Management of MPLS-based VPNs - POSTECHdpnm.postech.ac.kr/conf/apnoms2003/slide/Tutorials/... · 2003-10-20 · zTraffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS zManagement Framework

APNOMS2003 Tutorial, Youngtak Kim, Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANT Lab.), YeungNam Univ. 1

Management of MPLS-based VPNs

Management of MPLS-based VPNs

2003. 10. 1.

Youngtak Kim

Advanced Networking Technology Lab. (ANTL)Dept. of Information & Communication Engineering,

Yeungnam University, Korea([email protected])


Outline

This tutorial goes through …Framework of MPLS-based VPNs: L3VPN, L2VPN, VPLS

Traffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS

Management Framework of MPLS Network, MPLS MIBs

MPLS OAM for the Management of MPLS-based VPNs

Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution, SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview

Experiences in the design and implementation of a Management System for DiffServ-aware-MPLS (DoumiMan)

Conclusions and Discussions


Framework of MPLS-based VPNs


VPN (Virtual Private Network)

What is VPN (Virtual Private Network) ?Definition of VPN in RFC 2764 (A Framework for IP Based Virtual Private Networks) : “VPN is an Emulation of a private wide area network (WAN) facility using IP facilities (including the public Internet or private IP backbones).”CPE-based VPNNetwork-based VPN

General Requirements of VPNsOpaque packet transportData SecurityQuality of Service GuaranteesTunneling Mechanism


VPN Types

Types of IP based Virtual Private Networks (RFC 2764)Virtual Leased Lines (VLL)

Virtual Private Dial Network (VPDN)

Virtual Private Routed Network (VPRN)

Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS)


VPN Types (1): VLL

Virtual Leased Lines (VLL)Point-to-point link provided to a customer, connecting two CPE devices

the link layer type used to connect the CPE devices to the ISP nodes can be any link layer type: e.g. ATM VCC, Frame Relay circuit

ISP tunnel between two edge ISP nodes

CPEISPedgenode

ISPedgenode

CPEIP Tunnel

IP backbonenetwork

ATM VCC

ATM VCC


VPN Types (2): VPDN

Virtual Private Dial Network (VPDN)allows a remote user to connect on demand through an ad hoc tunnel into another site; the user is connected to a public IP network via a dial-up PSTN or ISDN

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocols (L2TP)

PPP session on the dial-up connection and L2TP tunnel

Host

Corp.Network

NAS(Network

LAC LNSIP

Backbone NetworkGatewaydialup

connection

L2TP TunnelPPP Session


VPN Types (3): VPRN

Virtual Private Routed Networks (VPRN)Emulation of a multi-site wide area routed network using IP facilities

CPE-based VPRN or network-based VPRN

packet forwarding is carried out at the network layer

a mesh of IP tunnels between ISP routers with VPN-specific routing/forwarding tables

CPEISPedgenode

ISPedgenode

CPEIP Tunnel

IP backbonenetwork

StubLink StubLink

ISPedgenode

IP Tunnel IP Tunnel

CPECPE

StubLink

StubLink


VPN Types (4): VPLS

Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS) (1)Emulation of LAN segment over IP using Internet facilities, with a Transparent LAN Service (TLS)A case of L2VPN service distinguished by the support of L2 broadcastCan be used to interconnect multiple stub CPE nodes, either bridges or routers, in a protocol transparent mannerEssentially equivalent to a VPRN, except that each VPLS edge node implements link layer bridging rather than network layer forwardingCPE routers would peer transparently across a VPLS with each other without requiring any router peering with any nodes within the VPLSVPLS topology can be

point-to-pointpoint-to-multipoint (hub and spoke)any-to-any (full mesh)mixed (partial mesh)hierarchical


Virtual Private LAN Segment (VPLS) (2)

CPE

ISPedgenode

ISPedgenode

CPE

IP TunnelIP backbone

network (Service Provider backbone)

StubLink

StubLink

ISPedgenode

IP Tunnel IP Tunnel

CPECPE

StubLink

StubLink

AccessNetwork CPECPE

VPLS AVPLS A

VPLS B

VPLSB

VPLSB

VPLS B

Logical Bridge


MPLS-based VPNs (1): BGP/MPLS IP VPNs

Multiple VRFs (VPN Routing and Forwarding tables) in PEsPE-CE attachment circuit is associated with exactly one VRFCarrier’s Carriers case

a VPN provided by an SP which is offering VPN services to its customersCE routers should support MPLSPE routers should distribute , to the CE routers, labels for the routes they distribute to the CE routersRouters at the different sites should establish BGP connections among themselves for the purpose of exchanging external routes

Multi-AS backbonetwo sites of a VPN are connected to different Autonomous SystemsIBGP is used to distribute routing information within an ASEBGP re-distribute routing information among (labeled VPN-IPv4 routes) from AN to neighboring ASMulti-hop EBGP redistribution of labeled VPN-IPv4 routes between source and destination ASs. VRF-to-VRF connections at the AS border routers


MPLS-based VPNs (2): L3PPVPN (Provider Provisioned VPN) /MPLS

Provider Edge (PE) (in PE-based VPN) or Customer Edge (CE) (in CE-based VPN) determine how to route VPN traffic by looking at the IP and/or MPLS headers of the packets they receive from the customer’s edge devicesMPLS LSP is used as the tunnel among PE-PE (in PE-based VPN), or CE-CE (in CE-based VPN)

CEdevice

PEdevice

PEdevice

PEdevice

PEdevice

CEdevice

CEdevice

PEdevice

PEdevice

Tunnel(MPLS LSP)

PEdevice

PEdevice

Tunnel(MPLS LSP)

VPN tunnel

VPN tunnel

VPN tunnel

VPN tunnel

SP Network A

SP Network B SP Network C

dual homing

dual homing Backdoor

link


MPLS-based VPNs (3): L2PPVPN (Provider Provisioned VPN) /MPLS

Provides pseudo wire or emulated LAN service on provider networkVirtual Private Wire Service (VPWS): each CE device is presented with a set of Point-to-Point virtual circuit Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS): each CE device has one or more LAN interfaces that lead to a “virtual backbone” to make multipoint-to-multipoint VPN (LAN emulation service)

CE 1

L2 VPN A PEdevice

CE 4

PEdevice

CE 2

L2 VPN A

PEdevice

CE 3

L2 VPN A

L2 VPN B AccessNetwork CE 5

L2 VPN B

Service ProviderBackbone

Logical Switching Instance(provides Pseudo wire or emulated LAN)


L2PPVPN Provisioning Models

Overlay Model

CustomerSite A(Hub)

CustomerSite B(Hub)

CustomerSite C

(Spoke)

CustomerSite D

(Spoke)

CustomerSite E

(Spoke)

Service Provider Network

PE

PE PE

PECE

CE

CE

CE

CE

CustomerSite A

CustomerSite B

CustomerSite C

CustomerSite D

CustomerSite E

Service Provider NetworkPE

PE PE

PECE

CE

CE

CE

CE

Routing information is exchanged between customer and service provider routers

Routing information is exchanged between customer and service provider routers

Service provider routers exchange customer routes through the core network

Peer-to-peer Model


Traffic Engineerings based onDiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS Network


GMPLS OXC-LSR

GMPLS/DWDM-OXC layer Network

MPLS, MSPPLayer network

IPRouter

IP Layer network

IPRouter

IPRouter

Multimedia/Video

Archives

Multimedia/Video

Archives

GbESW

GbESW

GbESW

LSP

IPRouter

Storage Access Network (SAN)

GbEVPN

NGI with IP, MPLS and WDM Optical Network

MPLS, MSPP/MSPP

TDMSONET/SDH

(Circuit SwitchedService)


Guaranteed Bandwidth & QoSBandwidth:

Committed Data rate (CDR)/ Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS)

Peak Date Rate (PDR)/ Peak Burst Size (PBS)End-to-end Packet Transfer Delay: Propagation delay + Queuing delayLimited Jitter (delay variation)Limited End-to-end Packet loss

Differentiated Service provisioning with Different priority/weightPremium service, controlled service Best effort service

Hierarchical traffic engineering with TE-Tunnels (LSPs) for extremely broadband networking with WDM optical lambda/fiber switchingMaximized utilization of available bandwidth & resources

Objectives of Traffic Engineering in NGI (1)


Objectives of Traffic Engineering in NGI (2)

Two major objectives may be conflictingGuaranteed Bandwidth & QoS

Maximized resource utilization

in order to guarantee strictly bandwidth and QoS, strict bandwidth & resource reservation is required

if bandwidth & resource are strictly reserved and not used, underutilization problem occurs => general phenomenon in current telephone network

Solution to get both objectives ?controlled bandwidth borrowing among service class-types within a TE-LSP

controlled redistribution of extra-available bandwidth among TE-LSP


MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching)

source(IP address A)

destination(IP address B)

Ingress Node

Egress Node

IP datagram

IP datagram

MPLS Domain Network

LER 11

LER 12

LER 21

LSR 10

LSR 20

LSR 30

LSR 40

LER 31

LER 41

LER 42

IP header (destAddr=B, srcAddr=A) IP payload

label i

i

label j

j

label k

k

label m

m


MPLS Label

Label: Label Value, 20 bits (0-16 reserved)Exp.: Experimental, 3 bits (was Class of Service)S: Bottom of Stack, 1 bit (1 = last entry in label stack)TTL: Time to Live, 8 bits

Layer 2 Header(eg. ATM

VC/VP, PPP, 802.3 MAC)

•••

MPLS ‘Shim’ Headers(Label Stacking)

Label Exp S TTL20 3 1 8

32-bit (4-bytes)

IP Header IP Payloadlabel stack n(s=1)

label stack 1(s=0)

Shim Header


Traffic grouping with Label Stacking

LSP 121

LSP 111

LSPlevel (k-1) Packet Flow

P1P2

LSP 120

LSP 110LSP 100

LSP 110

LSP 120

LSP 111

Packet FlowP1P2

LSPlevel (k)

LSPlevel (k)

LSPlevel (k+1)

LSPlevel (k-1)

LSP 121

R1R1 R2

R2 Rn-1Rn-1 Rn

Rn

LSP 111 ingress

(push a label)swapping

RiRi

LSP 100ingress

(push a label)

• • • • • •

LSP 111 egress

(pop a label)

LSP 110 ingress

(push a label)

LSP 110 egress

(pop a label)

Ri+1Ri+1

LSP 100egress

(pop a label)


GMPLS-based Optical Transport Networking

GMPLS-Signaling + OAM/LMP

NIC

IP

TCP/UDP

Application

Host A

LSP

PSC-LSR(Optional Core)

O-NIC(WDM)

MPLSNIC

IP

IP Router

O-NIC(WDM)

PSC-LSR(Edge)

IPMPLS

O-NIC(WDM)

O-NIC(WDM)

GMPLS-Signaling for optical network

Internet control & management protocols(RIP, OSPF, BGP, DVMRP, MOSPF)

Traffic engineering with fault management & performance managementfor Internet Transit Network

fiberbundle

O-NIC(WDM)

OXC-LSR(Core)

OXCO-NIC(WDM)

OXC-LSR(Core)

OXC

SDH/SONET

MainFrame

GbESW

Metro-GbENet

PSTNHDN MSPP

GFP-FGFP-T

O-NIC(WDM)

LCAS GMPLSSignaling


QoS-guaranteed Service Provisioning in NGN

QoS-guaranteed VPN/VPLS ServiceQoS-guaranteed Broadband Multimedia Service

QoS-guaranteed Broadband Content Distribution Network / Storage Access Network

Edge Node(DiffServ-aware

MPLS LER)

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

MPLS LSR

MPLS LSR

GMPLS Core Network

GMPLS/Broadband Transport Network (All Optical, O-O-O)

(DiffServ-aware-GMPLS)

PE(VPLS-awareMPLS LER)

Customer PremisesNetwork A(IP Router)

CE


Customer PremisesNetwork B(IP Router)

CE


MPLS LER)


MPLS LER)


MPLS LER)

TGW

AGW

NarrowbandMultimedia/

PSTN


Cellular/Mobile

TGW

AGW

NarrowbandMultimedia /

PSTN


Cellular/Mobile

Broadband ContentDistribution Network

(CDN/SAN)

Broadband ContentDistribution Network

(CDN/SAN)


Control Plane and Management Plane of QoS-guaranteed NGN/(G)MPLS

AutonomousSystem (AS) 1

EN


EN


EN ENNNI NNI

QoS-guaranteed NGN Backbone NetworkDiffServ-aware-GMPLS/OXC 광전달망

End-to-End QoS

NGN Backbone Network Performance/QoS

CE UNI

CustomerPremises

Network (CPN) A

CEUNI

CustomerPremises

Network (CPN) B

Access Network QoS Access Network QoS

Control Plane

End-userapplicationplatform

Admissioncontrol &

ConnectionControlagent

End-userapplicationplatform

QoS/callRequest QoS Request (GMPLS Signaling)

QoS Request &Resource

AllocationNotification

Resource Allocation (GMPLS Signaling)Resource Allocation

Management Plane

ResourceManager &

GMPLS OAM/NMS

ResourceManager &

GMPLS OAM/NMS

Admissioncontrol & Connection

Controlagent

ResourceManager &

GMPLS OAM/NMS

Inter-ASQoS Negotiation

BGP-TE

Inter-ASQoS Negotiation/

BGP-TE

WirelessAccess

NetworkWireless/Mobile

PSTN,SAN/CDN

BroadbandAccess

Network

EN

WirelessAccess

NetworkWireless/Mobile

PSTN,SAN/CDN

BroadbandAccess

Network

EN


MPLS Traffic Engineering

Fast packet switchingFast packet switching by using fixed short label, instead of long address matching in IP packet routing

based on existing fast data link layer switching technologies (e.g. ATM, FR)

Traffic engineering with Connection-oriented LSP (Label Switched Path)

more predictable network control and management

Constraint-based Routing; Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF)

Forwarding Equivalent Class (FEC)source/destination IP address range : min, max

source/destination port range : min, max

Type of Service (ToS)


Service Level Agreement (SLA)

Service Level Agreement (SLA)A contract between a service provider and a customerSpecifies, usually in measurable terms, what QoS the service provider will provide

Traffic Parameters: Committed Data Rate (CDR)/CBS+EBSQoS Parameters: Delay, Jitter, Packet Loss RateService Availability: Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)/Mean Time to Restoration of Service (MTRS)


Constraint-based Routing in MPLS

Traffic parameters of the constraint-based routing for LSPbandwidth of LSP : peak data rate, committed data rate

Modification of Link State Database for constraint-based routingtraffic parameter

available bandwidth at each link : number of lambda channels, bandwidth of each lambda channels

Additional QoS parameter propagation delay

Combined cost metric

Modification of OSPF shortest path routingconstraint-based routing with traffic parameters: bandwidth, QoS, resource class, class of failure protection SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group)


Example of Constraint-based Routing

1

2

3

6

8

9

7

10

13

1415

20

19

18

17

11

16

12

4

8205M

114420M

82800010M

Seattle

San Francisco

Salt Lake City

Los Angels

Denver

Phoenix

Houston

Dallas

Minneapolis

Chicago

St. Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Atlanta

Miami

Washington D.C.

Detroit

New York

Boston

74510M

3805M

68810M

38110M

81610M

106750M

92050M

86100050M

780100M

52100050M

40910M

29710M

28610M

84510M

28500010M

454100M

2465M 352

10M

39300010M

3945M

47310M

86100010M

66110M

63210M

53410M

6405M

834 10M211 5M

237 5M

5

Rapid city61110M657

10M 38950M

Physically shortest path.But can not provide the

requested 7 Mbps bandwidth !!


Example of SRLG-disjoint Backup Path Routing

1

2

3

6

8

9

7

10

13

1415

20

19

18

17

11

16

12

4

8205M

114420M

82800010M

Seattle

San Francisco

Salt Lake City

Los Angels

Denver

Phoenix

Houston

Dallas

Minneapolis

Chicago

St. Louis

Memphis

New Orleans

Atlanta

Miami

Washington D.C.

Detroit

New York

Boston

74510M

3805M

68810M

38110M

81610M

106750M

92050M

86100050M

780100M

52100050M

40910M

29710M

28610M

84510M

28500010M

454100M

2465M 352

10M

39300010M

3945M

47310M

86100010M

66110M

63210M

53410M

6405M

834 10M211 5M

237 5M

5

Rapid city61110M657

10M 38950M

Constraint-routed shortest path that can provide 7

Mbps bandwidth !!

Shared Risk Link Group (SRLG) – disjoint backup

path with


Factors on End-to-End Transfer delay, Jitter

Queuing delay in M/D/1 queue

Mean time in Queue

Packet loss and buffer size calculated by heavy traffic approximation:

RBstw •

−=•

−=

)1(2)1(2 ρρ

ρρ

RBsstt wq •

−−

=•

+

−=+=

)1(2)2(1

)1(2 ρρ

ρρ

−−==>

ρρ12exp)(} size SystemPr{ xxQx

ρ : link utilization


Bandwidth Borrowing among LSPswithin an TE-LSP

LSP j (weight = y)

LSP k (weight = z)

Excess available bandwidth

TE-LSP

Borrowing/re-allocation of available/unused bandwidth

LSP i (weight = x)needs more bandwidth

under utilization

under utilization


Re-distribution of Extra Available Bandwidth among Tunnel (TE)-LSP

Available Excess Bandwidth

User LSP Inner Tunnel LSP Outer Tunnel LSP

_

_ _

ii

kk

i ji j i

imm

wa v a i la b le B W L S P e x t r a A v a i la b le B Ww

wa v a i la b le B W L S P a v a i la b le B W L S P

w

= ×

= ×

∑

∑

PHY LINK

LSPi(wi)

LSPj(wj)

LSPi1(wi1)

extraAvailableBW

LSPi2(wi2)

LSPj1(wj1)

LSPj2(wj2)

(a) Controlled Bandwidth Redistribution/Borrowing(b) Hierarchical/Recursive Redistribution of

Available Bandwidth


Differentiated Service (DiffServ)

NCT (Network Control Traffic)

Packet Transmissionwith Link Speed X(LSP : PDR/PBS,

CDR/CBS+EBS)

Packet Scheduling

Expedited Forwarding (EF)

Assured Forwarding (AF)

Best Effort Forwarding (BEF)

Traffic Shaping

Packet Discarding

(algorithmic dropping)

Pack

et C

lass

ifier

Smoothing (averaging)

Buffer depth

IP Packetflow input

Met

erin

g, A

ctio

n, A

lgor

ithm

ic D

ropp

ing

DiffServ Packet Processing Model


Example of DiffServ Class-type and Performance Objectives

000 000U10-3UUBest effortserviceBest effortBE

001 000Committed rate10-3U1

secFTP

E-mailLow loss bulk

dataAF1


msecData base

WebTransaction

dataAF2


msecTerminal session

Custom app

Transaction data,

interactiveAF3

100 000Committed rate10-350

msec400

msecVideo

conferenceJitter sensitive,real-time high

interactionAF4

101 110Peak rate10-350 msec

100 msecVoIP

Jitter sensitive,real-time high

interactionEF

111 000 /110 000Peak rate10-3U100

msecRIP, OSPF,

BGP-4Minimized error,

high priorityNCT1/NCT0

DSCPBandwidthdefinition

packetLossRatio

JitterDelayExampleObjectiveClass-type

(Note : a) U : undefined, b) Drop precedence of AF4~AF1 : 010, 100, 110)


Per Hop Behavior (PHB)

Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) The externally observable forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node to a DS behavior aggregateThe means by which a node allocates resources to behavior aggregatesDefines hop-by-hop resource allocation mechanismExample of PHB

Guarantee minimal bandwidth allocation ( x % of a link or tunnel)Guarantee minimal bandwidth allocation (x % of a link or tunnel) with proportional fair sharing of any excess link capacityBuffer allocationPriority relative to other PHBs

PHBs are specified as a group (PHB group) for consistencyPHBs are implemented in nodes by means of some buffer management andpacket scheduling mechanisms


Metering & Marking

Parameters for Metering & Marking

TC(t) –B ≥ 0TP(t)-B ≥ 0

andTC(t) –B < 0

TP(t)-B < 0PDR/PBSCIDR/CBS

Two RateThree Color Marker

(TRTCM)

TC(t) –B ≥ 0TP(t)-B ≥ 0

and TE(t)-B ≥0

TE(t)-B < 0CDR/CBS+EBS

Single RateThree Color Marker

(SRTCM)

GreenYellowRedParameters

(Note: B: arrived packet size, TE(t): token count of excess rate token bucket, TC(t): token count of committed rate token bucket, TP(t): token count of peak rate token bucket)


Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) Provisioning Traffic parameters

Peak RateAverage rate, Sustainable rate with burst toleranceMinimum rateFrame rate with max. frame size

QoS ParametersEnd-to-end transfer DelayDelay variance (Jitter) toleranceBit/Packet/Frame error rate

Maximized bandwidth & resource utilizationBandwidth over-bookingBandwidth sharing, borrowing

Integrated Traffic Engineering for DiffServ-aware-MPLS


Per Class-Type Queuing (1): RED (Random Early Detection) Queue

Drop Probability

Average Queue LengthTHmin THmax

1Pmax

Pmin

Probabilisticpacket drop

Buffer level

TH minTH max

Discard Discard with increasing probability Pa

Do not discard

0


Per Class-Type Queuing (2): WRED (Weighted Random Early Detection)

QueueDrop Probability

Average Queue Length

THmax(0…7)THmin(0) THmin(7)

1

Pmax(0..7)

(a) Default WRED Drop Probability Configuration

Drop Probability

THmax(0…7)THmin(0) THmin(7)

1

Pmax(0)

Pmax(7) Average Queue Length

(b) WRED case 1

Average Queue Length

Drop Probability

THmax(7)THmin(0) THmin(7)

1

Pmax(0)

Pmax(7)

THmax(0)

(c) WRED case 2

(Note: THmin(i) =(1/2 + i/8)*THmax


DiffServ Packet Scheduler

Hierarchical Packet Scheduler

Priority Scheduler

Priority Scheduler

Rate-basedscheduler

(WRR or WFQ)

Rate-basedscheduler

(WRR or WFQ)

NCT1

NCT0

EF

AF4

AF3

AF2

AF1

BF

priority

priority

priority

priority

Min rate

Min rate

Min rate

Min rate

shaping rate(PDR/PBS,

CDR/CBS+EBS)

Traf

fic S

hape

rTr

affic

Sha

per

priority


DiffServ-aware-MPLS Traffic Engineering

IP PacketStream

Pack

et C

lass

ifier AF 4 Two Rate Three Color

Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS)

NCT1 Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS)

NCT0 Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS)

EF Single Rate Three Color Marker (CIR/CBS+EBS)

AF 3 Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS,

CIR/CBS+EBS)AF 2 Two Rate Three Color

Marker (PIR/PBS, CIR/CBS+EBS)

AF 1 Two Rate Three Color Marker (PIR/PBS,

CIR/CBS+EBS)

BF

drop?

drop?

drop?

drop?

drop?

drop?

drop?

drop?

Rat

e-ba

sed

pack

et sc

hedu

ler

Prio

rity-

base

d pa

cket

sche

dule

r

CR-LSP(Traffic Parameters :- Peak Data Rate(PDR)- Peak Burst Size (PBS)- Committed Data Rate (CDR)- Committed Burst Size (CBS)- Excess Burst Size (EBS)- Weight- Resource Class / Color =“gold”)

Multi-field Packet Classification

Per-Class-typeMetering/Marking

Packet Dropping(algorithmic drop according

to averaged buffer depth)

packet scheduling

traffic shaping

user

B CR-LSP(Traffic Parameters,

Resource class= “silver”)

CR-LSP(Traffic Parameters,

Resource class= “bronze”)U

ser C AF1, 2, 3, 4

EF (or AF1)NCT 0/1

BE (default)

AF1, 2, 3, 4EF (or AF1)

NCT 0/1

BE (default)

TE-LSP

Maximum Capacity/

Aggregate BW

Allocated BW

Un-reserved BW

Policy-based MPLS Traffic Trunk (TE-LSP) Management, Load Balancing

rt/nrt-VBR traffic

CBR realtime trafficVPN control message

rt/nrt-VBR traffic

CBR realtime trafficVPN control message

Use

r(U

serG

roup

) A


Traffic Policing and Traffic Shaping

ClassifyMeasure

Configured rate

No match

Incomingpackets

Queuing method

Outgoing packets

WFQ/FIFO

Pack

et

Sche

dule

r

Metering/Marking

Token bucket

Aggregatedcommitted

rateToken bucket

Per-classcommitted

rate


Management Framework of MPLS Network


DiffServ-aware-MPLS Traffic Engineering for QoS-guaranteed Service Provisioning

Collection & Analysis

of Performance Measurement

results

DiffServ-aware-G/MPLSRouter parameter setting

(Bandwidth allocation, Queuing, packet scheduling)

Network Planning & Provisioning

(Re-) configuration of logical topology, Network load balancing

GMPLS/OXC TE-LSP (traffic trunk)

Real-time per-flow

optimization

Mid-termoptimization

Long-termoptimization

End-to-end QoS & performance measurement

Node & Link, DiffServ-aware-ELSP QoSperformance monitoring

QoS-guaranteed GMPLS/OXC Backbone Network

Service LevelAgreement (SLA)

- QoS parameter- Traffic Parameter

(QoS/SLA Standards)

QoS-guaranteedRealtime Multimedia

Service Request/Subscription

O-NNI

Access Net QoS

Access Net QoS

O-UNICE

CustomerPremises

Network (CPN) A

Intra-net

O-UNICE

CustomerPremises

Network (CPN) B

Intra-net

DiffServ-aware-GMPLS/OXC

Network(AS 1)

DiffServ-aware-GMPLS/OXC

Network(AS 2)PE PEPE PE


ITU-T I.371 Traffic Management Framework

UPC: Usage Parameter ControlCAC: Connection Admission ControlPC: Priority Control

NPC: Network Parameter ControlRM: Resource ManagementOthers: Spacing, Framing, Shaping, etc

Inter-Network(NNI)

NPC- CAC- RM- PC- Others

Network B

User-Network Interface(UNI)

Optional TrafficShaping

UPC- CAC- RM- PC- Others

Network A

CPN

CPN


Network Performance related Standards (1)

I.356 ATM Bearer Service QoS Standard

UUUUUU Class

defaultnone6msec400msecClass 4(stringent class)

defaultUUUClass 3(stringent class)

defaultnoneUUClass 2(tolerant class)

defaultnone3msec400msecClass 1(stringent class)

CERCLR0CLR0+12-pt.CDVCTD


Network Performance related Standards (2)

ITU-T Y.1540/1541 IP QoS Standards

U1 × 10-4Packet Error Rate

U1 × 10-31 × 10-31 × 10-31 × 10-31×10-3Packet Loss Rate

UUUU50ms50msPacket Delay Variance

U1s400ms100ms400ms100msPacket Transfer Delay

Class 5un-specifiedClass 4Class 3Class 2Class 1Class 0Service Class

QoS ClassNetwork

PerformanceParameter


OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

GMPLS Core Network

Provider Network(NG-SDH/SONET Network)

NG-SDH/SONET(GFP, Virtual Concatenation)

CPN B(SONET/SDH,

Highspeed Leased Line, GbE)


CPN A(SONET/SDH,

Highspeed Leased Line, GbE)

SDH SDHOXC/

OADMOXC/

OADMOXC/

OADMOXC/

OADM

DiffServ-awareMPLS LER

CPN A(IP Router) CE


VPN A(GbE) CE


CPNB

(IP Router)CE


VPN B(GbE)CE

NG-SDH/SONET(GFP-T)

SAN A(Fiber Channel, ESCON,

FICON, DVI)SDH


SDH Video/MultimediaDatabase Archive

SML

NML

EML

Performance management

EML-PM

SML-PM

NML-PMNML-Monitoring

NML-Analysis& Control

NML-Tuning

Fault management

NML-FMNML-FC

NML-AM NML-TDS

EML-FM EML-FCEML-AM EML-TDS

SML-FM

Connection management

EML-CP

NML-CP

LNC

CC

CSM

SSM

Configuration management

SML-ConfM

LNTC

NML-TC

EML-TC

Management Interface: CLI, CORBA, XML, SNMP, TMN/CMIP

Network Management System(NMS) for NGN


QoS-guaranteed NGN Networking Model


MPLS LER)

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

OXC/OADM

OXC/OADM

MPLS LSR

MPLS LSR

MPLS LSR

GMPLS Core Network

GMPLS/광전달망(All Optical, O-O-O)(DiffServ-aware-GMPLS)

Provider Edge(VPLS-awareMPLS LER)

Customer PremisesNetwork A(IP Router)

CE

Provider Edge(VPLS-awareMPLS LER)

Customer PremisesNetwork B(IP Router)

CE


MPLS LER)


MPLS LER)


MPLS LER)

TGW

AGW


PSTN


Cellular/Mobile

TGW

AGW


PSTN


Cellular/Mobile

광대역 멀티미디어분배망 서비스

(CDN/SAN)

광대역 멀티미디어분배망 서비스

(CDN/SAN)

QoS-guaranteedIP networking

System(CPN)


System(ISP)


System(ISP)

QoS-guaranteed IP networking

System(CPN)

SNMP/CLI SNMP/CLI

SNMP/CLI

IIOP/CORBA

SNMP/CLI


System(ISP)

IIOP/CORBA

IIOP/CORBA

IIOP/CORBA

SNMP/CLI

AS 1 AS 2


Distributed Traffic & Network Management System for multiple Autonomous Systems (AS)

DiffServ-aware MPLS Network



CPNA

CPNB

MPLSTransit

LSR

MPLSTransit

LSR

MPLSTransit

LSR

Autonomous System 1 Autonomous System 2Autonomous

System 2

Constraint-basedShortest Path First

(CSPF) Routing

EMS EMS EMS

NMS

Constraint-basedShortest Path First

(CSPF) Routing


Interactions among MPLS Management Modules

IIOP

ConfigurationMgmt

ConfigurationMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

FaultMgmtFaultMgmt

EMS

ConfigurationMgmt

ConfigurationMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

FaultMgmtFaultMgmt

NMS

CustomerPremise Network

CPN(Intranet)

CustomerPremise Network

CPN(Intranet)

Generic AdapterServiceObject

ServiceObject

ServiceObject

ServiceObject

SNMPinterfaceSNMP

interfaceRMA

interfaceRMA

interfaceCLI

interfaceCLI

interface

NE interfaceNE interface

RMARMA

DNS

MPLS Transit Network (AS 1)

IIOP

SNMP SocketTELNET

MPLSTransit

Network(AS 2)

Generic Adapter


Management Interfaces (EMS-Agent, EMS-NMS)

Command Line Interface (CLI)proprietary CLI definition by each vendor

most detailed operations and management information

CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)/OMGdistributed object computing infrastructure

Manager-to-manager connection

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)XML-RPC

SOAP

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)SNMP MIBs for MPLS-based VPN/VPLS

Delayed update compared with data access by CLI (Command Line Interface)


Standards of MPLS Network Managements (1)

1) MPLS Management Overview:- Related document: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Management Overview, draft-ietf-mpls-

mgmt-overview-08.txt, August 2003.- Overview of MPLS Network Management and Related MIB- MPLS MIB의 OID (Object Identifier) tree structure:



2) TC-MIB- Related document: Definitions of Textual Conventions for Multiprotocol Label

Switching (MPLS) Management, draft-ietf-mpls-tc-mib-05.txt, Nov. 2002.- Describes textual conventions for use in definitions of management information for

MPLS networks

3) LSR-MIB- Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switching Router

(LSR) Management Information Bases, draft-ietf-mpls-lsr-mib-09.txt, Oct. 2002.- Describes MOs for modeling MPLS LSR (Label Switch Router) LSR- interface configuration table (mplsInterfaceConfTable)- in-segment (mplsInSegmentTable), out-segment (mplsOutSegmentTable) tables- cross-connect table (mplsXCTable)- label stack table (mplsLabelStackTable)- traffic parameter table (mplsTrafficParamTable): index, MaxRate, MinRate,

MaxBurstSize



4) TE-MIB- Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering

Management Information Base, draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-09.txt, Nov. 2002.- ping (ICMP echo request) based hop-by-hop fault localization and path tracing - in ping mode (basic connectivity check), ping packet is sent through user packet

delivery LSP, the egress LSR delivers the ping packet to control plane- in traceroute mode (fault isolation), ping packet is sent to the control plane of each

transit LSR node, which performs various checks and returns further information that helps check the control plane against the data plane

5) LDP-MIB- Related document : Definitions of Managed Objects for the Multiprotocol Label

Switching (MPLS) Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), draft-ietf-mpls-ldp-mib-09.txt, Oct. 2002.

- Defines 4 MIBs for Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) establishment and monitoring : MPLS-LDP-MIB, MPLS-LDP-Generic-MIB, MPLS-LDP-ATM-MIB, MPLS-LDP-Frame-Relay-MIB



6) FTN-MIB- Related document : Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Forward Equivalency

Class-to-Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry Management Information Base, draft-ietf-mpls-ftn-mib-05.txt, Oct. 2002.

- Defines MIBs of the mapping and related operations of MPLS FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) and NHLFE (Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry)

7) Bundle MIB- Related document : Link Bundling Management Information Bases, draft-ietf-mpls-

bundle-mib-04.txt, Nov. 2002.- Defines MIBs for grouping TE Links into a bundled link

8) VPN-MIB- Related document : MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network Management Information

Base using SMIv2, draft-ietf-ppvpn-mpls-vpn-mib-05.txt, Nov. 2002.- Defines the MIB for MPLS/BGP VRF (VPN Routing and Forwarding) based VPN

configuration


MPLS Network Configuration Management

MPLS Configuration ManagementInstallation support

support the installation of equipment and related softwareinstallation operations, sequencing and scheduling the operation to achieve maximum efficiency and minimum interference with ongoing operations

Provisioninga set of procedures that bring already installed equipment into serviceNE configurationInitialization of Network Topology resource and activationsNetwork resource reservation and locking/unlocking for service provisioning

Status and controlStatus request & report of network resourceNetwork resource maintenance

Network Resource Auto-discovery (optional) dynamic resource discovery automatic configuration & topology mapping real-time map generation


MIBs for Configuration Managements

MPLS LSR MIBmplsInterfaceConfTable, PerfTablemplsInSegmentTable, PerfTablemplsOutSegmentTablemplsXCTablemplsLabelStackTablemplsTrafficParamTable

MPLS TE MIBmplsTunnelTable, ResourceTable, HopTable, ARHopTable, CHopTablemplsTunnelPerfTable, CRLSPResTable

MPLS TE-Link MIBteLinkTable, DescriptorTable,SrlgTable, BandwidthTablecomponentLinkTable, DescriptorTable,SrlgTable, BandwidthTable

MPLS LDP MIBMPLS LDP Generic MIBMPLS LDP ATM MIB, FrameRelay MIB


Example of MPLS Network Configuration MOs (1)

10.0.0.7Loopback address

Serial 1/1 (connected with xxx)Serial port name

620 [kbps]QoS bandwidth

Weighted fair queuingQoS queue

Class-defaultQoS class map

Operational-yesStatus

10.0.70.2address

Serial Port

Drop ratio 0 bps, packets marked QoS status

EF, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4QoS class map

Port Up, line protocol upstatus

165.229.167.201address

Fast Ethernet Port

1 Fast Ethernet4 Serial network interface1 Packet_over_Sonet (POS) network interface

Total number of activated slots/ports

MPLS Signaling protocol

OSPF, BGPRouting Protocol

12.2(8)TIOS version (Cisco Router)

Cisco 7200Router Version

7204_GRouter Name

Node

ExampleAttributesManaged Objects


Example of MPLS Network Configuration MOs (2)

10.0.0.2 (3620_B의 loopback address)Neighbor loopback address (TDP id)

Serial 0/0 (3620_B port) / 10.0.30.1Neighbor router serial port name / address

3620_BNeighbor router name

Router, bridge_switchNeighbor equipment

Neighbors

10.0.0.6Loopback address

Pos4/0Serial port name

55000[kbps]QoS bandwidth

Weighted fair queueQoS queue

Class-defaultQoS class map

ShutdownStatus

10.10.2.2address

PoS port(Packet over

SONET)

ExampleAttributesManaged Objects


MPLS Connection Managements

MPLS Tunnel LSP (TE-LSP) Connection ManagementsMPLS Tunnel LSP Establishments and Maintenance

Constraint-based Shortest Path First (CSPF) routing for Constraint-based LSP Setup

Request MPLS LER/LSR to set up LSP: Automatic routing mode or explicit routing mode

Set up LSP traffic parameter and QoS parameter

Update of Traffic parameter and QoS parameter of MPLS Tunnel LSPModification of traffic parameter and QoS parameter of tunnel LSP

Establishment of backup LSP for MPLS Fault ManagementSRLG-disjoint backup path routing

Establishment of working LSP for backup LSP: explicit routing mode


Connection Management for DiffServ-over/aware-MPLS on Optical Internet

IIOP

ConfigurationMgmt

ConfigurationMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

FaultMgmtFaultMgmt

EMS

ConfigurationMgmt

ConfigurationMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

ConnectionMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

PerformanceMgmt

FaultMgmtFaultMgmt

NMS

IIOP

OXC OXC OXC

OXC OXC OXC

LSR

DiffServ-aware-LER

DiffServ-aware-LER

fiber link

LSR

DiffServ-aware-LER

DiffServ-aware-LER

fiber link

fiber link

LSR

DiffServ-aware-LER

DiffServ-aware-LER

fiber link

LSR

DiffServ-aware-LER

DiffServ-aware-LER

optical path(lambda channels)

fiber link fiber link

fiber link fiber link fiber linkfiber link

fiber link

traffic trunk(tunnel LSP)

WDM Optical Domain NetworkMPLS Domain network


Example of MPLS LSP MOs (1)

Freq, Min [kbps], Max [kbps]Auto-bandwidth (optional)

0x0 ~ 0xFFFFFFFFAffinity

500,000 usec (default) – modifiableTraffic param - delay

1514 bytesTraffic param – MTU

9 [kbps]Traffic param – bandwidth

Setup priority 1Holding priority 1Traffic param - priority

10.0.30.2, 10.0.40.1Next addresses (explicit route)

10.0.0.4Destination address

10.0.0.2Source address

Tunnel_0104_1Tunnel name

LSP

ExampleAttributeMO


Example of MPLS LSP MOs (2)

Protection functions provided at Physical LayerPhysical backup type

Shared risk link group IDSRLG_ID

Bit error rate at Physical linkResidual bit error rate

Jitter at LSR with MPLS packet switchingJitter

Propagation delay according to the physical distance, and packet processing delay including MPLS packet switching, port buffering at LSR

Propagation & processing delay

Allocated bandwidth in [Mbps]Reserved bandwidth

Available bandwidth in [Mbps]Available bandwidth

Link total capacity in [Mbps]Total capacity

Link State

Operational-yes Operational status

ActiveAdministration status

Fast Ethernet, Serial Port, POSLink type

Neighbor LSR ID (Receiver)

Interface address

Link/Port ID

LSR ID (Transmitter)

LSR and Port

ExampleAttributeMO


Parameters for Constraint-based LSP Establishment

SRLG-disjoint backup LSP SRLG

1+1, 1:1, M:N, 1:N, on-demandBackup_type

Weight for Weighted Fair SchedulerWeight

Setup priority, holding priorityPriority

Platinum, gold, silver, bronzeService class

Service Category

Allowable packet loss ratioPacket loss ratio

Allowable jitter boundaryJitter bound

End-to-end delayEnd-to-end delay

QoS Parameter

Peak data rate(PDR)/Peak Burst Size (PBS)Committed Data Rate(CDR)/Committed Burst Size (CBS),

Excess Burst Size (EBS)BandwidthTraffic

Parameter

ExampleAttributeMO


MPLS Network Performance Management

Performance monitoring of MPLS Tunnel LSPMeasurement of Throughput at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS)Measurement of delay, jitter at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS)Measurement of packet loss at End-to-End LSP and Boundary of Autonomous System (AS)

Performance analysis of MPLS Tunnel LSPCompare and analyze LSP’s SLA (service level agreement) performance parameters and the monitored resultsDetermine any seriously deteriorated performance

performance control & tuning of MPLS Tunnel LSPUpdate/Reallocation of operational Parameters (Bandwidth, Link Utilization) to maintain the performance of End-to-end LSP and LSP segments of Autonomous System (AS) : Adjustment of allocated bandwidth, Queue buffer size or scheduler parameterRerouting of LSP routeOverall Network Load Balancing

MPLS VPN Performance ManagementMeasurements of Aggregated Throughput, Packet Transfer Delay, Packet Loss Rate at MPLS VPN Interfaces (CE-PE, PE-PE)Measurements of Packet Mis-delivery Ratio among MPLS VPN


MPLS Network Fault Management (1)

Establishment of Backup LSP for MPLS working tunnel LSPSRLG disjoint back LSP routing and LSP setupAllocation of Backup LSP resource for 1+1, 1:1, M:N, 1:N mode

Fault Detection and NotificationFault detection ad notification at Physical Layer Link, port or NodeFault detection ad notification by MPLS signaling and packet forwarding moduleNotification of Seriously deteriorated MPLS LSP Performance

Analysis and Localization of FaultsFault correlation and localizationFind Root Cause of the FaultsFind the location of root cause Determine the Affected tunnel LSP and VPN

Fault RecoveryFault Recovery by Protection switching or restorationProtection Switching of User Traffic using Backup LSPEstablish a new back LSP Redefine the function and the route of working LSP and backup LSP at Fault restoration


MPLS Fault Management (2)

Differentiated Backup Path Reservations (Example)

Backup Path UtilizationReservation with NO TrafficReservation with Lower Priority Traffic of possible preemption

Fault RestorationUse Span(segment) Protection Restoration is based on the Subnetwork(Segment)

Best EffortLowestLowest0Best effort

Lower

Normal

Higher

Highest

Preemption Priority

Controlled traffic

Premium service

VPN

High Priority VPN

Application

Lower

Normal

Higher

Highest

Setup Priority

100%, 1:N

100%, M:N

100%, 1:1

100%, 1+1

Bandwidth Reservation

Gold

Bronze

Silver

Platinum

MPLS Service Class


Example of Seriously Deteriorated Performance

More than 10% of transmitted dataPacket loss

More than 200% of agreed jitter limitJitter

More than 120% of agreed end-to-end delay limitEnd-to-end delay

Less than 80% of CDR (committed data rate)Available bandwidth

RemarksThreshold of severe degradationTraffic / QoS parameter


Fault Detection Functions of LSR Node

MPLS signaling module hello messageDegraded packet throughput, increased packet loss rate

Power degradationSwitching capability lossMalfunctioning componentsExcessive temperature

Node failure

Network Interface Card (NIC) fault monitoring

Loss of LightFiber cutLambda channel fault

Port/Link

MPLS signaling module (CR-LDP, RSVP)의 hello messagePacket mis-delivery

Faults in Switching ElementsFaults in packet/ label processingMPLS Switching

Module

Fault Detection (Example)Fault TypeModule


MPLS Fault Recovery Objectives (Example)

250 msTotal allowable time from fault occurrence to complete fault restoration

Total Fault Restoration

Time

50 msProtection Switching of user traffic from faulty working LSP to Backup LSP

Protection Switching to Backup LSP

50 msFault notification to ingress LER / egress LERFault Notification

Physical Layer: 50 nsMPLS LSP: 150 msMPLS LSR: 3 sec

Fault Detection at Physical LayerFault Detection at LSPFault Detection at LSR

Fault Detection

Target ValuesFault Recovery ParameterFunction


Standards related to MPLS Fault Management

IETF Draft MPLS-based fast reroute

IETF Draft MPLS recovery framework

IETF Draft MPLS RSVP-LSP Fast reroute

MPLS OAM Requirements

RFC 2925, Remote Ping, Trace Route, Lookup

RFC 3479, Fault Tolerance for the LSP




MPLS OAM

OAM (Operation, Administration, Maintenance)Layer Management Protocol for Network Layer, Data Link Layer, Physical Layer: e.g. ATM VP/VC Layer OAM, Physical Layer OAM, SONET OAMFault OAM for fault monitoring, fault notification

alarm indication signalremote defect indication (RDI)continuity check (CC)loopback test

Performance OAM for performance monitoring, performance analysisForward monitoringBackward monitoring

Configuration OAM for administrative configuration of links, operational status monitoring

link configuration and status managementneighbor discoverye.g Layer Management Protocol (LMP) of WDM Optical Link


Related Works on MPLS OAM

Current Standardization Status of MPLS OAMGeneral frameworkMajor considerationsNo detailed implementation methods

IETF Internet Draft, “A Framework for MPLS User Plane OAM,” David Allen (ed.), February 2003.

Implications for fault management: connectivity verification, etc.Implications for performance management: line quality monitoring, etc.

IETF Internet Draft, “OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks,” Thomas Nadeau et. al., February 2003.

service level agreement (SLA) measurement: availability, latency, packet loss, jitteralarm suppression and layer coordinationsupport for OAM interworking for fault notificationerror detection and recovery

IETF Internet Draft, “Detecting Data Plane Liveness in RSVP-TE”, Oct. 2001.LSP Ping


Requirements of MPLS OAM Functions

Basic Requirements of MPLS OAM functionsFault management OAM should be able to provide fault detection, on-demand verification, fault localization, notification of LSP failure information

Performance management OAM should be able to provide performance monitoring to check the provisioning of traffic throughput & QoS (end-to-end delay, jitter, packet loss rate) that is defined in service level agreement

Interactions of MPLS signaling and User-plane OAMUser plane OAM: based on in-band OAM packets to monitor real status of user plane connections

MPLS signaling: out-of-band signaling, separated connections from the user plane connections


Design of MPLS Performance Management OAM Functions

Performance Monitoring OAM of User Plane Data PathThroughput

total delivered data size / unit time intervalDelay

d(n) = Tarrival(n) – Tdeparture(n)Jitter (variance of transfer delay)

j(n) = |d(n) – d(n-1)|Packet loss rate

(total transmitted packets – total delivered packets) / total transmitted packets

Severely degraded performancee.g. excessive delay at realtime interactive communication, excessive packet loss, excessive jittershould be handled in the same manner of fault


Proposed Format of Performance Monitoring OAM Packet

OAM Type OAM Function PDU LengthIngress LSR IdentifierEgress LSR Identifier

LSP IdentifierSequence Number

Time StampNumber of Total Transmitted Packets

Total Transmitted Data Size [Byte]Optional Information

10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 2 30

(LSR: Label Switched Router; LSP: Label Switched Path)


Design of MPLS Fault Management OAM Functions

Fault Detectionby fault management OAM packet: continuity check by lower protocol layer: e.g. loss of light (LOL), loss of signal (LOS)

Fault Notification by MPLS OAM packetForward Defect Indication (FDI)Backward Defect Indication (BDI)Egress LER(Label Edge Router) -to-Ingress LER notification

Fault Notification by MPLS SignalingRSVP-TE notify messageCR-LDP notification messageFault notification by intermediate LSR that detected link fault by network interface card (NIC); Note) in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) network, it is very hard to insert OAM packets by intermediate node


Scenario of Fault Notification by MPLS signaling

PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LSR 120PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LSR 121PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LER 110(ingress node)

PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LSR 220PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LSR 221PHY

TCP/UDP

CR-LDP

MPLSIP

OSPF-TE/BGP

TE A

gent

LER 211(egress node)

working LSP

backup LSP

link failure detection

link failure notification

TE agentcontrolsthe rerouting


Loopback Test OAM

LSR120 LSR140 LER110

LER150

LSR130

timeout

timeout

(a) Node-by-node sequential loop-back test

(b) Roll-call loop-back test


OAM Type OAM Function PDU LengthLoop-back start LSR IdentifierLoop-back end LSR Identifier

LSP IdentifierLoop-back operation mode (sequential or roll-call)

Optional data

10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 2 30

Note) Loopback test operation mode:0: node-by-node sequential loop-back test1: roll-call loopback test mode

Proposed Format of Loopback Test OAM Packet


Implementations and Experiments

Network Simulation Environment: NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) GMPLS Simulator (GLASS: Gmpls Lightpath Agile Switching Simulator): http://dns.antd.nist.gov/glass/Networking Simulator for Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)

DiffServ-over-MPLSMPLS NetworkingWDM Optical SwitchingGeneral Internet Applications over TCP/UDP, IP

Included MPLS OAM functions to monitor, analysis network operational status


Network Simulation for DiffServ-over-MPLS

Note : the transit link between LSR 220 and LSR 221 has been designed to be bottleneck !!

Network ConfigurationServerClient

LSR120 LSR 121

LSR 220 LSR 221 LER211

100

LER110

101 (EF, 1 Mbps)

LER111

LER210

200 201 (AF, 4Mbps)

LER150

LER151

LER212

202 LER213

203 (AF, 4 Mbps)

103 (AF, 2 Mbps)105 (BF, 3 mbps)102

104

150

152154

151 (EF, 1 Mbps)153 (AF, 2 Mbps)

155 (BF, 3 Mbps)

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

6.6Mbps

13.2

Mbp

s

13.2

Mbp

s

17.6 Mbps

(Priority Sched)

(WFQ Sched)

(WFQ Sched)

(WFQ Sched)(WFQ Sched)

(WFQ Sched)


Traffic Generation

100 ~ 450WFQW=3PDR = 4,500CDR = 3,000BE154 – 155

100 ~ 450WFQW=2PDR = 3,000CDR = 2,000AF152 – 153

50 ~ 500PriorityP=1PDR = 4,500CDR = 3,000BE104 – 105

100 ~ 450WFQW=1PDR = 1,500CDR = 1,000EF150 - 151

100 ~ 400WFQW=4PDR = 6,000CDR = 4,000AF200 – 201

200 ~ 350WFQW=4PDR = 6,000CDR = 4,000AF202 - 203

Priority

Priority

Packet Scheduling(DiffServ)

PDR = 3,000CDR = 2,000

PDR = 1,500CDR = 1,000

Traffic Parameters

(LSP) [kbps]

P=3

P=5

Priority/Weight(DiffServ)

50 ~ 500AF102 – 103

50 ~ 500EF100 – 101

Traffic Generation duration

[simulation time in sec]Traffic

typeSrc - Dest

(EF: Expedited Forwarding, AF: Assured Forwarding, BE: Best Effort Forwarding)


Di f f Ser v Tr af f i c Moni t or i ng (Node160, WFQ schedul i ng)

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

4

63

122

181

240

299

358

417

476

535

t i me (sec)

bandwidth (bps)

Node154

Node152

Node150

sum(WFQ)

Di f f Ser v Tr af f i c Moni t or i ng (Node 110, Pr i or i t y Schedul i ng)

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

4

62

120

178

236

294

352

410

468

526

t i me (sec)

bandwidth (bps)

Node104

Node102

Node100

sum(PRI )

(a) Priority Scheduling (b) WFQ scheduling

Bandwidth Monitoring of DiffServ Traffic


Di f f Ser v End-t o-End Del ayNode 110 ( Pr i or i t y Schedul er )

0

0. 2

0. 4

0. 6

0. 8

1

1. 2

4 69 134

199

264

329

394

459

524

t i me( sec)

dela

y(se

c)

Node104

Node102

Node100

(a) E-to-E Delay, Priority Scheduling (b) E-to-E Delay, WFQ scheduling

Di f f Ser v End-t o-End Del ayNode 160 (WFQ Schedul er )

00. 20. 40. 60. 8

11. 21. 41. 61. 8

4 69 134

199

264

329

394

459

524

t i me( sec)

dela

y(se

c)

Node154

Node152

Node150

Di f f Ser v Packet Loss Rat i oNode 110 ( Pr i or i t y Schedul er )

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

4 71 138

205

272

339

406

473

540

t i me( sec)

Pack

et L

oss

Rati

o(%)

Node104( Rati o)

Node102( Rati o)

Node100( Rati o)

Di f f Ser v Packet Loss Rat i oNode 160 (WFQ Schedul er )

0

10

20

30

40

50

4 72 140

208

276

344

412

480

548

t i me( sec)

Pack

et L

oss

Rati

o(%)

Node154(Rati o)

Node152(Rati o)

Node150(Rati o)

(a) Jitter, Priority Scheduling (b) Jitter, WFQ scheduling

End-to-end delay, Jitter


Notifications on Severe Performance Degradation


Link Failure Detection and Notification

Simulation scenario

Failure detection by NIC, Continuity check OAM

LSR120 LSR140 LER110

LER150

LSR130

Physical link error at 250 sec

(a) Failure Detection by NIC (b) Failure Detection by Continuity Check


Loop-back Test

Link Error at 250sec

10ms 15ms 15ms 10ms 15ms5ms


SPN’s MPLS BackboneCE

CE

CE

CE

PE

PE

Penultimate Hop LSR

PE

PE

Tunneled LSP

VLAN/Ethernet VC(Virtual Circuit) LSP

LSR

IntranetManagement(EMS/NMS)

IntranetManagement(EMS/NMS)

SPN(Backbone) Management(EMS/NMS)

Penultimate Hop LSR

TE

Age

nt

TE

Age

n tT

E A

gent

TE

Age

n tT

E A

gent

TE

Age

nt

MPLS-VPN Performance Management


MPLS-VPN PM Examples

Customer ACustomer BCustomer C

(a) Throughput




(b) Delay

(c) Jitter (d) Packet Loss Ratio


Test Network Configuration for Controlled Bandwidth Borrowing

LSP between A and B (4 Mbps)LSP between A and D (4 Mbps)

LSR-LSR : 20Mbps Host-LSR : 5 Mbps

LER ALER B

LER C

LER D

LSP between C and B (4 Mbps)

LSR-LSR : 10 Mbps

LSP between C and D (2 Mbps)

LSP 1

LSP 3

LSP 7

LSP 5

LSR X LSR Y10M20M

20M 20M

20M20M

Bottlenecklink


Dynamic Bandwidth Re-distribution

ScenarioTrigger bandwidth redistribution after 170sec

Trigger bandwidth rollback at 400sec

Bandwidth is not allocated to LSP 1,5 because of bottleneck link

However, LSP 3,7 are allowed to get extra-bandwidth.

(a) Throughput of LSP1, 3 (a) Throughput of LSP5,7


Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution,

SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview


Cisco VPN Solution (1)

Cisco VPN Solution Center Architecture API and Life-cycle Management


Cisco VPN Solution Center (2)

Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2: MPLS Solution (1)provides management of IP VPN services throughout the service life cycle including service provisioning and activation on customer-edge and provider-edge routers, service auditing and service-level agreement (SLA)provides external operations support systems (OSSs) access to the full capabilities of the Cisco VPN Solution Center using well-defined CORBA APIsOperators and upstream systems can add, delete, or modify customer MPLS VPNs and define associated VPN service topology (hub-and-spoke, full-mesh and extranet)Major functions:

Fault – Cisco Info CenterConfiguration – Cisco Provisioning CenterPerformance – Concord Network Health Monitor



Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2: MPLS Solution (2)



Key features of Cisco VPN Solution CenterRealtime provisioning

flexibly service activation

high-performance service auditing

service quality assurance

SLA monitoring and reporting

QoS provisioning and measurement for service differentiation

Templates for streamlined provisioning

Application integration and flow-through provisioningOSS interface – CORBA APIs, TIBCO event bus, Java and XML

fault management

performance and other extended management functionality


SheerTMBOS (1)

SheerTM Broadband Operating Supervisor (SheerTMBOS)


SheerTMBOS (2)

SheerTMBOS Solutions for Network ServicesDSL over ATM

ATM over Optical

IP

IP over ATM

IP Services over Optical

L2TP and MPLS VPN over Optical core over ATM

L2TP and MPLS IPVPN

VLAN

VLAN and MPLS/L2TP/IP


SheerTMBOS (3)

SheerTMBOS Supported NEs

Unisphere SSGSiemens

SMS 500 SSG, SMS 1800 SSGRedback

D50 DSLAMNokia

Shasta SSG, IMAS DSLAM, Passport ATM SwitchNortel

2000 CMTSMotorola

200 ATM Switch, 1000/4000 ATM SwitchMarconi

CBX500 ATM Switch, GX550 ATM SwitchLucent

HiFocus DSLAMECL

CE150 DSLAM, CE200 DSLAMCopper Mountain

6400 SSG, UBR 7200 CMTS, 7x00 Router, GSR 1200 Router, Catalyst, Tdsoft Hunt8200 Router, BPX ATM Switch, 6100 DSLAM, 6160 DSLAM

Cisco

36170(Newbridge) ATM Switch, ASAM DSLAM, MiniRam DSLAMAlcatel

Network Element (NE)Manufacturer


SheerTMBOS (4)

SheerTMBOS Auto Discovery of Topology, Inventory and ServicesDiscovery of the network elements and the corresponding layered entities that exist within them (e.g. interfaces, forwarding components)

Existing modules, ports/interfacesExisting logical entitiesMPLS labelsContexts/Virtual RoutersRouting Tables, Forwarding Tables, VRF Tables, Label Swapping Tables

Discovery of the relationships that exist between the entities in each layer(VC, VP, Ethernet MAC, PPPoA, 1483, 1Q tag) => Port(IP interface) => (1483R, Ethernet, .1Q, PPPoA, PPPoE)(Vbridge) => (Group of Interfaces)(VRF/Virtual Router) => (Group of Interfaces)

Discovery of the multi-layer network topologyPhysical TopologyATM (PVC, SVC, SPVC) TopologyEthernet, VLANs TopologyIP TopologyMPLS TopologyVPN Topology


SheerTMBOS (5)

SheerTMBOS – Managing IP-VPN Services over Broadband Networks

Network Inventory Auto-discoveryMPLS IP-VPN logical inventory

P and PE Global Label Forwarding TablePE Interface Specific Label Forwarding TableList of VPNs (PE)VPN Properties (PE)

– VPN VRF Table– VPN Route Target: Import/Export– VPN Router Distinguisher– VPN Site list & Properties for each VPN Site

Network Topology Auto-discoveryService Activation Operations

Create/Delete VPNAdd/Remove Site to VPNRequired identification parameters: VPN identifiers, connection point, site subnets (in case of static route is used between CE-to-PE)


Wandl’s IP/MPLSview (1)

Features of Wandl’s IP/MPLSviewHardware Device Models Supported: Cisco, Juniper, Riverstone, Foundry, and generic router types.

IP/MPLS-Configuration/Performance Management

IP/MPLS-Network Planning

VPN

BGP

MPLS-FRR

Extensive Report Generation - Aids all aspects of planning, designing, and troubleshooting IP/MPLS Core Backbones.

Flexible and friendly Graphical User Interface

Fully web-enabled User Interface



IP/MPLS Network Planning with Wandl’s IP/MPLSviewIP network configuration, LSP tunnel and traffic collectionDelta configuration generation for MPLS TE provisioningMulti-layer, Multi-protocol modeling according to exact equipment detailsLSP tunnel path placement and provisioningFast reroute (FRR)End-to-end path protectionMPLS LSP path generation/network groomingMulti-period traffic load analysisBasic design from scratchIncremental designDiversity/Resiliency designBottleneck analysisCapacity planning / traffic growthMulti-layered failure simulation and analysisWhat-if simulationStandard or customizable tariff databased



IP/MPLS Configuration and Performance ManagementNetwork centric operation of the MPLS traffic networkAutomated data collection – automatic discovery and incremental discoveryAutomatic discovery of network topologyWeb-accessible event browser tracks changes in network statusIntelligent multi-vendor IP/MPLS parsingPhysical and logical topology viewsDynamic reconfiguration of MPLS tunnelsNear real-time network monitoring: resource utilization, global network topology and traffic information display, interface/tunnel statistics, data collection via SNMPNetwork performance management and diagnosticsHistory reports and historical traffic data replayConfiguration and version control and archivingConfiguration conformance validationNetwork inventory reports from SNMP polling Integrity checking



Additional FeaturesBorder Gateway Protocol (BGP) model

Differentiated Services

VPN Model

State-of-Art Network Graphics

Fully Web-enabled User Interface

Wep reports

Extensive report generations


Experiences in the Design and Implementation of Management System

for DiffServ-aware-MPLS

DoumiMan (DiffServ-over-universal mplsinternet Manager)


Layered Network Management in DoumiMan(DiffServ-over-universal mpls internet

Manager)

IPRouter

MPLSLSR

IPConnectivity

TELSPDiffServELSP

IPMPLSRouter

Router

Link

IPNetwork

MPLSLSP

IPSubnetwork

MPLSNetwork

1 0..*1 0..*

PhysicalNetwork

FaultManagerHandler

PhysicalNode

PMHandlerForPort

Port

PMHandlerForLSP

PhysicalLayer

Network

MPLSLayer

Network

IP Subnetwork& VPNNetwork


O-O Design & Implementation for Extensibility


Auto-discovery of Physical Topology Informationthrough Telnet CLI (Command Line Interface)

7204_F

7204_HNMS

① show ip vrf

Pivot router

② no VRF related information

③ show cdp entry*,show cdp neighbors,show tag-switching tdp discovery

④ Information about Neighbors

⑤ show ip vrf

⑥ Information of VRF table

⑦ show ip route vrf vrf-nameshow ip protocols vrf vrf-name

⑧ Detailed information of VRF table(IP routing table on VRF,routing protocol on VRF)


Configuration Management GUI


DiffServ-aware-ELSP Connection Management


DiffServ 적용 구간NCT : Guaranteed BW

Best-effort : No QoS

Service type

DiffServ 적용 구간DiffServ 적용 구간NCT : Guaranteed BW

Best-effort : No QoS

Service type

DiffServ-aware-ELSP Performance Management


MPLS Fault Managements with NMS

Service Provider

Backbone (AS: 100)

AS: 200 AS: 300

CE(Customer Edge)

AS: 500AS: 400

NMS/EMS

CE(Customer Edge)

CE(Customer Edge)

CE(Customer Edge) PE

(Provider Edge)PE

(Provider Edge)

Fault Notification

(notification)Establish

Backup LSP(Rerouting)

Link Failure


Example of Fast Reroute in Cisco Routers


VPN GUIs


DiffServ-aware-MPLS VPN GUIs


Concluding Remarks

We discussedFramework of MPLS-based VPNs: L3VPN, L2VPN, VPLS

Traffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS

Management Framework of MPLS Network, MPLS MIBs


Commercial MPLS-VPN Management Systems: Cisco VPN Solution, SheerBOS, Wandl’s IP/MPLSview

Experiences in the Management of DiffServ-aware-MPLS VPN


References

[1] RFC 2764, A Framework for IP based Virtual Private Networks, February 2000.[2] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-rfc2547bis-00.txt, BGP/MPLS IP VPNs, May 2003.[3] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-framework-00.txt, A Framework for Layer 3 Provider Provisioned

Virtual Private Networks (PPVPNs), March 2003.[4] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l3vpn-vpn-vr-00.txt, Network based IP VPN Architecture using Virtual

Routers, May 2003.[5] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-l2-framework-00.txt, L2VPN Framework, Feb. 2003.[6] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-requirements-00.txt, Service Requirements for Layer 2 Provider

Provisioned Virtual Private Networks, Jan. 2004.[7] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-l2vpn-vpls-requirements-00.txt, Requirements for Virtual Private LAN

Service (VPLS), Oct. 2002.[8] IETF Draft, draft-lasserre-vkompella-ppvpn-vpls-02.txt, Virtual Private LAN Services over MPLS, June

2002.[9] RFC 3272, Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering, May 2002.[10] RFC 3564, Requirements for Support of Differentiated Services-aware MPLS Traffic Engineering, July

2003.[11] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-mgmt-overview-08.txt, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Management Overview, August 2003.[12] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-te-mib-12.txt , Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic

Engineering Management Information Base, August 2003.[13] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-tc-mib-09.txt, Definitions of Textual Conventions for Multiprotocol

Label Switching (MPLS) Management, August 2003. [14] IETF Internet Draft, draft-ietf-mpls-oam-requirements-01.txt, OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks,

June 2003.


[15] ITU-T Rec. Y.1710, Requirements for MPLS OAM.[16] ITU-T Rec. Y.1711, OAM Mechanisms for MPLS Network.[17] ITU-T Rec. Y.1720, Protection Switching for MPLS Networks.[18] ITU-T Draft Rec. Y.mplsperf, MPLS Performance.[19] IETF RFC3289, Differentiated Services MIB module [20] IETF draft-ietf-snmpconf-diffpolicy-07.txt, Differentiated Services Configuration MIB.[21] IETF RFC 3512, Configuring Networks and Devices With SNMP.[22] IETF RFC 3410, "Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet- Standard Management

Framework ", [23] IETF RFC 3289 Management Information Base for the Differentiated Services Architecture", , May 2002.[24] IETF RFC3411, "An Architecture for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Management Frameworks", Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, December 2002.[25] IETF draft-ietf-snmpconf-pm-13.txt, "Policy-based Management MIB", Work in Progress, Waldbusser,

S., J. Saperia, and T. Hongal, March 2003.[26] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-framework-03.txt, A Framework for Passive Packet Measurement, June 2003.[27] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-sample-tech-02.txt, Sampling and Filtering Techniques for IP Packet Selection,

June 2003.[28] Tanja Zseby, “Deployment of Sampling Methods for SLA Validation with Non-Intrusive Measurements,”

Proceedings of Passive and Active Measurement Workshop (PAM 2002), Fort Collins, CO, USA, March 25-26, 2002.

[29] IETF draft-ietf-psamp-mib-00.txt, Definitions of Managed Objects for Packet Sampling, [30] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-telink-mib-02.txt, Traffic Engineering Link Management Information Base, May

2003.[31] IETF RFC 3209, RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels, December 2001.


[32] IETF RFC 3469, Framework for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-based Recovery, February 2003.

[33] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-fastreroute-03.txt, Fast Reroute Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels,[34] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-lsp-ping-03.txt, Detecting MPLS Data Plane Failures.[35] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-fastreroute-mib-01.txt, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Traffic Engineering

Management Information Base for Fast Reroute, November 2002.[36] IETF RFC 3479, Fault Tolerance for the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), February 2003.[37] IETF RFC 2702, Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS, September 1999.[38] IETF draft-ietf-mpls-oam-requirements-01.txt, OAM Requirements for MPLS Networks, June 2003.[39] IETF RFC draft-ietf-mpls-bgp-mpls-restart-02.txt, Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP with MPLS,

October 2002.[40] IETF draft-ietf-policy-qos-device-info-model-10.txt, Information Model for Describing Network Device

QoS Datapath Mechanisms, May 2003.[41] IETF draft-ietf-policy-core-schema-16.txt, Policy Core LDAP Schema, October 2002.[42] IETF RFC 3060, Policy Core Information Model -- Version 1 Specification, [43] IETC RFC 3198, Terminology for Policy-Based Management, November 2001.[44] IETF RFC 3460, Policy Core Information Model (PCIM) Extensions, January 2003.[45] IETF draft-ietf-netconf-prot-00, NETCONF Configuration Protocol, August 11, 2003.[46] IETF RFC 2925, Definitions of Managed Objects for Remote Ping, Traceroute, and Lookup Operations,

September 2000.[47] IETF draft-ietf-disman-alarm-mib-14.txt, Alarm MIB, June 2003.[48] IETF draft-ietf-disman-event-mib-v2-02.txt, Event MIB, June 2003.[49] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-framework-02.txt , Real-time Application Quality of Service

Monitoring (RAQMON) Framework, June 2003.


[50] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-pdu-02.txt, Real-time Application Quality of Service Monitoring (RAQMON) Protocol Data Unit (PDU), June 2003.

[51] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-raqmon-mib-01.txt, Real-time Application Quality of Service Monitoring (RAQMON) MIB, June 2003.

[52] IETF draft, Application Performance Measurement MIB draft-ietf-rmonmib-apm-mib-10.txt, August 6, 2003.

[53] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-tpm-mib-09.txt, Transport Performance Metrics MIB, June 26, 2003.[54] IETF draft-ietf-rmonmib-sspm-mib-07.txt, Definition of Managed Objects for Synthetic Sources for

Performance Monitoring Algorithms, June 2003.[55] Thomas D. Naeau, MPLS Network Management – MIBs, Tools and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann

Publishing Co., 2003.[56] NIST GMPLS Simulator – A Scalable Discrete Event Simulator for the GMPLS-based Next Generation

Optical Internet, http://dns.antd.nist.gov/glass/.[57] MPLS Forum Super Demo 2002 – Test Plan & Results.[58] Petri Aukia et al., “RATES: A Server for MPLS Traffic Engineering,” IEEE Network Magazine,

Mar./Apr. 2000.[59] Wandal IP/MPLSView, http://www.wandl.com/html/mplsview/MPLSview_new.cfm.[60] Differentiated Services – Network Configuration and Management (DISCMAN), EURESCOM, 2000.[61] Sheer Broadband Operating Supervisor (BOS), Sheer Networks,

http://www.sheernetworks.com/solutions/overview.shtml.[62] TS Choi, SH Yoon, HS Chung, CH Kim, JS Park, BJ Lee, TS Jeong, “Wise<TE>: Traffic Engineering

Server for a Large-scale MPLS-based IP Networks,” NOMS2002, April 2002.pp. 251 ~ 264.


[63] Cisco MPLS Tunnel Builder Pro, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/netmgtsw/ps4731/prod_technical_reference09186a0080107b3a.html.

[64] Cisco VPN Solution Center 2.2, http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/netmgtsw/ps2327/.

[65] Youngtak Kim, “DoumiMan (DiffServ-over-universal-MPLS Internet Manager) for Guaranteed QoSProvisioning in Next Generation Internet,” ITRC Forum 2003, June 4, 2003.


Thank You !!!

Youngtak Kim, Ph.D., Associate ProfessorDept. of Information and Communication Engineering,

College of Engineering, Yeungnam University

(Tel: +82-53-810-2497, Fax: +82-53-814-5713, E-mail: [email protected])

Documents

Management of MPLS-based VPNs - POSTECHdpnm.postech.ac.kr/conf/apnoms2003/slide/Tutorials/... · 2003-10-20 · zTraffic Engineering based on DiffServ-aware-(G)MPLS zManagement Framework