Major Causes of

WWI

Nationalism

Rivalryover

colonies

ArmsRace

MilitaryAlliance

s

•DEFINED AS THE BELIEF IN THE SUPERIORITY OF ONE’S OWN NATION OR COUNTRY. You will do anything for your country.

• IN THE EXTREME IT CAN LEAD TO HATRED OR DEGRADATION OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

NATIONALISM

RIVALRIES OVER COLONIES LED TO BITTERNESS IN EUROPE

ARMS RACE

EACH COUNTRY IN EUROPE HAD A DESIRE TO BETTER ITS ARMY AND NAVY.

GREAT BRITAIN TRADITIONALLY HAD THE MOST POWERFUL NAVY IN EUROPE. GERMANY BEGAN TO EXPAND HER NAVY, WHICH CREATED TENSION BETWEEN THE TWO NATIONS.

FRANCE LOST THE ALSACE-LORRAINE REGION TO GERMANY IN THE FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR OF 1870.

INTRICATE AND SOMETIMES SECRET ALLIANCES IN EUROPE LED TO

OBLIGATIONS BUT ALSO DIVIDED LOYALTIES IF ATTACKED

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH GERMANY

WHO HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH ITALY. OTTOMAN

EMPIRE WAS ALLIED WITH

GERMANY AGAINST RUSSIA.

SERBIA HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH RUSSIA WHO HAD AN AGREEMENT WITH FRANCE WHO HAD AN

AGREEMENT WITH GREAT BRITAIN WHO HAD AN

AGREEMENT TO PROTECT

BELGIUM’S NEUTRALITY

System of Alliances

• Triple Alliance• Germany• Italy• Austria-Hungary

• Triple Entente• France, • Great Britain• Russia

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND AND FAMILY

HEIR TO THE AUSTR0-HUNGARIAN THRONE WAS ASSASSINATED

TOURING SERBIA

BY GAVRILO PRINCIP, A MEMBER OF AN

ORGANIZATION CALLED BLACK HAND, WHO

WANTED INDEPENDENCE FOR THE REGION FROM

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

LEAD TO WAR

COUNTRIES RUSHED TO FULFILL THEIR ALLIANCE

OBLIGATIONSAnd AVENGE THE MURDER

WORLD WAR I BEGAN 1914JUNE 28 ARCHDUKE FERDINAND ASSASSINATED

JULY 28 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR ON SERBIA

AUGUST 1 GERMANY DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA

AUGUST 3 GERMANY DECLARED WAR ON FRANCE

AUGUST 4 GERMANY INVADED NEUTRAL BELGIUM WHICH PROMPTED BRITAIN TO DECLARE WAR THE SAME DAY

AUGUST 4 PRESIDENT WILSON DECLARED POLICY OF NEUTRALITY FOR THE UNITED STATES

AUGUST 6 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY DECLARED WAR ON RUSSIA

AUGUST 23 JAPAN DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY

OCTOBER 29 OTTOMAN EMPIRE JOINED THE WAR ON THE SIDE OF THE CENTRAL POWERS

New Technology

RAILWAYS

EVEN THOUGH NOT A NEW TECHNOLOGY, PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN SUPPLYING AND TRANSPORTING

TROOPS

SHIPS, ALTHOUGH NOT A NEW TECHNOLOGY, WERE VITAL TO SUPPLY TROOPS AND CONTROL

PORTS

ZEPPELINS HAD BEEN USED FOR PASSENGER TRAVEL PRIOR TO THE WAR AND DURING THE WAR BECAME FIGHTER

AIRCRAFT

THESE PHOTOS SHOW THE DEVASTATION OF A ZEPPELIN

ATTACK

AIRPLANES ENTERED THE SCENE

SUBMARINES, CALLED “U-BOATS” BY THE GERMANS, WERE USED TO SINK SUPPLY

SHIPS

TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED CANNONS

MACHINE GUNS

TANKS WERE FIRST INTRODUCED

POISONOUS GAS

TRENCH WARFARE

MOST OF THE TIME IN THE TRENCHES

WAS SPENT WAITING FOR THE

FIGHTING TO BEGIN

SLEEPING TOOK PLACE IN SHIFTS

SO SOMEONE WAS ALWAYS

WATCHING THE ENEMY

Trench Foot

“OVER THE TOP”

“NO MAN’S LAND”

THE AREA BETWEEN THE

TRENCHES WAS THE MOST

DANGEROUS PLACE TO BE

BALLOONS WERE USED FOR FINDING THE POSITION OF THE ENEMY AND FOR RESCUE OF FALLEN SOLDIERS

AERIAL VIEW OF THE TRENCHES

FIELD KITCHENS

THE RED CROSS AND THE Y.M.C.A. HELPED TO CARE FOR THE WOUNDED SOLDIERS

AND DELIVERED ITEMS FROM HOME

SALVATION ARMY

VOLUNTEER WRITING A

LETTER HOME FOR THE

WOUNDED SOLDIER

ANIMALS AT WAR

DEBATE OVER JOINING THE WAR

REASONS FOR JOINING THE WAR

LUSITANIA

ZIMMERMAN NOTE

DECLARATION OF WAR

Slide 3

HOW DID MOST AMERICANS FEEL ABOUT JOINING THE WAR IN EUROPE?

MOST PEOPLE WANTED TO REMAIN NEUTRAL

NOT OUR FIGHT

EUROPE TOO FAR AWAY

WAR WAS EXPENSIVE

DIVIDED LOYALTIES Immigration

Trade

Money invested

LUSITANIA SUNK, 1915

BRITISH PASSENGER SHIP SUNK BY A GERMAN U-BOAT IN 1915. MORE THAN 1,000 PEOPLE KILLED INCLUDING

128 AMERICANS.

THE ELECTION OF 1916

WILSON RAN ON THE SLOGAN “HE KEPT US OUT

OF WAR!” HOWEVER HE KNEW THAT THE U.S. WAS

GETTING CLOSER TO ENTERING THE WAR

DEMOCRAT PRESIDENT WOODROW WILSON

REPUBLICAN SUPREME COURT JUSTICE CHARLES

EVANS HUGHES

HUGHES CHALLENGED WILSON’S

UNWILLINGNESS TO STAND UP TO THE

GERMANS

Zimmermann Note/TelegramJanuary, 1917

• Telegram intercepted by British agents from German foreign minister to German ambassador in Mexico

• Proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico

• Promised if U.S. entered war, Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona

• U.S. says “Oh, no you didn’t!”

Zimmermann Note/Telegram

POLITICAL CARTOON ON

THE ZIMMERMAN

NOTE

British Blockade: U.S. refused to break through thus Germans didn’t receive

supplies. GERMANY ANNOUNCED THEY WOULD RESUME THEIR U-BOAT CAMPAIGN

AND SINK ALL (INCLUDING AMERICAN) SHIPS IN THE WAR ZONE. GERMANS WERE STARVING

FROM THE BRITISH BLOCKADE

WILSON CLUNG TO THE HOPE THAT GERMANY WOULD NOT ACTUALLY ATTACK U.S. SHIPS,

HOWEVER IN MARCH FOUR UNARMED American MERCHANT SHIPS WERE SUNK,

WITH 36 LIVES LOST.

FEBRUARY 1, 1917

WILSON ASKED CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR APRIL 2, 1917

CONGRESS DECLARED WAR APRIL 6, 1917“Whereas the Imperial German

Government has committed repeated acts of war against

the Government and the people of the United States of

America; Therefore be it Resolved by the Senate and

the House of Representatives of the United States of America

in Congress Assembled, that the state of war between the

United States and the Imperial German Government which has

thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby

formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby,

authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United

States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the

conflict to a successful termination all of the

resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United

States.”

EXCERPT FROM THE WAR DECLARATION

•MOBILIZATION

•AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE

Slide 3

REQUIRED ALL MALES BETWEEN THE AGES OF 21-30 (LATER CHANGED TO 18-45) TO REGISTER FOR THE

DRAFT

ABOUT 24 MILLION MEN REGISTERED, 23% OF TOTAL POPULATION

ABOUT 11,000 WOMEN VOLUNTEERED AS NURSES, CLERICAL WORKERS AND TELEPHONE OPERATORS

SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT MAY 18, 1917

GENERAL JOHN J. PERSHING, COMMANDER OF THE AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCE IN WWI

"ALL A SOLDIER NEEDS TO

KNOW IS HOW TO SHOOT AND

SALUTE."

SOLDIERS LEFT FOR FRANCE

COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION

PROPAGANDA POSTERS

ANTI-GERMAN SENTIMENT

ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS

PAYING FOR THE WAR

WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD, WAR LABOR BOARD, WAR TRADE BOARD, FOOD ADMINISTRATION, FUEL ADMINISTRATION

WOMEN AND MINORITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WAR

INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC OF 1918

Slide 3

COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION: CREATED BY PRESIDENT WILSON TO SPREAD

PRO-WAR PROPAGANDA

LED BY JOURNALIST

GEORGE CREEL

WAR PROPAGANDA POSTERS

War Propaganda Poster (75 points)

• Directions: You will create a War Propaganda poster for the Current War in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syrian conflict. If you choose a different conflict, please clear it with me prior to. You should compare and contrast the WWI posters that I have shown you in the Power Points. Take a stand on one side or the other, for or against, and make a poster trying to persuade others to see your side of the issue.

• Things that need to be included:• *Must be colored• *Large and small text

• No nudity, swear words, or inappropriateness!•

• You will be graded on:• Effort• Neatness• Message• Put on a Normal piece of paper!• No lined paper!

Espionage and Sedition Act of 1917

LAWS PASSED THAT SEVERELY RESTRICTED PEOPLE WHO SPOKE OUT AGAINST THE WAR EFFORT.

+Anti-Immigrant Hysteria:

*targeted Germans and Austro-Hungarians

CIVIL LIBERTIES RESTRICTED DURING THE WAR

INCOME TAX CREATED IN 1913Amendment XVI

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without

apportionment among the several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.Raised income tax for higher incomes.

BONDS: THE GOVERNMENT BORROWS MONEYMakes people feel they are contributing to war effort

HOW DID THE U.S. GOVERNMENT PAY FOR THE WAR?

KIDS WERE ENCOURAGED TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE LOAN DRIVES AS WELL