MANNERS AND MANNERISM Week 6 Matakuliah: V0052 Tahun : 2008

MANNERS AND MANNERISMWeek 6

Matakuliah : V0052Tahun : 2008

Bina Nusantara HO 0708 3

Learning Outcomes

On completion of this unit, the students should be able to explain and understand the manners and mannerism applied in various cultures. It covers dinning etiquette, cocktail parties, restaurant behavior, social norm, and taboos.Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan dan memahami aturan dan tata cara (manners and mannerism) yang berlaku di berbagai budaya yang meliputi etika jamuan makan, pesta cocktail, sikap di restoran, norma-norma sosial dan tabu.


Subjects

•Dining etiquette•Cocktail parties•Restaurant

behavior•Social norms•Taboos


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Eating Hours

Jam Makan Bangsa

Lunch Noon Nordic

2 pm (followed by siesta) Spaniards

Dinner 5.30 pm Finns

06.00 pm or 06.30 pm American

07.30 pm Northern and Centrals Europeans

09.00 pm or 10.00 pm(if you are invited to a dinner at 08.00 pm or 08.30 pm, means the dinner is likely to be served between 10.00 – 11.00 pm)

Spaniards and Portuese

07.00 pm – 09.00 pm Chinese and most of Asians


In most countries, the signal to start

eating is given by the host or hostess.

In France: “ Bon appétit ”In Germany: “ Guten appetit “ In Italy: “ Buon appetito “In Japan: “ Itidakimasu ” (I am receiving).

Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Bon Appétit


• Anglo-Saxons are used to eating 3 courses; starter, main course, and dessert.

• British tend to put as much as they can on one plate.

• French serve many side dishes separately.

• Japanese can serve a very large number of dishes one after another (e.g. 19 courses), each containing a small, easily digestible amount.

Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Courses


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Starters

Countries Jenis Hidangan Pembuka

Japan Sashimi (raw fish)

Scandinavian Raw fish or smoked fish

France Hors d’oeuvre, soupe à l’oignon, bouillabaisse

Italy Antipasta, minestrone soup

America Shrimp cocktail, potato skin, guacamole & cheece dips, clam chowder soup

Greece Tsatsiki dan taramasalata

Turkey Yoghurt

Spain Tapas, gazpacho soup

Austro-Hungary Goulasch soup

Russia Bortsch soup

China Shark fin soup or bird’s nest

Nordic Pea soup

Germany Oxtail soup


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Starters

• Soups are normally eaten with metal soup spoons. But in China, spoons are ceramic and a special shape.

• In Japan and Korea, when eating soup, one lifts the soup bowl to the mouth and drinks the contents accompanied by slurping.

• Most Europeans tip their soup dishes towards themselves when spooning out the last dregs.


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Japanese

• Seating on tatami• Use chopsticks for eating• Give compliment for the food garnish

(say how nice everything looks)• Keep eating a little of each dish at a time

withour finishing any off• Lift up your glass when someone offers to

fill it• When drinking sake, turn your sake cup

upside down when you don’t want any more sake


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Chinese

• Use chopsticks• Never say that you are hungry

during the meal• When the meal is ended, the host

will stand up and thank you for coming


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: Arabs

• Seating on a carpet, linoleum or the smooth surface

• Using hand when eating


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: British

• Use the knife in the right hand and fork in the left hand

• The British habit of eating vegetables (even peas) with the fork upside down is viewed as ridiculous by the Americans and Europeans

• Do not put your elbow on the table when eating

• After finish the meal, you should put both of your hands on your lap (on the contrary, Mexicans are told to put their hands on the table during and after the meal. It is taboo to hide your hands under the table)


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: American

• Use fork for eating. Knife is only used for cutting meat or vegetables.

• First they cut the meat with their knife in the right hand and fork in the left. Then they put the knife down by the side of the plate, transfer the fork from left hand to right.


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: French

• Use bread as an extra utensils, pushing everything else around with it and eventually employing a chunck to wipe the plate clean.


Week 6

Dining Etiquette: French

• Use bread as an extra utensils, pushing everything else around with it and eventually employing a chunck to wipe the plate clean.


Week 6

Cocktail Party: Arrival Time

• Japanese will arrive at the party 10 minutes before it starts

• German and Swiss will come on time

• American and British will come a bit late, followed by French

• Brazilian will show up an hour after the party is due to end


Week 6

Cocktail Party: Small Talk

• Russians like drinking and sitting down• Americans, with their mobile nature

and easy social manners, excell at small talk

• Australians and Canadians also have no difficulty in creating small talk. French and British are also practiced cocktailers

• Germans simply do not believe in it. Germans and Russians prefer to talk to close friends rather than talking to strangers.


Week 6

Cocktail Party: Small Talk

• Finns and Japanese are frightened to death by the small talk.

• Finns are unused to chatter and they actually buy booklets on small talk

• Japanese are never quite sure what to talk about with foreigners

• Swedes usually dry up after about 10 minutes

• Mexicans, Peruvians and Argentineans love to talk. At a party, they will talk more and eat less.


Week 6

Cocktail Party: What to Drink

• The Frenchs like to drink Scotch after dinner and as an aperitif. Britishs like it with soda and the Americans drink it on the rocks. Japanese drink Scoth with water (mizuwari)

• Gin and tonic, campari soda or campari orange are favourites with ladies of most nationalities

• Germans like white wine, Spaniards and Portuguese prefer red, Russians vodka

• When Americans ask for a martini, they mean 99% dry gin with just a drop of vermouth in it, often with olive or cocktail onion for good looks. With olive it is called a martini, with an onion a Gibson. When Americans ask for whiskey, they mean bourbon.


Week 6

Restaurant Behavior

• Famous international dishes are French, Italian, Chinese and Indian cuisines

• Ethnic cuisines that are gradually establishing their reputation on an international basis are Greek, Mexican, Russian, Spanish, Korean, Indonesian, Thai and Japanese.


Week 6

Restaurant Ambiances

• Restaurants in Spain, Latin America, China, Hong Kong and Indonesia are usually convivial and noisy

• Restaurants in England, the US and Japan are more conducive to quiet socializing or business discussion

• In Finland and Sweden, guests will be asked to leave if they are too boisterous or unduly inebriated

• In Japan, it is considered good if the boss drink more than his subordinates, then perhaps leave early.


Week 6

Restaurant Ambiances

• In Russia and Bavaria, it is not uncommon for strangers to join you at your table. In Munich people occasionally bring their dogs and ask if they may sit them under the table.

• When taking Japanese out to a restaurant, you should be aware that they are not allowed to choose freely from the menu. The Senior Japanese in the group will usually choose the least expensive meal and his colleagues will have to follow suit. The correct action is not to let them choose, but to recommend strongly the most expensive dish on the menu. If you do so, Japanese will have no hesitation in treating you with equal generousity in Japan.


Week 6

Paying the Bill and Tipping

• In most Asian countries, particularly in Japan and China, the question of who pays the bill is quite clear before the meals.

• Latin waiter usually expect some tips from the service given to the guests.

• Tip is not common in Japan, China and Australia.

• In France, waiters are capable of throwing the tip on the floor if they consider it insufficient.


Week 6

Social Norms

• The Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavians are probably the most informal societies in the early 21st century

• Japanese lead the world in standards of politeness

• Asians in general display consistent courtesy to foreigners and to each other

• French are probably the most formal of the Europeans. Spanish are known for their warmth, Italian for their flexibility, and German for their righteousness.


• Do not open gifts in front of Asians and Arabs. The danger of someone losing face is too great.

• In Asia one generally wraps up presents in red paper. White color is considered as unlucky color and associated with death.

Week 6

Social Norms


• In Japan, Korea and some other countries men walk in front of women and precede them up and down stairs.

• In Russia it is polite to make short speech with every toast.

• In Russia, people don’t answer people’s telephones.

• In Thailand, a pale face is a sign of beauty in a woman. Don’t ask if she is sick or unwell.

Week 6

Social Norms


• Chinese belive in feng shui. They will follow feng shui to construct buildings and arrange furnitures.

• In Madagascar the dead are considered more important and more influential than the living.

• Polynesians bite their head of a newly deceased relative to make sure he has really passed away.

Week 6

Social Norms


Week 6

Taboos• Madagascar:

– A woman may not wash her brother’s clothes– Pregnant women may not eat brains or sit in doorways– Children may not say their father’s name or refer to any

part of his body• Russia:

– It is bad to stand with your hands in your pockets– You should not sit with legs apart– Coats should not be worn indoors– No whistling in the street– No lunches on park lawns– No public display of affection– Don’t ask people where the toilet is (especially when

you ask the opposite sex – Never do that)


Week 6

Taboos• Malaysia:

– Do not point with your index finger. You may point with your thumb

• Indonesia:– The head is regarded as a sacred and should not

be touched by another

• Korea:– Well-brought-up young people do not smoke or

drink in front of elders.

• Taiwan:– Do not write message in red ink


Week 6

Taboos

• Arab countries:– It is taboo to drink alcohol, eat pork or to ask

about the health of a man’s womenfolk.– Do not openly admire his possessions as he may

feel obliged to give them to you.


QUESTIONS?


Review Questions 3

1. What are the benefits of learning manners and mannerism from different cultures? Explain your reasons.

2. What do you have to do when you have a business with a Japanese and want to ask him out for dinner?

3. Explain the behavior of a German, an American, a Japanese, a Russian, and a Latin American in a cocktail party.

Documents

MANNERS AND MANNERISM Week 6 Matakuliah: V0052 Tahun : 2008