;X4X=; <?9_<?X98=; x Xa ?:?=_45 B:; <;?4;6:; 6=;8=_45<; x B4

*>%6,+?+-,* !' 93-''3 x ?:>< #$":"+,$ '% #"%*!"3'%^ ?:5d=< ;=?596< : <;X4>9: K >: ;:B: x ae>

]4a9X=4_6<BX< <;8:_]9>4 B: <*+"P' !* !"#"+!?+-,* !" >U! \?:5d=< X<6 w [9>4 649:5c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?59B89?49;C <=3:594 ?:>< _<[45 4: 4a=;: x 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894 B:; Xi> x?:>< ;<5

;<>4X9[: <6 >:;<; B<8<;;7594; ?454 X54X45 ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< 6:><54>4 4 Z54[< x *%%'-,*!' *

#$'3'+.*<"+6' " !"6"$,'$*/&' !'% %,+6'<*% !" !"3,$,1<

+9BX:64; 4_[:;C 4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 4B;9<>4><^ 9B89>oB894 >< 8:B[=_;h<; \4>`=BX:c^ <;?4;6:;

6=;8=_45<;

NACHIeEVIa 59[:X59_

w [9>4 HtjKt]

,B>984gh<;C *<5X ?pB98: \8:6 := ;<6 4Z:5:3:a94c \$Fcx +VB>5:6< >< '<BB:ij14;X4=Xx

8:B[=_;h<; 489BWX984; x 8:B[=_;h<; 69:8_fB984; x 4=;oB894 x ?<5X=5a4gb: >: ;:B: 0)# x :=X54;

<?9_<?;94; x 9B;fB94 x<*+,* *.1!* \-"^Kc \4>`=[4BX<c x ?;98:;< 4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c x ?<5X

4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \QHc

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c 4_:?W894^ 8:B[=_;h<; Z54B>< 64_

Page 51: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 51/140

 

/:564C %'3 '$*3 F^G6Zn6' x 8? t^G6Z^ F6Z \>:;<; ;b: : >:a5: >: 4_?54e:_46 "6Z 4_?|F6Z

8_:B4e<?46c

*:;:_:Z94C

-:B[=_;h<;C t^G6Z Hin>^ 67i96: Ft6Zn>

*<5X ?pB98:C t^GjF6Zn>k -:6<g45 8:6 t^FG6Z >9[9>9>: <6 F >:;<;^ 4=6<BX45 4XW "6Z

4?f; H>94;k (:;<45 Fin> := "in> 4: ><9X45k #7i96: K6Zn>

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C 649; 3789_ 4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: d=< 8:6 :=X54; ae>

*5<84=gh<;C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c^ ?:>< 84=;45 Z54B>< 64_ <?9_<?X98: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 6r_X9?_4;

8:B[=_;h<;s

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c^ !'"+/* 4"#96,-* .$*:"

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C >:;< ><[< ;<5 5<>=e9>4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C >:;< ><[< ;<5 5<>=e9>4^ Bb: =;45 B4 >:<Bg4 ]<?7X984 Z54[<

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ae? 3:546 =;4>4; ?454 X54X45 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 )$#

,>:;:;C >:;< 6<B:5<; < 6:B9X:59e4gb:

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C >:;<; 6<B:5<; < 6:B9X:59e4gb:

154[9><e_ 84X<Z:594 ( \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ec \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: x 6<B:5 ;<>4gb: d=< :=X54; ae? x 649:5 >=54gb:

>< 4gb: d=< :=X54; ae? x >9;?:B9a9_9>4>< <6 ;:_=gb: :54_ W <"+'$ #'6"+-,*3 !" *!,/&' X1"

'16$*% >U# x 3789_ >< ><;64645 ?:5 w [9>4 649; _:BZ4

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><;<B[:_[96<BX: >< X:_<5pB894^ ;:a5<X=>: B4 <?9_<?;94 ?:5 >:;<;

649:5<; x 9B>9[V>=: 8:6 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 35<d=oB894 < >=54gb: >4; 8:B[=_;h<;^ ?<X9X 64_^ 4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 4B;9<>4><

} ,+6"$<S!,* 5*6S K]48

IAVRIeCAIa i4B4i^ i4B4i i5

w [9>4C "Fj"G]^ >=54gb: a9:_fZ984 W 6<B:5 \?:5 9;;: >:;4Z<6 Hin>c

Page 52: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 52/140

 

,B>984gh<;C *<5X ?pB98: \$Fcx *<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$Fc x :=X54; ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< x ?<5X

>9;3f5984 ?5<6<B;X5=4_ x ;VB>5:6< >: 8f_:B 9559X7[<_ < :=X5:; ;9BX:64; ;:67X98:; 4;;:894>:;

8:6 ?<5X >< 4B;9<>4>< x 9B;fB94 x 64B94 4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c x ?;98:;< 4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C _9Z4j;< 4 5<8<?X:5<; ae> B: 8:6?_<i: 84B4_ 1$Q$j$j-_m ?5:6:[< :;

<3<9X:; 9B9a9Xf59:; >: 1$Q$^ ?5:6:[< 4 8:B>=XpB894 >< -_^ 9B9a< 4 48X9[9>4>< B<=5:B4_ B:;8958=9X:; >: 6<>: B4 46VZ>4_4 < ?5:[9><B894 a<B<3V89:; X<54?o=X98:; B4; ?<5X=5a4gh<; ><

4B;9<>4><

D<;X<;C <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 <?9_<?;94^ >:<Bg4 6W>984 8:B8:69X4BX< <n:= ?:_96<>984gb:^ <Be964;

]<?7X984; < ]<6:Z5464 ?:>< ;<5 ?5=><BX<

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C ;<>4gb: \FnKc \,7/4,C&7,) ]T * )(#&. .(+,9"8&c^ 34>9Z4^ ><?5<;;b:^

X:BX=54;^ 4X4i94^ >9;8=5;: 4554;X4>:^ 354d=<e4^ <;d=<896<BX:; ;<8=B>759: 4 >9398=_>4><; B4;

4?5<B>9e4Z<6 \*<+S%,* *+6"$;.$*!* Y 43<8X4 4 6<6f594 >< X54a4_]:c^ 8:B3=;b:^ $"*/["%

#*$*!'2*,% \]9?<5<i89X4a9_9>4><^ ]9?<548X9[9>4><^ ><;9B9a9gb:^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ 9Bd=9<X4gb:c^4_=89B4gh<; \4,4&c^ 64B94 \4,4&c^ ]9?:X<B;b: \4,4&c^ ]9?<5;4_9[4gb:^ a:84 ;<84 x ><?5<;;b:

5<;?954Xf594^ <;?<894_6<BX< d=4B>: X:64>:; 8:6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%- <6 :[<5>:;<^

!,%01+/&' 4"#96,-* \4,4&c^ 5<B4_ \4,4&c^ < !,%-$*%,*% %*+.17+"*% \4,4&c^ 9B9a9gb: >: ;:B: 0)#^

43<8X4 4 84?489>4>< >< 8:B>=gb:

/:564C 8? t^FG^ t^G^ "^ F 6Zm 8? _9a<5 ?5:_:BZ4>4 t^G^ "^ F^ H6Z

*:;:_:Z94C \>:;< 8<584 >< "tu >: >94e<?46c

$B;9<>4>< Y "jK6Zn>k ,B98945 t^IG 4 "^G6Zn> >9[9>9>4; <6 H >:;<;^ 4=6<BX45 84>4 >:;<

HjK >94; 4XW : <3<9X: ;<5 4X9BZ9>:m >:;< 67i964 K6Zn>

*<5X ?pB98: Y GjM6Zn> \„0 HjM6Zn>ck ,B98945 "^G6Zn> >9[9>9>4; <6 H >:;<;^ 4=6<BX45

"6Zn> <6 84>4 HjK>94; 4XW K6Zn>^ 64; ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 8]<Z45 4:; "t6Zn>k %4

3:564 „0^ 8:6<g45 t^Gj"6Zn> B=64 rB984 X:64 >< 64B]b^ ?:><B>: ;<5 4=6<BX4>4

"6Zn> 84>4 H 4 K >94;^ >:;< 67i964 "t6Zn>k

C:"$!'%"_ <'$6"% <6 6:B:X<54?94 := 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 7_8::_m ;<>4gb:^ 8:B3=;b:^ 4X4i94^

>969B=9gb: >:; 5<3_<i:;^ 8:64

&;: _:BZ:j?54e:C 59;8: >< !"#"+!?+-,*^ ?45X98=_456<BX< ?:5 ?<5V:>:; >< X54X46<BX: ;=?<59:5

4 "F ;<64B4; \Z=9><_9B<; 48:B;<_]46 ] %"<*+*% !1$*/&' <92,<* !" 6$*6*<"+6'm ;9BX:64;

>< ?59[4gb: ?:><6 :8:55<5 4?f; KjM ;<64B4; >< =;: 8:BXVB=:c < <;?<894_6<BX< <6 9B>9[V>=:;

8:6 ]i >< 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894;k &;: 9BX<569X<BX< ?:>< X46aW6 4`=>45 4 5<>=e95 ?5:a_<64;

>< X:_<5pB894 < ><?<B>oB894k #4; X:_<5pB894 4:; <3<9X:; 4B;9:_VX98:; ;b: 545:; B: _:BZ:j?54e:k

=,+6'<*% !" *>%6,+?+-,*C 59Z9><e^ 354d=<e4^ ?<5X 1,^ ?45<;X<;94;^ ;9BX:64; Z59?49;^ ?<5X [9;=49;^

4B;9<>4><^ 9B;fB94^ ?<;4><_:; \5<a:=> >< ;:B: 0)#c^ ><;?<5;:B4_9e4gb:^ 5<>=gb: >4 6<6f594

< 8:B8<BX54gb:^ 9_=;h<;n4_=89B4gh<;^ ><?5<;;b:

O"%-'+6,+1*/&'_ $,%-' !" -'+:13%["% ;< ?454Z<6 >< >:;<€K6Zn> := >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i ><

8:B[=_;h<; := D-)k D9X=_4gb: >< t^G6Z 84>4 H >94; ?454 5<>=e95 :; <3<9X:;k *454 :; 84;:; 649;

Page 53: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 53/140

 

>93V8<9;^ 5<>=e95 t^FG6Z 84>4 ;<64B4 := 6<B:;k %:; ?9:5<; 84;:;^ 5<>=e95 4 >:;< "u 84>4 H

>94; >9;;:_[<B>: <6 "tt6' >< ;=6: >< 35=X4 < >9;?<B;4B>: "6' 84>4 HjI >94;k

,BX<54gh<;C \[9>< <6 8964c

*5<84=gh<;C 6=>4Bg4; >< >:;< ><[<6 ;<5 3<9X4; <6 8:_4a:54gb: 8:6 : ?5<;859X:5 x =;45 8:684=X<_4 <6 !'"+6"% -'< !'"+/* #13<'+*$ \84;:; 545:; >< 6:5X< 4?f; 9BV89: >< ae> <6

>:<BX<; 8:6 9B;=3989oB894 ?=_6:B45 Z54[<c x ]i >< 4a=;: >< 7_8::_ := :=X54; ;=a;XpB894;

4=6<BX4 : 59;8: >< ><?<B>oB894 x ]9?:64B94 := 64B94 :8:55<546 <6 >:<BX<; ><?5<;;9[:; 4

X:645 4_?54e:_46 x =;45 8:6 <iX5<64 84=X<_4 <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 *#+",* '>%6$16,:* !' %'+' x

?:>< >45 $"*/["% #*$*!'2*,% < <;X7 4;;:894>: 4 >:;<; 4_X4;^ 649; 35<d=<BX<; B4; ?<5X 8:BX5:_:

>:; 96?=_;:;^ ><a9_9>4><^ ?<5X B<=5:_fZ984; := ><Z<B<54X9[4;^ `:[<B;^ 9>:;:;m 4;;:894>: 4 ae>

>< w [9>4 8=5X4m ;b: 5<8:B]<89>4; ?<_:; :=X5:; 64; Bb: 5<8:B]<89>4; ?<_: ?5f?59:

]4a9X=4_6<BX<

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_: 3<8]4>:^ >:<BX<; 4 X:645 8<X:8:B4e:_ :=9X548:B4e:_

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C ><[<j;< 8:6<g45 8:6 =64 >:;< 649; 5<>=e9>4 \t^Gjt^IG6Zn>

<6 F := H >:;<; >9[9>9>4;c

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ae? 3:546 =;4>4; ?454 X54X45 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 )$#

,>:;:;C ><[<j;< 8:6<g45 8:6 =64 >:;< 649; 5<>=e9>4 \t^Gjt^IG6Zn> <6 F := H >:;<;

>9[9>9>4;c

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4^ 64; 35<d=<BX<6<BX<

=;4>:

154[9><e_ -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ecm 4=6<BX: >< ><3<9X:; 3<X49;^ ;:a5<X=>: B:

"~ X596<;X5<^ 8:6: 3<B>4 ?4_4X9B4^ <;X<B:;< ?9_f5984^ 4X5W;94^ a49i: ?<;: • B4;8<Bg4m

><[< ;<5 ><;8:BX9B=4>4 8:6 X9X=_4gb: >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><e^ 8594Bg4; ?:><6 <i?<59<B8945

;VB>5:6< >< 4a;X9BoB894^ 3_489><e B<:B4X4_^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ 6<;6: _9Z<954;^ ?:><6 84=;45_<;b: 4: 3<X: := <6a59b:

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

*:X<B8949; [4BX4Z<B;C 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: x 6<B:; ;<>4X9[: d=< :=X54; ae> x !,%#'+,>,3,!*!"

!* 0'$<13*/&' DR -'< <*,'$ !1$*/&' !" */&'^ 649:5 49B>4 d=< : 8_:B4e<?46

*:X<B8949; ><;[4BX4Z<B;C <=3:594 ?:>< _<[45 4: 4a=;: x 4a=;: <;?<894_6<BX< ?5<:8=?4BX< <6

9B>9[V>=:; 8:6 4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894;^ ?4;;4>: := ?5<;<BX<

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:^ 4B;9<>4><

Page 54: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 54/140

 

ACRIeEVIa _:5<B9B^ _:5;<>4_^ 4B;9_:5

w [9>4| "tjFt]^ >=54gb: 8_VB984 6<B:5 d=< a9:>9;?:B9a9_9>4>< \9BX<56W>94c

,B>984gh<;C *<5X 4B;9<>4>< x *<5Xk ?pB98: \$Fcx ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \$Fc x ;9BX:64; ><

4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 ;9BX:64; ><?5<;;9[:; x X54X46<BX: 9B9894_ >: ;X4X=; <?9_<?X98=; x ?5Wj

4B<;X<;94 x 9B;fB94 x <;?4;6: 6=;8=_45 x ?;98:;< 4a;X9BoB894 7_8::_ x 8<34_<94; x ?<5X ?pB98: x

64B94 4Z=>4 \-"^Kc \4>`=[4BX<c x ?;98:;< 4Z=>4 \4>`=[4BX<c x !"3,$,1< \8:6 ]4_:?<59>:_c x

-*6*6'+,* \"q_9B]4c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 66 d=< ae? } %"!*/&' 5g\]8

/:564;C 8? "^ F^G < G6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

FjH6Zn> <6 K * g !'%"%k #7i96: "t6Zn>

$Z9X4gb: 4;;:894>4 4 ><_959=6C t^FGj"6Z 84>4 FjK ]:54;^ 8:B3:56< B<8<;;759:^ 67i96:

H6Zn>m B: <BX4BX: 4;;:894>: 4 4Z54[46<BX: >: ><_959=6

N*6*6'+,*C 4XW K6Zn>m ;< 4=;oB894 >< 5<;?:;X4 4: 396 >< FjH >94; >45 >:;< 4_X4 >< Jj

 FK6Zn>m ;< 4=;oB894 >< 5<;?:;X4 4: 396 >< HjK >94;^ 9B98945 )-Dc

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C >:;< 9B9894_ "jF6Zn>^ FjHin>

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C >:;< 9B9894_ "jF6Z^ FjHin>m ?:5 84=;4 >4 w [9>4 8=5X4 <

6<X4a:_9X:; 9B48X9[:;^ #$"0"$,!* +* !'"+/* 4"#96,-* 

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ae? 3:546 =;4>4; ?454 X54X45 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 )$#^ 4>`=BX: <6

<6<5ZoB894; -E

,>:;:;C >:;< 9B9894_ "jF6Zn> <6 F 4 H >:;<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4 4XW 4:; "F 4B:;

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ec \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B;C 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: x =;4>: B4 4B<;X<;94 ?454 9B>=e95 46BW;94 4BX<5fZ54>4 ?5Wj

:?<54Xf594 W #'$ -*1%* !* } :,!* -1$6* " <"6*>'3,6'% ,+*-6,:'%( #$"0"$,!* +* !'"+/* 4"#96,-*

W #$"0"$,!* 6*<>S< +' 6$*6*<"+6' !' !"3,$,1< 5#$"!,/&' !* >,'!,%#'+,>,3,!*!" X1*+!'

!*!' "< 0'$<* Ga8 x =64 >4; ae> ?5<3<59>4; ?454 X54X45 4 4Z9X4gb: 4;;:894>4 4 ?;98:;<^

>:<Bg4 a9?:_45 < :=X54; ?<5X^ ;:a5<X=>: B: 9BX<5B46<BX:

Page 55: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 55/140

 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C <=3:594 ?:>< _<[45 4 4a=;: \<*,'$ #'6"+-,*3 !"#"+!?+-,*cx 649;

;<>4X9[4 d=< :=X54; ae>

NACDIeCAIa :_84>9_^ 8_:i46

w [9>4C

/:564C 8?^ " < F6Z

,B>984gh<;C s

*:;:_:Z94C H 4 M6Z <6 H 4>69B9;X54gh<;^ 67i96: "F6Zk

CDIeEVIa ;<5<B4_

w [9>4C HjF"] \9BX<56W>94c

,B>984gh<;C 4B;9<>4>< x 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 ><?5<;;b: x 4a;X9BoB894 >: 7_8::_ 

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c } ;<>4gb: \HnKc

/:564C 8? "G^ Gt6Z

*:;:_:Z94;C

$B;9<>4>< _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4j HtjMt6Zn> <6 g * ] !'%"% >9[9>9>4;

$B;9<>4>< Z54[<^ 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 • 4a;X9BoB894 >< 7_8::_C KGj"Ft6Zn> <6 H 4 K

>:;<; >9[9>9>4;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_:j3<8]4>:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ :; BV[<9; >: 375648: ?:><6 4=6<BX45

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ :; BV[<9; >: 375648: ?:><6 4=6<BX45m ?:584=;4 >4 w [9>4 8=5X4 < 6<X4a:_9X:; 9B48X9[:;^ #$"0"$,!* +* !'"+/* 4"#96,-* 

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ae? 3:546 =;4>4; ?454 X54X45 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 )$#^ 4>`=BX: <6

<6<5ZoB894; -E

,>:;:;C >:;< 9B9894_ Ht6Zn> <6 H >:;<;^ ?:>< ;<5 4=6<BX4>: 4XW Mt6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4 4XW 4:; M 4B:;

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m a<B<3V89:; ?:X<B8949; ?:><6

49B>4 4;;96 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: B4 Z54[9><ec \[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

Page 56: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 56/140

 

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: x !'"+6"% -'< !'"+/* 4"#96,-* \?:5 X<5 =64 w

[9>4 8=5X4 < 6<X4a:_9X:; 9B48X9[:;c

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C <=3:594 ?:>< _<[45 4 4a=;: x 4a=;4>:5<;

NEFIeCAIa =B4l4_6

/:564C 84?;^ "G^ Ht6Z

*:;:_:Z94C Ht6Z <6 F 4>69B9;X54gh<;k *:>< 4X9BZ95j;< Mt6Z

aEDIeCAIa ;<>:i9_

,B>984gh<;C 4B;9<>4><

/:564C 8? "6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "jH6Z <6 " 4 H 4>69B9;X54gh<;

E=FIeCAIa  l49B<[<5

w [9>4 "tjFK ]

,B>984gh<;C 9B;fB94 84548X<59e4>4 ?:5 >9398=_>4>< <6 4>:56<8<5^ 48:5>45<; 35<d=<BX<; <n:=

><;?<5X45 ?5<8:8< x 9B;fB94 5<8:55<BX< := 64=; ]7a9X:; >< ]9Z9<B< >< ;:B:

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 66 d=< a>e } ;<>4gb: \HnKc

/:564C 8? F6Z

*:;:_:Z94C " 4 F 6Z 4: ><9X45^ 8:6<g45 8:6 "6Z

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759:; [759:; 6<;<;k 0<X9545 "u >< "tt6' 84>4 H 4 I >94;

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 84=X<_4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 84=X<_4

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ?:>< ;<5 =;4>4

,>:;:;C Bb: B<8<;;759:^ <6 ><a9_9X4>:;^ 8:6<g45 8:6 t^G6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4

Page 57: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 57/140

 

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* D \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m 8:BX54j9B>984>4 B4 Z54[9><ec

\[9>< 4_?54e:_46c

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9B;fB94 X54B;9Xf594

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 01<*!'$"% \?:><6 B<8<;;9X45 >< =64 >:;< 649:5c x 6'3"$q+-,* \<[9X45 =;45 649; d=< "t >94; := 6<B:; d=< 6<X4>< >4; B:9X<; B=6 6o;c

+9BX:64; 4_[:C X<6?: ?454 : 9BV89: >: ;:B: x X<6?: X:X4_ >< ;:B: x 48:5>45<; B:8X=5B:;

FEaIeEVIa B:569;:B

w [9>4C J 4 "G]

,B>984gb:C X54X46<BX: >< 8=5X:j?54e: >4 9B;fB94 

/:564C 87?; 6:_< Ft6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "t 4 Ft6Z 4: ><9X45k W _<BX46<BX< 4a;:5[9>:^ ?:5 9;;: 4>69B9;X545 " 4 F ]:54; 4BX<;

>: ><9X45^ ?:><j;< 4=6<BX45 ?454 Ht6Zk

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'"+6"% -'< ,+%;+,* ,+6"$<S!,* j ><;?<5X45<; B:8X=5B:; \><[9>: •

4a;:5gb: 9BX<;X9B4_ _<BX4^ <i8<?X: ;< 4 >:;< 3:5 X:64>4 " 4 F ]:54; 649; 8<>:c W #$"0"$,!* +*

!'"+/* 4"#96,-* 4 :=X54; ae>^ ?:5 X<5 w [9>4 8=5X4

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 9B;fB94 9B9894_ x 9B;fB94 5<a:=B> 6<;6: B4

><;8:BX9B=4gb:

hRCaIeEVIa a5:64_<i^ _<i:X4B^ =_X5469>:_

/:564C 8? "^G 6Z^ H6Z^ M6Z^ "F6Z

*:;:_:Z94C H 4 "J6Zn> <6 [7594; 4>69B9;X54gh<;

} :,!* 136$*J$9#,!*

aGOIeCAIa >:5698=6

w [9>4C FjM ]:54;

Page 58: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 58/140

 

/:564C 8? Ft6Z x ;:_ 9B`<8X7[<_

*:;:_:Z94C

[94 :54_C 4XW Ft 6Zm

;<>4gb: 8:B;89<BX<C t^tIjt^tJ 6ZnlZ^ ,#^ Ht 4 Mt 69B=X:; 4BX<; >4 9BX<5[<Bgb: := " 4 "^G 6Z

,E^ ?:><B>: 5<?<X95j;< 4?f; F 69B=X:;m

<6 >:<BX<; 9BX=a4>:;C t^tG 4 t^F 6ZnlZn]:54 ?:5 9B3=;b: 8:BXVB=4

,B>984gh<;C ;<>4gb: <6 >:<BX<; ?<>97X598:; x ;<>4gb: \B4 4B<;X<;94c x 4B;9:_VX98: ?5Wj

:?<54Xf59: x 46BW;94 9B>=e9>4 ?:5 375648:;

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9BV89: 57?9>: x 3:564; ?45<BXW5984; x 5<8=?<54gb: 57?9>4 \F 4 M ]:54;c x

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?:>< ;<5 ;:a5<;<>4X9[:

FRGIeCAIa  ]4_89:B \$"6,$*!' !' <"$-*!' +' RBc

w [9>4C "^G 4 G ]:54;

,B>984gb:C X54X46<BX: >< 8=5X:j?54e: >4 9B;fB94

/:564C 8? t^FG6Z

*:;:_:Z94C 8:6<g45 8:6 t^"FG 4 t^FG6Zn> 4: ><9X45^ 4=6<BX45 4XW t^G6Zn>

)3<9X:;C 46BW;94 4BX<5fZ54>4 649; ?5:<69B<BX<

*:X<B8949; [4BX4Z<B;C ?:5 X<5 w [9>4 8=5X4^ ?:>< ;<5 ?5<3<5V[<_ <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4

]<?7X984

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 9BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4;^ ;:a5<X=>: 8:6 : 7_8::_ x >:<BX<; 8:6

9B;fB94 X<569B4_ x 59;8: 649:5 >< *<+S%,* *+6"$;.$*!*( *31-,+*/["% '1 -'<#'$6*<"+6'%

,+1%,6*!'%

eCAVGOEa ;X9_B:i^ 8y6<59:B

Page 59: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 59/140

 

w [9>4C F^G]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4Z:B9;X4 >: ;=aX9?: 4_34" >: 5<8<?X:5 1$Q$j$^ ?5:6:[< 4; 4gh<;

9B9a9Xf594; >: 1$Q$ 4: BV[<_ ;<>4X9[: 8:6 649:5 ;<_<8X9[9>4>< d=< :=X5:; 4gh<; >: 1$Q$m

?5:6:[< 4 8:B>=XpB894 >< 8_:5<X:m 4gh<; 9B9a9Xf594; B: 8<BX5: >: ;:B:

,B>984gb:C X54X46<BX: >< 8=5X: ?54e: >4 9B;fB94 

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C ;<>4gb: \HnKc^ X:BX=54;^ 4X4i94^ 46BW;94 >:;< ><?<B><BX<^

]9?<5<i89X4a9_9>4><^ B<5[:;9;6:^ 4_=89B4gh<; \4,4&c^ >9455<94^ B7=;<4^ 8<34_<94;^ ><?5<;;b:

5<;?954Xf594

*:;:_:Z94C "t6Zn> 4: ><9X45 >=54BX< I 4 "t >94;

%b: W 4a;:5[9>: Xb: 54?9>46<BX< d=4B>: X:64>: 8:6 4_96<BX:;^ >:<BX<; 8:6 GaN >*,2'

#'!" $"X1"$"$ !'%"% !" L<.

,BX<54gh<; \6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*H$KcC %"< $"3":*+6"% 

*5<84=gh<;C 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; <i9a<6 8:ZB9gh<; < 8:6?:5X46<BX:; 4B:5649; \><?5<;;9[:^

><;9B9a9>:c^ 4Z54[46<BX: >4 9><4gb: ;=989>4^ <iX5<64 84=X<_4 B4 >9;3=Bgb: 5<;?954Xf594 <

4?B<94 :a;X5=X9[4^ 46BW;94 X<6?:57594 8:6 >:;< 649:5<; d=< "t6Zn>

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 4?<B4; 4_<5Z94 4 e:_?9><6

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C G6Zn>

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ;<6 >4>:;

,>:;:;C G6Zn>

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4

^$*:,!"U_ -*6".'$,* h \<;X=>:; <6 4B9649; Bb: 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;m ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm 8594Bg4; d=< X:64546 ]9?BfX98:; ;<>4X9[:; B4

Z54[9><e ?:><6 X<5 ;9BX:64; >< 4a;X9BoB894^ < 3_489><e B<:B4X4_

Page 60: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 60/140

 

$646<BX4gb:C ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'"+6"% X1" $"X1"$"< 6$*6*<"+6' * 3'+.'J#$*U' x ?:>< ;<5 ?5<3<59>:

<6 5<_4gb: •; ae? ?:5 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb:^ >=54gb: 8=5X4 >< <3<9X: < ?<539_ >< ;<Z=54Bg4 x

#$':9:"3 <"+'$ !"#"+!?+-,* X1" >U!

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 649; 845:

+9BX:64; 4_[:C X<6?: ?454 9B98945 : ;:B:^ X<6?: X:X4_ >< ;:B:^ 48:5>45<; B:8X=5B:;

.&D0.+ /U0#$-.+ &+$(.+ %$ $%+,)($()

hB=VGRCHI 4B;9X<B^ a=;4B4;9_^ a=;84_64^ 9X4Z9_

w [9>4C H 4 K ]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *.'+,%6* #*$-,*3 LJMFbIm 4: BV[<_ #;%J%,+9#6,-' ?:>< >969B=95 4

48X9[9>4>< >4 ;<5:X:B9B4 < 8:BX59a=95 ?454 4; 4gh<; 4B;9:_VX984;^ 4gh<; 4Z:B9;X4; ?458949; 4:

Page 61: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 61/140

 

BV[<_ #$SJ%,+9#6,-' ?:><6 4=6<BX45 4 48X9[9>4>< ;<5:X:B9BW5Z984 8:BX59a=9B>: ?454 4; 4gh<;4BX9><?5<;;9[4;^ <;X4a9_9e4>:5 >4 ;<5:X:B9B4

,B>984gh<;C 64B<`: ?<5X=5a4gh<; >4 4B;9<>4>< x X54X46<BX: >< 8=5X:j?54e: >< ;9BX:64; ><

4B;9<>4>< x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< Z<B<54_9e4>4 \(Gc x 4B;9<>4>< 69;X4 < ><?5<;;b: x 6$*6*<"+6' !"

!"#$"%%&' $"%,%6"+6" 5*!P1+6'8

/45648:89BWX984C !"<'$* K * ] %"<*+*% * 0*U"$ "0",6'^ ;< Bb: 5<;=_X45 • MjJ ;<64B4;^ ?:><

;<5 B<8<;;759: 4=6<BX45 4 >:;< := 6=>45

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C X:BX=54;^ 8<34_<94;^ B<5[:;9;6:^ ;<>4gb: \FnK^ .&=4(91+& %&) +&.(. .1/ ,

-L)DM+ c^ <i89X4gb:^ 4_:?W894^ ;9BX:64; 845>V48:; \4,4&c

/:564C 8? G < "t6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

>:;< ]4a9X=4_C FtjHt6Zn>

9B9894_6<BX< "G6Z <6 K\!m 4=6<BX:; >< G6Zn> 84>4 F 4 H >94; 4XW <3987894 ><;<`4>4m

>:;< 67i964 Mt6Zn>

.[<5>:;<C ;<6 6:5X<;m ;<>4gb:^ X:BX=54;^ 69:;<^ +91%"*%^ :;<,6'% 

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C Bb: B<8<;;7594

,BX<54gh<;C

9#$.}a=;?95:B4

*5<84=gh<;C ;<6

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C ,aIC 

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

Page 62: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 62/140

 

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 84=X<_4^ Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: B4 Z54[<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C 84=X<_4^ Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: B4 Z54[<

*<5Xk 845>V484;C 3:9 =;4>4 ?454 X54X45 4 ]:;X9_9>4>< <6 >:<BX<; 845>V48:;

,>:;:;C 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; X:_<546 6<_]:5 >:;<; 649; a49i4;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C ;<Z=5:

154[9><eC 154[9><e_ 84X<Z:594 Q \<;X=>:; <6 4B9649; Bb: 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;m

;<6 <;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: Z<54_6<BX< 5<8:6<B>4>:^ 64; ?:>< ;<5

=64 4_X<5B4X9[4 649; ;<Z=54

$646<BX4gb:C ;< 8594Bg4 39845 9559X4>4 := ;<>4>4^ ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

*:X<B8949; [4BX4Z<B;C ?<539_ >< ;<Z=54Bg4 x *1%?+-,* !" !"#"+!?+-,* " *>%6,+?+-,* x *1%?+-,* 

!" !,%01+/&' %"21*3 '1 .*+4' !" #"%' x <"+'% "0",6'% %"-1+!9$,'% X1" >U! 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ><6:54 K ;<64B4; 4 34e<5 5<;=_X4>: x ?:>< X<5 <"+'% "0,-9-,* 

*+%,'376,-* d=< ae> B4_Z=B; >:<BX<;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 4B;9<>4><

^IhIVEHFGHI B<=5:BX9B

w [9>4C GjI ]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 3,.*+!' !"36* *30* K !'% -*+*,% !" N*KQ %"+%7:",% m :'36*."<m _9Z4j;< 4:;

84B49; >< -4F} ;<B;V[<9; • [:_X4Z<6 \=B9>4>< ><_X4 4_34jFc^ : d=< 5<>=e 4 8:B>=gb: >< 87_89:

9BX548<_=_45 < 4 48X9[9>4>< B<=5:B4_

,B>984gh<;C 859;<; ?458949; x B<[54_Z94 ?f;j]<5?WX984 x !'$ +"1$'#96,-*\-$;+,-* x 39a5:694_Z94

\4>`=BX:c x 4B;9<>4>< \4>`=BX:c x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 \4>`=BX:c s x #"$6 *+%,"!*!" %'-,*3 5hg( Ky

3,+4*8 x *>%6,+?+-,* *3-';3,-* 

Page 63: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 63/140

 

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %"!*/&' \HnKc…^ X:BX=54;^ 4X4i94^ 34>9Z4^ B9;X4Z6:^ X5<6:5^ [f69X:;^

>9;?<?;94^ >9455<94^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^ [9;b: X=5[4^ <><64 ?<593W598:^

<6 8594Bg4;†"F 4B:; Y ]:;X9_9>4><^ _4a9_9>4><n><?5<;;b:^ ]9?<589BW;94^ ?<5X ?<B;46<BX:^

Z4B]: >< ?<;:^ #%,-'%" \4,4&c

…5<_489:B4>4 8:6 4 >:;<

/:564C 8? "tt^ Htt^ Ktt^ Mtt^ Jtt 6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

{ooJbuoo\! "< g !'%"% !,:,!,!*%

8:6<g45 8:6 Htt6Z B: "~ >94^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 Mtt6Z <6 >=4; >:;<; B: F~ >94^

4=6<BX45 ?454 {tt6Z <6 H >:;<; B: H~ >94m <6 4_X<5B4X9[4 9B98945 8:6 {tt6Zn> <6 H

>:;<;

,BX<54gh<;C

-:BX548<?X9[:; :549;}Z4a4?<BX9B4 s 

*5<84=gh<;C <3<9X:; ><?5<;;:5<; 8:6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%- \7_8::_^ 9#$.^ :=X5:;

4BX98:B[=_;9[4BX<;cm X:BX=54; < ;<>4gb: ?:><6 4=6<BX45 : 59;8: >< d=<>4; B:; 9>:;:;m

><;<B[:_[96<BX: >< X=6:5<; := 4Z54[46<BX: >< X=6:5<; <6 ]=64B:;^ : ;9ZB93984>: 8_VB98: W

><;8:B]<89>:

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 4_<5Z94 4 Z4a4?<BX9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C <i85<gb: W 5<B4_^ ?:5 9;;: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;< Y

D/1†"M \"ttjHtt6Zn> B=64 >:;<c^ D/1|"MjF{\FttjIttc^ D/1|HtjG{\Kttj"Ktt6Zn>

<6 >=4; >:;<;cm ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 4=6<BX45 4 >:;< B4 ]<6:>97_9;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C ?5:[4[<_6<BX< =X9_9e4j;< >:;< B:564_

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ;<6 5<8:6<B>4gh<; <;?<8V3984;

,>:;:;C 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 4?5:[4>: B4 <?9_<?;94

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \<;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm =;: <6 6=_]<5<; >< 9>4>< 3W5X9_ 5<d=<5 4[4_94gb: >:;

59;8:;na<B<3V89:; x 4 4=;oB894 >< <3987894 8:B[9B8<BX< 34[:5<8< 4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >:

X54X46<BX: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C !'$ -$;+,-* +"1$'#96,-* x ?<539_ >< <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; X:_<57[<_ x

?:=84; 9BX<54gh<; 345648:_fZ984; x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:

Page 64: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 64/140

 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?:=84 >:8=6<BX4gb: >< <3987894 B4; 9B>984gh<; :33j_4a<_^

<;?<894_6<BX< B4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x 5<d=<5 H >:;<; ?:5 >94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 8:B[=_;h<;^ >:5^ 4B;9<>4><

VRE^IhIAGHI _y5984

w [9>4C GjI ]:54; 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 3,.*+!' !"36* *30* K !'% -*+*,% !" N*KQ %"+%7:",% m :'36*."<m 4B7_:Z: >4

_<=89B4^ _9Z4j;< 4 ;=a=B9>4>< 4_34 F >:; 84B49; >< -4F} ;<B;V[<9; • [:_X4Z<6^ >969B=9B>: :

<i8<;;: >< 48X9[9>4>< B<=54_ < _9a<5X4gb: >< B<=5:X54B;69;;:5<;

,B>984gh<;C B<=5:?4X94 >94aWX984 ?<593W5984 x B<[54_Z94 ?f;j]<5?WX984 x #"$6 *+%,"!*!"

."+"$*3,U*!* 5Ib8 x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< ;:894_ \(c x ?<5X ?pB98: x 39a5:694_Z94 x !'$ +"1$'#96,-* 

?<593W5984 x 4>`=BX: >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 \Bb: `=;X93984>:c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 6'+61$*%^ 4X4i94^ 34>9Z4^ X5<6:5^ >9;45X594^ ?45<;X<;94;^

4_X<54gh<; 6BW;984;^ !"%-''$!"+*/&'^ 4_X<54gb: >4 4X<Bgb:^ -'+01%&'^ <=3:594^ 9559X4a9_9>4><^

[f69X:;^ >'-* %"-*^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 4=6<BX: >: 4?<X9X<^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^ 3_4X=_oB894^ [9;b:

>=?_4^ !,#3'#,*^ <><64 ?<593W598:^ >969B=9gb: >4 _9a9>:^ >9;3=Bgb: <5W8X9_^ ?;98:;< \4,4&c

/:564C 84?;k FG^ Gt^ ~L^ "tt^ "Gt^ Ftt^ FFG^ Htt6Z

(:;< ]4a9X=4_C "GtjMtt6Zn> <6

(:5 B<=5:?7X984C 9B98945 "Gt6Zn> <6 FjH>:;<;^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 Htt6Zn> 4?f; HjI >94;^

67i96: Mtt6Zn>

S4a9X=4_6<BX< >4>: "nH : "nM >4 >:;< >< Z4a4?<BX9B4^ 4X<Bgb: • ;<>4gb: ;9BW5Z984m 4 649:594

>:; >:<BX<; 4?<B4; ?5<89;4 >< X:645 ?5<Z4a4_9B4 K2\!^ <6 >:;<; 649; 4_X4; 4 X:_<54a9_9>4><

6<_]:54 8:6 >:;< X59>97594

.[<5>:;<C Bb: 5<?:5X4>:

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb: B=64 ;<64B4

,BX<54gh<;C ;<6

*5<84=gh<;C X:BX=54; < ;<>4gb: 4=6<BX46 : 59;8: >< d=<>4; B:; 9>:;:;m 59;8: 4=6<BX4>: ><

]<64BZ9:;458:64 <6 4_X4; >:;<; B:; 54X:;^ 64; Bb: B:; ]=64B:;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C ;< 9BX:_<5pB894 • Z4_48X:;<^ ><3989oB894 >< '4?? := 64_4a;:5gb: >< Z_98:;<j

Z4_48X:;<

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

Page 65: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 65/140

 

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C <i85<gb: W 5<B4_^ ?:5 9;;: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;< Y

D/1†"G \FGjIG6Zn> B=64 >:;<c^ D/1|"MjF{\FGj"Gtc^ D/1|HtjG{\IGjHtt6Zn> <6 >=4;

4 X5o; >:;<;cm ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 4=6<BX45 4 >:;< B4 ]<6:>97_9;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ;<6 5<8:6<B>4gh<; <;?<8V3984;

,>:;:;C 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4;

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \<;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm =;: <6 6=_]<5<; >< 9>4>< 3W5X9_ 5<d=<5 4[4_94gb: >:;

59;8:;na<B<3V89:;

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C "q _9B]4 B4 B<=5:?4X94 >94aWX984 x 39a5:694_Z94 x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< x

6<_]:54 4 >9;5=?gb: >: ;:B: B4_Z=B; >:<BX<; x ?<539_ >< <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; a:6 x ?:=84;

9BX<54gh<; W <*,% #'6"+6" " #$':*:"3<"+6" <"34'$ 6'3"$*!' "< *36*% !'%"% X1" .*>*#"+6,+*

x ,+7-,' !" */&' <*,% $9#,!' d=< 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; B4; ?<5Xk 4B;9<>4>< \" ;<64B4c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 5<d=<5 >:;<; FjHin> x 49B>4 Bb: 4?5:[4>: ?454 ?<5X 4B;9<>4><

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 8:B[=_;h<;^ >:5^ 4B;9<>4><

aEAIFCHGHI 89584>9B

,B>984gh<;C X54X46<BX: <6 6:B:X<54?94 < 4 -1$6' #$*U' !" ,+%;+,* #$,<9$,* 84548X<59e4>4 ?:5

;:B: >< 67 d=4_9>4><^ 9>4><€GG4B:;

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 8<34_<94^ 3459BZ9X<^ _:6a4_Z94;^ 4;X<B94

/:564C 8? F6Z

*:;:_:Z94C " 8? " 4 F ]:54; 4BX<; >< ><9X45 < ><?:9; >: `4BX45

+9BX:64; 4_[:C _4XoB894 >: ;:B: >< 4=6<BX4>4

TIAERGIHI _9[<X4B^ [4_>9;?<5X

,B>984gh<;C *+%,"!*!"^ ,+%;+,* !" -1$6* !1$*/&'

0<4gh<; 4>[<5;4;C 8<34_<94^ ;VB>5:6< >< 5<;;484 64X9B4_^ ?<5X 1,

Page 66: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 66/140

Page 67: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 67/140

 

%b: 345648:_fZ984;C -QD}6<>984gb: 649; <3984e d=< 6:B:X<54?94

1$(

"q _9B]4 \$"cC ++0,; \<;89X4_:?546^ ?45:i<X9B4^ ;<X54_9B4c^ +%0, \[<B_434i9B4^ >=_:i<X9B4c^

#$".*>*3,+*^ d=<X94?9B4 \5<;=_X4>:; ?5<_969B45<;c

Fq_9B]4 \$FcC 969?5469B4^ >U!^ ]9>5:i9e9B4

Hq _9B]4 \QcC [4_?5:4X:^ :?9?546:_^ ++0,}4BX9?9;f8X98: 4XV?98: \:_4Be4?9B4^ 59;?<59>:B4c

+$(

"q _9B]4 \$c ++0, \<;89X4_:?546^ 3_=[:i469B4^ ?45:i<X9B4^ ;<X54_9B4c^ +%0, \[<B_434i9B4c

Fq _9B]4 \$cC 9#$. \3<B<_e9B4c

Hq _9B]4 \QcC ae>^ 89X4_:?546^ .*>*#"+6,+* 

Kq _9B]4 \-cC :_4Be4?9B4^ X54B9_89?5:69B4^ X94Z4a9B4^ X:?95464X:^ _<[<X9548<X46

0<;9;X<BX<jX54X46<BX:C a=;?95:B4}++0,

%b: 345648:_fZ98:C -QD

/:a94 );?<8V3984

"q _9B]4 \QcC ?45:i<X9B4

);X54XWZ94; Bb: 345648:_fZ984; C -QD

*.-

"q _9B]4 \$cC ==RG \<i8<?X: 89X4_:?546c^ -3'<,#$*<,+* 

Fq _9B]4 \QcC 695X4e4?9B4^ 89X4_:?546

Hq _9B]4 \-cC 459?9?954e:_^ B98:X9B4 ?4;X9_]4;^ ?;9_:89a9B4

0<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \-cC 59_=e:_<^ 6<64BX9B4^ X59?X:5<_9B4^ 89X4_:?546}5<a:i<X9B4^

8_:69?5469B4}++0,^ X:?95464X:}++0,^ X59?X:34B:}8_:69?5469B4^ ?9B>:_:_}++0,

);X54XWZ94; Bb: 345648:_fZ984;C NhF^ )-D B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 ;9BX:64; <;?<8V398:;

\84X4X:B94^ ><?5<;;b: Z54[<c^ "%6,<13*/&' -"$">$*3 #$'01+!* 

Page 68: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 68/140

 

*+D(

"q _9B]4 \$cC ++0, \3_=:i<X9B4^ ?45:i<X9B4^ ;<X54_9B4c^ +%0, \[<B_434i9B4c

Fq _9B]4 \Qc C 469X59?X9_9B4^ 969?5469B4^ 695X4e4?9B4^ _46:X59Z9B4

0<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:C \Qc 4>989:B45 :_4Be4?9B4^ 59;?<59>:B4 x \-"c [<B_434i9B4^

?54;:e9B4

$>69B9;X54gb: 4Z=>4 >< ]9>5:8:5X9;:B4 \Qc B4 ?5<[<Bgb: >4 <6<5ZoB894 >< ;9BX:64;

?f;jX54=67X98:; B4 &-,

Hq _9B]4 \-cC 89X4_:?546^ <;89X4_:?546^ 3_=[:i469B4^ 6:8_:a<69><^ X94B<?X9B4^

d=<X94?9B4^ :_4Be4?94B4^ 3<B9X:VB4^ 845a464e<?9B4^ Z4a4?<BX9B4^ _46:X59Z9B4^ X:?95464X:^

6<6<BX9B4^ DH}++0,^ 969?5469B4}8_:B9>9B4

);X54XWZ94; Bb: 345648:_fZ984;C NhF^ ><a59<39BZ <;X7 8:BX54j9B>984>:^ <;X96=_4gb:64ZBWX984 X54B;854B94B4

)+D$Q,',R$(.0)+ (. S&#.0

AsFGC ?594><_ 

w [9>4C "JjHt]

Page 69: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 69/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4_X<54 4 %,+*3,U*/&' ,+6$*-"313*$ 4X54[W; >4 4gb: >< ;<Z=B>:;

6<B;4Z<95:; \9B:;9X:_ 3:;34X9>9_c^ 6:>=_4gb: >< ?5:X<VB4; 1^ 9B9a9gb: ;9B49; 4 6:BX4BX< \1+ˆH <

?5:X<VB4 89B4;< -c B4 5<Z=_4gb: >4 <i?5<;;b: >< 0*-6'$"% !" -$"%-,<"+6' < ?_4;X989>4><

B<=5:B4_^ <'!13*/&' !'#*<,+S$.,-* " %"$'6'+,+S$.,-*^ 5<>=gb: 9-,!' *$*X1,!;+,-'^ <3<9X:;

B<=5:?5:X<8X:5<; 4X54[W; 5<8<?X:5<; HaOI 

,B>984gh<;A "#,%;!,'% <*+7*-'% !* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ \$Fc \6:B:X<54?94 B4 64B94 _9Z<954 4

6:><54>4^ 8:6a9B4>: 8:6 4BX9?;98fX98: B4 64B94 Z54[<cx 6$*6*<"+6' !" <*+16"+/&' !"

!'"+6"% >,#'3*$"% -'< 4,%6;$,* !" <*+,* \?5<[<Bgb: >4 5<8:55oB894 >< 64B94c \$"c <

64B=X<Bgb: >4 ><?5<;;b: \<6a:54 649; <3984e B4 ?5<[<Bgb: >< 64B94c x X54X46<BX: ><

64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 X9?: ,, x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \<6 6:B:X<54?94 \(Gc :=

8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 _46:X59Z9B4 \QHc x *!P1+6' +' 6$*6*<"+6' !* !'"+/* !"#$"%%,:* <*P'$ \$c x

<*+16"+/&' !* !'"+/* !"#$"%%,:* <*P'$ 1+,#'3*$ \$c \4>`=BX: := 6:B:X<54?94c x

64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4 <;d=9e:43<8X9[4 \-c x =B9?:_45 5<3548X7594 x 8<34_<94; [4;8=_45<; x

B<=X5:?WB94 x 5<>=gb: >: 59;8: >< ;=98V>9: 4 _:BZ: ?54e: \-c

/45648:89BWX984C ><6:54 " 4 H ;<64B4; 4 34e<5 <3<9X:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;…C .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ %"!*/&' \HnKc^ 4X4i94^ >9;45X594^ ><_959=6^ 6$"<'$ 

\ /4&/4,#&7&7 -L , ^L)D -B^KM+ c^ ?5:a_<64; >< 6<6f594^ !,*>"6"% ,+%,#,!1% +"0$'.S+,-* 

\),"&4", =(#"D#&3 ),. /&+( +,4 UTG !^^_@ #& 94,9,)(#9& `:6 ,#&.3 ,..&%",+& ,

7"9*)",.`L3Q))&7Ma c^ ?:_9r594 \4(8(4.$8(7 , %149&M)*+"& /4,C&3 /&+( /(4.".9"4 () %,.&. 4,4&. Y

,)"7&4"+(3 9",C"+,b c^ ?:_9>9?;94^ B<359X< 9BX<5;X9894_^ %,+6'<*% ^G \>9455<94^ B7=;<4^ >9;?<?;94^

[f69X:;c^ 4,#'6,$',!,%<' \, 7&#D& /4,C& QB:L_ 8. L36B:3Q_ #, /&/17,52& D(4,73 D(4,7)(#9(

4(8(4.$8(7 c^ ]9?:X95:9>9;6: ;=a8_VB98: \-^_ 8. :L3>_ #, /&/17,52& D(4,7 c^ 4,#"$#*$*6,$',!,%<' 

\B<35:_9XV4;<^ :;X<:?:5:;<^ >9;?<?;94^ SD$^ ,0-c^ 48B<^ 54;]^ 4_:?W894^ _<=8:89X:;< \1.,+&

#,7D1#. +&(#9(. () %7&C,/"#,c^ <><64^ ;4a:5 6<X7_98: B4 a:84m a54>94559X694;^ ]9?:X<B;b:^

4_X<54gh<; >: )-1 \9B[<5;b: := 4?_4B46<BX: >4 '+!* Fc^ ?;<=>:X=6:5 8<5<a59 \4,4&c^

8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \>969B=9gb: >: ><;<`: ;<i=4_^ >969B=9gb: >4 <i89X4gb:c

…5<_489:B4>:; 8:6 4 >:;<

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:_ 01+/&' $"+*3 \85<4X9B9B4^ D/1c^ 6,$',!",*^ 845>V484 \EN^ 

<6 >:<BX<; 8:6 348X:5<; >< 59;8: := >:<Bg4 845>V484 := 8:6 649; >< Gt 4B:;c^ 6<>9gb: >:#"%' j 84>4 M 6<;<; x 3,6S<,* \84>4 H 6<;<;c x 3k 5<B4_ 84>4 Mn"F 6<;<;

Page 70: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 70/140

 

/:564;C a_9;X<5 "tt &^ 8? _9a<5X4gb: _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4

*:;:_:Z94C

@*%" *.1!*_ buoo<.\! <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;k -:6<g45 8:6 Htt6Z F 4 Hin> < 4`=;X45

>:;< ?:5 BV[<9; ?_4;67X98:;k G+,-,*$ ]oo<.\!( *1<"+6*$ *#;% +7:",% %S$,-'% %"<*+*,% 

@*%" <*+16"+/&'_ {ooJbKoo<.\! <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;

%V[<9; ;W598:; 4_6<`4>:; \4B7_9;<; ><[<6 ;<5 8:_]9>4; "tj"K ]:54; ><?:9;^ "F 6W>94^

4?f; 4 r_X964 X:64c

D54X46<BX: 4Z=>: Y vt^IG n"^t 4 "^G6)dn'm X54X46<BX: 85fB98: Y t^M 4 "^F

6)dn'

*5:39_4i94 >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45C t^M 4 t^IG66:_n'

.?X969e4gb: X54X46<BX: 4Z=>: >4 ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45C t^M Y t^J66:_n' \Mttj

"Ftt 6Zn>c

#4B=X<Bgb: B4 ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45C t^Gjt^J66:_n' \Jttj{tt6Zn>c

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C +1< #"$7'!' !" g <"%"% \<[<BX=4_6<BX< "6o;c ;< 4?f; 64B=X<Bgb:^ ?:9;

84;: 8:BX5759: ?:>< 4=6<BX45 : 59;8: >< 5<89>9[4 < ?:;;9[<_6<BX< ;=98V>9:

.[<5>:;<C 34X4_9>4><; 3:546 5<?:5X4>4;m X5<6:5^ >9;45X594^ ><_959=6^ 8:64^ 8:B[=_;h<; 

\64584>46<BX< ?5:j8:B[=_;9[: <6 >:;<; 649:5<;^ <6 >:;<; X<54?o=X984; W 4?<B4;

_9Z<9546<BX< ?5:j8:B[=_;9[:c^ 9B;X4a9_9>4>< 4=X:Bf6984

,BX<54gh<;C

GENI% Q A76,' \6=9X:; 84;:; >< X:i989>4>< ?:5 _VX9:^ <;?<894_6<BX< B:; 9>:;:;k

(<;<B[:_[<j;< >=54BX< [7594; ;<64B4;k #<84B9;6:;C 376,' S 1< *-6,:*!'$ !' %,%6"<*

$"+,+*J*+.,'6"+%,+* m < 9BX<548gb: 4 BV[<_ 8<_=_45k #:B9X:59e45 4X<BX46<BX< 4 3=Bgb:

5<B4_ := =;45 =64 4_X<5B4X9[4 4BX9j]9?<5X<B;:54k $0$; ?:><6 X46aW6 9BX<54Z95kc

F,*U,!*% Q 376,' \5<>=e<6 4 8_<454B8< 5<B4_ >< _VX9: < BV[<9; ?:><6 4=6<BX45 <6 ?:=8:;

>94;k (9=5WX98:; >< 4B;4 ;b: 649; ;<Z=5:;c

$69B:39_9B4nD<:39_9B4}_VX9: \4=6<BX: >4 <i85<gb: 5<B4_^ 5<>=e BV[<9; >< _VX9:k );X4

9BX<548gb: X<6 ;9>: =;4>4 ?454 X54X45 4 9BX:i984gb: ?:5 _VX9:c

IGHE%Q376,' \9B9a9gb: >4 *1)F 5<B4_^ 5<>=gb: >: 4?:5X< >< ;4BZ=< 8:6 5<>=gb: >4

<i85<gb: >< _VX9:k $>69B9;X54gb: >< =6 $,%); B=6 >:<BX< 4 34e<5 X<54?o=X984 ><

64B=X<Bgb: 8:6 _VX9: ?:>< 5<;=_X45 B=6 4=6<BX: >: _VX9: < ?:;;V[<_ X:i989>4><k .;

<3<9X:; 67i96:; ?:><6 ><6:545 " 4 F ;<64B4; 4 ><;<B[:_[<5j;< < ?:><6 ?<5;9;X95

>=54BX< " ;<64B4 4?f; ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >: $,%);c

)[9X45C 9B>:6<X489B4

-=9>4>: <iX54C 9a=?5:3<B:^ >98_:3<B48^ ?95:i9846

Page 71: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 71/140

 

-=9>4>:C 8<_<8:i9a^ <X:>:_48^ 8<X:?5:3<B:^ 6<_:i9846^ B4?5:<B:^

3<B9_a=X4e:B4^ 5:3<8:i9a

a"+'$ $,%-'_ *%#,$,+*( %13,+!*-

*5<84=gh<;C BV[<9; Xfi98:; ;b: ?5fi96:; >:; BV[<9; X<54?o=X98:; x ;9B49; >< 6'2,-,!*!" \_9XW694€"^G66:_n'cC ;9BX:64; 1, \>9455<94^ 4B:5<i94^ [f69X:;c^ ;9BX:64; B<=5:_fZ98:; \6$"<'$^

4X4i94^ ;:B:_oB894^ 354d=<e4 6=;8=_45^ <;?4;6:;^ !,%*$6$,*^ ;<>4gb:c^ !"3,$,1<^ 8:64^

-'+:13%["%^ ,+%6*>,3,!*!" *16'+;<,-*^ 6:5X<m _9XW694€H66:_n' 5<d=<5 >97_9;< x <'+,6'$,U*$ *

!"%,!$*6*/&' < 5<>=e95 4 >:;< ;< :; >:<BX<; <i9a<6 ;9B49; >< 9B3<gb:^ ;=>4gb: ?5:3=;4^

>9455<94 x 4X<Bgb: 4 9BX<54gh<; < (:<Bg4 >< $>>9;:Bx 6:B9X:59e45 >:<Bg4 X95:9><94 x 42 !"

-'+:13%["% -1,!*!' 

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C !'"+/* $"+*3 .$*:"^ !'"+/* -*$!,':*%-13*$ .$*:"^ ><;9>54X4gb: Z54[<^

><?_<gb: >< ;f>9:^ 4_<5Z94 4: _VX9:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

G+%10,-,?+-,* $"+*3_ +&' $"-'<"+!*!' B4 Z54[<m W B<35:Xfi98: < _9a<5X4>:

649:59X45946<BX< ?:5 [94 5<B4_

G+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-*C ;<6 9B>984gh<; <;?<8949;m <;X4a9_9e4>:5 >< ]=6:5 $"-'<"+!*!' 

V"$6l -*$!7*-*%_ +&' $"-'<"+!*!' <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45 Z54[<

,>:;:;C >:;< 649; a49i4; ?454 4X9BZ95 _96945 X<54?o=X98:m ?:><6 ;<5 649; ;<B;V[<9; 4:;

<3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C B<=5:X:i989>4><^ 9B8_=9B>: ><_959=6 < :=X54; 4_X<54gh<; >: <;X4>:

6<BX4_^ ?:><6 :8:55<5 4XW <6 >:;<; X<54?o=X984; B:; 9>:;:; < B:; >:<BX<; 8:6

>:<Bg4 :5ZpB984m >:;<; †t^M6)dn' ;b: Z<54_6<BX< 4><d=4>4; < 5<8:6<B>4>4; B:;

9>:;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a9_9e4>4 4XW 4:; "F 4B:;m

8594Bg4; X<B><6 4 X<5 649; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:; < 649; Z54[<;

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m 49B>4 4;;96 :; a<B<3V89:;

?:X<B8949; ?:><6 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><ecm 59;8: >< ><3<9X:; 3<X49; 8k ><

FjHi ;=?<59:5 • ?:?=_4gb: Z<54_^ 64; ?5:[4[<_6<BX< 6<B:5 d=< :=X5:; <;X4a9_9e4>:5<;

>< ]=6:5 \?k<k [4_?5:4X:cm <[9>oB894 ><3<9X:; 845>V48:; \<;?<894_6<BX< 4B:64_94 ><)a;X<9B "C"tttc <6 39_]:; >< 6b<; d=< X:64546 _VX9: >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><em

4>69B9;X54gb: >< _VX9: >=54BX< : ?45X: 4;;:894>: 4 ]9?:X:B94 >: 5<8W6jB4;89>:m X9X=_45

: 375648: B4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb:m ?454 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;^ _VX9: ><[< ;<5 Z<54_6<BX<

><;8:BX9B=4>: 4BX<; >< Z54[9><e<; ?5:Z5464>4;m ?454 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;^ >4>: : 59;8:

>< ><;8:6?<B;4gb: ?f;j?45X:^ : _VX9: ><[< ;<5 4>69B9;X54>: 96<>94X46<BX< 4?f; :

?45X:^ 64; 9;X: 96?_984 4 5<BrB894 >4 4646<BX4gb: x 4BX9?;98fX98:; ?45<8<6 ;<5

?5<3<5V[<9; 4: _VX9: < 4BX98:B[=_;9[:; B: X54X46<BX: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 B4 Z54[9><e

I<*<"+6*/&'_ S 1<* -'+6$*J,+!,-*/&' \X:i989>4>< >: _VX9: B<:B4X4_C ]9?:X:B94^

>9455<94 < [f69X:;c x 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 ?:><5<8:55<5 >=54BX< : ?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X:^ ?45X98=_456<BX< ;< ]7 ]i >< <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X:

Page 72: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 72/140

 

4BX<59:5 >< ><?5<;;b: := ?;98:;< x X4i4; >< 5<89>9[4 ?:><6 ;<5 6<B:5<; <6 6=_]<5<;

d=< 5<8<a<6 X54X46<BX: ?454 <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X: >< >:<BX<; a9?:_45<; x

4BX9?;98fX98:; 4XV?98:; < [4_?5:4X: ?45<8<6 ;<5 649; ;<Z=5:; d=< : _VX9: >=54BX< :

?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X: B4 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C <*+,* "10;$,-* x ><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX:^ 8:6: <;X54XWZ94>< '#6,<,U*/&' !" *+6,!"#$"%%,:' \$cx $"!1U ' $,%-' !" %1,-7!,' \a9?:_45<; X9?: ,^ ,, <

><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45c^ ?454;;=98V>9: < 6:5X< ?:5 X:>4; 4; 84=;4; <6 >:<BX<; 43<8X9[:;^ 4 _:BZ:j

?54e:x 3=B89:B4 a<6 <6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 4BX9?;98fX98:; 4XV?98:; <n:= <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >:

]=6:5 8:6: : [4_?5:4X:

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ,+7-,' !" */&' 3"+6'^ Bb: W ]4a9X=4_6<BX< 4 ?596<954 <;8:_]4 <6

6:B:X<54?94 \4?<B4; "nH >:; >:<BX<; 5<;?:B>< • 6:B:X<54?94c <6 >:<BX< 4Z9X4>:;^

?;98fX98:; B4 64B94 a9?:_45 \=;45 8:6: 4>`=BX: >< 4BX9?;98fX98:;^ ae>^ [4_?5:4X:c x64B94

>9;3f5984 x 64B94 69;X4^ 64B94 8:6 898_:; 57?9>:; \-c x 34;< ><?5<;;9[4 >< >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x

>:<BX<; d=< Bb: X:_<546 Z4B]: >< ?<;:^ ;<>4gb:^ <3<9X:; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49;^ <3<9X:; 5<B49; <:=X5:; x 5<d=<5 6:B9X:59e4gb: ;4BZ=VB<4 x 8:B;=6: >< ;=a;XpB894; x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9;Xf594 ><

67 4><;b: Y 5<9BV89: >< X<54?o=X984 4;;:894>: 4 6<B:5 5<;?:;X4

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_ x 64B94

TIAVRCIFC ><?4l9B<^ >9?_<i9_j0 \;<69j;f>98:n>9[4_?5:4X: >< ;f>9:c^ ><?4l9B< 8]5:B:

w [9>4C { 4 "M ]:54;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C >3'X1",' !" -*+*,% %;!,' %"+%7:",% m :'36*."<^ 4=6<BX: >4;

8:B8<BX54gh<; >< ^IhI ?:5 =6 6<84B9;6: ><;8:B]<89>:^ 5<>=e 9-,!' *$*X17!,-'^ ?5:6:[<

hOH@^ 9B9a< 4 4,%6'+* !"*-,%6*3*%" \d=969:X<57?98: <6 <;X=>:c

,B>984gh<;C <*+,* *.1!* " "#,%;!,'% <,%6'% 5Ib8 5" -,-3'% $9#,!'%8 5<'+'6"$*#,* +* <*+,*

3,.",$* * <'!"$*!*( -'<>,+*!' -'< *+6,#%,-;6,-' +* <*+,* .$*:"8  x 859;<; ?458949; 8:6?_<i4;

d=< :8:55<6 9;:_4>46<BX< := <6 4;;:894gb: x 859;<; >< 4=;oB894 ;96?_<; < 8:6?_<i4; x?5:39_4i94 >4 <Bi4d=<84 x 6$*6*<"+6' !" <*+16"+/&' !" !'"+6"% >,#'3*$"% 5h8 5%'>$"61!'

Page 73: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 73/140

 

#$":"+/&' !* $"-'$$?+-,* !" !"#$"%%&'8x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \QHc \<6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6

4BX9><?5<;;9[:;^ %,-)cx ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 B4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 ,, \-"^Kc x ?;98:;<^ <;d=9e:35<B94

\4>`=BX:c x B4 64B=X<Bgb: >:; 898_:; 57?9>:; X9?: ,, \(c x 64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4

<;d=9e:43<8X9[4 \(c

,BV89: >: <3<9X:C 4_Z=B; >94; B4 64B94 4Z=>4

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C #3*X1"6*% < 01+/&' 4"#96,-* \>=54BX< :; ?596<95:; 6<;<;

5<Z=_456<BX<^ ><?:9; " 4 Fi ?:5 4B:c^ ,#- \MnM 6<;<;^ 4X<Bgb: 4 4=6<BX:; ;=?<59:5<; 4 Guc^

_V?9>:; <6 >:<BX<; :a<;:;^ [4_?5:4XW694 \;<6 9B>984gb: X<6?:54_c^ ?:B><545 8:4Z=_4gb: ;<

895=5Z94 ?_4B<4>4 := ]i >< ]<6:554Z94;

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %"!*/&' \KnKc^ 6$"<'$ \,9* -6_ +&. +&(#9(.3 /4&/4,#&7&7 -LB^L)D -B^KM+ c^

X:BX=54;^ *6*2,*^ 4;X<B94^ 8<34_<94;^ ;9BX:64; 1, \>:5 4a>:69B4_^ +91%"*%^ [f69X:;^ >9455<94^

4B:5<i94^ :a;X9?4gb:^ >9;?<?;94c^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ *3'#S-,* \ /&1%& <,="91,73

)179"8"9,)"#,. H&4"9"%,+,. %&) C"#%& ( .(7*#"& /&+() ,c1+,4 , 4(+1C"4 , ,7&/*%",c^ ':9$,'%#'3,X17%6,-'% \bd%&#94&8(4.&3 4(7,%"&#,+& /4&8,8(7)(#9( %&) D,#<& +( /(.&3 &=(."+,+(3

(/"7(/.",c^ ]9?<54B>5:Z<B9;6:^ ]9?<59B;=_9B<694 < ><;5<Z=_4gb: _9?V>984 \b c^ :;X<:?:5:;< \b3

 /4(8(#"+& %&) 8"9,)"#, O -LLLM+ ( %I7%"& WLLB:LLLM+ c^ 6$'<>'-,6'#S+,*̂ _<=8:?WB94^

4"#*6'6'2,-,!*!"  \4,4&c^ #*+-$"*6,6" \4,4&c^ X<54X:ZWB98: \(8"9,4 () )17<(4(. () "+,+( H*49"7 c^

?;98:;< \4,4&c^ "+-"0*3'#*6,* \_<BX93984gb:^ ]9?<546:BW694^ [f69X:; 8V8_98:;^ _<X45Z94^ 6:5X<c

/:564C i45:?< \Kt6Zn6'c^ ;:_ :54_ \Ftt6Zn6'c^ Z54B=_4>: >< _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4^ 87?;=_4

>< _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4^ 8?^ 8? >< _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4 \><?4l9B< 8]5:B: } Z<BW598:c

*:;:_:Z94C _9a<5X4gb: ?5:_:BZ4>: 4?<B4; " 4>69B9;X54gb: \X46aW6 W 6<_]:5 X:_<54>4^

5<>=e9B>: <3<9X:; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49;^ ;<>4gb: < ?5:[4[<_6<BX< 4_:?W894` >,'!,%#'+,>,3,!*!" !*

3,>"$6*/&' #$'3'+.*!* S uoz -'<#*$*!' -'< 3,>"$6*/&' ,<"!,*6*c^ <Bd=4BX: d=< ;<69j;f>9:

\6<_]:54 4 X:_<54a9_9>4>< Z4;X5:j9BX<;X9B4_ 8:6?454>4 8:6 Z<BW598:c < :=X54; Fin> \4 3:564

8:6 d=< ?4;;4 4 a455<94 ]<64X:j<B8<37_984 W : 78k[4_?5f98:c

#4B94 4Z=>4j "Ftt 4 "Gtt6Zn>m 8:6<g45 8:6 "ttt6Zn>^ 4=6<BX45 >:;<

54?9>46<BX<^ 4XW 67i96: >< Mt6ZnlZn>

#4B94 \6<B:;c 4Z=>4 Y 8:6<g45 8:6 FGt 4 Gtt6Zn>^ ><?:9; X9X=_45

)?9_<?;94 Y 9B98945 "t 4 "G6ZnlZn>^ 4=6<BX45 G 4 "t6ZnlZn>^ 67i96: Mt6ZnlZn>

-<34_<94; Y Gtt 4 "ttt 6Zn>

.[<5>:;<C 34X4_9>4><; 3:546 5<?:5X4>4;m 8:64^ 9Bd=9<X4gb:^ 4_=89B4gh<;^ ;<>4gb:^ a_:d=<9:

8:B>=gb: 845>V484

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb:^ " 6o;m =64 57?9>4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: ?:>< >45 8:B[=_;h<; :=

><;8:6?<B;4gb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4gb: 8:6?_<i4C Gtu ?:5 Z_=8:5:B9>4gb:^ Ktu :i9>4gb: 69X:8:B>594_^

"tu -z*F-{ < F-"{c

Page 74: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 74/140

 

$BX9><?5<;;9[:; X598V8_98:;}[4_?5:4X: \>969B=<6 : _96945 8:B[=_;9[: < ?:><6

4BX4Z:B9e45 : <3<9X: 4BX98:B[=_;9[: >: [4_?5:4X: Y X598V8_98:; ?:><6 ;<5 4=6<BX4>:;

<6 "{u ?<_: [4_?5:4X:c

h"6*J3*-6q<,-'%Q:*3#$'*6'  \6<5:?<B<6: 54?9>46<BX< >969B=9 :; BV[<9; >< [4_?5:4X:

?454 BV[<9; ;=ajX<54?o=X98:; < 6<;6: 4=6<BX4B>: 4 >:;< >< [4_?5:4X: :; BV[<9;?_4;67X98:; ?:><6 Bb: [:_X45 4: B:564_c

N*$>*<*U"#,+*Q:*3#$'*6'  \5<>=e95 BV[<9; >< [4_?5:4X:c

A*<'6$,.,+*Q:*3#$'*6'  \5<>=e95 _46:X59Z9B4 <6 Gtu^ _46:X59Z9B4 Z<54_6<BX< Bb:

43<8X4 ;9ZB93984X9[46<BX< :; BV[<9; >< [4_?5:4X:^ 64; ?:>< ?:X<B8945 4 <B8<34_:?4X94

]9?<546:BW6984 >: [4_?5:4X:m [4_?5:4X: ?:>< >=?_9845 :; BV[<9; >< _46:X59Z9B4

4=6<BX4B>: 4 ?5:a4a9_9>4>< >< 54;]c

I%#,$,+*Q:*3#$'*6'  \4_X4 _9Z4gb: •; ?5:X<VB4;^ 4=6<BX4 4 3548gb: _9[5< >< [4_?5:4X:k

#:B9X:59e45 ;9B49; >< X:i989>4>< >: [4_?5:4X: Y4X4i94^ B9;X4Z6:^ X5<6:5^ X:BX=54;j <

4`=;X45 4 >:;< ;< B<8<;;759:c

T*$0*$,+*Q:*3#$'*6'  \_9Z4gb: •; ?5:X<VB4; ?_4;67X984;^ 84;: 5<?:5X4>: >< ,%0

54?9>46<BX< 4=6<BX4>: ?454 H^{ 4?f; >:;< rB984 >< [4_?5:4X: Y 6:B9X:59e4gb:c

*5<84=gh<;C <;X45 4_<5X4 4:; ;9B49; >< ]<?4X:X:i989>4><C 64_j<;X45^ 354d=<e4^ _<X45Z94^ <><64

34894_^ 4B:5<i94^ [f69X:;^ 98X<5V894 x <;X45 4_<5X4 4:; ;9B49; >< ?4B85<4X9X<C >:5 4a>:69B4_^

B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ 4B:5<i94 x X<54X:Z<B989>4><^ B:6<4>46<BX< ><3<9X:; >: X=a: B<=54_^

><3<9X:; 8:ZB9X9[:; x ;:B:_oB894 ?:>< ;<5 649; 8:6=6 B:; 9>:;:; < ?:>< <;X45 4;;:894>4 4

><;9>54X4gb:^ 5<>=gb: >: 4?:5X< B=X5989:B4_^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;:^ 5<d=<5<B>: >:;<; 6<B:5<; :=X9X=_4gb: 649; _<BX4 x =;: <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 X5:6a:89X:?WB94 Bb: W 5<8:6<B>4>:^ :; >:<BX<;

><[<6 5<?:5X45 <d=96:;<; 378<9; < ]<6:554Z94; x 4[4_945 >:<Bg4; a9:d=V6984; >: 898_: >4

=5<94^ 8:6: X54B;845a469_;4;< :5B9X9B4^ d=< ;< ?:><6 4;;:8945 4 "+-"0*3'#*6,* Bb: <i?_984>4

\_<BX93984gb:^ ]9?<546:BW694^ [f69X:; 8V8_98:;^ _<X45Z94^ 6:5X<c

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C #*+-$"*6,6" W !'"+/* 4"#96,-* .$*:" x !'"+/* !' -,-3' !* 1$",* 

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

G+%10,-,?+-,* 4"#96,-*_ -'+6$*J,+!,-*!'

*<5Xk 845>V484;C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,>:;:;C 5<>=e95 4 >:;< 9B9894_ < X9X=_45 _<BX46<BX<^ >:;< W Z<54_6<BX< 6<B:5 d=< B:;

4>=_X:; ;4=>7[<9;m ;<>4gb: ?:>< ;<5 649; 8:6=6 < 4;;:894>4 4 ><;9>54X4gb:^ 5<>=gb:

>: 4?:5X< B=X5989:B4_^ ?<5>4 >< ?<;:

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: †"t 4B:;

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m 49B>4 4;;96 :; a<B<3V89:;?:X<B8949; ?:><6 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><em =;: >=54BX< : "~ X596<;X5<

Page 75: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 75/140

 

?:>< 4=6<BX45 : 59;8: >< ><3<9X:; >: X=a: B<=54_ \?<k <;?9B]4 aV39>4c := :=X54;

4B:64_94; 8:BZWB9X4;m =;: <6 6=_]<5<; <6 9>4>< 3W5X9_ 5<d=<5 4[4_945 :; a<B<3V89:;

?454 4 6b< < :; 59;8:; ?454 : 3<X:m ;< : 375648: 3:5 8:BX9B=4>:^ >45 >:;<; 67i964; ><

"ttt6Zn> < 6:B9X:59e45 ?45p6<X5:; >4 8:4Z=_4gb: < 4[4_945 ><3<9X:; 3<X49;m ;< :

375648: 3:5 8:BX9B=4>:^ !*$ 0'3*6' "6Zn> \L<.\! #4=>;_<yc ?5<8:8<6<BX< B4

Z54[9><e ?454 5<>=e95 :; ><3<9X:; B: X=a: B<=54_m ;< 8:BX9B=4>: : 375648:^ 8:B;9><545

[9X469B4 ˆ >=54BX< 4; r_X964; M ;<64B4; >< Z54[9><e ?454 5<>=e95 : 59;8: ><

]<6:554Z94m X9X=_45 ;< ><;8:BX9B=4gb: Y 8:B[=_;h<;^ 6<;6: 69B:5^ ?:><6 _<;9:B45 :

3<X:m ?454 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;^ : [4_?5:4X: ><[< ;<5 Z<54_6<BX< ><;8:BX9B=4>: 4BX<; ><

Z54[9><e<; ?5:Z5464>4;m ?454 >:<BX<; a9?:_45<;^ >4>: : 59;8: >< ><;8:6?<B;4gb:

?f;j?45X:^ <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >< ]=6:5 \9B8_=9B>: : [4_?5:4X:c ><[<6 ;<5 4>69B9;X54>:

96<>94X46<BX< 4?f; : ?45X: x 4BX9?;98fX98:; ?45<8<6 ;<5 ?5<3<5V[<9; 4: _VX9: <

4BX98:B[=_;9[:; B: X54X46<BX: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 B4 Z54[9><e

$646<BX4gb:C %".1$' +* *<*<"+6*/&' x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 ?:>< 5<8:55<5 >=54BX< :

?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X:^ ?45X98=_456<BX< ;< ]7 ]i >< <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X: 4BX<59:5 ><

><?5<;;b: := ?;98:;< x X4i4; >< 5<89>9[4 ?:><6 ;<5 6<B:5<; <6 6=_]<5<; d=<

5<8<a<6 X54X46<BX: ?454 <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X: >< >:<BX<; a9?:_45<; x 4BX9?;98fX98:;

4XV?98:; < [4_?5:4X: ?45<8<6 ;<5 649; ;<Z=5:; d=< : _VX9: >=54BX< : ?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X:

B4 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 34;< 64BV484 >4 (Q \X54X4 6<_]:5 < ?5<[9B< 6<_]:5 <?9;f>9:; 64BV48:;

d=< ><?5<;;9[:;cx 3=B89:B4 a<6 <6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 _VX9: <n:= 4BX9?;98fX98:; 4XV?98:; x

>:<BX< 8=`4 6:B9X:59e4gb: X<54?o=X984 ;<`4 ><;<`7[<_ x "q _9B]4 ?454 <;X4>:; 69;X:; := 898_:;

57?9>:; \-c \64; ]4a9X=4_6<BX< 4 4;;:894gb: 8:6 _VX9: W B<8<;;7594c x =X9_9e4>: ?454 X54X45

4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ 4Z9X4gb: < 96?=_;9[9>4>< <6 [7594; ?4X:_:Z94;

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 34;< ><?5<;;9[4 >4 (Q x >:<BX<; 9B84?4e<; >< X:_<545 ;<>4gb: <

Z4B]: >< ?<;: x 6r_X9?_4; 9BX<54gh<; 345648:_fZ984; x 6r_X9?_:; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:; x Z57[9>4;^

6=_]<5<; <6 9>4>< 3W5X9_

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_^ 9B89>oB894 >< 8<34_<94;^ 9B89>oB894 >< 859;<; ?458949; 8:6?_<i4;

NIRhIaIeEVGHI  X<Z5<X:_^ X<Z5<X:_ 85

Page 76: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 76/140

 

w [9>4C "Fj"I ]^ B4 _9a<5X4gb: 6:>93984>4 HG 4 Kt]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: < 9BX<54gb: 8:6 :; -*+*,% !" %;!,' !"#"+!"+6"% !* :'36*."<^

9B9a< 4 _9a<5X4gb: >< .316*<*6'^ <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; _9Z<95:;

,B>984gh<;C 859;<; ?458949; 8:6 ;9BX:64X:_:Z94 8:6?_<i4 x Z54B> 64_ x ?4>5b: 69;X: ><

8:B[=_;h<; x >:5 B<=5:?7X984 4;;:894>4 4 B<[54_Z94 >: X59ZW69: x 34;< 64BV484 < 69;X4 \< 898_:;

57?9>:;c \Z5Fc x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 x <*+16"+/&' +* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ 5#$":"+/&' !* $"-'$$?+-,*

!" <*+,*8 5h8 x 64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4 <;d=9e:43<8X9[4 \-c x ?;98:;<^ <;d=9e:35<B94 \4>`=BX:c x

<*+16"+*/&' !* !'"+/* !"#$"%%,:* <*P'$ \-c

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]<6:Z5464 < ?_4d=<X4;^ 3=Bgb: ]<?7X984^ 5<B4_ <

X95:9><94m ,#- \84>4 M 6<;<;c x ]<6:Z5464 " 4 Fin6o; >=54BX< F 6<;<;^ ><?:9; 84>4 H 4 M

6<;<; >=54BX< : X54X46<BX:m 5<;X4BX<; 84>4 M 4 "F 6<;<;m 8:B;9><545 : 9:B:Z5464 ?:5

]9?:B4X5W694

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %"!*/&' \KnKc^ X:BX=54;^ 8:B3=;b:^ 34>9Z4^ *6*2,*^ :,%&' 61$:*^ !,#3'#,*^8<34_<94;^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ >9455<94^ ^ 3"1-'#S+,* " 6$'<>'-,6'#S+,* >"+,.+*% \94,#."904",3

4(8(49( %&) 4(+152& +( +&.(3 ,9* :L_c^ $*%4^ *.$*+13'-,6'%"^ *+"<,* *#39%,-* \4,4,3

<()&44,D", &1 (J1")&.(. /&1%& <,="91,".3 D(#D"8"9(3 "#H(5e(.3 H(=4(3 &+"#&H,D",c^ %7+!$'<" !" 

=6":"+% •'4+%'+^ ?5:a_<64; 845>V48:; \4,4&c^ #%,-'%" := 64B94 \4,4&c^ =GIOM 8:6

]9?:B4X5W694^ 4=6<BX: >4 35<d=oB894 >< 8:B[=_;h<; \<6 >:<BX<; 8:6 <?9_?;94 >< 4=;oB894

4XV?984c^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^ 4_:?W894^ X<54X:Z<B94^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3 \4(+152& +, 7"="+&3

+")"#1"52& +, (K%"9,52&c^ 4=6<BX: >4; X54B;469B4;<;^ 9B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984^ ?4B85<4X9X<^

><?5<;;b: \4,4&c

/:564C i45:?<^ 8?^ 8? _9a ?5:_:BZ4>4 \6<_]:5 <3987894 < X:_<54a9_9>4><c 8? Ftt6Z^ Ktt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

(:<Bg4 a9?:_45 < <?9_<?;94C Kttj"Ftt6Zn> Y 8:6<g45 8:6 Ftt6Z Fin> < 84>4 ;<64B4

4=6<BX45 Ftt6Zn> <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;

#4B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 ><?5<;;9[4 6*P'$C Jttj"Ftt6Zn> \4_Z==B; >:<BX<; 4XW

"Mtt6Zn>c

%<[54_Z94 >: X59ZW69:C "tt6Z Fin>^ 4=6<BX45 Ftt6Zn> <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;

Page 77: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 77/140

 

D:645 8:6 4 8:69>4 ?454 <[9X45 <3<9X:; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49;m _9a<5X4gb: ?5:_:BZ4>4 5<>=e ;<>4gb:m

59;8: 69B969e4>: >< 96?48X: 6<>=_45 ;< 4 X9X=_4gb: 3:5 _<BX4m ?:>< B<8<;;9X45 >< 4=6<BX: ><

>:;< ?:5d=< : 375648: 9B>=e : ;<= ?5f?59: 6<X4a:_9;6:

.[<5>:;<C ?:>< ;<5 34X4_ \H^FZ B: 4>=_X:cm B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ 6:[96<BX:; 9B[:_=BX759:;^ ?=_;:

955<Z=_45^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594^ >9;?B<94^ ;<>4gb:^ 8:64

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb:m 4 Xk 57?9>4 ?:>< 9B>=e95 ><;8:6?<B;4gb: >4 >:<Bg4

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4>: < ,+!16'$ ?:X<BX< -z*H$Kc

I+6,#%,-;6,-'%QN*$>*<*U"#,+*   \4BX4Z:B9;6: >< <3<9X: B: _96945 8:B[=_;9[: <

345648:89BWX98: 8:6: 9B>=X:5 <Be967X98:C 4;<B4?9B4^ -3'U*#,+* \59;8: ><

4Z54B=_:89X:;<c^ ]4_:?<59>:_^ :_4Be4?9B4^d=<X94?9B4^?4_9?<59>:B4^e:X<?9B4^e9?54;9>:B4

I+6*.'+,%6*% N*KQQN*$>*<*U"#,+* \4d=<_<; 9B9a<6 -z*H$K^ 59;8: >< X:i989>4>< >:

4BX98:B[=_;9[4BX<c

-:5X98f9><;}845a464e<?9B4 \4d=<_<; 9B9a<6 -z*H$K < 4=6 BV[<9; >< 845a464e<?9B4c

Q_:d SF}845a464e<?9B4

,;:B94e9>4}845a464e<?9B4

N'+6$*-"#6,:'% '$*,%Q-*$>*<*U"#,+*

/<B9X:VB4}845a464e<?9B4

,Q*\:6<?54e:_c}845a464e<?9B4

E4_?5:4X:}845a464e<?9B4 \[4_?5:4X: ?45<8< 9B9a95 [7594; [94; 6<X4af_984; >4

845a464e<?9B4^ 4=6 : BV[<_ ><;X4k *:5 :=X5: _4>:^ 4 845a464e<?9B4 9B>=e :

6<X4a:_9;6: >: [4_?5:4X:^ 5<>=e9B>: :; BV[<9; ?_4;67X98:; <6 Ftu j B: <BX4BX: Bb:

;b: B<8<;;759:; 4`=;X46<BX:; >< >:;<^ 6:B9X:59e45 8_9B9846<BX<c

E4539B4}845a464e<?9B4 \: 6<X4a:_9;6: >4 [4539B4 W 48<_<54>: ?<_4 845a464e<?9B4^

;<B>: B<8<;;759: >=?_9845 4; >:;<; >4d=<_4 Y 6:B9X:59e45 35<d=<BX<6<BX<^ 5<>=e95

8=9>4>:;46<BX< ;< 845a464e<?9B4 3:5 ><;8:BX9B=4>4c

I+6,J$"6$':,$*,% 56'!*% *% -3*%%"%8Q-*$>*<*U"#,+*

Šk Qe>^ 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; \5<>=gb: _96945 8:B[=_;9[:c^ 9$-]^ 6<X4>:B4^ X95:i9B4^ X<:39_9B4^

<59X5:6989B4

*5<84=gh<;C 6:B9X:59e4gb: >< ]<6:554Z94 := <d=96:;<; ?:=8: ]4a9X=49;^ Z<BZ9[9X<^ 9B3<gh<;^

3<a5<^ :>9B:34Z94 ?:5d=< : 59;8: >< 4B<694 4?_7;984 < 4Z54B=_:89X:;< W GjJi 649:5 d=< B4

?:?=_4gb: Z<54_ x Bb: ;< ><[< X:645 8:6 9#$. \845a464e<?9B4 W <;X5=X=54_6<BX<

;<6<_]4BX< 4 =6 X598V8_98:cx ?:>< <i48<5a45 Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_:j3<8]4>: x ?:>< 5<>=e95 4

<3987894 >< 8:BX548<?X9[:; :549; x ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 : 4?:5X< >< 7Z=4 ?:5 59;8: ><

+,S$(

Page 78: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 78/140

 

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 9#$. x ]i >< ;=?5<;;b: 6<>=_45 x ;< 4_<5Z94 4 X598V8_98: :=

845a464e<?9B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<^ ?:5d=< <i85<gb: W 5<B4_

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4^ 84;:; 545:; >< 9B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984

:8:55<546

*<5Xk 845>V484;C =;45 8:6 84=X<_4

,>:;:;C 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6 X:_<545 >:;<; 6<B:5<;^ 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:;

4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 4?5:[4>: ?454 <?9_<?;94

154[9><eC -*6".'$,* O \<[9>oB894 ?:;9X9[4 >< _<;b: 3<X4_m 49B>4 4;;96 :; a<B<3V89:;

?:X<B8949; ?:><6 `=;X939845 : ;<= =;: >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><em =;: >=54BX< : "~ X596<;X5<

?:>< 4=6<BX45 : 59;8: >< ><3<9X:; >: X=a: B<=54_ \?<k <;?9B]4 aV39>4c := :=X54;

4B:64_94; 8:BZWB9X4;m \[9>< [4_?5:4X:cm : =;: B: H~ X596<;X5< ?:>< B<8<;;9X45 ><

[9X469B4 ˆ

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 ?:>< 5<8:55<5

>=54BX< : ?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X:^ ?45X98=_456<BX< ;< ]7 ]i >< <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X: 4BX<59:5

>< ><?5<;;b: := ?;98:;< x X4i4; >< 5<89>9[4 ?:><6 ;<5 6<B:5<; <6 6=_]<5<; d=<

5<8<a<6 X54X46<BX: ?454 <?9;f>9:; ?f;j?45X: >< >:<BX<; a9?:_45<; x 4BX9?;98fX98:;

4XV?98:; < [4_?5:4X: ?45<8<6 ;<5 649; ;<Z=5:; d=< : _VX9: >=54BX< : ?<5V:>: ?f;j?45X:

B4 4646<BX4gb:

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C X54X46<BX: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: < >:<Bg4;

?;98fX984;

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: X:_<54BX<; 4 6:B9X:59e4gb: 4B4_VX984 x d=< Bb: X:_<546 ;<>4gb:

x Z57[9>4; x W =6 <;X4a9_9e4>:5 >< ]=6:5 >< Fq _9B]4 x Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: <6 8:6a9B4gb:

Page 79: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 79/140

 

AIaCFRG^GHI  _4698X4_

w [9>4C HH] \8:6 [4_?5:4X: 4=6<BX4 ?454 G{]c

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C >3'X1",' !'% -*+*,% !" %;!,' %"+%7:",% m :'36*."<^ 9B9a< 4 _9a<5X4gb: ><

.316*<*6' \<;X4 4gb: W rB984 B:; <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >< ]=6:5c < 4;?45X4X:

,B>984gh<;C 6$*6*<"+6' !" <*+16"+/&' !' Oh 6,#' G 5#$":"+/&' !* $"-'$$?+-,* !" <*+,* "

!"#$"%%&' 5I8 n %'>$"61!' !* !"#$"%%&'^ 64; 649; <3984e d=< ?_48<a: B4 ?5<[<Bgb: ><

64B94cx 859;<; ?458949; x 8:B[=_;h<; Z<B<54_9e4>4; >: ;VB>5:6< '<BB:ij14;X4=X x !"#$"%%&'

>,#'3*$ \"< <'+'6"$*#,* 5hg8 Y ;:a5<X=>: ?454 >:<BX<; 8:6 S$(+€FK j := 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6

_VX9: \QHc x X54X46<BX: >< 64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 X9?: ,, \?5<[<Bgb: >4 ><?5<;;b:^ d=<

W 649; 35<d=<BX< B<;X< ;=aX9?:c < B4 64B=X<Bgb: >:; 898_:; 57?9>:; X9?: ,, \-c x 64B94 a9?:_45

\)|Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>4c \4>`=BX: := Fq _9B]4c x ?;98:;<^ "%X1,U'0$"+,* 5*!P1+6' +* $"%,%6?+-,* m

-3'U*#,+*8 x >:5 85fB984nB<=5:?7X984 x ?<5X ><?5<;;9[4 64`:5 \4>`=BX:c x *+*D \QHc

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C 8]<8l =? 4B=4_^ Bb: W B<8<;;759: X<;X<; >< 6:B9X:59e4gb:

<;?<8949;^ 4[4_94gh<; :3X4_6:_fZ984;s

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C $*%4 >"+,.+' \Gj:L_3 ),"&4", &%&44( #&. /4")("4&. ^ )(.(.3 /"%& () +",.3

),#9*)B.( +14,#9( :L , :> +3 4,.< 9"/& .,4,)/&3 * 7&%,7"C,+&3 #2& %&#H71(#9(3 #2& +&7&4&.&

!9(#+(4@3 .() %,4,%9(4$.9"%,. .".9*)"%,.3 ,#I7".(. .() ,79(4,5e(. Y 4(+1C"4 , +&.( &1 /,4,4 &

,1)(#9&3 ,8".,4 & +&(#9(3 ,#9"<".9,)$#"%&. &1 %&49"%0"+(. 90/"%&.3 )&#"9&4"C,4 ,9(#9,)(#9(c^

;<>4gb: \"nKc^ [9;b: X=5[4 := >=?_4^ X:BX=54;^ 4X4i94^ 8<34_<94;^ X5<6:5^ 9B;fB94^ 4X4i94^ 34>9Z4^

;9BX:64; 1, \B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ >9;?<?;94^ >:5 4a>:69B4_^ :a;X9?4gb:c^ 59B9X<m $*%4 .$*:" 

…\.$#+4&)( +( <"/(4.(#."="7"+,+(3 "#$%&'() %) +,)-)$" .'/$"'$ 3 #(%407".( (/"+*4)"%, 90K"%,3"#%"+?#%", L3^_3 #& 9&9,73 L3:_ /,4, & RRf; &%&44() +14,#9( &. /4")("4&. ^ )(.(.3 %&#H71(#9( (

+"..()"#,+&3 /14/g4"%&3 8(."%17,43 +(.%,),9"8&3 &1 9(#+(43 (#8&78")(#9& #& /(.%&5& &1 94&#%&3

7(.e(. +,. )1%&.,. !&7<&.3 7I="&.3 =&%,@3 (+(), H,%",73 H(=4(3 ),7B(.9,43 H,4"#D"9(3 ,#&4(K",3

7"#H,+(#&/,9",3 7(1%&/*#",3 94&)=&%"9&/*#",3 ,#I7".(. %&) ,79(4,5e(. H1#52& <(/I9"%, ( 4(#,7;

94,9,)(#9&A /,4,4 7,)&94"D"#,3 )&#"9&4"C,4 & (#8&78")(#9& &4Dh#"%&3 /&#+(4,4 <&./"9,7"C,52&3

)&#"9&4"C,52& ,/(49,+,cm >9;854;94; ;4BZ=VB<4; \4,4&c^ 5<>=e BV[<9; >< 3:_4X:^ Z4B]: >< ?<;:

\"nKc^ 3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4><^ ?;98:;< \4,4&c

…>:;< ><?<B><BX< \B<8<;;759: X9X=_4gb:c

/:564C 8?^ 8? >9;?<5;V[<_^ F^Gm FG^ Gt^ "tt^ Ftt6Z

Page 80: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 80/140

 

*:;:_:Z94C

(:<Bg4 a9?:_45 <6 6:B:X<54?94 Y "ttjFtt6Zn> n -'<"/*$ -'< KL<.\! 5%"<*+*% b "

K8( *1<"+6*$ #*$* Lo<.\! 5%"<*+*% g " ]8( *1<"+6*$ #*$* boo<.\! 5%"<*+* L8 ^

4=6<BX45 ?454 Ftt6Zn> \;<64B4 Mc

(:<Bg4 a9?:_45 <6 X<54?o=X984 8:6 [4_?5:4X: Y 4XW "tt6Zn> Y -'<"/*$ -'< KL<.\!

"< !,*% *36"$+*!'% \;<64B4; " < Fc^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 FG6Zn> \;<64B4; H < Kc^

4=6<BX45 ?454 Gt6Zn> \;<64B4 Gc^ 4=6<BX45 ?454 "tt6Zn> \;<64B4 Mc

)?9_<?;94 Y HttjGtt6Zn>

$ X9X=_4gb: _<BX4 5<>=e 4 9B89>oB894 >< 54;]m ;< >:<BX< ?754 >< X:645 _46:X59Z9B4 G >94; :=

649;^ W B<8<;;759: B:[4 X9X=_4gb: ?:5d=< $*%4"% "%6&' *%%'-,*!'% * $"J"2#'%,/&'m 4[9;45 :;

>:<BX<; ?454 Bb: 9B98945<6 B:[4; 6<>984gh<;^ 8:69>4; := ?5:>=X:; >=54BX< :; ?596<95:; H

6<;<; ?454 >969B=95 4 ?5:a4a99>4>< >< 54;] Bb: 5<_489:B4>:m >:<BX<; Bb: ><[<6 8:6<g45

_46:X59Z9B4 B4; F ?596<954; 4?f; 9B3<gb: [954_^ 54;] := [489B4gb:m ;< [4_?5:4X: 3:5

><;8:BX9B=4>: 4?f; <;X4a9_9e4gb: >< >:;< >< _46:X59Z9B4^ <;X4 ><[< ;<5 4=6<BX4>4 <6 ?<_:

6<B:; F ;<64B4; <6 4=6<BX:; <d=9[4_<BX<; • 5<>=gb: >< [4_?5:4X:m 4`=;X46<BX:; >4 >:;<

>< 64B=X<Bgb: >4 _46:X59Z9B4 <6 >:<BX<; 4 X:645^ 8:6<g45 := ?4545 8:BX548<?X9[:; :549;^

Z54[9><e := ?45X:

.[<5>:;<C 34X4_9>4><; 5<?:5X4>4;m 4X4i94^ B9;X4Z6:^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ 8:64^ 4X54;: >< 8:B>=gb:

845>V484

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C <6 F ;<64B4; ?:5 59;8: >< ><;8:6?<B;4gb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45^ :; ;9BX:64;

>< ><;8:BX9B=4gb: ;b: 9B8:6=B;

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4>: ;:a5<X=>: ?:5 Z_=8:5:B9>4gb:^ ;<6 <3<9X: B:; -z*;c

A'#,+*:,$\$,6'+*:,$Q3*<'6$,.,+*  \5<>=e BV[<9; >< _46:X59Z9B4 <6 GGu j >=?_9845 4 >:;<k

6<84B9;6: W 4 9B>=gb: >4 Z_=8:5:B9>4gb:kc

N'+6$*-"#6,:'% '$*,%Q3*<'6$,.,+* \5<>=e 4 <3987894 >:; 8:BX548<?X9[:; :549; \-.c <

<;X<; ?:><6 5<>=e95 :; BV[<9; >< _46:X59Z9B4 Y 5<8:6<B>4gh<;C ;< 6=_]<5 <6 -.^

<;84_45 4 >:;< >< _46:X59Z9B4 8:6: ]4a9X=4_6<BX<m ;< <6 _46:X59Z9B4 8:6<g45<6 -.^

>:;< >< _46:X59Z9B4 ><[< ;<5 >:a54>4m ;< ;< ?4545<6 -.^ :; BV[<9; >< _46:X59Z9B4

?:><6 >=?_9845^ 4;;96 ><[<j;< 5<>=e95 4; >:;<; >< _46:X59Z9B4 4 6<X4><k %=6 <;X=>:

8:BX5:_4>:^ 4?<B4; :; <;X5:ZWB<:; ?45<8<6 9BX<54Z95c

T*3#$'*6'Q3*<'6$,.,+*  \4d=<_< 9B9a< 4 Z_=8:59B9>4gb:^ >=?_984B>: :; BV[<9;

?_4;67X98:; >< _46:X59Z9B4^ 5<>=e9B>: 4 ;=4 8_<454B8< < 4=6 4 w [9>4 >4 _46:X59Z9B4

>< F{ ] ?454 G{ ]:54; Y 4;;96^ ><[<j;< 8:6<g45 _46:X59Z9B4 8:6 6<X4>< >4 >:;<

*5<84=gh<;C 54;] 34X49; 3:546 ><;859X:;^ _46:X59Z9B4 ><[< ;<5 ><;8:BX9B=4>4 4:; ?596<95:;

;9B49; >< 54;] Z54[<m : 59;8: >< 54;] W 649:5 8:6 >:;<; 649; 4_X4;^ X9X=_4gb: 57?9>4^ =;:

8:B8:69X4BX< 8:6 [4_?5:4X: := 8594Bg4; †"F 4B:; < <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i >< 54;] ?5W[9: 4

:=X5:; <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >< ]=6:5^ 4=6<BX4B>: : 59;8: Him >:<BX<; ><[<6 ;<5 9B;X5=V>:; 45<?:5X45 d=4_d=<5 ;9BX:64 >< ]9?<5;;<B;9a9_9>4>< 96<>94X4 \3<a5<^ ;9BX:64; X9?: Z59?49;^ 54;]^

Page 81: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 81/140

 

[<;V8=_4; B4 ?<_< := :_]:^ a:84^ :5<_]4;^ B459e < 75<4; Z<B9X49;^ <><64 >4; ?7_?<a54;^

8:B`=X9[9X<^ _9B34><B:?4X94cm <3<9X:; ><?5<;;:5<; 8:6 :=X5:; 375648:;m 4[4_94gb: :3X4_6:_fZ984

4 _:BZ: ?54e: \_46:X59Z9B4 _9Z4j;< • 6<_4B9B4c

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 4_<5Z94 • _46:X59Z9B4 4?<B4;

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C <i85<gb: W 5<B4_^ ?:5 9;;: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<m ?:><

;<5 5<6:[9>: ?:5 ]<6:>97_9;<^ >:<BX<; d=< 5<8<a<6 ]<6:>97_9;< ?:><6 5<d=<5<5

>:;<; ;=?_<6<BX45<; >< _46:X59Z9B4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C >:;< ?:>< X<5 >< ;<5 5<>=e9>4 < 4 X9X=_4gb: ?:>< ;<5 649; _<BX4^

8<584 >< Gtu 8:6 9B;=3k 6:><54>4 < IGu 8:6 9B;=3k Z54[<

*<5Xk 845>V484;C <i?<59oB894 W _969X4>4^ ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4

,>:;:;C 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6 X:_<545 >:;<; 6<B:5<;^ 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:;

4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C Bb: 4?5:[4>: †"M 4B:; ?454 :=X54; =X9_9e4gh<; d=< Bb:

<?9_<?;94 \59;8: >< 54;] W 649:5c

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \<;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm 4;;:894>: 4 4=6<BX: ;=a;X4B894_ >: 59;8: >< 3<B>4 ?4_4X9B4m

=;: <6 6=_]<5<; >< 9>4>< 3W5X9_ 5<d=<5 4[4_94gb: >:; 59;8:;na<B<3V89:; x ;< :

X54X46<BX: W 8:BX9B=4>:^ 4; 8:B8<BX54gh<; >< _46:X59Z9B4 ?:><6 ;<5 5<>=e9>4;

>=54BX< 4 Z54[9><em X9X=_45 B4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: x B4; >:<BX<; a9?:_45<; 4 _46:X59Z9B4

><[< ;<5 Z<54_6<BX< ><;8:BX9B=4>4 4BX<; >< Z54[9><e<; ?_4B<4>4; x ><[< ;<5

5<8:6<g4>4 96<>94X46<BX< 4?f; : ?45X: x 6<_]:5 d=< [4_?5:4X: 64; ?9:5 d=<

4BX9?;98fX98:; 4XV?98:; >=54BX< 4 Z54[9><e x Bb: ><[< ;;<5 ?5<;859X4 >< 3:564 5:X9B<954

B4 Z54[9><e \%,-)c

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 0*%"% !"#$"%%,:*% !* Oh x #$":"+/&' !" $"-'$$?+-,*% !" <*+,* "

!"#$"%%&' +* Oh x X54X46<BX: >< 64B=X<Bgb: B4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 X9?: ,, \?5<[<Bgb: >4

><?5<;;b:^ d=< W 649; 35<d=<BX< B<;X< ;=aX9?:c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ?:>< Bb: ;<5 Xb: <3984e B4 34;< 64BV484 >4 (Q x ,+7-,' !" *-/&'

3"+6' 

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 9B89>oB894 >< 8:B[=_;h<;^ ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_ <;?<894_6<BX< ><?5<;;b:^ B4 >:<Bg4

a9?:_45m >:5

Page 82: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 82/140

Page 83: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 83/140

 

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_4gb: B<8<;;7594 ?454 5<>=e95 ><;8:6?<B;4gh<; a9?:_45<; < 8:B[=_;h<;^

64; ;9BX:64; >< ><;8:BX9B=4gb: Bb: B<8<;;759:;

,BX<54gh<;C

-:BX548<?X9[:; :549;}X:?95464X:

*5<84=gh<;C ;< ;9BX:64; >< 489>:;< 6<X4af_984 ;< ><;<B[:_[<5<6 \]9?<5[<BX9_4gb:^ 34>9Z4^

4B:5<i94^ 4559X694;^ <;X=?:5c <BXb: >:;< ><[< ;<5 5<>=e9>4 := X54X46<BX: ><;8:BX9B=4>:m

<3<9X:; ><?5<;;:5<; ;9BW5Z98:; 8:6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; ;: +%-m =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: 8:6

375648:; d=< ?5<>9;?:B]46 4 >:<Bg4 >: X<56:;X4X: \sc^ 8:6: 9B9a9>:5<; >4 4B9>54;<

845afB984 := 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C ;< 4_<5Z94 4 X:?95464X:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C <i85<gb: W 5<B4_^ ?:5 9;;: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;< <6

Gtum ?:>< ;<5 5<6:[9>: ?:5 ]<6:>97_9;<^ >:<BX<; d=< 5<8<a<6 ]<6:>97_9;< ?:><6

5<d=<5<5 >:;<; ;=?_<6<BX45<; >< X:?95464X:

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4

*<5Xk 845>V484;C ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4

,>:;:;C 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 4?5:[4>: B4 <?9_<?;94

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \<;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm =;: <6 6=_]<5<; >< 9>4>< 3W5X9_ 5<d=<5 4[4_94gb: >:;

59;8:;na<B<3V89:; x 5<?:5X4>4; ]9?:;?7>94; x 4 4=;oB894 >< <3987894 8:B[9B8<BX<

34[:5<8< 4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: >: X54X46<BX: >: X54X46<BX:

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x >:<BX<; d=< d=<5<6 <[9X45 :

Z4B]: >< ?<;:

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C <3987894 >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 W 9B8<5X4 x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9;Xf594 ><

87_8=_:; 5<B49; := 489>:;< 6<X4af_984

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 9B89>oB894 >< 8:B[=_;h<; x ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_

CDNIRhIeEVGHI  ?5:4i<B^ e9Z4a4_

w [9>4C ?5:375648: \"tj]9>5:i9 845a4e<?9B4c { ]:54;

Page 84: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 84/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<4>:5 >:; 84B49; >< ;f>9: ;<B;V[<9; • [:_X4Z<6^ 9B9a< 4 _9a<5X4gb:

>< Z_=X464X:^ 4=6<BX4 4 8:B>=gb: >< ?:X7;;9:^ 6:>=_4 84B49; >< 87_89: 48X9[4>:; ?<_4

[:_X4Z<6

,B>984gh<;C 859;<; ?458949; <6 4>=_X:; 8:6 <?9_<?;94 x 859;<; ?458949; <6 8594Bg4; x >:<Bg4

a9?:_45 64B94 \-"^K Y Bb: 8:B[98<BX<c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C ;<>4gb:^ X:BX=54;^ 8<34_<94;^ 4X4i94^ B9;X4Z6:^ 6458]4 4B:564_^ 8:B3=;b:^

B<5[:;9;6:^ 34>9Z4^ B7=;<4^ [f69X:;^ >:5 4a>:69B49;^ >9;?<?;94^ >9?:_:?94^ [<5X9Z<B;^ [9;b:

4B:564_^ 54;]^ ]9?:B4X5W694 \4,4&3 - , ^_ +&. +&(#9(.3 &%&44( #&. /4")("4&. ^ )(.(.

.&=4(91+&3 )&#"9&4"C,4 .&=4(91+& #&. J1( H,C() RRTU.c ^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc

/:564C 8?^ Htt < Mtt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "FttjFKtt6Zn>

#:B:X<54?94 \>:<Bg4 a9?:_45 < <?9_<?;94cC Mtt6Zn> <6 F >:;<;^ 4=6<BX45 84>4 H >94;Htt6Zn> 4XW FKtt6Zn>

$>`=BX:C Mtt6Zn> <6 F >:;<;^ 84>4 ;<64B4 4=6<BX45 Mtt6Zn>^ >:;< 5<8:6<B>4>4

"Ftt6Zn>

(:;< "nH 649:5<; d=< 845a464e<?9B4

,BX<54gh<; \9B>=X:5 -z*H$KcC

-:BX548<?X9[:; :549;}:i845a4e<?9B4 \5<>=gb: B:; BV[<9; >< -. Y 84>4 -. ><[< 8:BX<5

?<_: 6<B:; Gt68Z <X9B9_<;X54>9:_^ ?5:[<54 >4>: 84>4 "t ;<64B4; := 6WX:>:;4_X<5B4X9[:;c

*5<84=gh<;C Bb: 5<8:6<B>4B>: 8:6 ,#$.^ 6<;6: 4?f; "K >94; >< ;=;?<B;b:^ B<6 8:6<g45

,#$. 4BX<; >< "G >94; >< ;=;?<B;b: >< :i845a464e<?9B4 x 5<>=e <3987894 >< -. x ?:><

<i48<5a45 Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_:j3<8]4>: x 5<;X59gb: >< 3_=9>:; := 6:B9X:59e4gb: >< ;f>9: ?:5

59;8: >< ]9?:B4X5W694

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C ,#$. x 4_<5Z94 4 dd X598V8_98:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_C 5<>=e95 4 >:;< 4 Gtu

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984C Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;< B4 _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4

*<5Xk 845>V484;C Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,>:;:;C 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6 X:_<545 >:;<; 6<B:5<;^ 649; ;=;8<?XV[<9; 4 <3<9X:;

4>[<5;:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<;C 4?5:[4>: ?454 <?9_<?;94

Page 85: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 85/140

 

154[9><eC 84X<Z:594 - \<;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;c x <;X5=X=54_6<BX< ;<6<_]4BX< 4 845a464e<?9B4^ d=< W

X<54X:ZWB984 x 4=6<BX: >< ><3<9X:; >: X=a: B<=54_ B: "~ X596<;X5<

$646<BX4gb:C 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 := a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: < ?;98:;< x 4d=<_<; d=< Bb:

X:_<546 845a464e<?9B4 \;<>4gb:^ X:i989>4>< 6<>=_45^ ]<?4X:X:i989>4><^ ;VB>5:6< >< +X<[<B;

N:]B;:B^ 54;] Z54[<^ 9BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4;c 64; d=< 5<;?:B><6 4 <;X4

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; <6 59;8: >< ]9?:B4X5W694 \F 4 Hu >:; >:<BX<;^ :8:55< B:;

?596<95:; H 6<;<; ;:a5<X=>:c

RGABeCAE

#:>: >< 4gb:C 9B9a< 4 _9a<5X4gb: >< Z_=X464X:

,B>984gb:C (:<Bg4 >: B<=5fB9: 6:X:5 \<;8_<5:;< _4X<54_ 469:X5f3984c

AETEFGRINEFIa

'9Z4gb: 4 ?5:X<VB4 +EF$ B4; [<;V8=_4; ;9B7?X984;^ 6:>93984B>: 4 B<=5:X54;B69;;b:

HGaCOGVGHI 

4BX4Z:B9;X4 87_89:

8? Ht6Z

FKt6Zn>^ Hin>

,B>984gb:C 64B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 898_:; 57?9>:;^ 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \Qc

Page 86: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 86/140

 

#$%)N. ($ (.)%‚$ Q,*.'$0

D0$D$#)%D. ($ #$%,$ $1&($

(:;<; B: _969X< ;=?<59:5k %: 84;: >< 8:6a9B4gb: ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;< ;< ]7

<3<9X:; 4>[<5;:; 4>9X9[:;k

(=54gb:C 4XW 5<69;;b: ;9B>5:67X984 < 3=B89:B4_ \?<5;9;XoB894 >< 64B94 ;=a;9B>5:67X984

4=6<BX4 : 59;8: >< 5<89>9[4ck

)B;49: Bb: ><[< >=545 649; d=< F ;<64B4;C 5<;?:;X4 8:6?_<X4^ ?45894_ := Bb: 5<;?:;X4k

Page 87: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 87/140

 

%4 ?57X984 8_VB984^ †"tu 5<8<a< 6<>984gb: <6 6:B:X<54?94k

$>989:B45 4BX9?;98fX98: 4 >:<BX<; 8:6 ;9BX:64; 64BV48:; ?<5;9;X<BX<; 4 34e<5 _VX9: :=

[4_?5:4X: 6:;X546 6<_]:5 <3987894 d=< 8:BX9B=4gb: >< _VX9: := [4_?5:4X: 4?<B4;k

)[9>oB894 46aVZ=4 d=< ;=?:5X4 4 X<54?o=X984 >< 8:6a9B4gb:k $ 6:B:X<54?94 34[:5<8< 4;<Z=54Bg4k $;;96^ <'+'6"$*#,* !":" %"$ * by "%-'34* +* <*+,* 3,.",$* * <'!"$*!*k

$ ?:_9X<54?94 ?:>< ;<5 =;4>4 <6 8<5X4; 8:6a9B4gh<;C *+6,#%,-;6,-' Q 376,'\:*3#$'*6'^ B4 64B94

Z54[<k

#:B:X<54?94C *$,#,#$*U'3 \$"c^ $,%#"$,!'+* \$"c^ :*3#$'*6' \$"c^ _VX9: \$Fc^ 845a464e<?9B4 \$Fc^

4;<B4?9B4 \$Fc^ :_4Be4?9B4 \$Fc^ d=<X94?9B4 \$Fc^ ]4_:?<59>:_ \$Fc

%<=5:_W?X98:; 4XV?98:; \$Fc Xo6 4 ><;[4BX4Z<6 >4 B<8<;;9>4>< >< >:;<; 4_X4;^ 8:6 649:5

9B89>oB894 >< <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:; 6:X:5<;k

%:; <;X4>:; 69;X:;C [4_?5:4X:^ 845a464e<?9B4^ :_4Be4?9B4 < 59;?<59>:B4k 'VX9: Bb: W 6=9X:

<3984ek )[9X45 B<=5:_W?X98:; XV?98:;k

%4 64B94 Z54[<C 59;?<59>:B4^ e9?54;9>:B4^ 459?9?954e:_^ :_4Be4?9B4^ 8_:e4?9B4 \64B94 5<3548X7594c^

)-D

Page 88: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 88/140

 

D0$D$#)%D. ($ S,*.#$%,$

$[4_945 :; BV[<9; ?_4;67X98:;^ < ;< ?:;;V[<_ 4=6<BX45 4 >:;<^ <6 >:<BX<; `7 6<>984>:;k

)6 >:<BX<; Bb: 6<>984>:;^ : 375648: ><[< ;<5 : >< <;8:_]4 B4 ?5:39_4i94 X46aW6k

+< Bb: 3:5 ?_4B<4>4 4 ?5:39_4i94^ X54X46<BX: 8:6 [4_?5:4X: := 4BX9?;98fX98: 4XV?98: ?:>< ;<5 4

6<_]:5 <;8:_]45 \-Hc^ 8:6 9BV89: >< 4gb: ?5<8:8<k

,BX<5[<Bgh<; 8:6?:5X46<BX49;C 64B=X<Bgb: >< 898_: >< ;:B: [9ZV_94 B4X=54_^ <[9X46<BX: >:

;X5<;;^ 4_Z=B; <_<6<BX:; >< -QD

D0$D$#)%D. () -.%D,%&$‚P. *T+j#$%,$

Mj"F 6<;<; 4?f; 5<69;;b: >: <?9;f>9: 4Z=>: \Qck

0<>=gb: >< >:;<; ?:><6 ;<5 B<8<;;7594;^ ?454 Z454BX95 4 X:_<54a9_9>4><k $ 5<>=gb: >< >:;< W

64B>4Xf594 ?454 : _VX9:^ ?:5d=< 4 <_969B4gb: 5<B4_ >969B=9 4?f; : <?9;f>9: 4Z=>:k

%b: B<8<;;759: d=4B>: ]7 348X:5<; <ifZ<B:;C 8:_<;X<5:_^ 7_8::_^ :=X54; ;=a;XpB894; >< 4a=;:k

D0$D$#)%D. () #$%&D)%‚P. %$ (.)%‚$ Q,*.'$0

(<[< 9B98945j;< ;<C ]i 3469_945 ?:;9X9[4 := <?9;f>9: Z54[< <6 ‹F <?9;f>9:; := vH <?9;f>9:;k

(=54gb:C X:>4 4 [9>4

/48X:5<; d=< ><[<6 Z=945 4 <;8:_]4 >: 375648:C #$"!'<7+,' !" %,+6'<*% 64BV48:; :=]9?:64BV48:; [5 ><?5<;;9[:; B: 8=5;: >4 >:<Bg4^ .$*:,!*!" >: <?9;f>9:^ %,+6'<*% #%,-;6,-'% 

Page 89: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 89/140

 

4;;:894>:; < Br6<5: >< <?9;f>9:; <6 d=< :8:55<546^ 4;;:894gb: 4 X54X46<BX: 8:6

*+6,!"#$"%%,:'% '1 *>1%' !" #%,-'"%6,<13*+6"%^ 6'3"$*>,3,!*!"  >4 6<>984gb: 4 _:BZ:j?54e:^

#$"0"$?+-,* !' !'"+6"

Q9?:_45 ,C 376,' \$c \649; <3984e d=4B>: : 8=5;: >4 >:<Bg4 W >< ?5<>:6VB9: 64BV48: \<=3:594 Bb:

8:6?_984>4c x 3*<'6$,.,+* \$c \?5<[<Bgb: >< <?9;f>9:; ><?5<;;9[:;c x [4_?5:4X: \Qc \?5<[<Bgb:;:a5<X=>: >< <?9;f>9:; ><?5<;;9[:;c x 845a464e<?9B4 \Qc \64B93<;X4gh<; 4XV?984;c x

'3*+U*#,+* \$c \?5<[<Bgb: >4 64B94c x 59;?<59>:B4 \Qc \<6 8:6a9B4gb:c x 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; }

<;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >< ]=6:5 \(c \<?9;:>9:; 5<8:55<BX<; ><?5<;;9[:; < B4d=<_<; 8:6 a:4 5<;?:;X4

4Z=>4c

);X54XWZ94; Bb: 345648:_fZ984;C ?;98:<>=84gb:^ 9BX<5[<Bgh<; 3469_945<; < 9B>9[9>=49;^ )-D \(c

Q9?:_45 , \8:6 898_:; 57?9>:;cC 376,' Q -*$>*<*U"#,+*\:*3#$'*6' \-c x _VX9: \-c x :_4Be4?9B4 \(c^

_46:X59Z9B4 \(c

Q9?:_45 ,,C 376,' \-c^ 845a464e<?9B4 \(c

Q9?:_45 ,, \8:6 898_:; 57?9>:;cC 3*<'6$,.,+* \-c^ [4_?5:4X: \(c

Page 90: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 90/140

 

D0$D$#)%D. ($ ()*0)++P. Q,*.'$0

#:B:X<54?94C X1"6,*#,+* \$"c^ 031'2"6,+* \QHc^ 3*<'6$,.,+* \QHc^ :*3#$'*6' \QHc^ '3*+U*#,+* 

\QHc^ _VX9: \(Gc

-:6a9B4gb:C '3*+U*#,+*Q031'2"6,+*  \QHc^ 3*<'6$,.,+*Q376,'  \QHc^ 6:>439B9_}X54X46<BX: 48X=4_

\QHc^ Bj48<X9_89;X<VB4}_VX9:n[4_?5:4X: \QHcŠ 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; } 4BX964BV48: \a=?59:?9:B^;<5X54_9B4^ ?45:i<X9B4^ [<B_434i9B4 \-"^Kc^ 969?5469B4c \(Gc

D54X46<BX:; 3V;98:;C ?59[4gb: >< ;:B: } X54X46<BX: 48X=4_ \-"c^ ENFQ6$*6*<"+6' *-61*3 \-"cŠ

$ Z54B>< [4BX4Z<6 >:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; W : 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb:^ <6 8:6?454gb: 8:6 : =;: >4

_46:X59Z9B4^ _VX9: := 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;k

*;98:X<54?94;C -QD^ 9BX<5?<;;:4_ \?5<[<Bgb: >< B:[:; <?9;f>9:;c

Page 91: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 91/140

 

$%D,*+,-TD,-.+ $DA*,-.+

RG=VERGOCHI 59;?<5>4_

w [9>4C FtjFK ] \:54_c^ H 4 M >94;^ 64; <_969B4gb: I 4 J ;<64B4; \><?:Xc

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; OK >4 >:?469B4^ a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<;

LMFKI \4=6<BX4 4 >:?469B4^ 5<>=e9B>: <3<9X:; 6:X:5<; < 6<_]:54B>: ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; <

8:ZB9X9[:;c^ *+6*.'+,%<' *30* K \4gb: 4BX9><?5<;;9[4c

,B>984gb:C b€ %1$6' "%X1,U'0$"+,* \$"c x $"-,!,:*% !* "%X1,U'0$"+,* \$"c x 4X54;45 4 5<89>9[4 B4

<;d=9e:35<B94 \:54_c x :=X54; ?;98:;<; \:54_c x <*+,* *.1!* \$"c := 64B94 69;X4 \?:=8: ;=?:5X<

_9X<54X=54c \:54_^ 6:B:X<54?94 := 8:6 [4_?5:4X: := _VX9:c x 64B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

\8:6: 8:j4>`=[4BX<c \(cx ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 x *36"$*/["% !" -'<#'$6*<"+6' 5#%,-'%" "*.,6*/&'8 +* !"<?+-,*% \rB98: 4BX9?;98fX98: _98<B894>: B: 0& ?454 <;X< <3<9X:^ 64; 5<[9;b:

-:8]54B< >9e d=< 59;8:; =_X54?4;;46 :; a<B<3V89:; ?45X98=_456<BX< B: X54X46<BX: 4 _:BZ:

?54e:c \-Hcx 4_X<54gh<; >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: <6 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; x 96?=_;9[9>4>< x

9559X4a9_9>4>< B: 4=X9;6: \G < "M 4B:;c x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 \"t 4 "I 4B:;c x <;d=9e:35<B94 \"H 4 "I

4B:;c x *+*D \4>`=BX: QHc

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^

>9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ ,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^

?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<;^

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \F 4 HnKc^ ]9?:X<B;b: \,#9,D&#".)& ,7H, :c x %,+6'<*% 

"26$*J#,$*<,!*,%… \FnKc \.&=4(91+& , /,49"4 +( W)DM+ c^ 4,#"$#$'3*-6,+"<,*  … \KnKc^ !,%01+/&' 

%"21*3… \+")"#1"52& +, (K%"9,52& ( &4D,.)&cx 59;8: 845>9:6<X4af_98: 9B8:B8_=;9[:n9BX<56W>9:

\SSEd:LL /,4, +",=(9(. #1) /(4$&+& +( :L ,#&.3 SSEd:6LL /,4, jPZc^ >94a<X<;^

>9;_9?9>W694^ 8<X:489>:;< >94aWX984 \)1"9& 4,4&c^ .*+4' !" #"%'… \HnK^ )(%,#".)&

+(.%&#<(%"+&c^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4,3 4".%& )1"9& 4(+1C"+& () %&)/,4,52& %&) 9$/"%&.3 :_ 8.

^B6_ "#%"+?#%", ,#1,7 /(7& )(#&. #&. /4")("4&. 6 ,#&.3 4".%& +( #&8&. %,.&. +")"#1" )1"9&

,/0. :6 ,#&. +( 94,9,)(#9& %&) #(14&7*/9"%&.c^ X:BX=54;^ 9B;fB94^ 8<34_<94;^ 4B;9<>4><^

;<>4gb:^ B7=;<4x x <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \FnKc^ :a;X9?4gb: x >:5 4a>:69B4_^ X4d=9845>94^

]9?<5Z_98W694 <iX5<64 4;;:894>4 4 8<X:489>:;< >94aWX984 \4,4&3 ),. /&+( .(4 H,9,7 c^ $E- <6

9>:;:; 8:6 ><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4 ?;98:;<; \4".%& %&) Pkl ( PRl Y (H("9& +( %7,..(; (9"&7&D",

Page 92: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 92/140

 

 /4&8,8(7)(#9( 9,J1"%I4+", ( <"/&9(#.2& &49&.9I9"%,3 <"/(4/4&7,%9"#()", %&) ,%(7(4,52& +,

,9(4&.%7(4&.(c^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; \)(#&4 J1( %&) 9$/"%&.c^ 8:B[=_;h<;^

4_:?W894^ ?594?9;6:^ >9;34Z94^ SD$

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C 8? t^G6Z^ "6Z^ F6Z^ H6Z^ K6Z x ;:_ :54_ "6Zn6' x 8? :5:>9;?<5;V[<_ t^G6Z^ "6Z^ F6Z^

H6Z^ K6Z x ><?:X FG6ZnF6'^ HI^G6ZnF6'^ Gt6ZnF6'

*:;:_:Z94C

*;98:;< < >:<Bg4 a9?:_45C KJu<.\! Y 8:6<g45 8:6 "6Zn> <6 F >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^

4=6<BX45 "6Zn> 4XW <3987894 ><;<`4>4^ 67i96: 4?5:[4>: 4XW "M6Zn> \64; ]7 59;8: ><

;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; 4 ?45X95 >:; M6Zn>c^ 64; 67i96: <3<9X: [9;X: KjJ6Zn>k

#<_]:5 <3987894 < X:_<54a9_9>4>< <BX5< FjM 6Zn>k *:>< ;<5 >4>: b2\! '1 K2\!l b€

%1$6']<.\! 

-594Bg4; < 9>:;:;C t^GjF6Zn> \?:B><545 5<Z96< 9B9894_ >< Fin>c

(<?:XC FGjGt ,# "Gn"G>k (<[< ;<5 >4>4 6<>984gb: :54_ >=54BX< H ;<64B4; B: 9BV89: >:

><?:X^ ><?:9; ><;8:BX9B=4>4k D9X=_4gb: >: ><?:X ><[< ;<5 3<9X4 84>4 K ;<64B4;^ Bb:

6<B:;k -:B8<BX54gh<; <;X7[<9; 4?f; K 9B`<8gh<; \J ;<64B4;c^ < 64BX9>4; >=54BX< KjM

;<64B4; 4?f; ><;8:BX9B=4gb:k +< >:;< <6 34_X4 8:6 649; >< F ;<64B4; \?< FJ >94;

><;>< 4 r_X964 9B`<8gb:c^ ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 4>69B9;X54gb: >< :54_ >=54BX< H ;<64B4;

<Bd=4BX: ;< 5<9B9894 : ><?:X \6<X4>< >4 ;<59BZ4 Bb: W 6<X4>< >4 >:;<ck

N'+:"$%&' '$*3J!"#'6C †H6Zn> Y FG6Z ><?:X x HjG6Zn> Y HI6G^Z x €G6Zn> YGt6Z 

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_ <6 6:B:X<54?94^ ;<>4gb:^ X4d=9845>94^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ ]9?:X<B;b:^

>9;?B<94

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C M 4 J ;<64B4; \649; 57?9>: ?:>< >45 ?;98:;< 5<a:=B> := 4Z54[46<BX: >:;

;9BX:64;c

,BX<54gh<;C 6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*F(M

/_=:i<X9B4 } 59;?<59>:B4 \4=6 BV[<9; >< 59;?<59>:B4 8:6 <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; <6 Htu>4 46:;X54 B|"tk #:B9X:59e4gb: < 4`=;X< >< >:;< ;< B<8<;;759:c

09346?989B4 } 59;?<59>:B4 \9B>=gb: -z*H$K < F(M^ 5<>=gb: >:; BV[<9; >< 59;?<59>:B4c

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y 9B9894_6<BX< t^G6Z Fin> >=54BX< 4 "q ;<64B4^ ><?:9;

4=6<BX45 ?454 "6Z Fin>m ><?:X Bb: ><[< ;<5 4>69B9;X54>: 4 Bb: ;<5 d=< ]4`4

X:_<5pB894 ?454 F6Zn> < Bb: 649; d=< FG6Zn>

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y ?5<84=gh<; ?:5 ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984m 4=6<BX4 : 59;8: ><$E- <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 /$

Page 93: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 93/140

 

,>:;:; j 9B9894_6<BX< t^G6Z Fin>^ 8:6 9B85<6<BX:; >< t^G6Z Fin>^ X9X=_45 ?454 >:;<;

48964 >< "^G6Zk $=6<BX: >< 59;8: >< 6:5X< < <[<BX:; 845>9:[4;8=_45<; ?454 ?;98:;<

4;;:894>4 • ><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y W : 4XV?98: 649; =X9_9e4>:^ B: <BX4BX: ;<Z=54Bg4 <

<3<8X9[9>4>< Bb: 3:546 <;X4a<_<89>:;

157[9>4; Y 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm 8594Bg4; <i?:;X4; 9B rX<5: Bb: 6:;X54546

8:B;<d=oB894; 4>[<5;4;^ 4XW 4Z:54m W ?5<3<59>4 4 <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >: ]=6:5 >=54BX< 4

Z54[9><ek V$"0"$7:"3 m '3*+U*#,+*( +&' S 1< 6"$*6;."+' <*P'$l

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 4 59;?<59>:B4 := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4_Z=B; 84;:; >< ?;98:;< < >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<3548X759: 4: X54X46<BX: 8:6

:=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; x X54X46<BX: ?5<3<59>: ?454 ><6oB894 8:6 4Z5<;;9[9>4>< x 4XV?98:

?5<3<59>: ?454 8594Bg4; 8:6 >9;Xr5a9:; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; x >:<BX<; d=< Bb: 4><5<6 \><?:Xc x

5<;=_X4>:; 4 _:BZ: ?54e: ?:><6 4=6<BX45 d=4B>: 4 4><;b: 6<_]:545 \><?:Xc x rB98: 4XV?98:

8:6 3:56=_4gb: ><?:X

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8=`4 <_<[4gb: >4 *0' ?:;;4 Bb: ;<5 ><;<`4>4 \Z57[9>4;^

?ra<54; 8:6 46<B:55<94^ ?f;j6<B:?7=;984; d=< Bb: X:646 <;X5:ZWB9:;c

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ 3=B89:B46<BX:

8:ZB9X9[:^ ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_ \><?5<;;b: < 64B94c^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><

VIAGVERGOCHI 9B[<Z4

wC FK] s

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4BX4Z:B9;6: (F < GSDF$^ 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34jF < 6<B:5 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34j

" \;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:;c

,B>984gb:C );d=9e:35<B94

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8 \"nHsc^ ;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49; \FnK^ .&=4(91+& %&)

+&.(.`m)DM+ c^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ >9;89BW;94; X45>94;^ ]9?<5Z_98<694^

]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984^ Z4B]: ?<;: \HnKc^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc^ <_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4 \KnKc^ <3<9X:;

4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \FnKc^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_

/:564C 8? H^M^ { 6Z \8? >< _9a<5X4gb: ?5:_:BZ4>4c

*:;:_:Z94C

Hj"F6Zn>

<?9;f>9: 4Z=>: <;d=9e:35<B94 \5<89>9[4;cC tJbK<.\! 

Page 94: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 94/140

 

9B98945 8:6 M6Z^ "in>^ >< 64B]b \X9X=_4gb: Bb: W B<8<;;7594c^ ?4>5:B9e4>4 8:6

9BZ<;Xb: >< 4_96<BX:; \;<6?5< <6 `<`=6 := ;<6?5< 4: *$c Y 4=6<BX45 H6Z 84>4 G

>94;

,BX<54gh<;C Bb: W 6<X4a:_9e4>: [94 -z* F(M^ 4: 8:BX5759: >4 59;?<59>:B4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y 9B9894_6<BX< H6Zn> \,0 _9Z<954c := "^G6Zn> \,0 6:><54>4 4 Z54[<

D/1 <BX5< "t 4 Gt 6_n69Bc^ 4=6<BX45 4XW M6Z := H6Zn> 5<;?<8X9[46<BX<

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:;< rB984^ Bb: B<8<;;9X4 >< X9X=_4gb:^ 6<B:; ?98:; ?_4;67X98:; < 4;;96

6<B:; ;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49; < ;<>4gb: 8:6?454X9[46<BX< • 59;?<59>:B4 x 6<B:5

]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984 \6<B:5 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34j"c d=< 59;?<59>:B4 x +&' -*1%* "3":*/&' !*%

"+U,<*% 4"#96,-*% 

CAIHeIVGHI ey?5<i4

w [9>4C F"jGK ]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F >4 >:?469B4^ a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; F$ >4

;<5:X:B9B4 \4=6<BX4 4 >:?469B4^ 5<>=e9B>: <3<9X:; 6:X:5<; < 6<_]:54B>: ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:;

< 43<8X9[:;c^ 4BX4Z:B9;6: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; GSDF- \;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; < 43<8X9[:;c

,B>984gb:C "~ ;=5X: <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"c x 5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"cx 64B=X<Bgb: >4

5<;?:;X4 B4 <;d=9e:35<B94 x 4Z9X4gb: 4Z=>4 4;;:894>4 4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \96c x %,+6'<*%

+".*6,:'% !* "%X1,U'0$"+,* \$"c x 64B94 4Z=>4 := <?9;f>9: 69;X4 \$Fc \6:B:X<54?94 := 8:6

[4_?5:4X: := _VX9:c W <*+16"+/&' !* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ \$c \;:a5<X=>: >4 ?5<[<Bgb: >4 64B94cx

4Z9X4gb: 4Z=>4 4;;:894>4 4 64B94 x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 \<6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 3_=:i<X9B4c \QHcx

:=X54; ?;98:;<; x ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45 Bb: 5<;?:B;9[4 4 4BX9><?5<;;9[:; x 4_X<54gh<; ><

8:6?:5X46<BX: B4 ><6oB894; \-Hc x 4_X<54gh<; >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: <6 8594Bg4; <

4>:_<;8<BX<; x 96?=_;9[9>4>< x ?? a:5><5_9B< x *+*D \4>`=[4BX< QHc

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^

>9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ GaN^ .3,-'%" "< P"P1<^

Page 95: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 95/140

 

?<539_ _9?V>98: \F^ "< P"P1<c^ VI 4:; H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; 4B=4_6<BX<^ 64; 649; ?5<8:8<6<BX< ;<

Z4B]: ;=?<59:5 4 Gu >: ?<;: := 9BV89: >< >94a<X<; x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<;

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C %"!*/&' \HnK 3 D(4,7)(#9( 94,#."904",c x .*+4' !" #"%' \KnK^ ),. #() 9&+&.

&. +&(#9(. D,#<,) /(.&^ 4(%(/9&4(. E:3 6EF-G c *1<"+6* ' $,%-' -*$!,'<"6*>;3,-' \SSEd-6

 /,4, +",=(9(. #1) /(4$&+& +( :L ,#&.3 SSEd-LL /,4, jPZc^ >94a<X<; >9;_9?9>W694^8<X:489>:;< >94aWX984 \?:_9r594^ ?:_9?;94^ ?<5>4 ?<;:^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ ><;9>54X4gb:^

X4d=9?B<94^ 354d=<e4^ 43=B>46<BX: >: <;X4>: >< 8:B;89oB894c x X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb:^ ]9?:X<B;b:

\4(%(/9&4(. ,7H, :c x "0",6'% *+6,-'3,+S$.,-'% \FnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb: x ;9BX:64; <iX54j

?95469>49; \" 4 FnKcx <><64 ?<593W598:^ >:5 45X98=_45<;^ >:5 X:578984^ 6458]4 4Bf64_4^

<d=96:;<;^ X4d=9845>94^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4,c^ 3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4>< \4,4,c^ ]9?<5Z_98W694^

;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ $E- <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4

?;98:;<^ 4_:?W894^ <_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4 \FnKc^ >9;34Z94^ SD$

/:564C 8? :5:>9;?<5;9[<_ \[<_:X4ac G6Z^ "t^ "G6Z x 8? F^G6Z^ "t6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

"tjFt6Zn>k ,B98945 G 4 "t6Z "in>^ 4=6<BX45 G6Z 84>4 ;<64B4 4XW <3987894 ><;<`4>4^

67i96: Ft6Zn>

"~;=5X: †"t6Zn>

(:;<; 48964 >< "G6Zn> ?:><6 ;<5 rX<9; <6 >:<BX<; 4Z9X4>:; < 5<;9;X<BX<; 4:

X54X46<BX:k %<;X<; >:<BX<; 8:B;9><545 X<54?o=X984 4>`=[4BX< 8:6 ae> :=

4BX9?;98fX98: >< "q Z<54gb:

$Z9X4gb: 4;;:894>4 4 ><_959=6C F^G 4 G6Zn>m 67i96: Ft6Zn>

#=_]<5<; ?:><6 B<8<;;9X45 >< >:;<; 6<B:5<; d=< :; ]:6<B;^ ?<_4; >93<5<Bg4; ><

8_<454B8<k

=,+6'<*% +".*6,:'% !* "%X1,U'0$"+,*_ L<.\!

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< _<X4_^ ;<>4gb:^ >9;8=5;: 4554;X4>:

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C M 4 J ;<64B4;

-:B;9><545 ><;8:BX9B=4gb: ;< <i8<;;: >< ?<;:^ :a<;9>4><^ >94a<X<;^ ?5Wj>94a<X<;^ SD$ :=

>9;_9?9>W694

,BX<54gh<;C 6<X4a:_9e4>: [94 -z*"$F^ F(M^ H$K^ ?:=84; 9BX<54gh<;

%98:X9B4 } :_4Be4?9B4C ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: =6 4=6<BX: >< >:;< >: 375648:

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gb:cC ]9?:X<B;b: x ]9?<5X5:394 ?5:;X7X984^ Z_4=8:64 ><

pBZ=_: 3<8]4>:^ 9_<=; ?454_VX98: x 59;8: >< ?B<=6:B94 >< 4;?954gb: \>9;34Z94c

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C \;f ?454 4 3:56=_4gb: ,#c

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

Page 96: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 96/140

 

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<m 09$<*-' I=^ #$"0"$,!' +* GRN 

\#4=>;_<yc^ B4 >:;< >< G6Zn>

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<m >:<BX<; 8:6 >:<Bg4

]<?7X984 ><[<6 34e<5 ?5:[4; ]<?7X984; 4_Z=64; [<e<; ?:5 4B:m B4 9B;=3989oB894

]<?7X984 6:><54>4 4 Z54[<^ >:;< 9B9894_ ><[< ;<5 >< G6Z < 4=6<BX:; ><[<6 ;<58=9>4>:;:;

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 8=9>4>: ?:5 59;8: >< ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984

,>:;:; Y 4=6<BX: >< 59;8: >< $E-m 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; X:_<546 6<_]:5 >:;<; 649; a49i4;m

=;4>4 B4 4_X<54gb: >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4; ><6oB894;^ 64; Bb: B4 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4

><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm 8594Bg4; <i?:;X4; 9B rX<5: Bb: 6:;X54546

8:B;<d=oB894; 4>[<5;4;^ 4XW 4Z:54m W ?5<3<59>4 4 <;X4a9_9e4>:5<; >: ]=6:5 >=54BX< 4

Z54[9><ek #4; ?4;;4 649; 4 a455<954 ?_48<BX45 d=< 59;?<59>:B4 < d=<X94?9B4 \B:

<BX4BX: W 6<B:; X<54X:ZWB984 d=< <;X<;c^ 4;;:894>4 4 >9;?_4;94 >4 4B84^ 6<B69BZ:8<_:^

4Bd=9_:a_<345:^ ><3<9X:; >: X=a: B<=54_ \:a<;9>4>< ?5WjZ54[9><e [; X<54X:Z<B989>4><

>95<8X4scm *+6,#%,-;6,-' !" Ky ."$*/&' #$"0"$,!' +* .$*:,!"U

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 4 :_4Be4?9B4 := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4_Z=B; 84;:; >< ?;98:;< < >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<3548X759:; 4: X54X46<BX:8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; \649:5 <3987894c x =6 4Z<BX< ?:X<B894>:5 B4 ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 <

><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \8:6 3_=:i<X9B4c x >:<BX<; d=< B<8<;;9X46 ><

=6 9BV89: 57?9>: >< 4gb: 4BX9?;98fX984 ;<6 X9X=_4gb: \6<_]:594 >:; ;9BX:64; ?;98fX98:; <

64BV48:; B=64 ;<64B4c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 8:6 >94a<X<;

6<__9X=;^ :a<;9>4>< <n:= >9;_9?9>W694 x >:; 4XV?98:; 649; 845:;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ 3=B89:B46<BX:

8:ZB9X9[:^ ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_ \><?5<;;b: < 64B94c^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><

Page 97: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 97/140

 

cBEFGIVGHI ;<5:d=<_^ 4_e<B

w [9>4C MjI]:54;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: 5<8<?X:5<; (F^ a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; LMFKI^ 4Z:B9;X4 ?45894_

>:; 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$ \;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:;c^ *+6*.'+,%6* LMFKN \;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:;c^*+6*.'+,%<' *30* K j 4=6<BX: >4 X54B;69;;b: >< HI " LMF \<3<9X:; 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;c

,B>984gh<;C "~ ;=5X: <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"cx x 5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"c x<*+,* *.1!* \$Fc\<6 6:B:X<54?94 := 4>`=BX: >< _VX9: := [4_?5:4X:c x ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \QHcx :=X54; ?;98:;<; x 64B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x 0*%" !"#$"%%,:* !* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ \$"c x!"#$"%%&' +* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ 6,#' GG \QHc x <?9;f>9: 69;X: (Q x ?<5X 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4;><6oB894; \-Hc x #"$6 -'<#'$6*<"+6' +* !'"+/* !" V*$f,+%'+ " !"<?+-,* -'$#'% !" A":k x?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4 _<[:>:?4 x ?<5X 8:6?:5X46<BX: <6 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; x96?=_;9[9>4>< x 4B;9<>4>< Z54[< 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x ><?5<;;b: =B9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< •X<54?o=X984x 9B;fB94 x #"$6 *+%,"!*!" ."+"$*3,U*!* \$"c

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^

>9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ ,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^

?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<; x *$^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ ?<539_ _9?V>98: 84>4

H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; 4B=4_6<BX<

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;<>4gb: \H 4 KnK^ 4(%(/9&4(. E:3 Z:3 ,7H,:c^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \HnK^ 4(%(/9&4(.

E:3 6EF-G c x X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb:^ ]9?:X<B;b: \4(%(/9&4(. ,7H, :c x x <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:;

\FnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ ;<>4gb: x ?45l9B;:B9;6: \"nKc^ 59;8: 845>9:6<X4af_98:

9B8:B8_=;9[:n9BX<56W>9: \SSEd:LL /,4, +",=(9(. #1) /(4$&+& +( :L ,#&.3 SSEd^LL /,4,

jPZc^ Z4B]: >< ?<;:^ >94a<X<;^ 8<X:489>:;< >94aWX984 \)1"9& 4,4&c^ >9;_9?9>W694 x X4d=9845>94^

>9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4,c^ 3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4>< \4,4,c^ ]9?<5Z_98W694^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:;

B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ $E- <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4 ?;98:;<^ 4_:?W894^

<_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4 \"nKc^ >9;34Z94^ ?594?9;6: s^ -*6*$*6*% \[9;b: 4: _:BZ< < X=5[4^ 4[4_94gb:

:3X4_6:_fZ984 <6 84>4 " := F 4B:;c

/:56=_4gb:C 8?^ 8? _9a ?5:_:BZ4>4^ FG^ Gt^ "tt^ Ftt^ Htt^ Ktt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C >:;<; 649:5<; <;Xb: 4;;:894>4; 4 649:5 5<;?:;X4 Y :84;9:B4_6<BX< ?:><6 8]<Z45

4:; Jttj"ttt6Zn>

Page 98: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 98/140

Page 99: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 99/140

 

8:5?:; >< '<[y d=< B<8<;;9X46 >< =6 4BX9?;98fX98: := <;X4a9_9e4>:5 >: ]=6:5 x ;<6 ;9B49;

<iX54?95469>49; x ;<6 <_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4 5<"+'$ $,%-' !" !,%01+/&' %"21*38

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; d=< B<8<;;9X46 =6 9BV89: >< 4gb: 57?9>4 x >:<BX<; d=< Bb:

4><5<6 4 <;d=<64 >< >:;< >=?_4 >97594 x >:<BX<; 8:6 >9398=_>4>< <6 X:_<545 4 ;<>4gb: x

?5<g:

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ 3=B89:B46<BX:

8:ZB9X9[:^ ]=6:5 9B;X7[<_ \><?5<;;b: < 64B94c^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ 9B;fB94 < 4B;9<>4><

NACeIVGHI _<?:B<i

w [9>4C Gj"M]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F >4 >:?469B4^ a_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<; (H < (K

\6<B:5 <3<9X: <iX54j?95469>4_c^ a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; LMFKI \4=6<BX4 4 >:?469B4^

5<>=e9B>: <3<9X:; 6:X:5<; < 6<_]:54B>: ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; < 43<8X9[:;c^ 4Z:B9;X4 ?45894_ >:;

5<8<?X:5<; LMFbI^ 9BX<54gh<; <6 6=9X:; :=X5:; 5<8<?X:5<;^ B:6<4>46<BX< LMFKN < GSD"$

?:>< 8:BX59a=95 ?454 4 <3987894 >:; ;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; < 43<8X9[:;^ *+6*.'+,%<' *30* K 

\4BX9><?5<;;9[:c

,B>984gh<;C "%X1,U'0$"+,* $"%,%6"+6" *' 6$*6*<"+6' x 5<>=gb: >: 59;8: >< 8:6?:5X46<BX:;

;=989>4; 5<8:55<BX<; <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 <;d=9e:35<B94 := >:<Bg4 <;d=9e:43<8X9[4 x ?5:39_4i94 >4

>:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \-"^Kc x64B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45^ 898_:; 57?9>:;5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \(c x >:<BX<; 4Z5<;;9[:; := [9:_<BX:; 8:6 ?;98:;< := :=X54;

?<5X=5a4gh<; 8<5<a549; Bb: 5<;?:B;9[:; 4 :=X5:; X54X46<BX:; x >9;89BW;94 X45>94 x ;9BX:64;

B<Z4X9[:; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \Fq _9B]4c

D<;X<;C 4"<'.$*<* %"<*+*3 !1$*+6" t <"%"%( X1,+U"+*3 +'% t <"%"% %".1,+6"%( !"#',%

<"+%*3<"+6" \:= ;<64B4_6<BX< >=54BX< "J ;<64B4;^ ><?:9; d=9Be<B4_6<BX< 4XW " 4B:^

><?:9; 6<B;4_6<BX< 4XW 4:; F 4B:; Y #4=>;_<y n X1,+U"+*3<"+6" +'% #$,<",$'% ]Jt <"%"% "

+"-"%%9$,' $"#'$6*$ X1*3X1"$ %,+*3 !" ,+0"/&' j Œ/Q+*ck ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 ><

>94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^ >9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^

,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ ?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<; x 4B7_9;<; >< ?<539__9?V>98: 4:; H 6<;<; < ><?:9; 4B=4_6<BX< x X<;X< >< 3=Bgb: ]<?7X984^ )-1^ <i46< 3V;98: Z<54_^

Page 100: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 100/140

 

BV[<_ 845>9:[4;8=_45 >< a4;< 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX: x )-1 < 4[4_94gb: 845>V484 <6

>:<BX< d=< ><;<B[:_[<6 >9;?B<94 := >:5 X:578984 >=54BX< : X54X46<BX: \69:845>9X<c

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 4=6<BX4 : 59;8: >< >94a<X<; < >9;_9?9>W694^ 8<X:489>:;< >94aWX984^ .*+4' 

!" #"%' \KnKc^ x %,*3'$$",* \ /&+( .(4 D4,8(3 +".9g4="& #, +(D719"52& /&4 ,#9,D&#".)&

)1.%,4$#"%& &1 ,D&#".)& ,+4(#*4D"%&; 94,9,)(#9&A 4(+152& +( +&.( &1 ,#9")1.%,4$#"%&c^;=>4gb:^ ?5:a_<64; ><BX759:; x X:BX=54;^ ]9?:X<B;b: \,7H, :c x %"!*/&' \KnKc^ "0",6'%

*+6,-'3,+S$.,-'%  \KnKc^ :a;X9?4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ :_]:; ;<8:;^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594 x ;9BX:64;

<iX54?95469>49; \"nKc x 8<34_<94;^ X4d=9845>94^ B7=;<4;^ *.$*+13'-,6'%" \"#%71" ."#9&),. D4"/,". (

."#,". +( "#H(52&3 "#%"+?#%", ,#1,7 +( L3L6B-_3 ),"&4 #&. /4")("4&. W )(.(. ,/0. "#$%"&3

7(1%0%"9&. n-LLL &1 #(1940H"7&. n:LLL; ,79& 4".%& +( ,D4,#17&%"9&.(A 7(1%0%"9&. -LLLB^LLL (

#(1940H"7&. :LLLB:6LL Y /,4,4 %7&C,/"#,; .( 7(1%0%"9&. ^LLLB^6LL ( #(1940H"7&.`:6LL +(8(B.(

4(/(9"4 <()&D4,), -KM.(),#, ,9* 7(1%0%"9&. ̀ ^6LLc^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;

\59Z9><e^ 4_X<54gh<; >: <;X4>: 6<BX4_^ >9;4=X:B:694c^ -'+:13%["% \4".%& %1)17,9"8& ,&. > ,#&.

+( :L_; > , :LK ),"&4 J1( &194&. PRlc…^ X5:6a:<6a:_9;6: ?=_6:B45 < X5:6a:;< [<B:;4

?5:3=B>4^ <,'-*$!,6" \:A6LL , :A:LLLL; %7$#"%,A +&4 9&4I%"%,3 /,7/"9,5e(.3 +"./#(",3 H(=4(3

(+(),c^ 4=6<BX: >: 59;8: >< 6:5X< < 489><BX<; 8W5<a5:j[4;8=_45<; <6 9>:;:; 8:6 ?;98:;<

4;;:894>4 4 ><6oB894^ ]9?<5?5:_48X9B<694 \"nKc^ MFI \,#9,D&#".)& ,7H, -3 %&) 7"=(49,52& +(

SPc

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C FG^ "tt6Z^ 8?

*:;:_:Z94C HttjKGt 6Zn>

);d=9e:35<B94 5<89>9[4;C booJ{oo<.\! \Œ/Q+*c

);d=9e:35<B94 5<3548X7594C "ttj{tt6Zn>^ >:;< 6W>94 Ktt6Zn>

,BX<5B46<BX: j 9B9894_6<BX< FG6Z <6 F >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 FG 4 Gt6Zn> 4XW

<3987894 4X9BZ9>4k (:;<; 48964 >< Htt6Zn> ><[<6 ;<5 >9[9>9>4;m 4=6<BX:; >< >:;<

48964 >< KGt6Zn> ><[<6 ;<5 3<9X4; ;<64B4_6<BX<m >:;< 67i964 Z<54_6<BX<

{tt6Zn>

$6a=_4Xf59: Y 9B9894_6<BX< "F^G 6Z <6 F >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 FGu 84>4 H >94;

\[<5 #4=;>_<yc

O'%"% *-,<* !" LLo<.\! #'!"< +"-"%%,6*$ !" *+6,-'+:13%,:*+6"k *;98:;< 5<a:=B> ?:><

:8:55<5 4 Bb: ;<5 d=< 4 >:;< ;<`4 5<>=e9>4 _<BX46<BX<^ "tt6Zn;<64B4 := 6<B:;

+=;?<B;b:C d=4B>: B<=X5f39_:; 4a;:_=X:; †"tttn66H^ d=4B>: _<=8f89X:; †Ftttn66H^

<:;9Bf39_:; € Ktttn66H x ;< ><;8:BX9B=4>: ?:5 649; >< F >94;^ ><[< ;<5 5<9B9894>: B=64 >:;<

6<B:5 < 4=6<BX4>: _<BX46<BX< x ]<6:Z5464 B<8<;;759: ;<64B4_6<BX< >=54BX< " 6o; 4?f;

?454Z<6

.[<5>:;<C ?:5 [<e<; _<X4_^ 4_X<54gh<; >: )-1^ ]9?<5;4_9[4gb:^ ><?5<;;b: 5<;?954Xf594^

4_X<54gh<; >4 8:B;89oB894

Page 101: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 101/140

 

$>`=[4BX<; B4 );d=9e:35<B94 5<3548X7594C

#49:5 <[9>oB894

$59?9?54e:_ } 8_:e4?9B4 \6<_]:594 ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:;^ 5<[<5;b: ;9BX:64; 6<X4af_98:;c

$69;;=_?59>< } 8_:e4?9B4 \6<_]:594 >:; :=X8:6<;^ 64; 59;8: <3<9X:; <iX54j?95469>49; <

4=6<BX: >4 ?5:_48X9B4c

a,$6*U*#,+* Q -3'U*#,+* \6<_]:594 >:; ;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; < B<Z4X9[:;c

EJEVI Q -3'U*#,+*

A*<'6$,.,+* Q -3'U*#,+*

)[9>oB894 49B>4 _969X4>4 :_4Be4?9B4^ ?96:e9><^ ?45:i<X9B4^ 3_=[:i469B4^ ;<5X54_9B4^

?5<Z4a4_9B4^ [4_?5:4X:^ Z4a4?<BX9B4^ )-D;

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*"$Fc

I+6,>,;6,-'% Q -3'U*#,+* \9BX<548gb: 345648:>9Bp6984 Y 4BX9a9fX98:; d=< 84=;46

B<=X5:?WB94 ?:><6 4Z54[45 <;X4 8:6?_984gb: >4 8_:e4?9B4k $_W6 >9;X:^ 9B3<8gh<;

5<;?954Xf594; ?:><6 9B9a95 4 -z*"$F ?<5 ;<c

#<B:5 ?5:a4a9_9>4>< >< _<=8:?WB94nB<=X5:?WB94C ?<B989_9B4;^ X<X54898_9B4;^

469B:Z_98:;V><:;^ 6485f_9>:; \8_459X5:6989B4^ 4e9X5:6989B4^ <59X5:6989B4c^ 4_Z Xa

\<X46a=X:_^ ?954e9B469>4^ <;X5?X:6989B4c

#49:5 ?5:a4_9>4>< >< _<=8:?WB94nB<=X5:?WB94C 8<34_:;?:59B4;^ 8_9B>46989B4^

_9B8:6989B4^ X6?j;6e^ 4_Z=B; Xa \9;:B9e4>4^ 59346?989B4c^ ;4?;:B<^ 6<X5:B9>4e:_^

B9X5:3=54BX:VB4^ 8_:54B3<B98:_^ [4B8:6989B4^ X<98:?_4B9B4^ d=9B:_:B4

\89?5:3_:i489B4^ _<[:3_:i489B4^ B:53_:i489B4^ :3_:i489B4Šc

I+6,#%,-;6,-'% 5'16$'%8 Q -3'U*#,+*

459?9?54e:_C 5<>=gb: "Gu >:; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4

3<B:X94e9B4;C 4=6 59;8: >< 4Z54B=_:89X:;<

]4_:?<59>:_C 4=6 BV[<9; >< ]4_:?<59>:_^ 8:B[=_;h<; \B|Fc

59;?<59>:B4C K 84;:;^ <6a:54 Bb: X<B]4 ;9>: ?5:[4>4 <;X4 9BX<548gb:

hU# Q -3'U*#,+* \6<84B9;6: ><;8:B]<89>:^ 4_Z=64; ae? Y >94e<?46^ 8_:B4e<?46^

:i4e<?46^ _:54e<?46 j ?:><6 4=6<BX45 :; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4^ 84;:; 545:; ><

]9?:X<B;b: Z54[< < ><?5<;;b: 5<;?954Xf594 \B|Hc^ 6:5X< ;ra9X4 \B|"c < ><_959=6 \B|"ck

#:B9X:59e45 ?454 4=6<BX: >4 ;<>4gb: ?45X98=_456<BX< 8:6 : 4=6<BX: >< >:;< < <6

>:<BX<; d=< <;Xb: 4 34e<5 ae? < ;< d=<5 4>989:B45 8_:e4?9B4c

==RG% Q -3'U*#,+* \4=6<BX: >:; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4k $`=;X< >< >:;< 4d=4B>: >4

;=;?<B;b: := 9BX5:>=gb: >< ++0,c

Page 102: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 102/140

 

/_=:i<X9B4C 6<84B9;6: ?5:[7[<_ 9B9a -z*F(M Y 4=6<BX4 :; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4

B|Jt

/_=[:i469B4C 9B9a9gb: -z*"$F Y 6<;6: 8:6 a49i4; >:;<; \"tjFt6Zn>c^ 59;8:

>< 8:B[=_;h<;

*45:i<X9B4C B|Mt^ X:i989>4>< >4 8_:e4?9B4

+<5X54_9B4C 4=6<BX: >:; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4 B|Jt

H,-'6,+* Q -3'U*#,+*C 5<>=gb: >:; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC 4;;:894gb: 4 69:845>9X< < 69:845>9:?4X94^ 6<;6:

<6 9B>9[V>=:; ;4=>7[<9; < `:[<B; x Bb: ><[< ;<5 >4>: 8:6 :=X5:; 4Z<BX<; d=< ?5:[:d=<6

4Z54B=_:89X:;< \Dc x Z_4=8:64 x ]9?<5X5:394 ?5:;X7X984

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C >:<Bg4 69<_:?5:_93<54X9[4 x <?9_<?;94 Bb: 8:BX5:_4>4 xZ54B=_:89X:?<B94x ><?5<;;b: +%-

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y ><[< ;<5 =;4>4 8:6 84=X<_4

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 8=9>4>:^ ;:a5<X=>: B4 ?5<;<Bg4 >< :=X5:; 375648:;

,>:;:; Y X:_<546 6<_]:5 >:;<; 649; a49i4;m =;4>4 B4 4_X<54gb: >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4;

><6oB894;^ 64; Bb: B4 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4 ><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y <3987894 < ;<Z=54Bg4 Bb: <;X4a<_<89>4;^ B: <BX4BX: ;=Z<5<j;<

<3987894 B4 <;d=9e:35<B94 >< 9BV89: ?5<8:8< 5<3548X7594

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 Q \<;X=>:; 4B9649; Bb: 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6 <;X=>:;

8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm =;4>: d=4B>: :; a<B<3V89:; ;b: 649:5<; d=< : 59;8:; ?454

: 3<X:k %,-) 5<8:6<B>4 4_X<54gb: ?454 :=X5: 4BX9?;98fX98: \59;8: >< 4Z54B=_:89X:;<sc^

64; ]7 : 59;8: >< 5<84V>4k #4=>;_<y 5<8:6<B>4 4 64B=X<Bgb:k

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 4 8_:e4?9B4 := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C <;d=9e:35<B94 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: x >:<BX<; [9:_<BX:; < 4Z5<;;9[:;

W !'"+6"% -'< !,%-,+S%,* 6*$!,* x >:<BX<; 8:6 8:6?:5X46<BX:; ;=989>759:; \$"!1U $,%-' !"

%1,-7!,' %" !*!' #"3' <"+'% !1$*+6" K *+'%c x Fq _9B]4 B4 ><?5<;;b: B4 >:<Bg4 >< *45l9B;:B

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^ <n:= >9;_9?9>W694^ >:<BX<; 8:6

>9;3=Bgb: 845>V484

Page 103: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 103/140

 

eGVRI=GOCHI e<_>:i

w [9>4C M]

#<84B9;6:; >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F >4 >:?469B4^ a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; F$

>4 ;<5:X:B9B4 \4=6<BX4 4 >:?469B4^ 5<>=e9B>: <3<9X:; 6:X:5<; < 6<_]:54B>: ;9BX:64;43<8X9[:; < 43<8X9[:;c^ 4Z:B9;X4 ?45894_ >:; 5<8<?X:5<; GSD"$^ 9BX<54gh<; 8:6 GSDF- < GSD"$ s

\48X9[4gb:^ ;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; < 43<8X9[:;c^ GSD"( \;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; Y 4gb: 4B;9:_VX984 <

4BX9><?5<;;9[4c

,B>984gh<;C <;d=9e:35<B94 x5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"c x 64B94 4Z=>4 < 69;X4 B4 >:<Bg4

a9?:_45 \$"c x ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \QHc :=X54; ?;98:;<; x 64B=X<Bgb: a9?:_45

x ><?5<;;b: a9?:_45 x 4_X<54gh<; >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4; ><6oB894; x 4_X<54gh<; ><

8:6?:5X46<BX: B4; 8594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; x 96?=_;9[9>4>< x 5<[<5;b: >: <3<9X:; 6<X4af_98:;

B4 <;d=9e:35<B94 6<>984>4 8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; \QHc

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^

>9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ ,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^

?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<; x *$^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=^k *<539_ _9?V>98: 84>4 H

6<;<;^ ><?:9; 4B=4_6<BX< x )-1; >< 5:X9B4 ;<6 9B>984gb:^ ?<>95 <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9;Xf594

?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8^ 4559X694 845>V484^ )$# 5<8<BX<^ ,- Bb:

8:6?<B;4>4^ 6<>984>:; 8:6 375648:; d=< ?5:_:BZ=<6 : D8

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C Z4B]: >< ?<;: \" 4 FnKc^ ;<>4gb:… \FnKc^ *-6,:*/&'…\.&=4(91+& %&) +&.(. +( 

-LB>L)DM+ B ,1)(#9,4 , +&.(c x X:BX=54;^ ;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49; \" 4 FnKc^ >9;X:B94 \() 

,79,. +&.(.c xB7=;<4^ a:84 ;<84^ 4;X<B94^ 54;]^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4,c^ ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984 x;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ $E- <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4

?;98:;< \4,4&c x #$'3'+.*<"+6' cF- \FnHs^ oF%`>pLB6LL). &1 /4&7&#D,)(#9& ̀ ^LBWL). +(

=,.(3 ),. /,4(%( #2& .(4 c1.9"H"%,+, (.9, /4(&%1/,52&3 #2& +(/(#+(#9( +( +&.(c^ <_<[4gb: >4

?5:_48X9B4 \" 4 FnKc x <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \"nKc x ?594?9;6:

…><?<B><BX< >< >:;<

/:564C 84?; Kt^ Mt < Jt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

Page 104: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 104/140

 

);d=9e:35<B94C uoJbto\buo <.\! \Œ/Q+*c KtjFtt6Zn> \<6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ X:64>4;

•; 5<3<9gh<;c Y Ft^ Kt := Mt6Z Fin>^ 67i96: "tt Fin>k -:6<g45 8:6 Ft6Z Fin>^ 64;

?5:[4[<_6<BX< 6<_]:5 8:6 Kt := Mt6Z Fin>k

+9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:;C MttnJtt6Zn>

(:<Bg4 a9?:_45C Jtj"Mt6Zn> \<6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;c Y 8:6<g45 8:6 Kt6Z Fin>^ B: F~ >94

4=6<BX45 ?454 Mt := Jt6Z Fin>

#=9X:; >:<BX<; X:_<546 =6 rB984 >:;<^ 4: ><9X45

#<_]:5 <3987894 ?454 >:;<; €"Ft6Zn>

.[<5>:;<C 54546<BX< 34X4_^ ;<>4gb:^ [:e 4554;X4>4^ SD$ X54B;9Xf594

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC ?5:_:BZ4 : 9BX<5[4_: D8 649; d=< :=X5:;

4BX9?;98fX98:; x >:<BX<; 8:6 ?5<>9;?:;9gb: 4 ]9?:X<B;b: x ?594?9;6: x <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 59;8:>< ?B<=6:B94 >< 4;?954gb:

-:BX54j9B>984gb: 4a;:_=X4C ;< 6<>984gb: 8:B8:69X4BX< 8:6 375648:; d=< ?5:_:BZ=<6 : D8 x

;< ]i >< ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8^ 4559X694 845>V484^ )$# 5<8<BX<^ ,- Bb: 8:6?<B;4>4

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y [<5 8:BX54j9B>984gh<;

,>:;:; Y X:_<546 6<_]:5 >:;<; 649; a49i4;m =;4>4 B4 4_X<54gb: >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4;

><6oB894;^ 64; Bb: B4 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4 ><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4_Z=B; 84;:; >< ?;98:;< < >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<3548X759:; 4: X54X46<BX:

8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; x !'"+6"% #$"'-1#*!'% -'< .*+4' !" #"%' '1 !'"+6"% P9 '>"%'%

:= 8:6 <i8<;;: >< ?<;: x >:<BX<; 8:6 >94a<X<; x >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;_9?9>W694 \<;?<894_6<BX<

D1c x ?5<g: 649; a49i: d=< :=X5:; 4XV?98:; x a49i4 9B89>oB894 >< )*+ < <_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: 4><;b: 4: <;d=<64 >< F 4>69B9;X54gh<; x Bb: 4><;b: 4

>:;4Z<6 8:6 4 8:69>4

=4B>: >4>:; 4 >:<BX< 8:6 :a<;9>4>< < >9;_9?9>W694 94X5:ZWB984 ?:5 :=X5: 4BX9?;98fX98:^

>:<BX< ?:>< <i?<59<B8945 ?<5>4 >< ?<;: < >969B=9gb: >< D1

#<>:; 48<584 >< ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8 ;b: <i4Z<54>:;^ =64 [<e d=< Bb: ;b: >:;< ><?<B><BX<

< ?:=8:; 375648:; 4=6<BX46 :; BV[<9; >< e9?54;9>:B4 B: ;4BZ=<k

Page 105: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 105/140

 

S4a9X=4_6<BX< 4 >:;< =X9_9e4>4 W ;=aX<54?o=X984 \†"Ft6Zn>c B4 ?57X984 8_VB984

IRGVGVRIeCA 4a9_93_y

w [9>4C IGj{K]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *.'+,%6* #*$-,*3 !'% $"-"#6'$"% OK \4BX9?;98fX98: >< Hq Z<54gb:^

<;X4a9_9e4>:5 >< ]=6:5^ <;X4a9_9e4>:5 >4 >:?469B4c^ 5<>=e 4 _9a<5X4gb: >< >:?469B4 d=4B>:

4; 8:B8<BX54gh<; <;Xb: 4_X4; \5<>=e9B>: :; ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:;c^ 4=6<BX4 4 _9a<5X4gb: ><

>:?469B4 d=4B>: <;Xb: a49i4; \6<_]:54B>: :; ;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:;^ 8:ZB9X9[:; < ]=6:5c^ 4gb:

B:; 5<8<?X:5<; (H^ 4Z:B9;6: ?45894_ LMFbI^ a_:d=<9: LMFKI \6<_]:594 ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; <

8:ZB9X9[:;c

,B>984gh<;C 5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"cx 64B=X<Bgb: >4 <;X4a9_9>4>< B4 <;d=9e:35<B94 x

<*+,* *.1!*( "#,%;!,'% <,%6'% \$"c x64B=X<Bgb: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x !"#$"%%&' >,#'3*$ \$"c

x :=X54; ?;98:;<; x ?<5X 8:6?:5X46<BX: B4; ><6oB894; x ?<5X 8:6?:5X46<BX: <6 8594Bg4; <

4>:_<;8<BX<; x 96?=_;9[9>4>< x a9?:_45 X9?: ,,^ 34;<; ]9?:64BV484;^ 69;X4;^ 898_:; 57?9>:; x

><?5<;;b: 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \8:6: 4>`=[4BX<c x ?<5X 4B;9<>4>< x "%X1,U'0$"+,*

5*!P1+6' +* $"%,%6?+-,* m -3'U*#,+*8 W $":"$%&' !' "0",6'% <"6*>;3,-'% +* "%X1,U'0$"+,*

<"!,-*!* -'< '16$'% *+6,#%,-;6,-'% \$Fc

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \"nK^ /&4 ,1.?#%", +( ,%9"8"+,+( ,7H,:3 Z:3 E:c^

4,#'6"+%&' '$6'%696,-* \=7&J1("& ,7H, :c x 9B;fB94 x B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ *-6,:*/&'… \ /&+( .(4

4(+1C"+& 4(+1C"#+& , +&.( &1 %&)(5,#+& %&) 1), +&.( )(#&43 /&4 ,D&#".)& O-c^ *-*67%,* 

\,D&#".9, /,4%",7 O-c^ ;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49; \" 4 FnKc x Z4B]: >< ?<;: \" 4 FnKc x

:a;X9?4gb:^ 8<34_<94;^ 4;X<B94^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; \4,4&c^

8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ $E- <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4 ?;98:;< \4,4&c^ <_<[4gb: >4

?5:_48X9B4 \"nKc x <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \"nKc

…><?<B><BX< >< >:;<

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^

>9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ ,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^

?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<; x *$^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ ?<539_ _9?V>98: 84>4

H 6<;<;^ ><?:9; 4B=4_6<BX<

/:56=_4gh<;C ;:_ :54_ "6Zn6'^ ;:_ 9B`<8 I^G6Zn6'^ 8? "t6Z < "G6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "GjHt6Zn>

);d=9e:35<B94 5<89>9[4;C boJgo<.\! \Œ/Q+*c

Page 106: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 106/140

 

,B98945 8:6 "t 4 "G6Z^ 67i96: Ht6Zn>k /5<d=<BX<6<BX< >:<BX< Bb: 4Z=>:; ?:><6

B<8<;;9X45 >< >:;<; 6<B:5<; \F^Gj"t6Zn>c ?454 <[9X45 484XV;94 < 48X9[4gb:

#=>4Bg4 >< =6 4BX9?;98fX98: ?454 459?9?54e:_C >:;< 67i964 >< 459?9?54e:_ } >:;< ><

64B=X<Bgb: >: 4BX9?;98fX98: >=54BX< H 4 K ;<64B4;^ ><?:9; 5<>=gb: _<BX4

+:a5<>:;4Z<6C ;<Z=5:

+=;?<B;b:C M 4 J ;<64B4;

,BX<54gh<;C 6<X4a:_9e4gb: -z*F(M < H$K

N3'U*#,+*Q *$,#,#$*U'3C 5<>=gb: "Gu >:; BV[<9; >< 8_:e4?9B4

Š

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC ]9?:X<B;b: < 59;8: >< ?B<=6:B94 >< 4;?954gb:m

8=9>4>: B4 <?9_<?;94

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 59;8: >< ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984

,>:;:; Y 4`=;X< >< >:;< Bb: B<8<;;759:

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:^ 64; ?45<8< ;<5 <3984e < ;<Z=5: <6 >:;<;

a49i4;

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4_Z=B; 84;:; >< ?;98:;< < >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 5<3548X759:; 4: X54X46<BX:

8:6 :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; x >:<BX<; ?5<:8=?4>:; 8:6 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: < >:<BX< 8:6

<i8<;;: >< ?<;: := :a<;:; x >:<BX<; 8:6 >94a<X<; x >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;_9?9>W694 \;:a5<X=>: D1c

x >:<BX<; 8:6 B<8<;;9>4>< >< ,+7-,' $9#,!' !" */&' *+6,#%,-;6,-* %"< 6,613*/&' x >:<BX<; d=<

d=<5<6 <[9X45 ;<>4gb: x ?5<g: 6:><54>: x ?<539_ >< X:_<54a9_9>4><

O"%:*+6*."+% #'6"+-,*,%_ !'"+6"% "< X1" * %"!*/&' S !"%"P*!* x 649; >93V89_ >< >:;<45 <6

8594Bg4;^ 9>:;:; < =X9_9e4gh<; :33 _4a<_

IaG==BAVRGOI 469X5<i^ ;:894B

w [9>4C "F]

Page 107: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 107/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *.'+,%<' #*$-,*3 OK \a_:d=<94 5<8<?X:5<; (F ?5Wj;9B7?X98:; <6 a49i4;

>:;<;^ a_:d=<94 5<8<?X:5<; (F ?f;j;9B7?X98:; <6 4_X4; >:;<; 5<>=e9B>: 4 5<;?:;X4 ><

>:?469B4 d=4B>: 4; 8:B8<BX54gh<; >< >:?469B4 <;Xb: 4=6<BX4>4; < 4=6<BX4B>: : :=X?=X

>< >:?469B4 d=4B>: <;Xb: >969B=V>4;k *45<8< ;<5 <*,% *+6*.'+,%6* OK X1" ' *$,#,#$*U'3^ 64;

6<B:; d=< :; 4BX9?;98fX98:; 8:B[<B89:B49;k Q_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<; (Hk $: 8:BX5759: >< :=X5:;

4BX9?;98fX98:;^ +&' 6"< */["% #'6"+6"% +'% $"-"#6'$"% !* %"$'6'+,+*k

,B>984gh<;C <;d=9e:35<B94^ 4Z=>4 x 5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$"c x %,+6'<*% +".*6,:'% !*

"%X1,U'0$"+,* \$"c x !,%6,<,* x ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \Fq _9B]4c x "%X1,U'0$"+,*

5*!P1+6' +* $"%,%6?+-,* m -3'U*#,+*8 

D<;X<;C ]9;Xf594 ?<;;:4_ := 3469_945 >< >94a<X<;^ :a<;9>4><^ >9;_9?9>W694^ SD$^ >:<Bg4

845>9:[4;8=_45^ :aX<5 ?<5V6<X5: 4a>:69B4_^ ,#-^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ ?<539_ _9?V>98: x ,#- 84>4 H

6<;<;^ ><?:9; KnK 6<;<;^

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 4,#"$#$'3*-6,+"<,*  \KnKc^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94 x 4=6<BX: >: 59;8: ><>94a<X<; < >9;_9?9>W694 \()=&4, #2& <,c, (.91+&. %&) ,)1..17/4"+(c^ 9B;fB94^ ;<>4gb: \" 4

HssnKc^ %,+6'<*% "26$*#,$*<,!*,% \FnKc^ *.,6*/&'^ 4B;9<>4><^ :a;X9?4gb:^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^

>9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4&c^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^

?5:_:BZ46<BX: >: 9BX<5[4_: D8 …\"nH^ +(/(#+(#9( +( +&.(3 .&=4(91+& , /,49"4 QLL)DM+ c^

4=6<BX: >: 59;8: >< 6:5X< < 489><BX<; 8W5<a5:j[4;8=_45<; <6 9>:;:; 8:6 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 4

><6oB894 x <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \"nKc

…><?<B><BX< >< >:;<

/:564C ;:_ :54_C Gt6Zn"t6' 8?C Gt^ Ftt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

);d=9e:35<B94C KttjJtt6Zn> <6 F >:;<;^ ?:><j;< 8:6<g45 8:6 <;X4; >:;<;k

=,+6'<*% +".*6,:'%_ LoJgoo<.\!

(9;X9694C Gt6Zn>

>:;<; 48964 >< Ktt6Z ><[<6 ;<5 >9[9>9>4; <6 F X:64;k #7i96: "Ftt6Zn>k

.[<5>:;<C ;<>4gb:^ 8:64^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC 4a;X9BoB894 7_8::_ := <?9_<?;94^ ?:5d=< >969B=9 :

_96945 8:B[=_;9[: x ?4545 ;< ;9B49; >< ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; x a54>9875>94 :=

375648:; a54>9845>9e4BX<; \a<X4ja_:d=<4BX<;^ 4BX4Z:B9;X4; >: 87_89:^ 8_:B9>9B4^ >9Z9X7_98:;cx

375648:; d=< 84=;<6 ]9?:l4_9W694 := ]9?:64ZB<;<694 \>9=5WX98:;^ _4i4BX<;^ 8:5X98f9><;kkkc x

>:<Bg4 >< *45l9B;:B := ><6oB894 >:; 8:5?:; >< '<ƒy

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 3<:85:6:89X:64^ X=6:5 ><?<B><BX< >< ?5:_48X9B4^ Z57[9>4; :=

4646<BX4gb:^ 375648:; d=< ?5:_:BZ=<6 : D8^ ]9;Xf594 >< ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8 := 4559X694

845>V484^ )$# 5<8<BX<^ 9B;=3989oB894 845>V484 ><;8:6?<B;4>4^ <6 8594Bg4;^ 4_<5Z94 4

469;;=_?59><

Page 108: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 108/140

 

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

G+%10,-,?+-,* $"+*3 Y ":,6*$m <i85<gb: W 5<B4_^ 4;;96 B4 ,0 Z54[< 4 >:;< ><[< ;<5

>969B=V>4 \Gtu >4 >:;< D/1C HtjMt6_n69Bm HHu >4 >:;< D/1C "tjHt6_n69Bc <

X54X46<BX: 9BX<569X<BX< := 6=>4Bg4 ?454 :=X5: 4BX9?;98fX98: \<[9X45 ?5:_:BZ46<BX:

D8c

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4^ 64; Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<m

09$<*-' I=^ $"-'<"+!*!' \#4=>;_<yc^ Bb: 84=;4 <_<[4gb: >4; <Be964; ]<?7X984;

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 4[4_945 a54>9875>94^ ]9?:l4_9W694^ 4_X<54gh<; D8m =;45 8:6

84=X<_4 <6 4>69B9;X54gb: 8:B8:69X4BX< 8:6 375648:; d=< ?5:>=e46 <;X4; 4_X<54gh<;m

<[9X45 <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ]9;Xf594 8:B]<89>4 >< ?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8^ )$# 5<8<BX<^ ,-

><;8:6?<B;4>4

,>:;:; Y [9>< :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

157[9>4; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: <;X7 Xb: 4;;:894>: 4 4=6<BX: >< ?<;: 8:6: :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; x

>:<BX<; d=< 5<;?:B><6 4:; <3<9X:; 48X9[4>:5<; >4; a49i4; >:;<; d=< 5<>=e<6 :; ;9BX:64;

B<Z4X9[:; < ><?5<;;b: x =;4>4 B4 :?X969e4gb: >: X54X46<BX: >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 5<3548X7594^ 8:6

4 8_:e4?9B4

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 >9398=_>4>< B4 4><;b: 4 =6 <;d=<64 a9>9759: x >:<BX<;

8=`4 <_<[4gb: >4 *0' ?:;;4 Bb: ;<5 ><;<`4>4 \Z57[9>4;^ ?ra<54; 8:6 46<B:55<94^ ?f;j

6<B:?7=;984; d=< Bb: X:646 <;X5:ZWB9:;c x >:<BX<; 8:6 9B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Z54[<

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;<^ ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4 ?;98:;< \<3987894 X<6 ;9>:

a<6 ><6:B;X54>4c^ ;9BX:64; ><?5<;;9[:;k

eCFEVGHI e:_<?X9_

/:564C 8? FG^ Gt^ "tt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C IG6Z \<6 H 4>69B9;X54gh<;c 4XW Htt6Z \H4>69B9;X54gh<;c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C .*+4' #"%' \HnKc^ 4,#"$#$'3*-6,+"<,*  \KnKc^ *1<"+6' !' cF- \FnHc…^

;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49; \FnKc^ -'+:13%["% \+")"#1"52& +& 7")",4 %&#817."8&3 .&=4(91+& ()

+&.(. ),"&4(.c^ ;<>4gb:^ 59;8: 845>9:[4;8=_45 ?5:[7[<_^ <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \FnKc

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

Page 109: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 109/140

 

,BX<54gh<;C \6<X4a:_9e4gb: [94 -z*"$Fc

/_=[:i469B4C 5<>=gb: >: _96945 8:B[=_;9[:

E:,6*$ +'% !'"+6"% -'< "#,3"#%,*k

aEAVERCHI a=B9_

/:564C 8? FG^ Gt6Z

*:;:_:Z94C FGjFtt6Z <6 " 4 H 4>69B9;X54gh<;

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; \FnKc

=ERFGHOCA ;<5>:_<8X

/:564C 8? K^ "F^ "M6Z

*:;:_:Z94C "F 4 Ft6Zn>

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; \"nKc^ Z4B]: ?<;: \FnKc^ ;<>4gb: \"nKc^ <_<[4gb: >4

?5:_48X9B4 \" 4 FnKc^ *1<"+6' !' cF- \HnHc^ <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \"nKc^

]XX?Cnn?;y8]:?]45648:_:Zy9B;X9X=X<k8:6n4BX9?;y8]:X98;n395;XjZ<B<54X9:Bj4BX9?;y8]:X98;n

Page 110: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 110/140

 

$%D,*+,-TD,-.+ DA*,-.+

MIACVERGOCA ]4_>:_ \a=X95:3<B:B4c 4_X4 ?:XoB894

w [9>4C :54_ "FjHJ ]:54; x ><84B:4X: 8k H ;<64B4;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F^ 9B9a< 5<8<?X:5<; 4_34j" 4>5<BW5Z98:;

,B>984gh<;C 64B93<;X4gh<; >4; ?<5X=5a4gh<; ?;98fX984; \:54_^ ><?:Xc x <?9;f>9: 4Z=>: >4

<;d=9e:35<B94 \$Fc \*+6,#%,-;6,-'% !" *36* #'6?+-,* <*,% "0,-*U"% +' "#,%;!,' *.1!:cx

5<89>9[4; >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 \$Fc x X98 < 8:?5:_7_94 B4 >:<Bg4 >< D:=5<XX< xX54X46<BX: >< Fq

_9B]4 >< ?5:a_<64; Z54[<; >4 ]9?<5i89X4a9_9>4>< x X54X46<BX: >4; 8594Bg4; ]9?<548X9[4;^ 8=5X:j

?54e:^ X54X46<BX: >< Fq _9B]4 x X54X46<BX: >< >:<BX<; 8:6 <;d=9e:35<B94 d=< 5<d=<5<6

X54X46<BX: 4 _:BZ: ?54e: 8:6 ><?:X x <*+,* #%,-;6,-* +* !'"+/* >,#'3*$ \$Fcx 4_X<54gh<; >:

8:6?:5X46<BX: <6 ><6oB894; x !"3,$,1< \8:6 _:54e<?46c

D<;X<;C ,#-^ Z_98<694

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C %7+!$'<" !"0,-,69$,' ,+!1U,!' #"3'% +"1$'3S#6,-'%^ *-*67%,* \),".

 H4(J1(#9( #&. Pkl3 94,9,)(#9&A /4&/4,#&7&7 ^LBmL)DM+ !G>@; =(#C&+",C(/"#,. !G^@3

,#9"%&7"#*4D"%& &1 ,#9"<".9,)$#"%& !G>@3 8"9,)"#, qW !G>@3 94,C&+&#, !G>@@ ^ ;9BX:64;

"26$*#,$*<,!*,%  \>M>; .&=4(91+& %&) +&.(. ,%"), +( ^BW)D; `p36)DM+ c^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^

!,%-,+S%,* 6*$!,* \"#%"+?#%", ,#1,7 ^B6_ /(7& )(#&. #&. /4")("4&. 6 ,#&.3 4".%& 4(+1C )1"9&

,/0. :6 +( 94,9,)(#9& %&) #(14&7*/9"%&.; 94,9,)(#9& .1=.9"91"4 /&4 %7&C,/"#, &1 J1(9",/"#,

!G>@3 ,+c18,#9(. %&)& 8"9 j !G>@3 j.9")17,52& %(4(=4,7 /4&H1#+, !G>@3 jGF !G>@3 /,7"+&9&)",

!G>@3 9&+,. ,. &194,. "#9(48(#5e(. (.91+,+,. .() (8"+?#%", !N@c^ >9;X:B94 X45>94^ Z4_48X:55<94^

46<B:55<94^ X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594^ [9;b: X=5[4^

>969B=9gb: >4 ;=>4gb:^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ X4d=9845>94^ SD$^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnK^ ,#9"/."%09"%&. +(

,79, /&9?#%", )(7<&4(. #&. /,4h)(94&. )(9,=07"%&. J1( +( =,"K, /&9?#%",c^ *1<"+6' !' cF- r 

\KnK 3 .&=4(91+& Ur`-)DM+ c^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&3 )(#&4 4".%& +&. Pklc^ 98X<5V894^ 4Z54B=_:89X:;< :=

_<=8:?WB94 \4,4&c^ 59;8: >< 6:5X< < <[<BX:; 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45<;s^ 4_:?W894^ %7+!$'<" <*3,.+'

!'% +"1$'3S#6,-'% !4,4& n:_3 %7$#"%,A H(=4(3 4"D"+(C3 +".9&#",3 "#.9,="7"+,+( ,19&#0)"%,3

+(7"4"1)3 ,1) Gi3 )"&D71="#14",3 7(1%&%"9&.(3 ,1) (#C"),. <(/I9"%,3 +")"#1"52& +& N(;

 H,%9&4(. +( 4".%&A ,D"9,52& ,D1+,3 "+,+( c&8()3 ),.%17"#&3 +&(#5, #(14&70D"%, /4*8",3 +&(#5,

 H$."%,3 +(."+4,9,52&3 4I/"+, 9"917,52& +, +&.(3 ,#9"/."%09"%&. +( ,79, /&9?#%",3 /4(/,4,5e(. UZ;

94,9,)(#9&A .1./(#.2& ")(+",9,3 4(<"+4,9,52&3 %&44(52& +, H(=4( ( ,%"+&.(3 jGF !G>@ ( =C+.(D14&.3 4("#94&+1C"4 #(14&7*/9"%&. `- .(),#,. !G>@3 1.,#+& =,"K,. +&.(. +( Pkl =,"K,

Page 111: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 111/140

 

 /&9?#%", &1 PRl +(8( .(4 9"917,+&. D4,+1,7)(#9(3 +(8() .(4 )&#"9&4"C,+&.3 &=9(#52& +&

%&#.(#9")(#9& "#H&4),+&c

… >:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C 8? "^ F^ G^ "t 6Z x ;:_ :54_ F6Zn6' x %'3 ,+P L<.\<A x ><?:X Gt6Zn6' < "tt6Zn6'

*:;:_:Z94C

);d=9e:35<B94 \:54_cC Hj"G6Zn> Y 9B98945 "j"G6Zn>^ ?:>< ;<5 >4>: " [<e ?:5 >94 :=

[759:; 4: >94k #7i96: "tt6Zn>k (:;<; a49i4; >< ]4_:?<59>:_ 5gJ~(L<.\!8 ?45<8<6 X<5

4 6<;64 <3987894 d=< 4XV?98:; B:; ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; < B<Z4X9[:; >4 );d=9e:35<B94

\;<6 4gb: B:; ;9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; < 8:ZB9X9[:;c d=< >:;<; 4_X4; \€I^Gj"G6Zn>ck b€

"#,%;!,' K<.\! 5‚@h=VL<.\!8m $"-,!,:* ƒ]<.\!

I.,6*/&' *%%'-,*!* * !"3,$,1< \4Z<BX< >< "q _9B]4cC :54_ t^G 4 "6Z Fin>^ >:;<;

4>989:B49; 4 84>4 K ]:54; ;< B<8<;;759: \?98: >< <3<9X: KjM]c x 9B`<8gb: ,#C t^Gj"6Z^5<?<X95 ;< B<8<;;759: 84>4 HtjMt69B \?98: >< <3<9X: FtjKt69Bc^ >:;<; ;=a;<d=<BX<;

?:><6 ;<5 >4>4; 4 84>4 ]:54

(<?:X \84>4 K ;<64B4;cC >:;< 9B9894_ ><[< ;<5 "t 4 "G [<e<; ;=?<59:5 4 >:;< :54_ ?454

>:<BX<; 64BX9>:; 8:6 >:;<; a49i4; >< 4BX9?;98fX98: \4XW : <d=9[4_<BX< 4 "t6Zn> :54_k

*454 >:<BX<; ;:a >:;<; 649:5<;^ 4 >:;< 9B9894_ ?:>< ;<5 Fti 4 >:;< ?5W[94 :54_^ 67i96:

"tt6Zk +< 649:5 d=< "tt6Z : 5<;X: >4 >:;< ?:>< ;<5 4>69B9;X54>4 H 4 I >94; ><?:9;k

Œ/Q+* b€%1$6'_ LoJboo<. W <136,J"#,%;!,' booJKoo<. ]\] %"<*+*% 

.[<5>:;<C ?:>< ;<5 34X4_^ ;9BX:64; <iX54j?95469>49;^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ ;<>4gb:^ ><?5<;;b:5<;?954Xf594^ 8]:d=<

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC ;< ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^

><;8:BX9B=45 x 8=9>4>: B4; >:<Bg4; 5<;?954Xf594; x <[9X45 <i?:;9gb: <iX5<64 4: 84_:5 x

B<=5:X:i989>4>< ><;859X4 B4 X95:X:i989>4>< x *45l9B;:B < '<ƒy

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C 8:64 := ><?5<;;b: +%- x >:<Bg4 >< *45l9B;:B x 4_<5Z94 4:

]4_:?<59>:_

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:m 09$<*-' IV^ #$"0"$,!' +* GRN^ >:;<

FjM6Zn> \#4=>;_<ycm 09$<*-' !" "%-'34* +* GM >:;< a49i4 

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y 59;8: >< ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984

,>:;:; Y B<B]=6 4Z<BX< 4?5:[4>: ?454 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 • ><oB894 x =;45 8:6

84=X<_4 =64 [<e d=< 4XV?98:; 4=6<BX46 : 59;8: >< 6:5X< < >:<Bg4 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45 <6

9>:;:; 8:6 ?;98:;< 4;;:894>4 • ><6oB894

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y 9B98945 t^G6Zn>m >:;< 4_[: t^tGjtk"G6ZnlZn> ?454 ?;98:;<;m

t^tGjt^tIG 6ZnlZn> <6 ?<5X=5a4gh<; Bb: ?;98fX984;k L Fq _9B]4 ><?:9; >:; 4XV?98:;

Page 112: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 112/140

 

157[9>4; j 84X<Z:594 - \4_Z=B; <;X=>:; 4B9649; 6:;X54546 <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;^ ;<6

<;X=>:; 8:BX5:_4>:; <6 ]=64B:;cm Bb: ><[< ;<5 =;4>: B: "~ X596<;X5<m ><3:569>4><;

B:; 6<6a5:; \64; 59;8: W 6=9X: a49i:c^ ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49;^ 98X<5V894kkkk

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 3:56=_4gb: 9BX546=;8=_45 ?454 ;9X=4gh<; >< <6<5ZoB894 x 3:56=_4gb:

><?:X ?454 Bb: 4><;b: x 5<;?:B><>:5<; >< >:;<; a49i4; ?:><6 X<5 =64 <3987894 B:; ;9BX:64;

B<Z4X9[:; < ?:;9X9[:; 8:6?457[<_ 4:; 4XV?98:; x a49i: 8=;X:^ <3<8X9[: x <"+'% %"!*6,:' d=<

:=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; 8:B[<B89:B49;^ <;?<894_6<BX< 4; 3<B:X94e9B4; >< a49i4 ?:XoB894 x =;4>:

B: X54X46<BX: >: ><_959=6^ Z<54_6<BX< <6 8:6a9B4gb: 8:6 _:54e<?46 \>:;<; >< ]4_:?<59>:_

Fi 649:5<; d=< >< _:54e<?46c x %".1$' +* "#,3"#%,* 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >9;89BW;94 X45>94 := 4d=<_<; d=< d=<5<6 <[9X45 >9;89BW;94 X45>94 :=

;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; x ?:?=_4gh<; [=_B<57[<9; 8:6: 8594Bg4; := 9>:;:; x >:<BX<; 8:6

;9BX:64; 8:ZB9X9[:; < >: ]=6:5 64584>:;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;< x 8:6?:5X46<BX: [9:_<BX: := 4Z5<;;9[:

VGaCeGOI :54? 3:5X< \>93<B9_a=X9_?9?<59>9B4c 4_X4 ?:XoB894

,B>984gh<;C ;=?5<;;b: >< X98; 6:X:5<; < 3fB98:; <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ;VB>5:6< >< D:=5<XX< d=<

Bb: 5<;?:B><546 ;4X9;34X:5946<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: ?4>5b: \Fq _9B]4c x ?<5X=5a4gh<; ?;98fX984;

<6 >:<BX<; d=< Bb: 5<;?:B><546 ;4X9;34X:5946<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: ?4>5b: \Fq 4 Hq _9B]4c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 484XV;94^ ;9BX:64;

<iX54?95469>49; \FnKc^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^

;<>4gb: \FnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ [9;b: X=5[4^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKc^

?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8…

…>:;< ><?<B><BX<

/:564C 8? K6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

†"t6Zn>

-:6<g45 8:6 "jF6Zn> <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 4 >:;< 84>4 F >94;

,BX<54gh<;C 9B9a9>:5<; -z*KGt H$K \3_=:i<X9B4^ ;<5X54_9B4^ 3_=[:i469B4^ B<34e:>:B4^ ;=6: ><

=[4c } ?96:e9>< Š

Page 113: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 113/140

 

@ABVEHFGDCA 3_=4Bi:_ \X9:i4BX<B:;c a49i4n6W>94 ?:XoB894

w [9>4C :54_ H 4 J ]:54; x ><?:X "I >94; \8:6 >:;<; 6r_X9?_4;c

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: (F

,B>984gh<;C );d=9e:35<B94 x (<?5<;;b: \a49i4; >:;<;c x :=X54; ?;98:;<; x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ ;9BX:64;

"26$*#,$*<,!*,%  \),". %&)1) #& "#$%"& +& 94,9,)(#9&c \HnKc^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4".%& ,1)(#9&

%&) , +&.( ( +14,52& +& 94,9,)(#9&c^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^ 9B;fB94^ *.,6*/&'^ ;<>4gb:

\FnKc^ X4d=9845>94^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ ]9?:64B94^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; \4,4&c^

-'+:13%["% \4,4&c^ 98X<5V894^ 4Z54B=_:89X:;< := _<=8:?WB94 \4,4&c^ 59;8: >< 6:5X< < <[<BX:;

8<5<a5:[4;8=_45<; s

/:564C 8? H6Z x ><?:X Ft6Zn6' < "tt6Zn6'

*:;:_:Z94C

.54_ Y H 4 M 6Zn> <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4; Y 8:6<g45 "6Z Hin>^ 4=6<BX45 "6Z 84>4 FjH

>94;k #7i96: "J6Zn>

(<?:XC Ktj"Ft6Z 84>4 " 4 K ;<64B4; Y 8:6<g45 8:6 Ft6Z <6 >:<BX<; [95Z<B; ><

4BX9?;98fX98:; := _:Z: Kt6Zk $?f; K 4 "t >94;^ >45 =64 >:;< 4>989:B4_ >< Ft6Zk

#7i96: Ftt6Z 84>4 " 4 K ;<64B4;k \?98: 345648:89BWX98: 4?f; I 4 "t >94; < >:;<;

Xo6 >< ;<5 4>69B9;X54>4; 84>4 F 4 H ;<64B4;ck Œ/Q+*C b€ %1$6' KoJ]o( <136,J"#,%;!,'

KoJboo<. K\K '1 g\g %"<*+*%

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC ;< ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^

><;8:BX9B=45 x 8=9>4>: B4 4a;X9BoB894 >< 7_8::_ < <?9_<?;94^ ?:5d=< >969B=9 : _96945

8:B[=_;9[:x <6 <?9_W?X98:;^ "tjFt6Z 84>4 F ;<64B4; x =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: := Bb: =;45 B:

*45l9B;:B < '<ƒy < 45X<59:;8_<5:;< x <[9X45 <i?:;9gb: <iX5<64 4: 84_:5

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C ;< >:;< 8:B8:69X4BX< >< ]9?BfX98: <6 >:;< Z54B>< x ;<

><?5<;;b: +%- x 8:64 := _<;b: 8<5<a54_ x >9;854;94 ]<6:557Z984 x 3<:85:6:89X:64 x _<;b:

]<?7X984 x >:<Bg4 845>9:[4;8=_45 Z54[< x ,0 x 9B;=3989oB894 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y =;45 6<X4>< := 6<B:; >4 >:;< ]4a9X=4_ x "t 4 Ft6Z 84>4 F

;<64B4;

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y =;45 6<X4>< := 6<B:; >4 >:;< ]4a9X=4_

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y =;45 6<X4>< := 6<B:; >4 >:;< ]4a9X=4_

,>:;:; Y [9>< ]4_:?<59>:_ x ,# 9B9894_ G6Z x :54_ 6<X4>< >4 >:;<

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

157[9>4; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

Page 114: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 114/140

 

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: 4><;b:

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 8594Bg4;^ 9>:;:;^ >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;89BW;94 X45>94 x ?:>< 48X9[45

>:<BX<; 64BV48:; x 6<B:; ;<>4gb: < ]9?:X<B;b: :5X:;X7X984 64; 649; ;9BX:64;<iX54?95469>49; d=< :=X5:; 8:B[<B89:B49;

eBNACVEHFGDCA 89;:5>9B:_ \X9:i4BX<B:;c a49i4n6W>94 ?:XoB894

w [9>4C :54_ Ft]m 48<X4X: HF ]:54;^ ><84B:4X: "IjF" >94;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F

,B>984gh<;C <;d=9e:35<B94 4Z=>4 x X54X46<BX: 64B=X<Bgb: <;d=9e:35<B94 x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x

4Z5<;;b:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; "26$*#,$*<,!*,%  \),". %&)1) #& "#$%"& +& 94,9,)(#9&c \HnKc^

?45l9B;:B9;6:^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4".%& ,1)(#9& %&) , +&.( ( +14,52& +& 94,9,)(#9&c^

?594?9;6:^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^ ?5:a_<64; >< [9;b:^ '#*-,!*!" !' -$,%6*3,+' \4,4&c^

X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \HnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc ^ ;VB>5:6<

4Z54B=_:89X:;< \4,4&c^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 59;8: >< 6:5X< < <[<BX:; 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45<; s^

;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; \4,4&c^ +"16$'#S+,* \4,4&c^ ><?5<;;b: 5<;?954Xf594 \4,4&c^

/:564C 8? "t^ FG6Z x ><?:X Ftt6Zn6' x ><?:X 48=X45> Gt6Zn6'

*:;:_:Z94C

.54_ FtjMt6Zn> Y 8:6<g45 "tj"G6Zn> <6 >:;<; >9[9>9>4;^ 4=6<BX45 "t 4 Ft6Z 84>4 F

4 H >94;k (:;< 67i964 "tt6Zn>

$8=X45>C Gtj"Gt6Z 84>4 F 4 H >94; Y 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:><6 B<8<;;9X45 >< =64

;<Z=B>4 >:;< FK 4 KJ ] ><?:9;k $ >=54gb: Bb: ><[< <i8<><5 4; F ;<64B4; < >:;<

67i964 8=6=_4X9[4 4; Ktt6Z^ Br6<5: 67i96: >< 9B`<gh<; Bb: ><[< <i8<><5 4; Kk

\9BV89: >< 4gb: FjK ]:54;^ >=54gb: FjH >94;c

(<?:XC "GtjHtt6Z 84>4 F 4 K ;<64B4; Y >:;< 9B9894_ "tt6Zm 4?f; " 4 K ;<64B4;

4>969B9;X545 =64 ;<Z=B>4 9B`<8gb: >< "tt 4 Ftt6Zk D54X46<BX: >< 64B=X<Bgb: W

Z<54_6<BX< "ttjMtt6Z 84>4 " 4 K ;<64B4;k \?98: >< 4gb: K 4 { >94;c 4>69B9;X545 84>4

F 4 H ;<64B4;k Œ/Q+*C b€ %1$6' booJKoo<.` <136,J"#,%;!,' KooJ]oo<. K\K * ]\]

%"<*+*%

.[<5>:;<C ;<>4gb:^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49;^ 8:64^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ 8]:d=<

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 5<_4X9[4; \?5<84=gh<;cC ;< ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^

><;8:BX9B=45 x 8=9>4>: B4 <?9_<?;94^ Z_4=8:64^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594 x Bb: 8:6a9B45 ><84B:4X:

8:6 8_:e4?9B4 ?:5 59;8: >< B<=X5:?WB94 x ;=?5<;;b: >: 5<3_<i: >4 X:;;< ?:>< ?5:[:845 4;39i94 x

Page 115: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 115/140

 

8=9>4>: *45l9B;:B < ><6oB894 >< '<ƒy x :a;<5[45 ;9B49; >< 5<X9B:?4X94 < ><?f;9X:; >4 8f5B<4

x <[9X45 <i?:;9gb: <iX5<64 4: 84_:5 < ;:_45 9BX<B;4

-:BX54j9B>984gh<; 4a;:_=X4;C ;< >:;< 8:B8:69X4BX< >< ]9?BfX98: x 375648: Z=4B<X9>9B4 x ;<

><?5<;;b: +%- x 9BX:i984gb: 7_8::_^ a45a9Xr598: := :?9f9>< x Z_4=8:64 >< pBZ=_:j3<8]4>: x

3<:85:6:89X:64 x >9;854;94 ]<6:557Z984 x _<;b: ]<?7X984 x Z54[9><e

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ < ]<?7X984 Y =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:

,>:;:; Y :; >:<BX<; ?:><6 X:_<545 6<_]:5 >:;<; 649; a49i4; x 67i96: >:;< ><

48<X4X: "tt6Z x[9>< ]4_:?<59>:_

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y <;X=>: 4a<5X: 6:;X5:= d=< : :54_ ?:>< 5<>=e95 4Z45<;;9[9>4>< <6 >Wa<9;

157[9>4; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: 4><;b: \><84B:4X:c^ ?:>< 5<>=e95 : 59;8: >< 5<89>9[4 649; d=<

:=X5:; ><?:X; 8:B[<B89:B49; x ><?:X 8:6 6<B:; <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; d=< :=X5:; >< "q x

=;: <6 =5ZoB894; \48<X4X:c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 8594Bg4;^ 9>:;:;^ >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;89BW;94 X45>94

@AB@EHIeGHI 4B4X<B;:_ \0"+'6,*U,+* j ?9?<54e9B4c 4_X4 ?:XoB894

w [9>4C ><?:XjI 4 "t >94;k ,BV89: >< 4gb: FKjIF ]:54;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F^ 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:

,B>984gh<;C ?<5X=5a4gh<; ?;98fX984; x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 484XV;94^ ?594?9;6:^;9BX:64; "26$*#,$*<,!*,%  \),". %&)1) #& "#$%"& +& 94,9,)(#9&c \KnKc^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^

>9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4".%& ,1)(#9& %&) , +&.( ( +14,52& +& 94,9,)(#9&c^ Z4_48X:55<94^

46<B:55<94^ X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \FnKc x <3<9X:; *+6,-'3,+S$.,-'%C a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^

5<X<Bgb: =59B7594^ [9;b: X=5[4^ >969B=9gb: >4 ;=>4gb: x ><?5<;;b:^ !,%01+/&' %"21*3

\+")"#1"52& +, (K%"9,52&c^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ X4d=9845>94^ ;VB8:?<^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \FnKck

/:564C ><?:X FG6Zn6'^ " 46?:_4 >< "6'

*:;:_:Z94C

Page 116: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 116/140

 

(<?:XC "F^GjFG6Z B4 >:;< 9B9894_m >:;<; ;=a;<d=<BX<; < 9BX<5[4_:; 6<>94>: ?<_4

5<;?:;X4 >: >:<BX<m Z<54_6<BX< Bb: 649; d=< Gt6Z <6 9BX<5[4_:; Bb: 649:5<; d=< K

;<64B4;k Œ/Q+*C b€ %1$6' t(KLJg~(L<.` <136,J"#,%;!,' bK(LJLo<. K\K * ]\] %"<*+*% 

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: 4><;b: \><84B:4X:c x =;: <6 =5ZoB894; \><84B:4X:c

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 8594Bg4;^ 9>:;:;^ >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;89BW;94 X45>94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;< x ]9?<548X9[9>4>< 4=X:Bf6984 := 6:X:54 x

8:6?:5X46<BX: [9:_<BX: := 4Z5<;;9[:

*W5:_4;C W =64 3<B:X94e9B4 >< 4_X4 ?:XoB894 x <"+'$ $,%-' !" %"!*/&' " 4,#'6"+%&' '$6'%696,-*

<*% <*,'$ ' $,%-' !" %,+6'<*% "26$*#,$*<,!*,% !' X1" -'< 0"+'6,*U,+*% !" >*,2* #'6?+-,* x

Bb: 6:;X5:= ;<5 <3984e <6 ?5:a_<64; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; B: 4X54;: 6<BX4_ x >:<BX<; Xo6

5<;?:;X4; 6=9X: ;969_45<; 4:; XV?98:;^ 4: 8:BX5759: >:; 4XV?98:; :B>< 4 [4594gb: B4 5<;?:;X4 ><

84>4 4BX9?;98fX98: W 649:5

VER@EHIeGHI <6 4;;:894gb: 8:6 469X59?X9_9B4 Y #=X4a:B \0"+'6,*U,+* j ?9?<54e9B4c

6:><54>4n4_X4 ?:XoB894

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: (Fm4X54[W; a_:d=<9: S"^ 8:_9BW5Z98: #" < (F B: 8<BX5: >:

[f69X: 5<>=e [f69X: < B7=;<4

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 484XV;94^ ;9BX:64;<iX54?95469>49; \F 4 KnKsc^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^ X:BX=54;^

;<>4gb: \HnKc^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594^ [9;b: X=5[4^ >969B=9gb: >4 ;=>4gb:^

>9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \+")"#1"52& +, (K%"9,52&c^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ X4d=9845>94^ ;VB8:?<^ .*+4' !" #"%' 

\HnKc

/:564C 8? Mt&

#=X4a:B #C "t6Z } F6Z #=X4a:B /C FG6Z } K6Z

#=X4a:B (C FG6Z } F6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

*;98:;<C "FjFK6Zn>

%7=;<4;^ [f69X:;C Jj"M6Zn>

FGIVRGOE X94?59>4_

Page 117: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 117/140

 

/:564C 8? "tt6Z x ;:_ 9B` "tt6ZnF6'

*:;:_:Z94C FttjKtt6Zn> <6 F 4 H 4>69B9;X54gh<; \>:;< 67i964 "Ftt6Zn>c^ B: 9>:;: Gt 4

"tt6Zn>

=BAVGRGOI >:Z64X9_^ >:Z64X9_ 3:5X<

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: >:; 5<8<?X:5<; (F^ a_:d=<94 :; 5<8<?X:5<; (H < (K \6<B:5<;

<3<9X:; <iX54?95469>49;c^ d=< ?:>< 8:BX59a=95 ?454 4; 4gh<; >: ;=_?959><^ ?:;;9[<_6<BX<

a_:d=<94 :; 4=X:5<8<?X:5<; (F 649; ?:X<BX<6<BX< <6 a49i4; >:;<; \<[<BX=4_ 4Z:B9;6:

?45894_ >4 >:?469B4c^ d=< ?:>< X<:59846<BX< 6<_]:545 :; ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; >4

<;d=9e:35<B94 4;;96 8:6: >4 ><?5<;;b:

,B>984gh<;C <;d=9e:35<B94 \X46aW6 8:6: 4>`=BX: B4 5<;9;XoB894 • 8_:e4?9B4c x ><?5<;;b:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; \FnKc^ 484XV;94^ x <_<[4gb: >4 ?5:_48X9B4 \KnKc^

Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^ X:BX=54;^ ;<>4gb: \" 4 HssnKc^ >9;Xr5a9:; >: ;:B:^ 8<34_<94;^

4_X<54gb: >4 8:B8<BX54gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 4B:5<i94^ 96?:XoB894^

>9;89BW;94 X45>94 \4,4&c^ ]9?:64B94 \4,4&c^ ?4_?9X4gh<;^ SD$^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \F 4 HsnKc^ <3<9X:;

<iX54j?95469>49; \FnKc^ ;VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; \4,4&c^ 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c^ 59;8: ><

6:5X< < <[<BX:; 8<5<a5:[4;8=_45<;^ <3<9X:; 4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; \"nKc^

/:564C 8?

*:;:_:Z94C 8? Gt^ Ftt6Z

);d=9e:35<B94C KttjJtt6Zn> <6 F >:;<; Y 4XW FKtt6Zn>

+9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; ?5:<69B<BX<;C GtjHtt6Zn>

(<?5<;;b:C "GtjHtt6Zn>

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; <6 4_Z=B; ?489<BX<; x %".1$' +* "#,3"#%,* 

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; d=< Bb: X:_<546 ;<>4gb: <6 >:;<; 649:5<; x >:<BX<; 8:6>9;3=Bgb: 5<B4_ Z54[<

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ;9BX:64; ?:;9X9[:; < B<Z4X9[:; x 3=B89:B46<BX: 8:ZB9X9[: x ;9BX:64;

><?5<;;9[:; x ;9BX:64; 4Z5<;;9[:;

*W5:_4;C >:;<; 6<B:5<; ;b: 649; 48X9[4>:54;^ >:;<; 649:5<; ;b: 649; ;<>4X9[4; x ]7 4_Z=64

8:BX5:[W5;94 ;< : ;=_?959>< W 649; <3<8X9[: d=< :=X5:; XV?98:; B: X54X46<BX: >4; 4_X<54gh<;

]:56:B49; x 4_Z=B; >:<BX<; 8:6 5<;?:;X4 9B4><d=4>4 • 8_:e4?9B4 ?:><6 a<B<398945 >< 4>9gb:

8:6 ;=_?959>< x ?<d=<B:; <;X=>:; ;=Z<5<6 <3987894 B4 ><?5<;;b: < ?<5X=5a4gh<; >< 4B;9<>4><

Page 118: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 118/140

 

NGIaEaIeGHI X<5894B

w [9>4C "t]

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: (F x 4BX4Z:B9;X4 GSDF$ x 4BX4Z:B9;X4 GSDF- ?:>< 8:BX59a=95

?454 4gh<; 4B;9:_VX984; < 4BX9><?5<;;9[4;

,B>984gh<;C );d=9e:35<B94 x $B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 4 ?;98:;< \8=5X:j?54e:c x 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4

4 ?<5Xk Bb: ?;98fX984;^ 9B8_=9B>: ?<5Xk >: ]=6:5 < ?<5Xk >4 ?<5;:B4_9>4>< x ><?5<;;b: Z54[< x

>:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x :=X54; ?;98:;<; x 4Z9X4gb: 4Z=>4^ 4Z5<;;b: x 4a;X9BoB894 >< a<Be:>94e<?9B4;

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 484XV;94^ ;9BX:64;

<iX54?95469>49;^ ?45l9B;:B9;6:^ >9;89BW;94 X45>94^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ X4d=9845>94^ Z4_48X:55<94^46<B:55<94^ ;<>4gb: \HnKc^ >96 >4 ;<>4gb:^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ [9;b: X=5[4^ >9;3=Bgb:

;<i=4_^ 9BX:_<5pB894 • Z_98:;<^ Z4B]: >< ?<;: \"nKc^ 4=6<BX: >: 59;8: 845>9:6<X4af_98:s^

?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8^ 8:B[=_;:<;

/:564C 8? "tt6Z x ;:_ :54_ Kt6Zn6'

*:;:_:Z94C

*;98:;<j GtjHtt6Z 4: ><9X45

$B;9<>4><C FGj"tt6Z \>=54BX< K ;<64B4;c

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 4B;9<>4>< <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ?;98:;< x 4B;9<>4>< <6 >:<BX<; ;<6

?;98:;< x ><?5<;;b: Z54[<

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;89BW;94 X45>94 x 8594Bg4; x 9>:;:;

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 4B;9<>4>< 4;;:894>4 • ?;98:;< x 4B;9<>4><^ 4Z5<;;b:^ 4Z9X4gb: x ;9BX:64;

?:;9X9[:; >4 ?;98:;< x ><?5<;;b: Z54[<

NACRCVRCaIeGHI _45Z48X9_ \0"+'6,*U,+* 4_937X984c a49i4 ?:XoB894

w [9>4C JjHH]:54;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C a_:d=<9: (Fm 4X54[W; a_:d=<9: Mb^ 8:_9BW5Z98: ab < (F B: 8<BX5: >:

[f69X: 5<>=e [f69X: < B7=;<4

,B>984gh<;C <;d=9e:35<B94 x B7=;<4; < [f69X:; x 4Z9X4gb: < 4?5<<B;b: 4BX<; >< =64 895=5Z94 x

?:539594 9BX<569X<BX< 4Z=>4 x 64B93<;X4gh<; >: X9?: 64BV48: >4 >:<Bg4 a9?:_45 x XWX4B:

\4>`=B8X:c x ;:_=g:; 9BX54X7[<9; x 8:6?:5X46<BX: 8:6a4X9[: := <i?_:;9[:n]9?<5<i89X7[<_ \<6

Page 119: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 119/140

 

8594Bg4;c x 8594Bg4; ]9?<548X9[4; 8:6 <i8<;;: >< 48X9[9>4>< 6:X:54C 96?=_;9[9>4><^ 9B4X<Bgb:^

4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ _4a9_9>4>< >: ]=6:5^ a49i4 X:_<5pB894 • 35=;X54gb: x ?;98:;<  x >:<Bg4 a9?:_45

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;VB>5:6< ><3989X759: 9B>=e9>: ?<_:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 484XV;94^ ?594?9;6:^

;9BX:64; <iX54?95469>49; \FnK 4 HnKsc^ Z4_48X:55<94^ 46<B:55<94^ X:BX=54;^ %"!*/&' \KnKc^ a:84

;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 4_X<54gh<; >4 6<6f594^ a:84 ;<84^ :a;X9?4gb:^ 5<X<Bgb: =59B7594^ [9;b: X=5[4^>969B=9gb: >4 ;=>4gb:^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_ \+")"#1"52& +, (K%"9,52&c^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ X4d=9845>94^

;VB8:?<^ .*+4' !" #"%' \HnKc^ $,%-' -*$!,':*%-13*$ \),"&4 J1( &194&. Pklc^ -'+:13%["% \),"&4

4".%& +&. Pklc( 4"#*6'6'2,-,!*!"( 0'6'%%"+%,>,3,!*!" \(8"9,4 .&73 1.,4 %4()( /4&9(9&4 cW

$"6,+'#*6,* #,.<"+6*$( '#*-,!*!" !* -;$+"*( -*6*$*6*% \#& 94,9,)(#9& , 7&#D&B/4,C&3

&=.(48,52& &H9,7)&70D"%, %,+, - ,#&. ,/0. :L ,#&. +( 94,9,)(#9& %1)17,9"8&c

/:564C 8? FG^ "tt6Z x ;:_ :54_ Kt6Zn6_ x 9[ Gt6ZnF6' x 96 FG6ZnG6'

*:;:_:Z94C FttjJtt6Zn>

E:,6*$ +'% !'"+6"% -'< "#,3"#%,*l

O'%"% >*,2*% #*$* 6$*6*<"+6' !* *+%,"!*!" +* .$9:,!*

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 3:56=_4gb: ,# B4 =5ZoB894 x >:<BX<; d=< ?5<89;46 >< ;<>4gb: ?454

8:BX5:_: 8:6?:5X46<BX4_

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; d=< Bb: X:_<546 ;<>4gb: x >:<BX<; 8:6 >9;89BW;94 X45>94 x

8594Bg4; x 9>:;:;

*W5:_4;C X<6 =64 <3987894 >< Z54B>< <;?<8X5:^ 64; : 59;8: >< >9;89BW;94 X45>94 <

>9;?:B9a9_9>4>< >< X54X46<BX:; 4_X<5B4X9[:; 34e<6 >4 ;=4 =X9_9e4gb: 4_W6 >4 ?;98:;< =6 :?gb:

>< 8=5X:j?54e: := >< ;<Z=B>4 _9B]4 x 3<B:X94e9B4; >< a49i4 ?:XoB894 8:6: <;X4 Xo6 =6 59;8:

649:5 >< <3<9X:; 845>9:[4;8=_45<;

AETCaEVRCaIeGHI B:e9B4B \3<B:X94e9B4 4_937X984c a49i4 ?:XoB894

/:564C 8? FG^ Gt^ "tt6Z x ;:_ :54_ Kt6Zn6_ x ;:_ 9B` FG6Zn6'

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C 0'6'%%"+%,>,3,!*!" ^ 4"#*6'6'2,-,!*!"(  kkk

Page 120: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 120/140

 

#$%)N. ($ )+&,R./0)%,$

)+D0$DL1,$+ %. "~ +&0D.

I+6,#%,-;6,-' by '1 Ky ."$*/&' \59;?<59>:B4^ :_4Be4?9B4^ d=<X94?9B4^ ]4_:?<59>:_c <6 >:;<;

<3984e<; a49i4;

$=6<BX45 4: 396 >< FjH ;<64B4;

R"%#'%6* *' 0,< !" tJu %"<*+*%

#=>45 >< 4BX9?;98fX98:

0<;?:;X4 4: 396 >< MjJ ;<64B4;

*0T(0.#. ($ 0)-,(,E$

-_VB984C X<B;b:^ ,$$,6*>,3,!*!" ^ *+'$"2,*^ >9398=_>4>< B4 -'+-"+6$*/&' < 6<6f594^ ,+%;+,*^

!"#$"%%&'^ ;9BX:64; #%,-;6,-'% 0$1%6$"%^ 8:6?:5X46<BX:; 9>9:;;9B857X98:;^ ,%'3*<"+6' ;:894_^

[<;X=5759: := 64d=9_]4Z<6 <i8<;;9[: := >,U*$$*^ ?<5>4 >< ?5<:8=?4gb: 8:6 4 *#*$?+-,* 

*5:Z5464; <>=84X9[:; ?454 <>=845 346V_94 < >:<BX<; ;:a5< ;9BX:64; < 9BX<5[<Bgh<; ?5<8:8<;

\5<X:645 4BX9?;98fX98: B4 ><;8:BX9B=4gb:^ 4=6<BX45 4 >:;<^ 9B98945 ae>c ?:><6 5<>=e95 4;

X4i4; >< 5<89>9[4 \QHc

)+D0$DL1,$+ %$ 0)-,(,E$

IV^ '1 I=^

Page 121: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 121/140

 

D54X46<BX: >4 5<89>9[4 >4 <;d=9e:35<B94 8:6 $*1C "X1,:*3"+6" !" !'%" !" gooJbooo<. !"

-3'$'#$'<*U,+* \$"c

)+&,R./0)%,$ 0)/0$-DU0,$

N3'U*#,+* \"q _9B]4c \QHc^ "ttj{tt6Zn> \8<584 >< Htu 6<_]:546c

+< Bb: X:_<54>:C 6=>45 ?454 '3*+U*#,+* \QHc := $,%#"$,!'+* \QHc

.=X54; <;X54XWZ94; 8:B8:69X4BX<;C #%,-'6"$*#,* \-QDc^ 9BX<5[<Bgh<; ?;98:;;:8949; \%1#"$:,%&'

!* <"!,-*/&'( #%,-'"!1-*/&'( 6"$*#,* 0*<,3,*$c

&64 ;9X=4gb: <6 d=< =64 6<_]:594 ;9ZB93984X9[4 >4 ?;98:?4X:_:Z94 <n:= >:; ;9BX:64; 4_[:

4?<;45 >: X54X46<BX: 8:6 4BX9?;98fX98:; >< F 8_4;;<; >93<5<BX<; \" ><[< ;<5 =6 4XV?98:c B:;

r_X96:; G 4B:; <6 >:;<; 5<8:6<B>4>4; ?:5 =6 ?<5V:>: >< FjJ ;<64B4; ?:5 375648:k

4=;oB894 >< 5<;?:;X4 "tjHtu

5<;?:;X4 ?45894_ \4_=89B4gh<;n><_V59:; 5<;9>=49; _9Z<95:; 4 Z54[<;c Htu

+< 9B8_=V>:; >W398<; 8:ZB9X9[:; < d=4_9>4>< >< [9>4^ 4 ?<58<BX4Z<6 >< 5<3548X:59<>4>< ;<594

649:5 d=< Mtu

+< 5<;?:;X4 ?45894_ \8:6 : "~ 375648:cC <;X<B><5 : <B;49: Kj"t ;<64B4;

+< 5<;?:;X4 ?45894_ \8:6 : F~ 375648:cC <;X<B><5 : <B;49: Gj"" ;<64B4;

+< Bb: 5<;?:;X4C <B;49: HjM ;<64B4; \B: <BX4BX: 4_Z=B; >4>:; ?5<_969B45<; ;=Z<5<6

d=< Bb: 5<;?:;X4 B4; ?596<954; F ;<64B4; 34e 8:6 d=< 4 6<_]:594 B4; ;<Z=9BX<; K ;<`4

96?5:[7[<_c

.=X54; 84=;4; 9B8_=<6C 348X:5<; B<=5:a9:_fZ98:; \>:<Bg4 8<5<a54_ <;X5=X=54_c^ 46a9<BX49; \4_X4

<6:gb: <i?5<;;4c := 345648:>9Bp698:; \=;: >< :=X5:; 375648:; ?5<;859X:; := Bb: ?5<;859X:;c^

4a=;: >< ;=a;XpB894;^ >:<Bg4 3V;984k

-<5X939845 ?596<95: d=< :; :=X5:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; 3:546 <B;494>:; <6 >:;<; 8:55<8X4;^ >=54gb:

6VB964 \FjJ ;<64B4;c < ]:=[< a:4 4><;b:k

0)+,+DO%-,$ Ž -'.R$*,%$

$>`=[4BX<; 8:6 <3987894 8:6?5:[4>4C 469;;=?59>< \4BX4Z:B9;6: (Hsc^ 459?9?54e:_ 

\4BX4Z:B9;6: (F ?45894_sc^ <,$6*U*#,+* \;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; < 8:ZB9X9[:;sc \QHc^ EJEVI

\6<6a54B4; 3:;3:_9?V>984;sc^ 3*<'6$,.,+* Q -3'U*#,+* \QHc^ ;=_?959>4^

)-D 9;:_4>: \(Gc^ <6 8<5X:; 84;:; 8:6: 4>`=BX: • 6<>984gb: 4BX9?;98fX984 \-H^Kc < B4

84X4X:B94 \-Kc

Page 122: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 122/140

 

+,%D.#$+ %)1$D,E.+

+9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; ?596759:; [; ;<8=B>759:; \9;:_46<BX: ?:5 9><4gb: ?454Bf9><^ ;9BX:64;

<iX54?95469>49;^ ><?5<;;b: ?f;j?;98fX984^ ;=aj<;X96=_4gb: 46a9<BX4_c

I+6,#%,-;6,-'% *67#,-'% 6<_]:5<; d=< XV?98:; B:; ;9BX:64; B<Z4X9[:; ?596759:;^ 64; ;<6

>93<5<Bg4 B:; ;<8=B>759:;

I<,%%13#$,!"( '3*+U*#,+* \$"c <6 >:;<; a49i4;

=<X94?9B4^ e9?54;9>:B4 \QHc

$BX9><?5<;;9[:; \(Gc^ ;:a5<X=>: 4 695X4e4?9B4 d=4B>: 8:6a9B4>: 8:6 $*1 \QHc x 4X<Bgb:

d=< X54B;69;;b: 4>5<BW5Z984 < >:?469BW5Z984 ?:>< 4Z54[45 4 ?;98:;<k

+<_<Z<_9B4^ X<;X:;X<5:B4 Xf?984^ :B>4B;<X5:B^ Z9BZl: a9_:a4^ 6<64BX9B4

+,%D.#$+ -.1%,D,E.+

Q<B<3V89: _9Z<95: < 6:><;X: >:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; B:; >W398<; 8:ZB9X9[:; \QHc

0<;=_X4>:; 9B8:B;9;X<BX<; B4; >93<5<Bg4; <BX5< XV?98:; < 4XV?98:;^ <BX5< 4=;oB894 >< >93<5<Bg4 4

6<_]:594 8:6 :; 4XV?98:;^ ?:5 9;;: 4 5<8:6<B>4gb: 5<849 B:; *67#,-'% \-H^Kc

+,%D.#$+ ()*0)++,E.+

(<?5<;;b: :8:55< <6 I 4 IGu >:; >:<BX<; 8:6 <;d=9e:35<B94k

Q<B<3V89: _9Z<95: < 6:><;X: >:; 4BX9?;98fX98:; ><?5<;;b: \QHc ^ =;: ?5<>:69B4BX< >< *67#,-'% W

5<8:6<B>4>: 8:6 <[9>oB894 >969B=X4 \-H^Kc

I+6,!"#$"%%,:'%  ;b: <3984e<; B4 ><?5<;;b: 8:6f5a9>4k

-$D$D.%,$

Q<Be:>94e<?9B4; ><[<6 ;<5 : X54X46<BX: >< "q _9B]4 \-c

A'$*U"#*< \4XW K6Zn>m ;< 4=;oB894 >< 5<;?:;X4 4: 396 >< FjH >94; >45 >:;< 4_X4 >< Jj

  FK6Zn>m ;< 4=;oB894 >< 5<;?:;X4 4: 396 >< HjK >94;^ 9B98945 )-Dc Jtu >:; >:<BX<;

5<;?:B><6

ENF d=4B>: =64 57?9>4 5<;:_=gb: W B<8<;;7594 \"q _9B]4c := d=4B>: _:54e<?46 Bb: 5<[<5X<

\Fq_9B]4c

)[9X45 B4 34;< 4Z=>4 >4 84X4X:B94 4BX9?;98fX98:;k +VB>5:6< 64_9ZB: >:; B<=5:_W?X98:; W =64

3:564 >< 84X4X:B94 64_9ZB4 \4;;:894>4 4 9B;X4a9_9>4>< 4=X:Bf6984 < ]9?<559X694ck &;45d=<X94?9B4 B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 ;9BX:64; 84X4XfB98:; 85fB98:; \#4=>;_<yck

Page 123: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 123/140

 

D0$D$#)%D. () '.%1.j*0$R.

/$+) )+D$Q,',R$‚P. \>=54gb: HjM 6<;<;c^ :a`<8X9[:;C 3489_9X45 4 $"!1/&' 8:BX9B=4>4 >:;

;9BX:64;m 8:B;:_9>45 4 5<69;;b:^ 6<_]:594 >:; >W398<; ;:8949;^ 5<>=gb: >: ;X5<;;^ ?5:6:[<5

<;X54XWZ94; >< -'#,+. 9B>9[9>=4_^ >45 ;=?:5X< ?454 69B969e45 4 ?5:a4a9_9>4>< >< 5<89>9[4^

?5:6:[<5 4 *!*#6*/&' m :,!* +* -'<1+,!*!"^ ?5:6:[<5 4 5<8=?<54gb:^ 8:B;:_9>4gb: >4

$"3*/&' 6"$*#?16,-* 

/$+) #$%&D)%‚P. \6<;<; 4 4B:;c : 3:8: W : 3=B89:B46<BX: < 4 5<8=?<54gb:^ :a`<8X9[:;C

4;;<Z=545 d=< 4 5<69;;b:n8:BX5:_: >:; ;9BX:64; W ;=;X<BX4>:m 64B=X<Bgb: := 6<_]:594 >:

BV[<_ >< 01+-,'+*<"+6' < X1*3,!*!" !" :,!*m 6:B9X:59e4gb: >:; "0",6'% *!:"$%'%m #$":"+/&'

!* $"-,!,:*

,BX<5[<Bgh<; ?;98:;;:8949;C 9BX<5[<Bgb: 3469_945^ <6?5<Z: ?5:X<Z9>:^ X54X46<BX: 8:6=B9X759:

4;;<5X9[:^ X5<9B: >< 8:6?<XoB894;^ -QD

(=54gb: >4 X<54?94 4BX9?;98fX984

" <?9;f>9:C " 4B: \-Kc

F <?9;f>9:;C FjG 4B:; \-Kc

|g "#,%;!,'%\-*%'% .$*:"%\42 !" %1,-7!,' '1 :,'3?+-,*C €G 4B:;nX:>4 4 [9>4

$ >:;< >4 6<>984gb: 4BX9?;98fX984 B4 34;< <;X7[<_ W >93V89_ >< ><89>95k %: <BX4BX: ?454 XV?98:;^

>:;<;†Mtt6Z <d=9[4_<BX<; >< -*Rl +< : >:<BX< 6<_]:5:= 8:6 =64 ><X<569B4>4 >:;< ><

4BX9?;98fX98:^ ><[< 64BX<5j;< <;;4 >:;< ?<_: 6<B:; >=54BX< M 6<;<;k

$BX9?;98fX98:; "q < Fq Z<54gb: ;b: 9Z=4_6<BX< <3984e<; B4 ?5<[<Bgb: >4 5<89>9[4 \$"ck

$ !,%-,+S%,* 6*$!,* < :; "0",6'% %"-1+!9$,'% <"6*>;3,-'% ?45<6 X<5 : 649:5 96?48X: B: a<6

<;X45 >: >:<BX< < B4 ;=4 ;4r><k

$ 64B=X<Bgb: ><[< ;<5 3<9X4 8:6 : 6<;6: 4BX9?;98fX98: d=< 5<;?:B;7[<_ ?<_4 6<_]:5

5<;?:;X4 < d=< X<[< : 6<_]:5 ?<539_ >< <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; B: <?9;f>9: 4Z=>:k

I !'%" !* <*+16"+/&' !":" %"$ * <"%<* !* "%6*>,3,U*/&' "+X1*+6' 49 1< >'< -'+6$'3' !*

$"-,!,:* " +&' "0",6'% %"-1+!9$,'% .$*:"% \-Kck

);X54XWZ94; 9BX<569X<BX<; >< X<54?94 8:6 4BX9?;98fX98: ><[<6 ;<5 4a4B>:B4>4;k

$ X4i4 >< 5<89>9[4 4?f; =6 <?9;f>9: 4Z=>: W 5<_4X9[46<BX< 4_X4 < Bb: ]7 ?5<>9X:5 4><d=4>:;

>< ?5:ZBf;X98: := 5<;?:;X4 345648:_fZ984k $ ?5<[<Bgb: >4 5<89>9[4 ><[< ;<5 :3<5<89>4 4 X:>:;

:; >:<BX<; 8:6 <;d=9e:35<B94^ • <i8<?gb: >4d=<_< 8:6 <?9;f>9:; ?;98fX98:; a5<[<; ;<6

8:B;<d=oB894; ?;98:;;:8949; < B: >:<BX< 545: d=< Bb: X:_<54 B<B]=64 6<>984gb:k

Page 124: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 124/140

 

*)+.C #:B9X:59e4gb: ;<64B4_ >: ?<;: >=54BX< :; ?596<95:; H 6<;<; 4?f; 9BV89: := 4_X<54gb:

>< >:;<^ ><?:9; 6<>9845 ?<;: MnM 6<;<; \#4=>;_<yck #=>45 ?454 459?9?54e:_ := e9?54e9>:B4k^

5<;X59gb:^ <i<58V89: 3V;98:^ 6:B9X:59e4gb: >: ?<;:^ >9<X4k

(,$Q)D)+C 59;8: 649:5 8:6 8_:5:?5:64e9B4^ ]4_:?<59>:_^ 8_:e4?9B4^ :_4Be4?9B4^ 59;?<59>:B4

\6<B:;c^ d=<X94?9B4 \6<B:;cm 348X:5<; >< ?5<>9X:5<;C 4=6<BX: 57?9>: >: ?<;:^ <_<[4gb: D1k

#:B9X:59e4gb:C X<;X< >< X:_<5pB894 • Z_98:;< :54_^ Z_98:;< <6 `<`=6^ Sa$"-k

(,+',*,(L#,$ \?:>< :8:55<5 9B><?<B><BX<6<BX< >: 4=6<BX: >< ?<;:cC 3<B:X94e9B4;^ 8_:e4?9B4^

:_4Be4?9B4^ d=<X94?9B4k D54X46<BX:C 6=>45 ?454 459?9?954e:_k (9<X4 \f_<: >< ?<9i<^ 39a54;^

?:a5< <6 Z:5>=54; ;4X=54>4;c^ 4_X<54gh<; >: <;X9_: >< [9>4^ <;X4X9B4;

*0.'.%1$#)%D. D8C 6<84B9;6: a_:d=<9: >:; 84B49; >< ˆ}^ … ><?<B><BX< >< >:;<m

348X:5<; >< 59;8:j;VB>5:6< D_:BZ:^ a54>9875>94^ 9;d=W694 845>V484^ 69:845>9X<^ )$#^ SE)^

]9?:l4_9W694^ ]9?:64ZB<;<694^ ]9?:84_8<694^ <;3:5g: 3V;98:^ ;X5<;;^ 4B:5<i94 B<5[:;4^ 8594Bg4;

< 9>:;:;^ ZWB<5: 3<69B9B:^ 375648:; \<59X5:6989B4^ 8_459X5:6989B4^ 46?989_9B4^ 8:jX5:6:i4e:_^4_Z=64; d=9B:_:B4;^ 8_:5:d=9B4^ 6<3_:d=9B4^ d=9B9B4^ d=9B9>9B4^ >9;:?95469>4^ ?5:849B469>4^

;:X4_:_^ 469:>45:B4^ 464BX4>9B4^ 898_:;?:59B4^ >93<B9>5469B4^ ]9>5:i9B4^ B9845>9?9B4^

X46:i93<B:ck )-1 4B=4_6<BX<

(,+/&%‚P. +)„&$' \?<5X=5a4gb: >: ><;<`:^ <i89X4gb:^ :5Z4;6: < 5<;:_=gb:cC 59;?<59>:B4

\?5:_48X9B4^ 4BX4Z:B9;6: 4_34 "c€]4_:?<59>:_€:_4Be4?9B4€X1"6,*#,+*€*$,#,#$*U'3 x

4BX98:_9BW5Z98:; 4;;:894>:; 4 ?<5X=5a4gh<; >4 <i89X4gb: x 4BX4Z:B9;X4; 4_34 " 4;;:894>:; 4

<i98X4gb: < :5Z4;6: x ;<>4gb: 4;;:894>4 4 5<>=gb: >: ><;<`: ;<i=4_k D54X46<BX:C 6=>45 ?454

375648: 8:6 6<B:5 9BX<53<5oB894 ;<i=4_m 89?5:<?X4>9B4^ 464BX4>9B4^ a5:6:859?X9B4^

a=?5:?9:B^ ;<_<Z<_9B4^ ;9_><B439_^ 4_?5:;X4>9_^ a=;?95:B4^

S,*.%$D0L#,$C 6<84B9;6:; 9BX:i984gb: 8:6 7Z=4^ +,$(Sm ]9?<5_9?9>W694n]9?<5Z_98W694m

d=4>5: >< 8:B3=;b:^ B7=;<4;^ <Bi4d=<84;^ _<X45Z94

()*.D;

I!"%&' <9 '1 #*$-,*3 *'% *+6,#%,-;6,-'% '$*,% '-'$$" "< ]oz >:; >:<BX<; 8:6 );d=9e:35<B94

E4BX4Z<B;C 6<_]:594 >4 4><;b:^ 6<B:5 B<8<;;9>4>< >< _<6a545 :; >:<BX<; >< X:645 4

6<>984gb:^ ?59B8V?9: >4 >:;< <3<8X9[4 4X9BZ9>4 8:6 649; ;<Z=54Bg4^ <[9X46<BX: >:; ?5:a_<64;

>< 4a;:5gb: Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B4_^ 4X4_]45 : 6<X4a:_9;6: >< "q ?4;;4Z<6 ]<?7X984^ 59;8: 5<>=e9>:

>< :[<5>:;< 489><BX4_ := ><_9a<54>4

Page 125: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 125/140

 

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C >969B=V>4 3_<i9a9_9>4>< >< 4>69B9;X54gb:^ 4`=;X< >4 >:;< f?X964 W =6 ?5:8<;;:

4554;X4>: < 9B8<5X:^ ><;4?45<896<BX: 4554;X4>: >< <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; ><;4Z54>7[<9; 4?f; 4

><;8:BX9B=4gb: >4 6<>984gb:^ 59;8: >< >:5^ <><64^ ?5=59>:^ 64;;4 ?4_?7[<_^ B: _:84_ >4

9B`<8gb:k

%=64 5<8<BX< 6<X4j4B7_9;< 8:6 >4>:; >< _:BZ: ?54e: \'<=8]Xc 6:;X546 d=< :; ><?:X; \$*1< $+1c ;b: ;=?<59:5<; • 6<>984gb: :54_ B4 $"-,!,:* \$"c^ 64; Bb: B4 5<]:;?9X4_9e4gb: ?:5

?;98:?4X:_:Z94^ X4i4 >< >5:?j:=X := Bb: 4><;b:k $;;96 Bb: ]7 =64 <[9>oB894 8_454 >< <3987894

<BX5< 4 3:56=_4gb: :54_ < ><?:Xk

+<6 >93<5<Bg4 >< <3987894 <BX5< $*1 < $+1k

$_Z=64 <[9>oB894 >4 %1#"$,'$,!*!" !' !"#'6 -'<#*$*!* -'< $,%#"$,!'+* '$*3 \-Kck $=6<BX:

>: 6"<#' *6S m $"-,!,:*k $_Z=64 <[9>oB894 >: =;: >< ><?:X 59;?<59>:B4 B4 ;=a?:?=_4gb:

>:<BX<; >< "~ ;=5X: < >:<BX<; 9>:;:; 8:6 <;d=9e:35<B94 \QHck

#$%)N. (.+ )/),D.+ +)-&%(U0,.+ (.+ $%D,*+,-TD,-.+

#.($/,%,'

Q0.#.-0,*D,%$ 9B>984gh<;C ?45l9B;:B9;6:

Q,*)0,()%. \4l9B<X:Bc 4XW "F6Zn> 9B>984gh<;C ?45l9B;:B9;6:^ >9;X:B94 4Z=>4

D0,S)„,/)%,(,'. \45X4B<c Fj"G6Zn>^ 8? Fm G6Zm 8:6<g45 8:6 "6Zn>

*0.*0$%.'.' Htj{t6Zn> 9B>984gh<;C 484XV;94 \-Kc

)j)*$ \f6<Z4 HcC FZn>s \:648:5^ e:>9Bc

Page 126: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 126/140

 

$%D,()#)%-,$,+

$_VB<4 8c >: $5X9Z: ""J~ >: (k'k "IMnFttM

OCHEVEeGAC 4598<?X

,B>984gh<;C X54X46<BX: ;9BX:67X98: >4 >:<Bg4 >< $_e]<96<5 \0*%" <'!"$*!* aa=E_boJKoc

\QHcx ?<5X=5a4gh<; >< 6<6f594 B:=X54; 8:B>9gh<; 5!"<?+-,* :*%-13*$8 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 9B9a9>:5 >4 48<X9_8:_9B<;X<54;< >< 3:564 5<[<5;V[<_ < Bb: 8:6?<X9X9[4^

>9;?:B9a9_9e4B>: 649; 48<X9_8:_9B4m 8:6?<B;4gb: ?45894_ >4 ><Z<B<54gb: >< B<=5fB9:;

8:_9BW5Z98:; B: B<:8f5X<i 96?_984>:; B4 6<6f594m Bb: 9B9a< 4 a=X9B9_j48<X9_8:_9B<;X<54;<m ?:><

_9a<5X45 348X:5<; >< 85<;896<BX: < 9BX<53<595 8:6 4 ><?:;9gb: 469_f9><

,BV89: >< 4gb:C ?:>< ><6:545 4XW M ;<64B4; 4XW 6<_]:594 >4 6<6f594^ ?:>< ><6:545 6<;<;

4XW <;X4a9_9e4gb: >4 ><Z<B<54gb:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;…C B7=;<4^ >9455<94^ [f69X:;^ 4B:5<i94^ 4=6<BX: >4 ;<85<gb: Z7;X5984^ #"$!* !" 

#"%'( ,+%;+,* \48<X9_8:_9B4c^ X:BX=54;^ 8b96a54; 6=;8=_45<;^ 34>9Z4^ ><?5<;;b:^ ;:B]:;

4B:5649; x 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4,.c^ ;VB8:?< \4,4,c

… ><?<B><BX<; >< >:;<

/:564C 8? G < "t6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

,B98945 8:6 G6Z 4: ><9X45^ ?:><j;< 4=6<BX45 ?454 bo<.\! 4?f; KjM;<64B4;

.[<5>:;<C ?:>< ;<5 _<X4_m B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ ]9?<5;4_9[4gb:^ ;=>4gb:^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ a54>9875>94^

8:_4?;:^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ 354d=<e4 6=;8=_45 \9B8_=9B>: >:; 6r;8=_:; 5<;?954Xf59:;c

&;: 4 _:BZ:j?54e:C #'!" #"$!"$ "0,-9-,* B: 4X54;: >: 8=5;: ><Z<B<54X9[: >: $_e]<96<5 4?f; M

6<;<;m ?:>< ;<5 <3984e B4_Z=B; >:<BX<; ?:5 6=9X:; 4B:;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C X9X=_45m ?:>< _<[45 4 ><X<59:54gb: >4 6<6f594 < 8:6?:5X46<BX:

,BX<54gh<; 345648:_fZ984;C ;<6

*5<84=gh<;C ?:>< <i48<5a45 4 4;64 := :=X54; !'"+/*% #13<'+*$"% x 4=6<BX: >4 ;<85<gb:

Z7;X5984 789>4 ?:>< 4=6<BX45 : 59;8: >< Z3-"$*% x a54>9875>94 < a_:d=<9: 845>V48: ?:><6

:8:55<5 <6 >:<BX< 8:6 := ;<6 4_X<54gh<; 845>V484;

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 4_<5Z94 4 >:B<?<e9_:

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y ?5:[4[<_6<BX< Bb: W B<8<;;759: 4`=;X< >< >:;<

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y ?:>< ;<5 B<8<;;759: 5<>=e95 4 >:;<

Page 127: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 127/140

 

V"$61$>*/["% -*$!7*-*% Y =;45 8:6 84=X<_4m <?9;f>9: >< ;VB8:?< 5<_4X4>:;^ 8=9>4>: B4;

a54>94559X694;

,>:;:; Y X:_<546 >:;<; 6<B:5<;

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

157[9>4; Y 84X<Z:594 - x Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:;< >97594 rB984 x ?:>< ;<5 =;4>: B4 ><6oB894 [4;8=_45 x ?:><

5<;=_X45 B4_Z=B; >:<BX<; d=< Bb: 5<;?:B><6 := d=< Bb: X:_<546 :=X5:; 9B9a9>:5<; >4

$8<X9_8:_9B<;X<54;<

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C >:<BX<; 8:6 9B;fB94

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B4 ($ x ;9BX:64; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; < 8:ZB9X9[:; \4?4X94^

><;9B9a9gb:^ ><_V59:;^ 4B;9<>4><^ <X8c B4 ($x ?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B:=X54; ><6oB894;

><6oB894 4;;:894>4 4 >:<Bg4 >< *45l9B;:B Y \?596<95: ;=5Z<6 :; ;9BX:64; 6:X:5<;^

;f ><?:9; :; 8:ZB9X9[:;c _<BX93984gb: 8:ZB9X9[4^ >W398<; 4X<B89:B49;^ <i<8=X9[:;^

[9;=:<;?48949; < 6BW;98:;m 649:5 ?5:a4a9_9>4>< >< ><;<B[:_[<5 ><6oB894 ;<

4_=89B4gh<; ?5<8:8<; < ?45l9B;:B9;6: 489BWX98: >:69B4BX<^ a<6 8:6: ?45l9B;:B9;6:

;96WX598: $":,%&' !* N'-4$*+" <'%6$'1 "0,-9-,* !'% *+6,-'3,+"%6"$9%,-'%

><6oB894 >:; 8:5?:; >< '<ƒy Y \9BV89: >4 ><6oB894 < ;9BX:64; 6:X:5<; W

X<6?:54_6<BX< 8:B8:5>4BX<c -'.+,/&' 031616*+6" 8:6 4_X<54gh<; >4 [9ZV_94\;:B:_oB894 >9=5B4 < _<X45Z94c >4 4X<Bgb:^ 4_X<54gh<; X54B;9Xf594; >4 8:B;89oB894^

*31-,+*/["% :,%1*,% ?<5;9;X<BX<; ?5<8:8<6<BX< \5<8:55<BX<;^ ]4a9X=4_6<BX< a<6

><X4_]4>4;^ 4_=89B4gh<; B:=X54; 6:>4_9>4><;^ ><_V59:; a<6 ;9;X<64X9e4>:;m

#*$f,+%'+,%<'^ ;<B;9a9_9>4>< 4:; B<=5:_W?X98:;^ 4Z9X4gb:^ ;VB8:?<^ d=<>4; 35<d=<BX<;m

?<5X=5a4gb: >: ;:B: 0)#m ><?5<;;b:m B: <BX4BX: $":,%&' !* N'-4$*+" +&' <'%6$'1

"0,-9-,* !'% *+6,-'3,+"%6"$9%,-'%

><6oB894 35:BX:X<6?:54_ Y 649; `:[<B;^ 4_X<54gb: ?5:3=B>4 B4 -'+!16* %'-,*3 \34_]4;

B4 <X9d=<X4 ;:894_^ 4=;oB894 >< X48X:^ ><;9B9a9gb:c^ 84578X<5n8:B>=X4 ?<;;:4_

\?4;;9[9>4><^ 9BW5894^ ]9?<548X9[9>4><^ [4Z=<46<BX:c^ B4; <6:gh<; \<6a:X46<BX:43<8X9[:c^ ]7a9X:; 4_96<BX45<; \4,#"$'$*3,!*!"^ a=_9694 < ?5<3<5oB894 ?:5 >:8<;c^

-'<#'$6*<"+6'% #"$%":"$*6,:'% " "%6"$"'6,#*!'% \64B<959;6:;^ [4Z=<46<BX:^

8:6?:5X46<BX:; >: X9?: 8:6?=_;9[: ;<6 4B;9<>4><C [9;=4_9e4gb: >: 5<_fZ9:^ 59X=49;

;=?<5;X989:;:;^ 4><;b: 4 5:X9B4 39i4^ a4X<5 >=4; [<e<; B4 ?45<>< 4BX<; >< <BX545 B:

d=45X:c( 4_X<54gh<; >: >9;8=5;: \!,<,+1,/&' !' !S>,6' !' !,%-1$%'^ <8:_7_94^

?<5;<[<54gb:^ <;X<5<:X9?94;c^ ;9B49; B<=5:_fZ98:; \489BW;94 < 59Z9><ec^ < B: 9B;9Z]Xm

:8:55<B>: B: 8:BX<iX: >< ?5<;<5[4gb: 5<_4X9[4 >4; 3=Bgh<; 9B;X5=6<BX49; >4

?<58<?gb:^ '$,"+6*/&' "%#*-,*3 5<*+6,!*8( ?54i94 < 6<6f594m *+6,-'3,+"%6"$9%,-'% %"<

"0,-9-,*( ==RG% #'!"< 6$*6*$ !"%,+,>,/&'( 4,#"$'$*3,!*!" " -'<#13%["%

Page 128: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 128/140

 

><6oB894 [4;8=_45 Y 8_VB984 <6 ><Z54=;^ 8:6 4B:64_94; >4 6458]4^ ;9B49; 3:849;^

><;<d=9_Va59:^ 9B8:BX9BoB894 =59B7594m 6$*6*<"+6' !'% 0*-6'$"% !" $,%-'

-*$!,':*%-13*$"%( ":,6*$ <"<*+6,+* " ,IN4E 

RGTI=FG^aGHI <i<_:B^ ?5:6<X4i

,B>984gh<;C X54X46<BX: ;9BX:67X98: >4 >:<Bg4 >< $_e]<96<5 \0*%" <'!"$*!* aa=E_boJKoc

\QHcx X54X46<BX: ;9BX:67X98: B4 !"<?+-,* !" -'$#'% !" A":k \QHc

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 9B9a< 4 I-4E < 9B9a< 4 h1N4E 

/:564C %,%6"<* 6$*+%!S$<,-' K^M < {^G6ZnFK] x ;:_ :54_ F6Zn6' x 87?; "^Gm Hm K^Gm M6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

MjbK<.\! 

,B98945 "^G6Z K2\!^ 4=6<BX45 H6Z 84>4 F ;<64B4; >:;< 67i964 M6Z Fin>

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C X<:59846<BX< 4 9B9a9gb: >4 a=X959_48<X9_8:_9B<;X<5;< ?:>< 6<_]:545 4

<3987894 X<54?o=X984 x ?:>< ;<5 rX9_ B4_Z=B; !'"+6"% X1" +&' $"%#'+!"< '1 6'3"$*< '16$'%

,+,>,!'$"% !* I-4E x "%6*!,'% 6*$!,'% := 54?9>46<BX< ?5:Z5<;;9[:; >4 ($^ :B>< 4 Z_9:;<

4=6<BX4 4 Q=-])

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C 649; <3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:; ?:X<B8949; ?:5 9B9a9gb: >4 Q=-])

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B4 ($ x ;9BX:64; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; < 8:ZB9X9[:; B4 ($ x

?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B:=X54; ><6oB894;

^IAIHFIaGHI 5<6yB9_

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 9B9a9>:5 >4 I-4Em 6:>=_4>:5 4_:;XW598: +,-'67+,-' 8:_9BW5Z98:

/:564C ;:_ :54_ K6Zn6' x 8? K^ J^ "F6Z x 8? _9a ?5:_:BZ4>4 J^ "M^ FK 6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

"MjK]<.\! 

,B98945 J6Z Fin>^ 4?f; K >94; 4=6<BX45 ?454 "M6Z Fin>^ >:;< 67i964 HF6Zn>

%4 _9a<5X4gb: ?5:_:BZ4>4^ 4 6<;64 >:;<^ 64; X:64>4 4?<B4; "in> >< 64B]b

Page 129: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 129/140

 

aEaIHFGHI <a9i4^ 4i=54

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *+6*.'+,%<' !' $"-"#6'$ HaOI >: Z_=X464X:m 9BX<53<5< B4

]9?<548X9[4gb: ?<5;9;X<BX< >:; 5<8<?X:5<; %#($ ?:5 _9a<5X4gb: <i8<;;9[4 >< Z_=X464X: B4 ($

x 4BX4Z:B9;X4 GSDH \3=Bgb: ><;8:B]<89>4c

,B>984gh<;C X54X46<BX: ;9BX:67X98: >4 !"<?+-,* !" I3U4",<"$ <'!"$*!* * .$*:" \QHcx ($

_9Z<954 4 6:><54>4 x ?<5X >< 6<6f594; :=X54; 5!"<?+-,* :*%-13*$8x >:5 85fB984

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C X:BX=54;^ 8<34_<94;^ :a;X9?4gb: x 8:B[=_;h<; \4,4&c

/:564C ;:_ :54_ G6Znt^G6' x 8? "t^Ft6Z \G^"t^"G^Ft B=64 <6a4_4Z<6c

*:;:_:Z94C Ko<.\! K2\!

(:;< 9B9894_ G6Zn>^ 4=6<BX:; >< G6Z 84>4 ;<64B4m >:;<; 48964 >< G6Z ><[<6 ;<5

>9[9>9>4;m >:;< 67i964 Ft6Zn> Fin>

.[<5>:;<C ;<6 34X4_9>4><;

(<;8:BX9B=4gb:C ;<6 ;9BX:64; >< 4a;X9BoB894

,BX<54gh<;C ;<6 96?:5X4BX<;

*5<84=gh<;C =;45 8:6 8=9>4>: d=4B>: 8:j4>69B9;X54>: 8:6 :=X5:; 4BX4Z:B9;X4; %#($^ 8:6:

464BX4>9B4 \4BX9?45l9B;fB98: < 4BX9j[954_ 8:BX4 9B3_=<Be4c^ l<X469B4 < ><iX5:6<X:534B:

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 4_<5Z94

*:?=_4gh<; <;?<8949;C

,B;=3989oB894 5<B4_ Y Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: B4 ,0 Z54[<m =;45 8:6 8=9>4>:^ >:;< ?:>< X<5

>< ;<5 5<>=e9>4

,B;=3989oB894 ]<?7X984 Y Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X<

*<5X=5a4gh<; 845>V484; Y Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X<

,>:;:; Y Bb: B<8<;;759: 4`=;X<

-594Bg4; < 4>:_<;8<BX<; Y Bb: <;X=>4>:

157[9>4; Y 84X<Z:594 Q x Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>:

$_<9X46<BX: Y 5<8:6<B>4>: ><;8:BX9B=45 : 375648: := :?X45 ?:5 a9a<5:B

E4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C <6 >:<BX<; 8:6 ($ <6 34;< 649; 4[4Bg4>4 x a<6 X:_<54>:

(<;[4BX4Z<B; ?:X<B8949;C Bb: <;X7 ?5:[4>: ;<5 <3984e B4; 34;<; _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4 >4 ($ x

>:<BX<; 8:6 >9398=_>4>< <6 X:645 6<>984gb: Fin>

+9BX:64; 4_[:C ?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B4 ($ x ;9BX:64; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; < 8:ZB9X9[:; B4 ($ x

?<5>4 >< 6<6f594 B:=X54; ><6oB894;

Page 130: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 130/140

 

^GH„^C hGAChI

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C <3<9X:; B<=5:?5:X<8:5<; < ?:X<B894gb: 8:ZB9X9[4

,B>984gb:C (:<Bg4 >< $_e]<96<5 _9Z<954 4 6:><54>4

*:;:_:Z94C FKt6Zn> \Kt6Z Hin> ,B3456<>c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;<Z=5:^ 4=6<BX: >: 59;8: >< ]<6:554Z94s^

,BX<54gh<;C

E453459B4}Z9BlZ: a9_:a4

kkk

)3987894 Bb: ]7 <[9>oB894

TGFIaGHI E

%b: ]7 <[9>oB894

$=6<BX: >4 6:5X4_9>4><

CaE^IJg \ EJEVIY ;4_6b:^ 8454?4=^ ;45>9B]4^ 45<Bd=<

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 64B=X<Bgb: >4; 6<6a54B4; 8<_=_45<; < 64B=X<Bgb: >4 48X9[9>4><

B<=5:B4_ 

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;_ ?5:a_<64; Z4;X5:9BX<;X9B49; 69B:5

+<6 a<B<3V89: B4 3=Bgb: 8:ZB9X9[4 B:; 9>:;:; ;<6 ><6oB894^ ?:5X4BX: ;<6 a<B<3V89: B4

?5<[<Bgb:

,B3:564gb: ?5<_969B45 ;=Z<5< =X9_9>4>< B: #$;!$'<' !* "%X1,U'0$"+,* 

#$%)N. ($+ ()#O%-,$+

#=>4Bg4; 46a9<BX49; B4; 4_X<54gh<; 8:6?:5X46<BX49;n;9BX:64; B<=5:?;9d=97X598:;

\;VB>5:6< >< ]9?<548X9[9>4><^ ?;98:;<^ 4?4X94c < ?;98:_fZ984; 4;;:894>4; 4: $_e]<96<5k

)i?_984gb:C ?<5>4 >< B<=5fB9:; 9B9a9Xf59:; W 649; ?5<8:8<m B<8<;;9>4><; Bb: ;4X9;3<9X4;^ 8:6:

0'<"( %"!" '1 0*36* !" *6"+/&'m $"0'$/' #'%,6,:' >< 8:6?:5X46<BX: >9;5=?X9[:^ 5<;=_X4B>: B4

4X<Bgb: 4_]<94 < ;4X9;34gb: >4 B<8<;;9>4><m 348X:5<; 46a9<BX49; \"%-1$,!&'( *<>,"+6"% <1,6'%

X1"+6"% " <1,6' 0$,'%( '!'$"%( >*$134'%c

Page 131: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 131/140

 

S9?<548X9[9>4>< \4Z9X4gb:^ 4Z5<;;9[9>4><^ ><;9B9a9gb:^ 9559X4a9_9>4><^ 8:6?:5X46<BX:

6:X:5 4a<554BX<^ <=3:594c

+9BX:64; 43<8X9[:; \><?5<;;b:^ 4B;9<>4><c

$?4X94 \4?4X94^ 4_X<54gh<; >: 4?<X9X< < 4_96<BX4gb:c

$[4_94gb:C <;X4>: 3V;98:^ ><?5<;;b:^ >:5 := ><;8:B3:5X: ?:;;9[<_6<BX< Bb: ><X<8X4>:^ <3<9X:;

;<8=B>759:; >4 6<>984gb:^ a9:Z54394 9B>9[9>=4_ 9B8_=9B>: 85<Bg4; 5<_9Z9:;4; < <;?959X=49; <

9><BX9>4>< 8=_X=54_^ 348X:5<; ?;98:;;:8949;^ 348X:5<; 3V;98:; 46a9<BX49;^ 4B7_9;< 8:6?:5X46<BX4_

< 3=B89:B4_

D54X46<BX:C

E3,<,+*/&' !'% 0*-6'$"% -*1%*,%

G+6"$:"+/&' #%,-'%%'-,*3C 9B3:564gb: < X5<9B: >:; 3469_945<; := 8=9>4>:5<;m45:64X<54?94^ <;X96=_4gb: 6=_X9;;<B;:594_^ =;: X<54?o=X98: >< 6r;984 <n:= >4Bg4^

X<54?94 4;;9;X9>4 8:6 4B9649;^ 64;;4Z<6^

@*$<*-'3;.,-'C d=4B>: :; 5<;X4BX<; 3:546 X<BX4>:; ;<6 ;=8<;;:^ <i8<?X: d=4B>: ;b:

Z54[<;^ ]7 ?<59Z: 969B<BX< ?454 : ?5f?59: := X<58<95:;m 4[4_94gb: >: 59;8: a<B<3V89:

\$E-;^ <3<9X:; <iX54?95469>49;c^ 8=5X: B: X<6?:^ a49i4; >:;<; < 4_[: >< 6:B9X:59e4gb:C

$,%#"$,!'+*( '3*+U*#,+*( X1"6,*#,+*( *$,#,#$*U'3m Bb: =;45 B<6 [4_?5:4X: B<6 _VX9:m

9$-]) < 6<64BX9B4 ;b: Fq _9B]4 B4; ?<5X=5a4gh<; 8:6?:5X46<BX49; >4 ($m 9$-]) "q

_9B]4 B4 ><6oB894 >< 8:5?:; >< '<[y \59[4;X9Z69B4^ B: <BX4BX: 5<[9;b: -:8]54B< W

B<Z4X9[4c

%b: ]7 <[9>oB894; d=< Z=9<6 : X54X46<BX: >: ;=aX9?: 4?7X98:k

Page 132: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 132/140

 

#)(,-$#)%D.+ &+$(.+ %$+ ()*)%(O%-,$+

+9B49; >< ?59[4gb: >< :?9f9><;C _48596<`:^ 59B:55<94^ 4Z9X4gb:^ ;=>4gb:^ ?9_:j<5<gb:^ X4d=9875>94^

[f69X:;^ X5<6:5<;^ a:8<`:;^ 69>5V4;<

+9BX:64; >< ?59[4gb:C B7=;<4;^ >:5<; 4a>:69B49;^ X<B;b: 6=;8=_45^ <;?4;6:; 6=;8=_45<;^

>:5<;^ 9B;fB94

w ]<5:VB4| KjM]

*59[4gb: >< :?9f9><;C 9BV89: HFjIF ]:54;^ 4_9[9: 4?f; Gj"t >94;m ?98: 9B[<5;46<BX< ?5:?:589:B4_

• >=54gb: >< 4gb: >: 4Z:B9;X4 \d=4BX: 649; _:BZ4^ 6<B:5 4 9BX<B;9>4>< >4 ?59[4gb:c

aEFIOCHI

w FK Y HM]k

,BV89: >< 4gb:C w ]:54^ <;X4a9_9e4gb: >:; BV[<9; ;W598:; 4?f; G >94; \?:X<B894_ >< 48=6=_4gb: B:

9BV89: >: X54X46<BX:c

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4Z:B9;X4 X:X4_ :?9f9><

,B>984gb:C X54X46<BX: >< 64B=X<Bgb: B4 ><?<B>oB894 >< :?9f9><; \;=?59695 4 4a;X9BoB894^

a_:d=<45 :; <3<9X:; >< :?9f9><; 9_<Z49;^ 5<>=e95 : 854[9BZ ?:5 :?9f9><;^ ?5:6:[<5 < 3489_9X45 4

4><;b: 4:; X54X46<BX:; ?;98:;;:8949;c

D<;X<; 4BX<; >< 9B98945 X54X46<BX:C )-1 \4BX<; < 4?f; Ht >94;^ < ;< >:;<€"tt6Zn>c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C #$'3'+.*<"+6' cF-r 5.&=4(91+& ̀ :LL)DM+3 .&=4(91+& #&. +&(#9(.

%,4+$,%&.3 %&) +(.(J1"7$=4"&. <"+4&(7(%94&7$9"%&. %&)& <"/&s,7"*)",3 +".H1#52& <(/I9"%,3

+&(#9(. , H,C(4 +"14*9"%&. &1 ,#9"/."%09"%&.c^ X:5;4>< >< ?:9BX<;^ ;<>4gb:^ ><?5<;;b:

5<;?954Xf594^ :a;X9?4gb:^ ;=>4gb:^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ >W398< 8:ZB9X9[: _9Z<95: \B4_Z=B; >:<BX<;c

*59[4gb: >< 6<X4>:B4C 9BV89: KjM >94;^ 4_9[9: 4?f; "tj"F >94;

/:564C ;:_=gb: :54_ := 8?

*:;:_:Z94C

(:;< 9B9894_C "tjHt6Zn> \`7 :8:55<546 6:5X<; 8:6 >:;<; 9B98949; Kt6Zn>c

*5<[<Bgb: >4 4a;X9BoB894C KtjMt 6Zn> \B4 649:594 >:; >:<BX<;c

#4B=X<Bgb:C Mtj"Ft6Zn> ;b: >:;<; 649; <3984e<;k (:;<; 649; 4_X4; 4;;:894>4; 4

6<_]:5<; 5<;=_X4>:;k D:64 ;=?<5[9;9:B4>4 >=54BX< ?<_: 6<B:; H 6<;<;k $=6<BX:; ><

Gj"t6Zn>

+=;?<B;b:C 5<>=gb: 84>4 Gj"t6Zn> >=54BX< I >94; <6 9BX<5B46<BX: \<6 46a=_4Xf59: >=54BX<

;<64B4;c

Page 133: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 133/140

 

.[<5>:;<C 34X4_ ;:a5<X=>: 8:6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%- \:8:55< ;:a5<X=>: B: ?:_98:B;=6:

8:6 7_8::_ < a<Be:>94e<?9B4;c

G+6"$*/["% 

\9B>=gb: -z*H$K Y 5<>=gb: >:; BV[<9;cC 845a464e<?9B4^ 3<B9X:VB4^ <34[95<Be^

\9B9a9gb: -z*H$K Y 4=6<BX: >:; BV[<9;C <59X5:6989B4^ 8<X:8:B4e:_^ 9B9a9>:5<; >4

?5:X<4;< Y 59X:B4[95kkkc

$`=;X< B4 ,0 < ,S Z54[<;k (:<BX<; 8:6 348X:5<; >< 59;8: ?454 4=6<BX: D8 ><[<6 ;<5 [9Z94>:;

E4BX4Z<B;C ?5<3<59>:; B:; >:<BX<; 8:6 >:5 85fB984 ?:5d=< ?5<89;46 >< :?9f9><; 4>989:B49;x

%".1$' +* .$*:,!"U x >:<BX<; 8:6 ]i ?5<Z5<;;4 >< ><;[9: >< :?9f9><; := X54X46<BX: <6

8:BX<iX: ?59;9:B4_ Y ;=?<5[9;b: x 649:5 8=;X:j<3987894 d=< a=?5<B:539B4

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C %7+!$'<" !" #$,:*/&' <*,% <*$-*!* x 9BX<54gh<; 6<>9846<BX:;4; x?5:_:BZ46<BX: D8

hBVREHCR@GHI  ;=a=X<i

w F6Z "F] x "MjHF6Z KJnIF] ;X<4>y ;X4X<C I >94;

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C *.'+,%6* #*$-,*3 :?9f9>< 6= \<3<9X: Bb: W X:X4_^ <i9;X< <3<9X: >< X<8X: ?454

4 ><?5<;;4: 5<;?954Xf594^ 64; Bb: ?454 4 4B4_Z<;94c^ 4BX4Z:B9;X4 l4??4 \<3<9X: 4BX9><?5<;;9[:ck

,B>984gb:C ><?<B>oB894 >< :?9f9><;

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ]<?4X:X:i989>4>< \() +&.(. ,79,.c

/:564C 8? ;=a_9BZ=4_ t^Km Fm J6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

>:;< 9B9894_C FjK6Z \4a=;: >< 6r_X9?_4; >5:Z4;^ <X8c x K6Z \;<6 ?59[4gb:c x J6Z \8:6

?59[4gb:c

64B=X<Bgb:C JjHF6Zn>^ >:;< 67i964 HF6Zn> \?:><j;< X:645 >< FnF := HnH >94;^

64; W B<8<;;759: >=?_9845 < X59?_9845 >:;< <6 84>4 X:64^ 5<;?<8X9[46<BX<c

>:;<; 4B4_ZW;984;C t^F Y t^KZ

;ƒ9X8] >< 6<X4>:B4 \?:5 9BX:_<5pB894 4:; ;9BX:64; >< 4a;X9BoB894cC 5<>=e95 6<X4>:B4

?454 Kt6Zn> < ;f 4V 34e<5 ;ƒ9X8]

Page 134: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 134/140

 

+=;?<B;b:C 4?f; <;X4a9_9e4gb: \J6Zn>^ ;=3989<BX< ?454 X54X45 :; ;9BX:64; >< ?59[4gb:c^ 5<>=e95

F6Zn> \K >94; <6 9BX<5B46<BX:cm <6 46a=_4Xf59: 5<>=gb: <6 "tj"K >94;k

C:"$!'%"_ <*,% %".1$' X1" <"6*!'+* \6<B:5 ><?5<;;b: 5<;?954Xf594cm d=4B>: 48:BX<8<6 W

]4a9X=4_6<BX< <6 >:<BX< d=< 34e<6 :=X5:; ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%-

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C <6 >:<BX<; 4 34e<5 ><?5<;;:5<; >: +%-

E4BX4Z<B;C %7+!$'<" !" #$,:*/&' <*,% 3":" \?5<3<59>4 B:; ?5:Z5464; >< ><;9BX:i984gb: < B:;

>:<BX<; 9BX:_<54BX<; • 4a;X9BoB894 >< ]<5:VB4 := 6<X4>:B4c x 6<B:; ;<>4X9[4 d=< 6<X4>:B4

x 6<B:5 59;8: >< :[<5>:;< 34X4_ d=< 6<X4>:B4 x >:<BX<; ><?5969>:; ><?<B><BX<; >< :?9f9><;

\4BX4Z:B9;6: l4??4c

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C >:5 85fB984 x 6<B:; <3984e d=< 6<X4>:B4 B4; >:;<; 8:B[<B89:B49; x ?59[4gb:

?5<89?9X4>4 B4 Z54[9><e^ 64; ?:><j;< 64BX<5 x 649:5 59;8: >< ><;[9: ?454 : <"$-*!' +".$' 

HIACDCHI <6 4;;:894gb: 8:6 a=?5<B:39B4C ;=a:i:B< \B4_:i:B4 X<6 ?:=84

a9:>9;?:B9Ba9_9>4>< :54_ 64; a:4 ,E Y ?5<89?9X4 =64 4a;X9BoB894 4 :?9f9><; j ?454 <[9X45 =;: B:

6<584>: B<Z5: [94 ,Ec

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4BX4Z:B9;X4 :?9f9><

,B>984gh<;C 5<[<5;b: >4 ><?5<;;b: :?978<:

*5<84=gh<;C >:<BX<; ><?<B><BX<; >< :?978<:;

*:;:_:Z94C t^KjF6Z 84>4 FnH 69B=X:; 4XW 67i96: >< "t6Z ,# \<3<9X: >=54 FtjMt69B=X:; Y

[9Z945c

NACHGOGHI

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 4Z:B9;X4 4_34jF 4>5<BW5Z98: \>969B=9 4 2X<6?<;X4><@ B:54>5<BW5Z984

4;;:894>4 • 4a;X9BoB894 >< [7594; ;=a;XpB894;^ 9B8_=9B>: :; :?9f9><;c

+9BX:64; 4_[:C 9B;fB94^ >:5<; 6=;8=_45<;^ 9Bd=9<X4gb:^ 854[9BZ

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ]9?:X<B;b: \6:B9X:59e45 *$c^ ;<>4gb:

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C >:<Bg4 845>V484^ 5<B4_^ 6<X4af_984^ ]9?:X<B;b: 6:><54>4 4 Z54[<

*:;:_:Z94C t^"6Z H9>

(<;[4BX4Z<B;C 6<B:5 <3987894 d=< 6<X4>:B4 < a=?5<B:539B4 B4 5<>=gb: >4 4a;X9BoB894

E4BX4Z<B;C =;4>: B4 ><;X:i93984gb: 57?9>4 8:6a9B4>4 8:6 B4_X5<i:B4 \B:; >:<BX<; d=<?5<X<B><6 64B=X<Bgb: 8:6 4BX4Z:B9;X4 :?9f9><c

Page 135: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 135/140

Page 136: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 136/140

 

#<84B9;6: >< 4gb:C 5<>=e B<=5:X54;69;;b: >< Z_=X464X: < 4=6<BX: 1$Q$m a_:d=<94 8<5X:;

5<8<?X:5<; Z_=X464XW5Z98:; \%#($ < 6<X4a:X5f?98:;cm 48X=4 8:6: 27_8::_ 45X939894_@

69X9Z4B>: 4 4a;X9BoB894m 5<>=e >:?469B4 B: Br8_<: 488=6a<B;

,B>984gb:C ?5<[<Bgb: >4 5<84V>4 >: 7_8::_ \5<>=gb: >: -$*:,+.c

D<;X<;C 4[4_945 01+/&' 4"#96,-* " $"+*3 4BX<; >< 9B98945 : X54X46<BX:

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C >9455<94^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_

/:564C 8? HHH6Z

*:;:_:Z94C

MMM6Z Hin>94 4?f; Z454BX9>4 4 4a;X9BoB894

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C ,0 := ]<?7X984 Z54[<;m ]9?<584_8<694

OG==BA@GRIa X<X54>9B

#<84B9;6:C 9B9a< 4 4_><V>: ><;9>5:Z<B4;<^ ?5:6:[<B>: 4 48=6=_4gb: >< 48<X4_><V>: 4?f; :

8:B;=6: >< 7_8::_

,B>984gh<;C 4a;X9BoB894 >: 7_8::_ \-c^ 4a;X9BoB894 8:84VB4 \-c

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;:B:_oB894^ 34>9Z4^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ ]4_9X:;<^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_^ ?;98:;< \545:^

a_:d=<9: >: 6<X4a:_9;6: >4 >:?469B4c^ B<=59X< ?<593W5984

N'+6$*J,+!,-*/["% C 9B;=3989oB894 845>V484^ >:<Bg4 45X<594_ 8:5:B7594^ ]i >< $E-;^ Z54[9><e^

4646<BX4gb:^ >:<Bg4 ]<?7X984 < B<=5:?4X94 ?<593W5984^ SD$^ ?;98:;<

/:564C 8? Gtt6Z

,B98945 Jtt6Z^ 5<>=e95 >=54BX< G >94;m >:;< >< 64B=X<Bgb:C "ttjFtt6Zn>

,BX<54gh<;C 93-''3 \5=a:5^ SD$^ X4d=9845>94^ 8<34_<94;^ >9;?B<94^ B7=;<4;^ [f69X:;^ ;VB8:?<^4559X694;^ ]9?:X<B;b:^ 8:_4?;:c^ 6<X5:B9>4e:_^ 4BX98:4Z=_4BX<;^ ae>^ X598V8_98:;^ 9#$.

#)(,-$#)%D.+ &+$(.+ %$ *S($

Page 137: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 137/140

 

"q _9B]4 *S($ \Z54[<cC 375648:;

Fq _9B]4 *S($C -QD

aEFGA@EHGOIFC 5=a93<B^ 59X4_9B4 '$^ 8:B8<5X4

/:564C 8? "t6Z \5=a93<Bc^ 8? _9a ?5:_ Ft^ Ht^ Kt6Z \59X4_9B4c^ 8? _9a ?5:_ "J^ HM^ GK 6Z \8:B8<5X4c

Si >< ;VB8:?<^ >9;?B<94 := :=X5:; ;9BX:64; 845>9:[4;8=_45<;m ]i 3469_945 >< >:<Bg4 845>V484

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C ;9BX:64; ?;98fX98:;^ 8:B[=_;h<;^ X98;^ 4B;9<>4><^ 4X4d=<; >< ?pB98:

D<;X<;C ?<;: 9B9894_^ H^ M 6<;<; < ><?:9; 84>4 M 6<;<; x ?=_;: < *$ 84>4 H 6<;<;

*:;:_:Z94C 8:6<g45 8:6 "G6Zn> \<6 _9a 96<>94X4 := ?5:_:BZ4>4n>94c

_9a ?5:_ "in>^ >< 64B]b

_9a 96<>94X4 FjKin>

67i964 "tt6Zn>

D<6?: 4XW 34e<5 <3<9X:C KjM ;<64B4;

$=6<BX: >< >:;<; 4XW <;X4a9_9e4gb: •; KjM ;<64B4;

*:X<B894_ >< 4a=;: < =X9_9e4gb: B: 6<584>: 9_<Z4_

IFCaCDEFGHI ;X54XX<54

/:564C 87?; "t^ "J^ FG^ Kt^ Mt 6Z

)3<9X:; ;<8=B>759:;C 4Z9X4gb:^ 9559X4a9_9>4><^ 9><4gb: ;=989>4^ 8:6?:5X46<BX: 4=X:j_<;9[:^ _<;b:

]<?7X984 \545: < 9>9:;;9B857X98:c^ >9;3=Bgb: ;<i=4_

,B>984gh<;C ;< : 6<X9_3<B9>4X: 3:9 =X9_9e4>: < 9B<3984e <6 >:;<; 67i964 X:_<54>4; := Bb:

X:_<54>:

*:;:_:Z94C

†ItlZC t^G6ZnlZ B4 >:;< 9B9894_^ ;=a95 4XW "^F6ZnlZ 4?f; I >94;

€ItlZC >:;< 9B9894_ Kt6Zn>m >:;< >< 64B=X<Bgb: "tt6Zn> <6 >:;< rB984 := a9>97594

\69B969e4 :; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;c

Page 138: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 138/140

 

hBVRCVRGCH

\[9>< 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;c

#$%)N. (.+ )/),D.+ +)-&%(U0,.+ (.+

*+,-./U0#$-.+

(,+/&%‚P. +)„&$'

*:5 4BX9<?9_W?X98:;C ;ƒ9X8] ?454 _46:X59Z9B4^ _<[<X9548<X46^ :i845a464e<?9B4

*:5 4BX9><?5<;;9[:;C ;ƒ9X8] ?454 4Z:_<64X9B4^ a=?5:?59:6^ 695X4e4?9B4^ <;89X4_:?546^

3_=[9i469B4^ 6:8_:a<69><^ ?5<Z4a4_9B4

*:5 4BX9?;98fX98:;C ;ƒ9X8] ?454 :_4Be4?9B4^ d=<X94?9B4^ 459?9?54e:_

)')-D0.-.%E&'+,E.D)0$*,$

#<84B9;6: >< 48gb:C 49B>4 ?:=8: 8:B]<89>:m 4_X<54gb: B4 5<;?:;X4 ?f;j;9B7?X984 4B<=5:X54B;69;;:5<; 6:B:469BW5Z98:;^ 5<;<Xk

,B>984gh<;C X54X46<BX: >< r_X964 _9B]4 B4; ;<Z=9BX<; 8:B>9gh<;

&;4>: ?454 :aX<5 <"34'$,*% $9#,!*% " +' -1$6' #$*U' !" %,+6'<*% .$*:"%  4?f; <B;49:;

4><d=4>:; 8:6 :=X54; :?gh<; X<54?o=X984; ;< X<5<6 6:;X54>: 9B<3984e<; <n:= d=4B>: 4

8:B>9gb: ?h< ?:X<B894_6<BX< <6 ?<59Z: 4 [9>4k

/4;< 4Z=>4C "#l !"#$"%%,:' .$*:" 5I8 5#%,-;6,-*( *6$*%' #%,-'<'6'$ .$*:"\-*6*6'+,*(

$"%,%6"+6" *' 6$*6*<"+6' -'< #%,-'09$<*-'%( $"-1%* *3,<"+6*$( %1,-,!*3,!*!" .$*:"(

.$*:,!"U8W -*6*6'+,* 5N]8 W "#,%;!,' <*+7*-' #$'3'+.*!' '1 .$*:" 5" 6*<>S< +*%

.$9:,!*% %"< $"%#'%6* * *+6,#%,-;6,-'8 x a:4 5<;?:;X4 ?5W[94 4:; )-D x 8<5X:;

<?9;f>9:; 4Z=>:; >< <;d=9e:35<B94 5<;9;X<BX< 4: X54X46<BX: \(Gc^ Bb: 4?<B4; :; 8:6

;9BX:64; ><?5<;;9[:; := 84X4XfB98:; \8:6a9B4>4 8:6 345648:X<54?94 \-H^Kc^ 64; Bb:<;X7 a<6 >:8=6<BX4>4c

Page 139: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 139/140

 

/4;< 64B=X<Bgb: \Bb: 5<8:6<B>4>: %,-)^ Bb: W 6<_]:5 d=< 345648:X<54?94 < 59;8:

8=6=_4X9[: >< >9;3=Bgb: 8:ZB9X9[4c ,+!,-*!* #*$* '% !'"+6"% X1" 6?< -'+6$*J

,+!,-*/["% <"!,-*<"+6'%*% '1 +&' $"%#'+!"$*< * <"!,-*/&' "< <*+16"+/&'(

+*X1"3"% X1" $"%#'+!"$*< m 0*%" *.1!* " -'+6,+1*/&' 5O8

*5<84=gh<; \649; <3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;8_ ,!'%'%( -$,*+/*% " *!'3"%-"+6"%( .$9:,!*% x B<8<;;759:8:B;<BX96<BX: 9B3:564>:

-:BX54j9B>984gh<;C 4,#"$6"+%&' ,+6$*J-$*+,*+*( $,%-' *+"%6S%,-' 5EIa $"-"+6"( ,%X1S<,*

<,'-9$!,'( GNN( *$$,6<,*%( #*-"<*f"$( *+"1$,%<* *>!'<,+*38

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C $,%-'% *%%'-,*!'% * *+"%6S%,-'%^ ;X4X=; <?9_<?X98=;^ _459BZ:;?4;6:^ ?454_9;94

B<5[: ?<593W598: \"C"Htt X54X46<BX:;c^ 4_X<54gh<; >:; ?45p6<X5:; -E \SD$c^ ]9?<5X<B;b:

9BX54854B94B4^ 8<34_<94;^ 694_Z94;^ B7=;<4 x "%6*!' -'+01%,'+*3 ?f;j98X4_^ >9;3=Bgb: 8:ZB9X9[4

\8=5X: < _:BZ: ?54e:sc^ *<+S%,* $"6$;.$*!* \8=5X: ?54e: < _:BZ: ?54e:^ 4XW H 4B:; 4BX<; >:;

)-D;c < *<+S%,* *+6"$;.$*!* \<;d=<896<BX:;^ 5<8:B]<896<BX:^ ?:>< >=545 4XW M 6<;<; 4?f;;=;?<B;b: >: )-D^ B4_Z=B; 9B>9[V>=:; ?:>< ;<5 Xb: 64584>4 d=< 8:BX54j9B>984 4 8:BX9B=4gb:

>: X54X46<BX:c

#:B9X:59e4gb:C 3=Bgb: 8:ZB9X9[4 4?f; 84>4 ;<;;b:

/:564C >,3*6"$*3 <*,% "0,-*U d=< =B9_4X<54_^ 64; 649:5 >9;3=Bgb: 8:ZB9X9[4 \d=4BX: 649:5 4

<3987894^ 649:5<; :; <3<9X:; 8:ZB9X9[:;c

/5<d=oB894C

@*%" *.1!*_ t * bK %"%%["%^ a9;;<64B4_ := X59;;<64B4_ \H 4 M ;<64B4; >< >=54gb:c x54546<BX< <i8<>< 4; Ft ;<;;h<;

/4;< 64B=X<Bgb:C "Gn"G >94; := 6<B;4_

a"34'$ X1" #3*-">'( ENF %,<13*!' " 6$,-7-3,-'% \$c

F*2* !" $"<,%%&' toJuoz( $"%#'%6* <92,<* *#;% KJ] %"<*+*%

="< 6$*6*<"+6' !" <*+16"+/&'( 6*2*% !" $"-,!,:* "+6$" LoJ{Lz( <*,'$,* !*% $"-,!,:*%

'-'$$" +'% #$,<",$'% t <"%"%l

a"!,-*/&' X1" 0', *+6"$,'$<"+6" ,+"0,-*U +&' !":" %"$ 16,3,U*!* #*$* #$":"+,$ * $"-,!,:*

#;%JENFl

ENFQ*+6,!"#$"%%,:' <"34'$ X1" *#"+*% *+6,!"#$"%%,:' +* -'+6,+1*/&' 5h8l

/.D.D)0$*,$

Page 140: MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

8/18/2019 MANUAL DE PSICOFARMACOLOGIA

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/manual-de-psicofarmacologia 140/140

,B>984gb:C *<5X ><?5<;;9[4 5<8:55<BX< <6 ?4>5b: ;4e:B4_ Y >:<Bg4 43<8X9[4 ;4e:B4_ \$c x

><?5<;;b: 85fB984 := >9;X9694 8:6 <i48<5a4gh<; ;4e:B49; \(c

++0, X46aW6 9B>984>:; B<;X4 ?<5X=5a4gb:

€F^Gtt_=i

9B98945 "tttt_=i Ht69B FjKin;<64B4 := F^Gtt_=i F]n>

5<;?:;X4 4XW K ;<64B4;

)3<9X:; 4>[<5;:;C >9;Xr5a9:; [9;=49;^ 8<34_<94;^ 4Z9X4gb:^ B7=;<4^ ;<>4gb:^ ]9?:64B94n64B94

\545:c

,BX<54gh<; \3:X:;;<B;9a9_9>4><c

-_:5:?5:64e9B4

D598V8_98:;

S9?<598b: