By Group- D

What Is Malaria?

• A mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans and other animals caused by protists (microorganism)of the genus Plasmodium.• Name is derived from Italian ‘Mal’

aria’ or bad air.

• Most important cause of fever and morbidity in the Tropical world.

• Malaria has been infecting humans for over 50,000 years.

• First advances in malaria were made in 1880 by a French army doctor named Charles Laveran.

• Carlos Finlay discovered that mosquitoes transmitted diseases.

• In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655 000 deaths mostly among African children. (WHO)

LIFE CYCLE

Cause• A parasite is passed from one human to

another by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.

• There are four parasite species that cause malaria in humans:

1. Plasmodium falciparum

2. Plasmodium vivax

3. Plasmodium malariae

4. Plasmodium ovale.

Symptoms• Anaemia

• Chills

• Convulsion

• Fever

• Headache

• Jaundice

• Muscle pain

• Nausea

• Sweating

• Vomiting

MALARIA IN INDIA

• 90-95% cases reported from rural areas.

• Contributes about 70% of malaria in the South East Asian Region of WHO

• About two million cases and 1000 deaths attributable to malaria per year.

• 80.5% of the population lives in malaria risk areas

MALARIA IN ODISHA• Odisha contributes about 25% of the total

annual malaria cases.

• In 2010, Odisha saw the highest number of malaria deaths in the country at 247. 

• In 2011, 73 people died of Malaria. (NVBDCP)

• 28,000 people found suffering from malaria this year with no deaths reported.

• NVBDCP's Urban Malaria Scheme trying to curb mosquito breeding

• Trimming drains, water disposal and sanitation

• Emptying water containers once a week

STRATEGIES

• Observing a weekly "Dry Day".

• Trials on WHO sponsored long-lasting insecticide-treated nets

•  Introduction of the indoor residual spray (IRS) 

RISK FACTORS

• Rainfall

• Stagnant water

•Wrong feeding habits

• Faulty style of living

•Unhygienic surroundings

• Don’t keep stagnant water

• Poisoning the breeding grounds

• Pesticide DDT

• Using mosquito net and repellents

• Long sleeve clothes

• Health education by community participation.

PREVENTION

TREATMENTS

• Anti-malarial drugs like Chloroquine, Mefloquine.

• Quinine effective in treating some forms of malaria

• Vaccine- under research

• The most successful candidate developed to date is the RTS,S recombinant vaccine

Role of media in spreading awareness

CONCLUSION• The disease is a major health problem in

much of the tropics and subtropics. 

•  It presents a major disease hazard for travellers to warm climates.

• According to WHO, around 1.32 billion people are at the risk of contracting malaria in Southeast Asia. It marks April 25 as the World Malaria Day.

STAY SAFE

THANKYOU…!