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Managing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Sustainable Agricultural
Produc:on
G. Tamburini, M. Dainese, D.J. Inclan, T. Sitzia, L. Marini* DAFNAE & TESAF University of Padova
~9 billion people to feed by 2050
Increasing food demand
Challenges for agriculture
Innova:ve approaches to achieve sustainable crop produc:on!
Ecosystem services (pollina:on, biological control, soil fer:lity...)
Tradi:onal agronomic inputs (water, N, :llage...)
Crop
yield
Current situa:on
Conven:onal intensifica:on
Ecological intensifica:on
GAP
Ecological intensifica:on
Provision
ing service
(Crop yield)
Regula:ng and suppor:ng services
Intact Deteriorated
2. Can we incorporate ES management in cropping systems?
Yield gap
1. Tes:ng for ecosystem service benefits to yield
Crop pollina:on
Resource availability (agronomy)
Pollen availability (pollina:on biology)
Insect pollina:on benefits are assumed to be constant: -‐Oil seed rape 20% -‐Sunflower 10% -‐Strawberry 40% etc.
Pollina:on contribu:on to yield
?
Seed
yield (g m
-‐2)
0
Fer:liza:on (kg N ha-‐1)
170
460
420
380
400
440
480
What about true soil services? Other crops?
Interac:on between pollina:on and N in oilseed rape
+20%
480
500
520
540
560
580
x.factor
num
ber
of fr
uits
.LI HI
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
x.factor
seed
set
.LI HI
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
x.factor
seed
yie
ld (
gr)
.LI HI
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
8.5
0.54
0.50
0.46
0.42
0.44
0.48
0.52
Seed
set (%
)
0.56
HI LI HI LI
Yield (g)
Low fer:lity
Low fer:lity
High fer:lity
High fer:lity
+11%
Poor soil fer:lity can cancel pollina:on benefits
From the experiments to the real landscapes!
How to implement interven:ons to maximize biodiversity-‐based ecosystem services in real landscapes?
On-‐field and off-‐field interven:ons
Biological control of pests
Biocontrol of aphids in winter wheat Aphid control
Off-‐field: Gradient in semi-‐natural habitats (0-‐20%)
On-‐field: Till vs. no-‐:ll
Conserva:on :llage
Till
No-‐:ll
Till
No-‐:ll
What happens to crop yield and other ES?
Conserva:on :llage on mul:ple ES
IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY AND MANAGEMENT
CROP
SOIL SERVICES (SOM, SOIL FERTILITY etc.)
SOIL MANAGEMENT
POLLINATION BIOCONTROL
LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT
YIELD
The benefits of pollina:on and biocontrol depend on
soil quality!
I – Mapping of ecosystem services can be tricky
Current policy on ES is not evidence-‐based!
Mapping
Service benefits??? Drivers of change
EU policy
Land proper:es Service supply???
Fer:liza:on Tillage Organic farming Pest management …
… Hedgerows Flower strips Set-‐aside Landscape
II -‐ Innova:ve combina:ons of interven:ons
Local
Landscape
We need long-‐term data from complete crop rota:ons
Thanks for your amen:on!
Lorenzo Marini
DAFNAE-‐University of Padova
Giovanni Tamburini
Way forward: New evidence for ecological intensifica:on!
Business as usual
ELS (-‐3%)
ELS extra (-‐8%)
