Manifesto of Emancipation (Urdu Translation)

8/12/2019 Manifesto of Emancipation (Urdu Translation)

1/22

(Manifesto of Emancipation)

(Paresh Chattopadhyay) (University of Quebec, Canada)

" "(Marxian Concept of Capital & theSoviet Experience)

2000""University of Massachusetts2010 )http://marxmyths.org/paresh-chattopadhyay/index.php(

" " "" " " :

1 ((Labour and Division of Labour2 ((Significance of Wage3 ((Distribution of Production in Socialist Society 4(Manifesto of Emancipation)

(basicconcepts)

"" (wage or salary system)""(associated)" "

(opposite position)

(Marxian science) (1,2,3) ((quotations((bold letters


2/22

1875""1 ((marginal notes)

''" "2 ( "3" " " )1()( )2(

)( (theoretical breakthroughs) 4 5 ")) " 6 /( ( )7 8(" "

"9"

1: (Karl Marx: 1818 1883)

(Friedrich Engels: 1820 1895) '' 2

Critique of the Gotha Program)1875 General German WorkersAssociationSocial Democratic Workers Party(merger) (draft program) "" " )')'

18913

(Communist Manifesto 1848)1847 (2) Communist Correspondence Committee (1) League of JustBrussels(merger) ''(Communist League) (Manifesto)

(Communist Manifesto) 4 First International):1864 (International Workingmen Association)

First International 5(Paris Commune): commune 1871

'' 1871 6 (mode of production): ) )) )

(apply) (process)(labour process) (product of labour) ))2 (factors))( (Factors

( ( (social mode(production) )( 7 (nature))( (means)) ( (production) ((Means of production '

(individually) ' ' ' ' ''

"1849 " (totality)'' (dialectically)

} ((serf {


3/22

) ( " 10) (" (wage

labour)''11 12 (allocation and distribution) )/(

"" 13 14 (followers)

() ((medium of wage ' '

85 8 (capitalism): (money) ) ( ) ( (means of labour) 1847((social relation (consist)

' 1849(wage labour and capital)'9Das Capital)" :" (three volumes) (critical

analysis) 10

Labour): ( (means of subsistence ] [ (means of production)] means of subsistence

[ )(toil (social expression) ) ( ) ( ) (

11(Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle : 1825 - 1864):

(socialist ideology) 12

(society s total products): ((production needs (producer needs)

13

value): '' (natural & social expression) (two aspect)''qualitative aspect 'quantative aspect' (medicine) use value

' (socially necessary labour time-SNLT)SNLT] 26 ['' ' (consume) ' )( ' '

(form of value) (exchange value ) (price) 14

state) (Marxian concept of state) (social institute) ( (

(autonomous relations)

" (abolished) "(Engels, Anti Durhing- 1894)


4/22

Labour & Division of Labour) 15

16 ""17 18 1844

1861"19 " " 0

( "21 "" ) 22 "

15 (May 1875) http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111gotha.html

16 17)(A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy:

1859 18 (Inorganic life): " (Estranged Labour)

(Labour process) (organ)inorganic inorganic life

19 :(Enconomic and Philosophical Manuscrpt 1844) )(Estranged Labour

20 Use value): )Use value: ( )natural property( )discover( ' ' )plough(

'' "To discover the various uses of things is the work of history"

)historical&social development( )uses( )dicover( basic use value(( derived )labour process( )use value( )create(

21 : Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859) 30

22commodity): (goods & services) ) )barter commodity (production)

(servant) (""(commodity ""

"" "" "" (direct social) (commodity form) ))1 )2(


5/22

"23")" "" " " " "

( "" " (

"24 25

26 "

7"28 29

A(production)xy A (individual needs)XY ) ) B 10000 (Labour hours) )( ( (

indirect relation (money) ' '

(direct) money 23 :as capital ))-((volume 1)1867 -24

:(Das capital 1894)(volume 3)4825: (aggregate of production relations)

((senses :((Material wealth 26

(wants )satisfy ( ) wantsatisfy

27 social labour):

) (

28 : (Wage, Price & Profit) ) (3429

(socially necessary labour): ""socialiy necessary labour time SNLT (isolation)


6/22

( (social labour

)1( )2(

)3( ( ) (social contact)

" "30 ) ( " )(

"31 "" ""32 (

33 )/( ( )

"" 4 " " ''

(standard)software SNLT)(10 software engineer)( (innovation)

8 10 SNLT (competition) (time ) cost

30

: (Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859)(Part: Commodity)31 : (Theories of Surplus Value)32 :(Das Capital) Fetishism of Commodities33

Elimination of Capital):

" "(medium) ' '

34

: ) )


7/22

35 "

" "36 "enslavingsubordination)"

1844

" ) "38 37( ("39") " "40 " "41 ) (

" "42 )( ")( )(

"43 )" ( 44"

narrow horizon of bourgeois right): 35 (producers) (dealer)

certificate )( ' '(bourgeois right) / ( (higher phase36 :37

Class): (concept of class) ) ( ) ( / appropriate)(

(exploitation) Haves and Have-nots (rulers and being ruled) (powerful & powerless) (social position)

-- - 38 :Comments of James Mills Elements of Political Economy(James Mill: 1773 1836)

Elements of Political Economy 1821 1844 (comments) 39 40 41 42

43


8/22

) ( "45) ( " "46 "

"47 " "((simple & abstract )("( "48

" "49 (social aspect) "50 "

51 " "2 " "

"" )( "53" " (

44 : (Friedrich List: 1789 1846) "(National System of Political Economy)1845 http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/03/list.htm

45 : (Friedrich List: 1789 1846) 46

: (Friedrich List: 1789 1846) 47 : (Friedrich List: 1789 1846) 48

: (Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859 : ((appendix I: Production49 : (Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy- 1859 : ((appendix I: Production50 :Das Capital )(volume I)(7thChapter)51

class society) (producers) (slave society) (lord)

((private capitalism ) ( ((bureaucrats (state capitalism) ( )

('(class society' 52 personal dependence) (production relation) ) )

( ( ((Spartacus72 ' ' '

(material dependence)' (( ''

'' 53

: Theories of Surplus Value)(volume III)256


9/22

"54 ) ( / " "55 6 "

" " 58 57" ( )

"" "" ""

") ("

') ( 59 " " " ""

"60

54 : : ((Communism and Private Property

55 : : (Big Industry and Contradiction) /

''Adam Smith: 1723 1790): 56 (science)

Wealth of Nations 57 Grundrisse-1953):Adam Smiths Labour as Sacrifice (political economy)

Grundrisse 1953 " "58 :' 'Grundrisse-1953):Adam Smiths Labour as Sacrifice59

" higher phase of association):""(das capital) "(association of free individual)

(two phases) applicable60

:


10/22

(Significance of Wage Labour) 61 (concept of wage)

" "2

)( )(1840 "63" " "64

" ( )("65 66 ( ) 451844

") ( ' " ""67

61(Ferdinand Johann Gottlieb Lassalle : 1825 - 1864):

(socialist ideology) 62 :((Iron Law of Wage or salary 1863 (Lepzig)

''

63(Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: 1809 -1865): Anarchist

64 (David Ricardo: 1772 1823): 65 : (Principle of Political Economy and Taxation 1817):(Chapter 5- Wage)166 :1847 " "(Philosophy of Poverty)

''' ' " (Poverty of Philosophy)" 1847 1955

67''(Das Capital) (iron law of wage)


11/22

Moral " "68 ( " "" (

) ( ) :( ) (

)( " Lange9 70

)(wage based on minimum subsistence level ""1

" ) "72 (

68 : 5 (69Friedrich Albert Lange1828 70

Malthusian Theory of Population): 2 4816 2468 71 ) ( (absolute impoverishment) (separation)

( ( ) state capitalism ( socialized( (mode of production or labour ) ) separate socialized

)( ( ( ((slavery socialized separate socialized

72

: Grundrisse-1953)2


12/22


13/22

76 ocietyCommunistDistribution in the Socialist )) )

( ( 77 ) 78

] ) ( [ ""

) ( " -Vulgar Socialism

79

")( ( ) (socialism)

/

76 (two phases)

(society of free and associated producers ) 77 Production Relations: ((slavery )( ( (master or slave-owner )( (apply) ) ()(

) ( ) ( 78

79

(equal distribution of wealth) vulgar socialist vulgar socialism


14/22

1857-58)( ) (")(80 () 81

82 ( )

) ( 83

)/( 4 "85""

") " /( ) ( ""

)( "" ( ) ) " "" " ( (volume 1) "

" "" )

( ) )

80 : 1: ((Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money81 (available labour time) 1000 (abilitiy to produce)

(10 x 1000)10,000 82 ((labour time required for production 83 (production & its distribution)

Grundrisse(Das Capital) (first volume) ''

84 exchange value): concept ''concept )

(production value) ( (money) production value

exchange value production value exchange value (price) ' '(Labour Coupon)

production valueexchange value85

: 2: )(Grundrisse, Notebook 2, Chapteron Money


15/22

()

" " ""

" "86 ) '' ("" ""/

(total production of society) ( (production needs ((producers needs

/

)/( )/(

) ( ) ( ''7) certificate(

)

86 (first point) (products) " ' "" 85 [ ] ""/

87

(Labour Coupon): (producers) (apply) (wage labourer or salaried person) circulation)((money) ((products () (owner) (consumer)

(necessary deductions) '' (supply)

'' (societys total labour time) '' '' (products) ()

((personal use ) ( (private property) circulation''

''concept (first phase)


16/22

(

(allocation & distribution of products) (form ofvalue)88

0 9 ) ( " 91

"92 ()

" "93 ( 94 "" ((commodity form

(Money) 95 )(

'(standard)

88 " " (form of value)

89(Realized labour OR Objectified labour OR Embodied labour):

(Finished products) (vulgar economists)objects 90

:((Living Labour ) ( apply 91

: (nationalization of means of production) (consumption goods) '' ((private capitalism

(antagonism)

92 :)((Critique of the Gotha Program, Part I)93 : 1: (Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money94 : 1: (Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money95

(First Phase of Communist Society): '' (labourer) (producers)


17/22

)) ( ) 6

) (- ) ( (principle of commodity production)

)) ) ) ( )

"97 " " " ( ( " " " " ) (

guarantee (Bourgeois Right) guarantee''

(first phase of communist society) (state) ''

(higher phase of communist society) 96

/ '')( (participate)

(equal) supplier of labour unequal

97 bourgeois horizon): (producers)

(dealer) certificate )( ' '(bourgeois horizon)

/ (higher phase)


18/22

Manifesto of Emancipation)

( ) " "

" "98 ) ( )( ""

"(wage labour)") ) " " " "9

) ( " (pre-history of human)" ""

" "

" " " " " ) "" ( "-

("( 100 " "

"" 98

(Afterwords to German Edition)''-187399

' 'Associated Mode of Production): )( (labour power)

apply (real producer) (wage or salaried employee) ' '

100

: 1: (Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money


19/22

" "101- ) (

) ( ) (

" ( "102 03

" 104 "

"105 ) ( " "106- 07

" 108 09

101 : 1: (Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money

102 : 1: (Grundrisse, Notebook 1, Chapteron Money

103

state): (country) (mutual antagonism) disciplined

) (administration )(

' ''' '(capitalist state) ' (mode of production)

(Marxian science) ' '' (mode of production) '

(control) )( " )) "Engels, Anti Durhing- 1894)abolished( 104

" 18447 :http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/08/07.htm

105 : : (The Poverty of Philosophy, Chapter 2, Part: Strikes and Combinations of Workers)

106 : (The Communist Manifesto, 2ndChapter)

107(Paris Commune): commune 1871

'' 1871 108

: ' '1871(Civil War in France: Part Concerning the Paris Commune)


20/22

: ( ) ))

/ (social functions)

"110)(

(followers) ""

)) 11 " (state & the revolution)" " "

Raya Dunayevskaya12 )( " )("113" " )(

) ( )( ) ( ) (

" " )( )( " " "

"114 "

109 revolutionary transformation): (transformation)

(period of revolutionary transformation) (proletariat) 110

concept 111:(Vladimir Lenin 1870 - 1924) )1924()

( ((contribution ((Leninism112:Raya Dunayevskaya1910 Humanism '

1987'113Raya Dunayevskaya:' '

114 Working Class State or Proletariat State): 1921)( " "(new economic

policy) "" " (proletariat state) (control)

)(1921


21/22


22/22

119 ) " () ( "120-

( ) ) ( ( ( ) (

) ( " )( " " "121

===========================================================================

119 917 :):(1917 )( 1917 1917

1917 15 1917 )) 1917 Bolshovik 1922 Union of Soviet

(USSR)Socialist Republics 120: :)(Lenin: Book State & Revolution, Chapter: What is to Replace the Smashed State Machine?

121 : (Karl Marx: Civil War in France Character of Paris Commune First Draft)

Documents

Manifesto of Emancipation (Urdu Translation)