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Emergency Operations PlanKathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities:A Pilot Application in Metro Manila and Kathmandu
February 28, 2010
http://www.emi-megacities.org
Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Copyright (c) 2010 German Federal Foreign Affairs Office and EMI
Permission to use this document is granted provided that the use of document or parts thereof is for educational, informational, and non-commercial or personal use only. EMI and the German Federal Foreign Affairs Office must be acknowledged in all cases as the source when reproducing any part of this publication.
This project is partially funded by the German Federal Foreign Office through the German Committee for Disaster Reduction (Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge e.v. - DKKV).
For Further information on this project contact:EMI2F Puno Bldg. Annex, 47 Kalayaan Ave., DilimanQuezon City 1101, PhilippinesT/F: +632 9279643; T: +632 4334074Email: [email protected]: http://www.emi-megacities.org
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities:A Pilot Application in Metro Manila and Kathmandu
Emergency Operations PlanKathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
February 28, 2010
iv Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
vEmergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Acronyms
APF ArmedPoliceForceCBO community-basedorganizationCAAN CivilAviationAuthorityofNepalCDRC CentralDisasterReliefCommitteeCNDRC CentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeCONOPS ConceptofOperationsDDRC DistrictDisasterReliefCommitteeDHM DepartmentofHydrologyandMeteorologyDHWG DisasterHealthWorkingGroupDKKV DeutschesKomiteeKatastrophenvorsorgeDMG DepartmentofMinesandGeologyDOF DepartmentofForestDOLIDARDepartmentofLocalInfrastructureDevelopmentandAgriculturalRoadsDSCWM DepartmentofSoilConservationandWatershedManagementDWIDP DepartmentofWaterInducedDisasterPreventionEMI EarthquakesandMegacitiesInitiativeEOC EmergencyOperationsCenterEOP EmergencyOperationsPlanESF EmergencySupportFunctionFFO GermanFederalForeignOfficeICIMOD InternationalCenterforIntegratedMountainDevelopmentICS IncidentCommandSystemIOE InstituteofEngineeringJFO JointFieldOfficeJIC JointInformationCenterJICA JapanInternationalCooperationAgencyKMC KathmanduMetropolitanCityMACC Multi-agencyCommandCenterMOA MemorandumofAgreementMOU MemorandumofUnderstandingMOAC MinistryofAgricultureandCooperativesMOHA MinistryofHomeAffairsMOHP MinistryofHealthandPopulationMOIC MinistryofIndustryandCommerceMOES MinistryofEducationandSportsMOF MinistryofFinanceMOFA MinistryofForeignAffairsMOFSC MinistryofForestMOLD MinistryofLocalDevelopmentMOLJ MinistryofLawandJusticeMOLRM MinistryofLandReformandManagementMOLT MinistryofLaborandTransportMOPPW MinistryofPhysicalPlanningandWorks
vi Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
MOWR MinistryofWaterResourcesNA NepalArmyNGO nongovernmentorganizationNP NepalPoliceNPC NationalPlanningCommissionNRCS NepalRedCrossSocietyNSET NationalSocietyforEarthquakeTechnology--NepalPDA preliminarydamageassessmentPIO publicinformationofficerPOC pointofcontactWHO WorldHealthOrganizationNASC NepalAdministrativeStaffCollegeOCHA OfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairsSAR searchandrescueSOP standardoperatingproceduresSWC SocialWelfareCouncilTU TribhuvanUniversityWMD weaponsofmassdestructionUN UnitedNationsUNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
viiEmergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Contents
Acronyms........................................................................................................................................................................... v
Table of Contents......................................................................................................................................................... vii
List of Figures................................................................................................................................................................... xi
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................................................... xi
Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................... xiii
Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................................... 1
PART I: Introduction................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.1. Purpose of the KMC Emergency Operations Plan (EOP)........................... 10
1.2. Objectives................................................................................................................................. 10
Goal, Vision, and Challenge ........................................................................................................... 10
1.3. Organization of the Plan ................................................................................................ 11
Basis for the KMC Basic Plan ....................................................................................................... 12
Framework for the Basic Plan...................................................................................................... 13
PART II: Basic Plan for How KMC Responds to a Disaster................................................................. 15
2.1. Legal Authorities ................................................................................................................. 16
Laws for Response Operations ................................................................................................. 16
Organization Chart: Nepal Disaster Management under the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act of 1982 ................................................................................... 16
Local Self Governance Act, 1999 ............................................................................................. 16
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 (Recently Approved) .......................................................................................................... 17
Additional Relevant Legislation (5) for Nepal & KMC Emergency Management System ................................................................................. 18
2.2 Hazards & Demographics ............................................................................................. 18
National Hazardscape ..................................................................................................................... 18
1934 Kathmandu Valley Earthquake ....................................................................................... 19
Earthquake Hazard Assessment for KMC ........................................................................... 19
Location, Physical Setting, and Population of Kathmandu ........................................... 20
National Land-Use Management System ............................................................................ 20
2.3 KMC Emergency Management Policies ................................................................. 21
2.4 KMC Planning Assumptions (for a large earthquake disaster)................... 22
2.5 KMC Concept of Operations for Response ....................................................... 23
Emergency Operations Center will be Organized (EOC) ........................................ 23
Activation of the KMC Emergency Operations Center .............................................. 24
EOC Organization under the Incident Command System ....................................... 24
Responsibilities of the Chief of the Emergency Operations Center & Staff Positions ................................................................................................................. 25
Responsibilities of the Emergency Operations Section ............................................... 25
Responsibilities of the Emergency Planning & Intelligence Section ........................................................................................................................... 26
Responsibilities of the Emergency Logistics and Resource Section ...................... 26
viii Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Responsibilities of the Emergency Finance and Administration Section ............ 27
2.7 Sequence of Action ........................................................................................................... 28
Non-Emergency Normal Operations ................................................................................... 28
Pre-Incident Actions ......................................................................................................................... 28
Response Actions and Short-term Recovery Actions ................................................. 28
Additional Direction and Control (for next version of Plan) .................................. 30
PART III: Response Roles & Responsibilities and Emergency Support Functions ................. 31
3.1 Emergency Management Responsibilities for Kathmandu Metropolitan City .................................................................................... 32
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 32
Elected Representatives (Mayor, Board, Council): Responsibilities.......................... 32
Head of Emergency Management (Disaster Management Section): Responsibilities ....................................................................................................................................
Coordinator of Emergency Management: Responsibilities ........................................ 32
KMC Departments and Divisions: Responsibilities ......................................................... 32
Departmental Roles Identified by Emergency Support Functions (ESFs).......... 33
Emergency Support Function (ESF) Matrix ....................................................................... 33
ESF General Description of Purpose and Scope of Responsibilities..................... 35
3.2 Preparedness Responsibilities of the KMC Disaster Management Section ................................................................................... 35
3.3 Organizational Relationship of the KMC Disaster Management Section within KMC .......................................................................... 36
3.4 KMC Reporting Relationships to the Local Disaster Relief Committee .............................................................................................................. 37
Functions and Duties of the Local Disaster Relief Committee ............................... 37
Relationship of KMC to the Local Disaster Relief Committee (to be Defined) .................................................................................................................................. 37
KMC Department Common Activation and Reporting Procedures.................... 37
3.5 KMC Information Tracking and Reporting Procedures................................... 38
3.6 Central Government Support Role ........................................................................ 38
3.7 International Organizations Support Roles (United Nations).................... 39
United Nations Development Programme Emergency Management Structure for Nepal ............................................................................................ 39
3.8 Additional Resources Support to KMC ................................................................ 40
Certified Search and Rescue Personnel ............................................................................... 40
Citizen Disaster Volunteer Teams ............................................................................................. 40
3.9 Private Sector Role in Disasters ................................................................................ 41
PART IV: Plan Maintenance, Promulgation & Distribution, Exercise & Training Schedule.... 43
4.1 Plan Development and Maintenance Schedule.................................................. 44
Plan Maintenance Scheduled Update Every Two Years................................................. 44
Continued Plan Development on Annual Basis ............................................................... 44
Revision of Plan Required with New Nepal Constitution, 2010............................. 44
4.2 Promulgation Document (Sample Format) ......................................................... 45
4.3 Approval & Implementation Document (Sample Format) ....................... 46
ixEmergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
4.4 Record of Changes Document .................................................................................. 47
4.5 Record of Distribution Document ........................................................................... 48
4.6 Exercise and Training Schedule for Emergency Operations Plan.............. 49
Exercise Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 49
Trainings & Exercises Conducted and Accomplished..................................................... 49
PART V: Supplemental Information on Plan Background, Nepal Emergency Management System, Hazards, Demographics, and Capabilities ................................ 51
5.1 Background on Plan Development .......................................................................... 52
Origins of Project .............................................................................................................................. 52
Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 52
Addressing the Problem ................................................................................................................ 52
Approach to Development of the KMC Emergency Operations Plan .............................................................................................................................. 53
5.2 Emergency Management Structure for Nepal ................................................... 53
Nepal Disaster Management Structure under the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, of 1982 .................................................................................................... 54
Ministry of Home Affairs, Narcotics, Drug Control, and Disaster Management Functions & Responsibilities ....................................................... 55
Central Disaster Relief Committee Functions .................................................................. 56
Regional Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Membership...................................... 57
Regional Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Functions ........................................... 57
District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Membership ....................................... 58
District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Functions .............................................. 58
5.3 Role: Ministry of Water Resources Department of Water-induced Disaster Prevention ........................................................................................................... 58
5.4 Medical Response as Described by the Disaster Health Working Group ................................................................................................... 59
Medical Response Policies for a Concept of Operations ........................................... 59
Additional Remarks .......................................................................................................................... 59
5.5 Other Organizations and Agencies involved in Disaster Management in Nepal ............................................................................... 59
5.6 Municipal Level Emergency Management System ........................................... 60
5.7 Ward/Community Level Emergency Management System ....................... 60
5.8 Additional Guidelines and Procedures for Response Operations........... 61
Ministry of Home Affairs National Action Plan, 1996 .................................................. 61
Disaster Management System in Nepal, September 2001.......................................... 61
5.9 KMC Legal Status of Disaster Management Section ...................................... 61
Organizational Structure of Disaster Management Section ..................................... 62
5.10 Natural Hazards & Recent Disasters ...................................................................... 64
Recent Disasters ................................................................................................................................ 64
Earthquakes .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Earthquake Hazard Assessment ................................................................................................ 65
Floods, Landslides and Debris Flow ........................................................................................ 65
Fire ............................................................................................................................................................. 65
Epidemic ................................................................................................................................................. 65
x Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.11 Earthquake Risk Analysis (Hypothetical Only for Planning) ....................... 66
5.12 Kathmandu Demographics, Facts, and Land Use .............................................. 68
Setting and Facts ................................................................................................................................ 68
Population .............................................................................................................................................. 69
Location and Physical Setting of Kathmandu ..................................................................... 69
National Land-Use Management System and Relevant Legislation....................... 70
Existing Land Use of KMC ............................................................................................................ 70
5.13 Additional Emergency Response Capabilities .................................................... 72
Response Resources Available ................................................................................................... 72
5.14 Web Sites of Agencies & Organizations that Respond to Disasters in Nepal ............................................................................................................. 72
5.15 International Trainings Available to Nepal and Accomplished ................... 73
5.16 References .............................................................................................................................. 73
Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 73
References ............................................................................................................................................. 73
Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative Reference Documents................................... 74
5.17 Points of Contact for Project, Project Team Members, & Project Planning Team ..................................................................................................................... 74
Points of Contact for Project ...................................................................................................... 74
Points of Contact for Project ...................................................................................................... 74
Project Planning Team Contact List ......................................................................................... 75
ANNEX I - Emergency Support Function Matrix & Annexes .................................... 77
Emergency Support Function Matrix ..................................................................................... 77
Emergency Support Function Annexes (15) ..................................................................... 78
ANNEX II: KMC Table Top Earthquake Scenario for a Magnitude 8.0 Earthquake ........................................................................................... 85
xiEmergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
List of Figures
List of Tables
Figure 1. Components of the KMC Basic Plan. .......................................................................................... 13
Figure 2. Framework for the Kathmandu Metropolitan City Emergency Operations Plan ............................................................................................................ 14
Figure 3. Organization Chart ................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 4. Geographical Location of Recent Major Disasters in Nepal .......................................... 19
Figure 5. KMC Emergency Operations Center Organization Chart ............................................. 24
Figure 6. KMC Emergency Operations Center Organization Chart ............................................. 26
Figure 7. Organization Chart for Kathmandu Metropolitan City ..................................................... 36
Figure 8. Organization of Disaster Relief Committees of the Central Government.............. 39
Figure 9. Ministry of Home Affairs Joint Secretary Organization and Responsibilities............................................................................................................................................. 54
Figure 10. Geographical Distribution of Recent Major Disasters .................................................... 64
Figure 11. Mainstreaming Model for Local-Level Disaster Risk Management ........................... 72
Table 1. Emergency Support Function Martrix .......................................................................................... 33
Table 2. Record of Changes ................................................................................................................................... 47
Table 3. Record of Distribution ........................................................................................................................... 48
Table 4. Existing Land Use of KMC .................................................................................................................... 70
Table 5. Project Planning Team Contact List ................................................................................................. 75
xii Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
xiiiEmergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Preface
Physical Vulnerability and Isolation of Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC).InKathmanduValley,vulnerabilityofinfrastructureandsocietytonaturalhazardsishigh.TheValley’spopulationiscloseto1.5millionwith800,000concentratedinKMC.UrbangrowthbothintheKathmanduValleyandinthecapitalcityhasbeenlargelyunplanned,increasingthedemandforbasicservicessuchaswater,sanitationandroads,tocatchupwiththeexpansionofdwellingsandbuildings.KMCisdependentonitsinternationalairportandlandroutesconnectingthecitytotheoutsideworld.Bothresourceentrypointscanbecomeinoperableinaneventofalargeearthquake.ItwouldisolateKMCandKathmanduValleyforanextendedperiodoftimeandwouldpreventreliefassistancetocomeinfromexternalsources.
Requirement for an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP).Thisphysicalvulnerabilityandisolation,combinedwithexposuretonaturalhazard,necessitateabasicEmergencyOperationsPlanandemergencymanagementcapacityforKMCtoeffectivelyrespondtoanymajordisasters.
KMC Emergency Management Framework. ThisKMCEmergencyOperationsPlanprovidesthefoundationforaKMCEmergencyManagementFramework.ThisPlanproposestoKMCofficialsaprocesstoimprovesafetyandwelfareofthepopulation,andinadisaster,minimizelossoflifeandassetsanddisruptionofservices.TheEmergencyOperationsPlanoutlinestheorganizationalassignmentstomanageoperationalfunctionscriticaltodisasterresponseandrecovery.Theseareoftenbeyondthenormal,day-to-daygovernmentaloperations.Examplesofthesekeyresponsefunctionsaredisasterdeclarations,damageassessment,searchandrescue,masscareandsheltering,andemergencypublicinformation.
Emergency Operations Plan Development Endorsements.VariouslocalandinternationalagenciesendorsedKMC’semergencyplanningeffort.Theyareasfollows:
• Central Government Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Local Development endorse KMC’s effort to plan for disaster. On24September2009,followingshortbriefingsbyKMC,NSET,andEMI,Mr.ThirBahadur,G.C.MinistryofHomeAffairsandMr.NarayanBahadurThapa,Undersecretary,MinistryofLocalDevelopment,approvedtheeffort,andencouragedwaystocontinuouslyimprovetheplan.
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Disaster Risk Management Section, endorses KMC effort to plan for disasters. On23September2009,Mr.YuriChakalall,SeniorAdvisortotheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme,DisasterRiskManagementSection,UNHouse,encouragedandsupportedtheeffortasoneofthegapsintheexistingNepalresponseplanningprocess.
• The Asian Development Bank Project Management Team, Kathmandu, Nepal and the Head of Office, United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian AffairshavebeenapprisedofthedevelopmentofthisKMCEmergencyOperationsPlan.
xiv Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Thecurrentsituation:
• AsofJanuary2010,thisEmergencyOperationsPlanprovidedonlyaguidelineforemergencyservicesorganizationsandoperationsthatmustbestructuredaroundtheupcomingconstitutionalgovernmenttobeenactedin2010.
• ThisEOPcannotbepromulgatedintolawuntilthenewNepalConstitutionisenactedinMay2010.ThisPlanissupportedinpolicybytheMayorofKathmanduandtheDepartmentHeadsastheorganizationalframeworkforemergencyresponseoperationsuntilthePlanisadoptedintolawastheKathmanduMetropolitanCityDisasterResponsePlanOrdinance.
The Disaster Management Section, Urban Development Department, is the Central Point of Coordination for Implementation of the KMC Emergency Operations Plan.
• KMChasinstitutedapermanentDisasterManagementSectionwithintheUrbanDevelopmentDepartmenttocomplementandstrengthentheEOP,toinstitutionalizedisastermanagementwithinKMC,andtoactasapointofcontactforcoordinationoftraining,exercises,educationandoutreachtobuildeffectivepartnershipswithallinterestedorganizations,bothgovernmentandnongovernment,doingdisasterresponsefunctionsinKathmanduValley.ThesepartnershipsincludeKMCDepartmentHeadsandStaff,theKMCMunicipalCouncilandBoardMembers,representingall35wards,theKMCMayorandstaff,nongovernmentorganizations(NGOs),relevantNepalMinistries,andUnitedNationsagencies.TheseUNagenciesincludetheUNOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairs(UNOCHA)andUNDPNepal’sEnvironment,EnergyandDisasterRiskReductionUnit.
• TheDisasterManagementSectionoftheUrbanDevelopmentDepartment,inpartnershipwiththeProjectPlanningCommittee(composedofKMCDepartmentPlannerslistedinPartV),isresponsibleformanagingthedevelopmentandimplementationoftheKMCEmergencyOperationsPlan.TheKMCMayorissuesofficialupdatesandchangestoKMCEOP.SuchchangesaredocumentedinPartIV,RecordofChangesinDocuments.
1Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Executive Summary
TheKathmanduMetropolitanCityEmergencyOperationsPlan(KMCEOP)isbasedoninternationalbestpracticesinemergencymanagement.Itisorganizedaccordingtothefollowingelementsofasoundemergencymanagementsystem:1)EmergencyOperationsCenter(EOC);2)IncidentCommandSystem;and3)EmergencySupportFunctions.Inaddition,theKMCEOPoutlinescommonoperatingproceduresforallKMCDepartments,knownasthe4)ConceptofOperationsforresponse,(CONOPS).ThesecriticalelementsofthePlanarepresentedinPartsIIandIII.
Part II: Basic Plan on How KMC Responds to a Disaster. PartIIdocumentstheKMCConceptofOperationforresponse,orCONOPS.TheCONOPSliststhecommonemergencymanagementpoliciesforalldepartmentsanddescribestheKMCcentralEmergencyOperationsCenter,organizedintotheIncidentCommandSystem,tomanagealargescaledisaster.PartIIalsolistsplanningassumptionsanddescribesthemainpolicyandlegalframeworkfordisasterresponseandreliefinNepal,theNaturalCalamityReliefActof1982.
AllKMCdepartmentheads,departmentstaff,andresponseorganizationsatalllevelsinNepalshouldbefamiliarwithhowtheproposedemergencymanagementsystemforKMCwillrespondtoalargedisaster(PartII).
PART III: Detailed Response Roles and Responsibilities and Emergency Support Functionsenumeratesspecificresponsibilities,tasksandoperationstofulfill15emergencysupportfunctions(ESFs)intheKMCEOP.EachKMCdepartmentisassignedastheLeadagencyforaparticularESFwithotherdepartmentsoragenciesprovidingsupport.EachKMCdepartmentheadcandefineandexercisedepartmentstaffrolesinadisaster,basedontheESFs.IndividualdepartmentheadsareresponsibleforannualupdatestoPartIII.
Part III outlines the Emergency Management Responsibilities for the following KMC organizations and individuals:1. ElectedRepresentatives(Mayor,Board,Council)2. HeadofEmergencyManagement(DisasterManagementSection)3. CoordinatorofEmergencyManagement4. KMCDepartmentsandDivisions
AnEmergencySupportFunctionMatrixidentifiesKMCdepartmentalrolesasoutlinedbelow.
KMC Emergency Management Policies
ThefollowingaretheproposedpoliciesintheKMCEOP:
1. KMCwilloperatewithintheexistingorganizationalframeworkoftheNaturalCalamityRelief
2 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Actof1982,aswellastherecentlyapprovedNationalStrategyforDisasterRiskManagement,2009.
2. KMCwillorganizeresourcesforresponseandreliefincoordinationwiththeCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeorDistrictNaturalDisasterManagementCommittee.
3. KMCMayorwillcontrolallKMCassets.4. TheKMCMayormayappointanemergencymanagementcoordinatortomanageallKMC
assets.5. ThecentralgovernmenthasthepowertoproclaimaDisasterDeclarationforKathmandu
District.6. UnderaDisasterDeclaration,orforanyseriousemergencyaffectingtheKMCarea,theMayor
willopenanEmergencyOperationsCenterataspecifiedlocation.7. Communication,alertandwarningwillbeprovidedtothepublicthroughallavailablesystems.
KMCwillbroadcastemergencymessagesviaradioandothermassmediachannels.AssigneddepartmentliaisonstotheEOCwillreportatthedesignatedtime.Departmentliaisonpersonnelwillestablishaback-uppersonnelrosterincasetheEOCoperationsaretocontinueona24/7basis.
8. TheKMCMayormayactivatetheKMCEOCforanyemergencyeventrequiringresourcecoordinationamongKMCDepartmentsandrequiringothercentralgovernmentandNGOassets.TheMayormaydelegatethisresponsibilitytotheUrbanDevelopmentDepartmentandtheDisasterManagementSection.
9. EachKMCdepartmentwilldesignateDepartmentLiaisonstobepresentattheKMCEOC.Theirprimaryroleistomanageinformationflowfromtheirdepartment’sfieldoperationstotheEOCandtotransmitoperationalprioritiesandotherinformationbacktotheirdepartmentheadsandfieldforces.
10.KMCdepartmentrolesandresponsibilitiesforresponseoperationsaredefinedbyKMCdepartmentauthoritiesandmissions,andareorganizedaccordingtotheEmergencySupportFunctionmatrixaslistedatthebeginningofPartIII:DetailedResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergencySupportFunctions.
11.ThisEmergencyOperationsPlanandallitscontentsapplytoallofKMC.12.Personnelandpartners,whoareresponsibleforemergencyresponseoperations,shouldbe
knowledgeableabouttheEmergencyOperationsPlan.13.TheConceptofOperations,planningassumptions,andworkingrelationshipsdescribedinthis
Planshouldbeappliedtoallemergencyincidents,whethermajororminordisasterevents.
KMC Planning Assumptions ( based on a large earthquake disaster)
Formajorearthquakesandotherlargedisasters,KMCshallmakedecisionsandproposeactionsbasedonthefollowingassumptions:
1. AlargedisasterwillaffectareasoutsidetheKMCregion.ThissituationwillrequirethecentralgovernmenttodistributesomeavailableresourcestoregionsotherthanKMC.ThiswilllimittheflowofresourcestoKMCtoaccommodatetheotherregions.
2. EachmunicipalityinKathmanduValley(Kathmandu,Bhaktapur,Lalitpur,MadhyapurThimi,andKirtipur)shouldberesponsiblefortheirrespectiveresponseoperations.
3. Thedurationofresponseoperationscanvaryfromafewdaystoaslongasamonth.
4. Initially,responseoperationswillrunroundtheclockthroughouttheentireweek.Theinitialresponseeffortsaimtosavelivesandstabilizethesituation.
3Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
5. Fromresponseoperations,effortswillshifttorecoveryoperationswhichincludeoperationalprioritiessuchasmasscareandshelterandrestorationofservices.
6. TheMinistryofHomeAffairsisthenationalfocalpointforresponseoperationsinNepal.
7. NoformalEmergencyOperationsCentercurrentlyexistsinKMC.
8. KMCwillestablishanEmergencyOperationsCentereitheratKMCCityHall,BoardHallorattwootherdesignatedlocations.
9. KMCMayorisdesignatedastheHeadoftheKMCEmergencyOperationsCenter.Ifneeded,theMayorwilldesignateaDeputyHeaddependingonthetypeandscopeofthedisaster.TheEOCHeadwillberesponsibleforcoordinatingwithdepartmentpersonnelandoperationsatthewardlevel(35Wards)inKathmandu.
10.ALocalDisasterManagementCommitteewillberesponsibleforresponseoperationsatthewardlevel.
11.Dailyfunctionsofthegovernmentthatdonotcontributedirectlytotheemergencyoperationsmaybesuspendedforthedurationoftheemergencyresponse.
12.KMCDepartmenteffortsandresourcesmayberedirectedtoaccomplishanemergencytask.
13.Somegovernmentresponsepersonnelmaynotbeabletoassistinresponseoperationsduetoinjuries,limitedmovement,andfamilymatters.
14.Normalday-to-dayfunctionswillbelimitedordisrupted.Normalcommunicationchannelssuchascellularphoneswillbeinterrupted.Normaltransportationwilllikewisebeinterrupted.Fuelresourceswillbelimitedornon-existent.Hospitalsmayhavelimitedoperations.
15.ImmediateoperationalprioritiesforKMCinclude(1)savinglives,(2)establishingsecurity,lawandorder,and(3)ensuringthathospitalandmedicalsystemprioritiesarefullyoperational.
16.Emergencyauthoritieswilldesignateevacuationroutesandwillclearroadsofvehiclesandotherobstructions.
17.Fuelsuppliesshouldbededicatedonlytoresponseoperations.
18.Noelectricitynetworkswillbeavailable.
The KMC Concept of Operations for response explains the following points: 1. KMCwillorganizeanEmergencyOperationsCenteratKMCCityHalltomanagethedisaster
andtomanageKMC’sresponseassets.SinceKMCisintheKathmanduDistrict,theKMCEmergencyOperationsCenterwillsupporttheareaoftheentireKathmanduDistrict.
2. NoformalEmergencyOperationsCentercurrentlyexistsinKMC.
3. ThepurposeoftheEmergencyOperationsCenteristo:• ProvideacentrallocationforkeyKMCdepartmentheads,liaisons,anddecisionmakersto
gatherinonelocationasacentralcoordinatingbody;
4 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
• DemonstratethatthecitygovernmentofKMCisoperationalandensuringawellcoordinateddecision-makingprocess;
• Facilitateinformationexchangeanddocumentongoingdisasterresponseoperations;• SetoperationalprioritiesforresponseattheKMCandwardlevels;• Overseedamageandneedsassessmentsandprovidethedatathatwillbegatheredtothe
DistrictDisasterReliefCommittee;• ProvidealocationformediabriefingswithKMCofficials“speakingwithonevoice”;and• Managelogisticsandresourcesforrequiredresponseoperationsandtrackdisasterfinances.
4. TheMayormayactivatetheEOCifanyofthefollowingconditionsexist:• Thereisanimminentthreattopublicsafetyorhealthonalargescale;• Anextensivedistrictgovernmentorcentralgovernmentresponseandcoordinationwillbe
requiredtoresolveorrecoverfromthedisasterevent;• ThedisasteraffectsmultiplewardswithinKMCrelyingonthesamepoolofresources;• TheKMCLocalEmergencyDeclarationOrdinanceisimplementedtomanageanemergency
eventeffectively;orastheMayordeemsitnecessary.
5. AvailabilityofstaffandoperationalneedsmayalloworrequireEOCpositionstobecombined,orpositionsnottobefilled(e.g.responsibilitiesheldbythenexthigherposition).
6. Communication,alert,andwarningwillbeprovidedtothepublicthroughallavailablesystems.
7. TheIncidentCommandSystem,aninternationallyacceptedpracticeinemergencymanagement,willbeusedbytheKMCEOCsothatinternationalaidcanbereceivedinNepalandKathmanduinanorganizedandefficientmanner.
8. TheEmergencyOperationsCenterwilloperateundertheIncidentCommandSystem,aspresentedinthefigurebelow.
9. TheChiefoftheEmergencyOperationsCenterwilldelegateresponsibilitiestoindividualsassignedtothemanagementoftheEmergencyOperationsSection,EmergencyPlanningandIntelligenceSection,EmergencyLogisticsSection,andtheEmergencyFinance/AdministrationSections.
Departmental Roles Identified by Emergency Support Functions (ESFs)AnESFisagroupingofgovernmentandprivatesectorpersonnelandotherresourcestoprovideneededemergencyservicesduringemergencies.OperatingagenciesandKMCdepartmentswillassignpersonneltocarryoutfunctionsoutlinedintheESFmatrixascoordinators,primaryresponseagencies,orsupportagenciesorasrequiredtosupportincidentmanagementactivities.TheresponsibilitiesofESFsareto:
• DevelopandmaintaindetailedplansandStandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs)tosupportemergencyresponsefunctionsaslistedintheESFmatrix,below;
• Identifysourcesofemergencysupplies,equipmentandtransportation;• Maintainaccuraterecordsofdisaster-relatedexpenditureanddocumentation;• Safeguardrecordsessentialforcontinuityofgovernment;and• Establishalineofsuccessionofkeyemergencypersonnel.
5Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
KMC Emergency Operations Center Organization Chart
TheESFmatrixbelowidentifiestheKMCdepartmentsandorganizationsthatareinvolvedinemergencyresponse:
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
Emergency Support Function Matrix, Version 3, 01.04.10
ESF No.
Emergency Support Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DE-PARTMENT (LEAD PLANNING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERN-MENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERN-MENTAL SUPPORT OR-GANIZATIONS
1. Transportation Administrative Dept., Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Environmental Divi-sion
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee in charge. Nepal Army, Police, Civil Aviation Authority
Private Transport Company
2. Communica-tions
Admin Dept., Informa-tion & Communications Division
Metro F.M. radio
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee supported by the Ministry of Communi-cations & Ministry of Physi-cal Planning. Nepal Telecom (central govt.) Radio Nepal, Television and other Media house.
Other private telecom compa-nies,
3. Public Works and Engineering
Public Works Depart-ment
Administrative Dept., Environmental Divi-sion
MOPPW, KUKL, DUDBC, Department of Roads, Police, Armed Forces
FCAN
6 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
Emergency Support Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DE-PARTMENT (LEAD PLANNING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERN-MENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERN-MENTAL SUPPORT OR-GANIZATIONS
4. Firefighting Administrative Dept. Enforcement Division
Environmental Divi-sion
KUKL, Valley Traffic Man-agement, *DDRC would mobilize more firefighting from Nepal Army, Police, and Civil Aviation
5. Emergency Management and Information Management
Disaster Management Section
Admin Dept., UDD, GIS, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Army, Police, DUDBC
FNCCI, UNO-CHA, NSET, Media
6. Mass Care, Housing and Human Ser-vices
Social Welfare Division Admin Dept., UDD, Social Welfare Division, Enforce-ment Division (KMC Police)
MoHA, District Disaster Relief Committee with DUDBC support, Kathman-du District Health Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Lo-cal Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other international agencies
7. Resource Sup-port
Financial Management Department
Admin Dept. Central Government, MOHA, MOF, MOLD, MOHP, Prime Minister’s Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Lo-cal Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other international agencies
8. Public Health and Medical Services
Public Health Division Account Division Hospitals, MOHA, Dept of Health, District Health Of-fice, CDRC
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Lo-cal Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other international agencies
9. Urban Search and Rescue
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Mechanical Section, Environmental Divi-sion
Nepal Army, Central Police (CSSR & MFR training)
International Res-cue (INSARAG)
10. Oil and Hazard-ous Materials Response
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Disaster Manage-ment Section, Envi-ronmental Division, Admin. Dept., Infor-mation and Commu-nication Division
Nepal Army, Nepal Oil Corporation,
Nepal Electricity Authority
Association of fuel distributors
11. Agriculture and Natural Resources
Disaster Management Section
Public Health De-partment, Environ-mental Division, So-cial Welfare Division
Ministry of Agriculture, for-estry and soil conservation equipment from Ministry of Industry, DMG
FAO, UNDP, IUCN, WFP and other agricul-tural NGOs and INGOs
7Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ESF No.
Emergency Support Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DE-PARTMENT (LEAD PLANNING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERN-MENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERN-MENTAL SUPPORT OR-GANIZATIONS
12. Energy (power, fuel, gas)
Disaster Management Section
Admin. Dept., Public Works Department
Ministry of Energy, Nepal Electricity Authority, Nepal Oil Corp., Dept of Supplies
Association of fuel distributors
13. Public Safety and Security
Enforcement Division Admin. Dept.,, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Armed Forces for search and rescue
Local clubs, Women groups, CBOs
14. Long-term Community Recovery and Mitigation (strong planning capacity)
Disaster Management Section
UDD, Admin. Dept., Public Works De-partment
Department of Education, Dept. of Public Works, Min. of Irrigation, DWIDP, MOHA, MOLD, NPC, MOPPW, DUDBC
UNDP, NSET, NGO’s, Expert consultants
15. External Affairs International Relation Secretariat
CEO Office MOHA , Ministry of For-eign Affairs, PM Office
Embassy, DDRC, CDRC
Notes:ESFNo.6,MassCare:Atthedistrictlevel,theDistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee(DNDRC)istheagencyresponsibleforcoordinatingdistrictlevelreliefefforts,includingmedicalsupportanddistributionoffoodandotheressentialsupplies.Thiscommittee,chairedbytheChiefDistrictOfficer,consistsofrepresentativesfromtheDistrictHealthOffice,theNepalRedCrossSociety,andsimilaragencies.
Emergency Operations Plan Development and Funding
Thisprojectispartofaproject,Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A pilot application in Metro Manila, Philippines and Kathmandu, Nepal,undertakenbytheEarthquakesandMegacitiesInitiative(EMI)withfundingfromtheGermanFederalForeignOffice(FFO)andDeutschesKomiteeKatastrophenvorsorge(DKKV).ThisprojectcomponentsupportsKMCtoundertakespecificdisasterreductionendeavorsandtostrengthenitsdisastermanagementcapabilities.
8 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
9Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PART I: Introduction
PARTIprovidesbasicinformationsuchaspurpose,objectives,andorganizationofthePlan.
The KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PARTI: Introduction
PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoaDisaster
PARTIII: ResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergency SupportFunctions
PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation&Distribution, Exercise&TrainingSchedule
PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlanBackground, NepalEmergencyManagementSystem,Hazards, Demographics,andCapabilities
AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes
AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude 8.0Earthquake.
10 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
1.1. Purpose of the KMC Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) _____________________________________________________________________________
ThepurposeoftheKMCEOPisto:
1. ProvideanEmergencyManagementSystemforrespondingtoasignificantdisasteraffectingpeople,property,andinfrastructure,suchasamajorearthquake.TheEOPprovidespolicies,commonoperatingprocedures,guidelines,andsupplementalreferencesonhowKMCwillorganizeandmanageresponseoperations.
2. Describeauthorities,responsibilities,functionsandoperationsofKMCduringemergenciesasbasesforcoordinatingwithinternalandexternalresponse,rescue,andrelieforganizations.TheseorganizationsincludetheMinistryofHomeAffairs,MinistryofLocalDevelopment,andothercentralgovernmentorganizationsrepresentingtheCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee,aswellasinternationalresponseandrelieforganizations,non-profitorganizations,andtheprivatesector.
InsupportofthisEOPandtobuildcapacityinEmergencyManagementSystems,KMCwill:
1. InstitutionallystrengthenitsDisasterManagementSection;2. ConstituteaformalLocalNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteethatextendstoallKMC
Departmentswithidentifiedresponseassignments;3. DevelopapermanentEmergencyOperationsCenter;4. ProvidetrainingtoKMCgovernmentpersonnelinemergencyplanningandresponse;and5. ImprovetheEOPthroughannualreview,evaluation,exercises,andupdates.
1.2. Objectives_____________________________________________________________________________
TheseobjectivesguidetheplanningandconductofKMCemergencyresponseandrecoveryoperationsto:
1. Savelivesandprotectproperty;2. Providedirectionandcontrolofemergencyoperations;3. Maintain,repairandrestoreessentialservicesandsystems;and4. Coordinateoperationswithotherrespondingorganizations.
Goal, Vision, and ChallengeTheProjectTeamandKMCDepartmentsdefinedtheEmergencyOperationsPlanGoal,Vision,andChallengesasfollows:
Goal• TheGoaloftheKMCEmergencyOperationsPlanistoestablishanemergency
managementsystemthatwillsavelives,protectproperty,andprotecttheenvironmentfollowingadisaster.
Vision• TheVisionoftheKMCEmergencyManagementSystemistodefineanEmergency
11Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ManagementConceptofOperationsinwhichallDepartmentpersonnelunderstandtheirrespectiverolesandresponsibilitiesfordisasterresponseoperationsandunderstandthatallDepartmentsmustparticipateintheplanningprocess.
Challenge TomeettheGoalandVision,theChallengeisto:
• Buildaneffectiveandknowledgeabledisastermanagementorganization;• RespondeffectivelywithinacitywideConceptofOperations;• CreatetheConceptofOperationstoincludepartnershipsatthecentralgovernment
andtounderstandhowtoaccessresourcesfrominternationalorganizations;• DefinetheConceptofOperationstoconsiderlegalauthorities;• UsetheEmergencySupportFunctionSystemtodefinedepartmentalresponseroles
andresponsibilities;• Conducton-sceneemergencyresponsethroughtheIncidentCommandSystem;• RespondtolargedisastersthroughanEmergencyOperationsCenter,organizedunder
theIncidentCommandSystem;• ConducttabletopexercisestoimprovetheEmergencyOperationsPlan;• UpdatetheEmergencyOperationsPlanatleastyearly;• CreateaplanningprocesstowritetheEmergencyOperationsPlan.Theplanning
processisjustasimportantasthePlanitself;• TestthePlanthroughexercisesandrealeventsandusetheseeventstoupdatethePlan;
and• Define,fund,andassignstafftothedisasterriskmanagementpositionswithinthe
KMC.
1.3. Organization of the Plan___________________________________________________________________
TheKMCEmergencyOperationsPlanconsistsoffivepartsandtwoannexes.Parts II and III constitute the elements of the Basic Emergency Response Plan:
1. PARTI: Introduction2. PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoaDisaster3. PARTIII: DetailedResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergency SupportFunctions4. PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation&Distribution,Exercise&
TrainingSchedule5. PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlanBackground,NepalEmergency
ManagementSystem,Hazards,Demographics,andCapabilities6. AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes7. AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude8.0
Earthquake.
• PART I:Introductionprovidesbasicinformationsuchaspurpose,objectives,andorganizationofthePlan.
• PART II: Basic Plan on How KMC Responds to a Disaster explainsKMC’sapproachto
12 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
emergencyresponseandoperations.TheBasicPlanexplainstheorganization,assumptions,policies,andoperatingprocedurestorespondeffectivelytoanemergencyinKMC.PartIIisastand-alonedocumentthatprovidescommonoperatingproceduresforeveryresponderassistingwithresponseoperationsinKMC.EverydepartmentheadandalldepartmentstaffshouldbefamiliarwithhowtheKMCemergencymanagementsystemwillfunctionincaseofalargedisaster.Allresponseorganizationsatthe(1)Nepalministeriallevel,(2)internationallevel,(3)wardlevel,(4)publicnonprofitorganizationlevel,and(5)PrivatelevelshouldreadandbefamiliarwithKMC’sBasicPlan
• PART III: Detailed Response Roles and Responsibilities and Emergency Support Functionsliststhespecificresponsibilities,tasksandoperationalactionstocompleteeachofthespecificemergencyoperationsfunctions.Thereare15EmergencySupportFunctionsintheKMCEmergencyOperationsPlan.OneKMCDepartmentisassignedastheLeadagencyresponsibleforeachEmergencySupportFunction.Oneormoredepartmentsandotheragenciesusuallyserveinsupportrolesforresponse.FromtheEmergencySupportFunctions,eachKMCdepartmentheadcandefineandexercisedepartmentstaffrolesinadisaster.DepartmentheadsareresponsibleforannualupdatestoPartIII.
• PART IV: Plan Maintenance, Promulgation and Distribution, Exercise and Training Schedule. ThissectionshouldbeupdatedregularlytorecordallchangesthataretobemadeintheEmergencyOperationsPlan.
• Part V: Supplemental Information on Plan Background, Nepal Emergency Management System, Hazards, Demographics, and Capabilities.ThisPartincludes(1)Planbackground,(2)NationalEmergencyManagementSysteminformation,(3)additionalguidelinesandproceduresforresponseoperations,(4)additionalhazardanddemographicinformation,(5)asummarizedearthquakeriskassessment(alsoseeAnnexII),and(6)additionaltechnicalcapabilities.PartVshouldbeupdatedeveryyear.
• Annex I: Emergency Support Function Matrix & Annexes. AnnexIoftheKMCEOPcontainstheEmergencySupportFunctionMatrixand15ESFAnnexesthatidentifyoneleadagencyandallrequiredsupportagenciesforeachESF.(These15ESFAnnexescorrespondwiththeEmergencySupportFunctionMatrixpresentedinPartIII.The15AnnexesarenotincludedinthefirstEmergencyOperationsPlan,Version1.3).
• Annex II: KMC Earthquake Scenario for a Magnitude 8.0 Earthquake.TheinformationintheslidesetprovidesrealisticearthquakeimpactsthatcouldstrikeKMC.PlanningfortheseimpactsisthereasonfordevelopmentofthisEOP.Theimpactinformationispostulatedforplanningpurposes.
Basis for the KMC Basic Plan
• The components of the KMC Basic Emergency Operations Plan (Basic Plan) are described in Part II.Figure1belowoutlinesthesevencomponentsdescribedintheBasicPlan.Thesecomponentsprovidetheoperatingassumptions,policies,andprocedurescommontoallKMCDepartmentsforemergencymanagementoperations.Thesecommonalitiesarederivedbycombining:(1)KMCandNepallegalauthoritiesthatpromoteemergencyresponseplanningwith(2)hazardsanddemographicdataandan(3)analysisofrisk.
• Thisplanisbasedonaworstcaseearthquakescenario.Summariesoftheearthquakeimpacts
13Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
aredescribedforplanningpurposesonly.TheearthquakeimpactsusedindevelopingtheBasicPlanarebasedondataextractedfromtheJapanInternationalCooperationAgency,2002,TheStudyonEarthquakeDisasterMitigationintheKathmanduValley,KingdomofNepal.(SeeAnnexII:KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude8.0Earthquake)
• ThisearthquakeimpactinformationprovidesKMCPlannerswiththebasistodevelop:(1)planningassumptionsforresponseoperations;(2)emergencymanagementpolicies;(3)andaconceptofoperationsforalargedisaster.Finally,(4)financialandadministrativeprocedures
mustbeoutlinedanddocumentedintheBasicPlanforallrespondingKMCdepartments.
ThecomponentsoftheBasicPlanarefullydescribedinPartII.ThispartoftheplandescribesallcommonproceduresforhowKMCoperatesduringanemergencysituation,especiallyforlargeandsignificantdisastersuchasanearthquake.AllKMCresponseandreliefpersonneloperateunderthesameplanningassumptions,emergencymanagementpolicies,conceptofoperations,andadministrativeandfinancialproceduresasdescribedinPartII.PartIIIprovidesadditionaldetailsofrolesandresponsibilitiesforKMCpersonnel.
Framework for the Basic Plan
• TheBasicPlanisimplementedthroughtheIncidentCommandSystemastheorganizationalstructureforoperatingduringalargedisaster,asillustratedinFigure2,below.
Figure 1. Components of the KMC Basic Plan.
14 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ThisframeworkisbasedonKMCplanningassumptions,emergencymanagementpolicies,andcommonoperatingproceduresasdescribedintheKMCBasicEmergencyOperationsPlanContent(PartII).PoliciesandassumptionsinthisframeworkarebasedontheCentralGovernmentresponseoperationsorganizationalframework(PartV).PartIIalsodescribestheIncidentCommandSystemorganizationforoperatingduringalargedisaster.PartIIIprovidesthedetailsforKMCdepartmentalrolesandresponsibilitiesduringadisasterasdescribedintheEmergencySupportFunctionMatrix.
Figure 2. Framework for the Kathmandu Metropolitan City Emergency Operations Plan
15Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
The KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PARTI: Introduction
PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoa Disaster
PARTIII: ResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergency SupportFunctions
PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation&Distribution, Exercise&TrainingSchedule
PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlanBackground, NepalEmergencyManagementSystem,Hazards, Demographics,andCapabilities
AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes
AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude 8.0Earthquake.
KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PART II: Basic Plan on How KMC Responds to a Disaster
• PART II: Basic Plan on How KMC Responds to a Disaster explains KMC’sapproachtoemergencyresponseandoperations.TheBasicPlanexplainstheorganization,assumptions,policies,andoperatingprocedurestoeffectivelyrespondtoanemergencyinKMC.ThisisastandalonedocumentthatprovidescommonoperatingproceduresforeveryresponderassistingwithresponseoperationsinKMC.EverydepartmentheadandalldepartmentstaffshouldreadthispartandbecomefamiliarwithhowtheKMCemergencymanagementsystemwillrespondtoalargedisaster.Allresponseorganizationsatthe(1)Nepalministeriallevel,2)internationallevel,3)wardlevel,4)publicnonprofitorganizationlevel,and5)PrivatelevelshouldreadandbefamiliarwiththePartIIKMCBasicPlan.
16 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
2.1. Legal Authorities__________________________________________________________________
Laws for Response Operations
The Natural Calamity Relief Act 2039 (1982 AD), as amended (Act)• Inthepast20years,theNepalesegovernmenthasformulatedanumberofnaturaldisaster
preparednessplans,programs,andacts.TheNaturalCalamity(Relief )Act,of1982,whichisthemostprominent,definestheofficialdisastermanagementsystematcentral,regional,district,andlocallevels.
• TheNaturalCalamityReliefAct,2039,(1982AD),asamended(Act)isthegoverningEmergencyResponseLawforNepal.* Mostresponseoperationsareperformedbythecentralgovernment.Resourcescometo
KMCfromthecentralgovernment.* TheActdefinesthecompositionofCentralNaturalCalamityReliefCommittee(section5
oftheAct)aswellasthefunctionsanddutiesoftheCentralCommittee(section6oftheAct).
* TheActalsodefinesthecomposition,functions,anddutiesofthreeadditionalNaturalCalamityReliefCommittees-regional,district,andlocal(Section7oftheAct)
* TheActcreatestheCentralDisasterReliefFundandtheDistrictDisasterReliefFund.
• Presently,theCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee(CNDRC)andtheDistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee(DNDRC)arefunctionalwhiletheothertworegionalandlocalcommitteescanbeconstitutedintimesofbignaturaldisasters.
• TheMinistryofHomeAffairs,throughitsPlanningandSpecialServiceDivision,isthenationalagencyresponsiblefordisastermanagementinNepal.
• TheDisasterManagementSectionismanagedbytheJointSecretary,PlanningandSpecialServiceDivision.
• TheMinistryofHomeAffairsworksasthesecretariatoftheCNDRCwhiletheDNDRCismainlyresponsibleforcarryingoutthepost-disasteractivitiesatthedistrictlevel.
• MoredetailedinformationontheEmergencyManagementSystemofNepalispresentedinPartV,Section5.2,ofthisPlan.
Organization Chart: Nepal Disaster Management under the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act of 1982
NepalDisasterManagementundertheNaturalCalamity(Relief )Actof1982.MoredetailedinformationontheEmergencyManagementSystemforNepalispresentedinPartV,Section5.2,ofthisPlan.
Local Self Governance Act, 1999 Section96oftheLocalGovernanceActof1999stipulatesthefunctions,duties,andresponsibilitiesofmunicipalitiessuchasKMC:
17Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Figure 3. Organization Chart
“Section 96. Functions, Duties and Power of Municipality:Inadditiontoexecutingorcausingtobeexecuted,thedecisionsanddirectionsoftheMunicipalCouncil,thefunctionsanddutiestobeperformedbytheMunicipalitymandatorilyinthemunicipalareashallbeasfollows: (i) Miscellaneous:
(7) Tocarryoutnecessaryfunctionsinmanagingandrespondingtonaturaldisasters.
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 (Recently Approved)Sources:EMITechnicalDocumenthttp://www.undp.org/cpr/documents/dru/proj_fact/FactsheetNepal_final.pdf
ANationalStrategyonDisasterRiskManagementforNepal:2005-2015isunderdevelopmentbytheMinistryofHomeAffairswithassistancefromNSETandsupportfromUNDP-BCPRandEuropeanCommunity.TheStrategy,currentlyundergoingreview,isdesignedtoimplementtheHyogoFrameworkofAction2005-2015,aconsensusdocumentadoptedbytheUnitedNationsWorldConferenceonDisasterRiskReduction.
TheStrategyaimsto“guide,encourage,andensuredevelopmentandimplementationoforganizedapproachesformanagingandminimizingdisasterrisksandforeffectivepreparednessatalllevels”byproviding“asuggestedstructureforDisasterRiskManagementattheNational,District(multiplecities)andMunicipallevelsofgovernmentwhichincludesthedepartmentsandagenciesthatwillmakeupthestructure”.
Alistofpriorityactionswiththeresponsibleauthorities/organizationswasalsospecifiedinthestrategy.ItalsoincludedageneralguidelineforKMCandothermunicipalitiesontheirspecificresponsibilitiesincluding,amongothers,developmentofadisasterriskmanagementplanandan
18 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
emergencyresponseplan.
FunctionsoftheDisasterRiskManagementstructureateachleveldowntothecommunityhavebeendefinedalongwithrecognitionofcommunity-basedorganizations(CBOs)andtheirrolesindisasterriskmanagement.
Presently,MinistrieshavetheirownrolesinEmergencyManagementasimplementedbyEmergencyCommitteesoftencreatedatthenationalandtheregionallevels.1However,thereiscurrentlynoEmergencyManagementSysteminplacenorhavethecommitteesinitiatedemergencymanagementactivitiesinvolvingdifferentstakeholdersincludingthoseatthemunicipalorwardlevels.2
Severalstakeholdersrepresentingcommunityorganizations,themunicipalities,nationalofficesandinternationalinitiativesalsoagreedontheneedforanintegratedEmergencyManagementSystemwhereacommonplatformforactionissharedandcoordinatingsystemsareclarified.
Additional Relevant Legislation for Nepal and KMC Emergency Management System
Thefollowinglegislativemeasuresprovidethelegalframeworkthatassignsrolesandresponsibilitiestodifferentdisastermanagemententities:1. InterimConstitutionofNepal,20072. LocalAdministrationAct,19713. HMGRulesforallocationoffunctions,secondamendment,19964. KathmanduValleyTownDevelopmentAct,20005. BuildingAct,1998orDraftBuildingCouncilAct,1994
NoadditionalinformationonthesefivelawsispresentedinthePlan.
2.2 Hazards and Demographics__________________________________________________________________
National Hazardscape
Ruggedandfragilegeophysicalstructures,steepslopes,complexgeology,variableclimaticconditions,activetectonicprocesses,unplannedsettlements,denseandincreasingpopulation,pooreconomicconditions,andalowliteracyratehavemadeNepalvulnerabletovarioustypesofnaturaldisasters.Figure4showsthegeographicallocationofRecentmajordisastersinNepal(UNNepal’sInter-AgencyDisasterResponsePreparednessPlan,2001).
Themiddlehillsaremainlypronetolandslides,whiletheflatTarairegionispronetofloodsandfire.Thus,flood,landslides,andfirearethemostfrequentnaturaldisasterscausinglossoflifeandseveredamagetopropertyinNepal.Whileearthquakesarenotfrequent,historically,Nepalhasexperiencedseveraldestructiveearthquakeswithmorethan11,000peoplekilledinfourmajorearthquakesinthepastcentury.
1 Information based on the Ministry of Home Affairs representative Mr. Iswar Regmi, during discussions held in the Emergency Management Workshop on February 7, 2008.2 Per representative from the Nepal Police.
19Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Figure 4. Geographical Location of Recent Major Disasters in Nepal
TheKoshiFloodsinDecember2008insoutheasternNepalisthemostrecentlargescaledisasterthatrequirednationalandinternationalresponseandreliefeffortsbytheCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee.
OthernaturalhazardsthatchallengeKathmanduareflooding,fire,andepidemics.SeePartVformoredetailsonnaturalhazards.
1934 Kathmandu Valley Earthquake
In1934,an8.4magnitudeearthquakestruckKathmanduValleykilling4,300people,destroying20percentofallstructures,anddamaginganother40percentoftheValley’sbuildings.InKathmanduitself,onequarterofallhomesweredestroyedalongwithanumberoftemplesinBhaktapur.
Inrecentdecades,Nepalexperiencedtwomajorearthquakes:a6.5magnitudeearthquakeintheBajhangdistrictthatkilled178peopleanddestroyedabout40,000housesanda6.6magnitudeearthquakein1988intheUdayapurdistrictthatkilled721peopleanddestroyed64,467houses.
Earthquake Hazard Assessment for KMC
FourpossiblefutureearthquakeeventsforKMChavebeenidentifiedanddescribedbytheJapanInternationalCooperationAgency,2002,The Study on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in the Kathmandu Valley, Kingdom of Nepal.(Also,seeAnnexII)
ForthefourearthquakescenariosfromtheJICAstudy,differentearthquakeswillproducedifferentdamageresultsforKathmanduValley:
1. Repeatofthe1934Earthquakemagnitude8.4,Bihar-NepalEarthquake,KathmanduValleywouldexperiencethehighestintensitiesofallfourearthquakes(severeshakingintensity--VIII&IX--ineasternvalley).
2. Mid-NepalEarthquake(magnitude8.0,severeshakingintensity-VIII)inKathmanduValley,moderateliquefactionpotentialinsomeareasalongtheBagmatiRiver.Thisearthquakeisthe
20 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
basisfortheearthquakescenariodescribedinAnnexII.
3. NorthBagmatiEarthquake(magnitude6.0).EarthquakeclustersjustnorthoftheKathmanduValley.(moderateshakingintensity--VIorVII).Noliquefactionfromthisearthquake,belowthreshold.
4. LocalEarthquake(5.7).SevereshakingintensityIXdirectlyalongvalleyfaultlineament.Otherpartsofthevalley(moderatetosevereshakingintensity--VIIorVIII).SomeliquefactionexpectedalongtheBagmatiRiver.
Location, Physical Setting, and Population of Kathmandu3
TheKathmanduValley,whereKMClies,issituatedbetweenthelatitudesof27∞32’13”and27∞49’10”northandlongitudes85∞11’31”and85∞31’38”east.Itcoverstheareaofabout667sq.km.andconsistsoffiveMunicipalities-Kathmandu,Lalitpur,Bhaktapur,ThimiandKirtipur.Asidefromfivemunicipalities,thereare110villagedevelopmentcommitteeswithinKathmanduValley.TheelevationofKathmanduvalleyis1,350mabovemeansealevel.Thevalleyisbowl-shapedwithriversdrainingtowardsthecenterofthebasin.ThetotalpopulationofKathmanduValleyin1991was1,571,583andisexpectedtobe2,020,404in2011.
KMCcoversanareaofabout50.8sq.km.andisdividedinto35wardsofwhichtheoldcitycorecovers12wards.KMCisconsideredasahistoric,touristic,culturalandthebusinesscenterofNepal.ThetotalpopulationofKMCaccordingtothelatestcensus(2001)is671,846.Itwas421,258in1991and235,160in1981.ItshowsthatthepopulationinKMCisgrowinginanunprecedentedrate.ThepopulationgrowthrateofKMCis5.65percentin1991-2001,oneofthehighestgrowthratesamongthetownsandcitiesinNepal.Ifthepopulationgrowthratewillremainthesame,populationinKMCisexpectedtobe1,051,438by2011.MigrationhadbeenamajorcauseofhighpopulationgrowthintheKathmanduValley.EconomicopportunitiesandserviceswithintheKathmanduValleyattractpeoplefromruralareastomigratetourbancenters.
National Land-Use Management System4
Landuseregulationsanddevelopmentareafunctionofboththecityandthenationalgovernment.Large-scaleinfrastructurewithinthecityisunderthecentralgovernment’sjurisdiction.However,cityroads,solidwastemanagement,streetlighting,andsuchareoperatedandpromotedbycitygovernment.Landusemanagement,thoughnotcurrentlyexistinginanintegratedform,istheresponsibilityofthecitygovernment.Nepalhasfivedevelopmentregionsand75administrativedistricts.Thedistrictsarefurtherdividedintosmallerunitscalledmunicipalitiesandvillagedevelopmentcommittees(VDCs).Thereare3,913VDCsand58municipalitiesinthecountry.AVDCconsistsofninewardsandthemunicipalitiesarecomposedofnineto35wards.
FurtherDetailsofHazardsandDemographicscanbefoundinPartV.
3 Source: “Urbanization and Urban Planning in Kathmandu” From 2009 - Reports: Urbanization and Ur-ban Planning in Kathmandu, www.kathmandu.gov.np4 Source: EMI Disaster Risk Management City Profile - Kathmandu - Cityriskpedia, 2006
21Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
2.3 KMC Emergency Management Policies___________________________________________________________________
1. KMC will operate within the existing organizational framework of the Natural Calamity Relief Act of 1982, as well as the recently approved National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009.ThreeCentralGovernmentNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteescanbeformed-Central,Regional,andDistrict.TheCentralGovernmentcanformaLocalDisasterReliefCommitteeifneeded.Amunicipal-leveldisasterriskmanagementauthoritycanbeformedundertheNationalStrategyforDisasterRiskManagement,2009.
2. KMC will organize in coordination with the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee or District Natural Disaster Management Committee.OnbehalfoftheKMC,theDistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteewillberesponsibleforcommunicationsandcoordinationwiththeCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee.
3. KMC Mayor will control all KMC assets.TheKMCMayorwilldirecttheallocationandmanagementofallKMCassets(humanresources,facility,andequipmentresources)inanywaythatisrequiredtorespondtoanemergency.TheKMCMayorwillbetheliaisontotheChiefDistrictOfficer.
4. Delegation of Authority and Appointment of a Coordinator of Emergency Management. TheKMCMayormayalsoappointthisauthoritytocontrolallKMCassets,inNo.3above,tohisdesigneeortotheCoordinatorofEmergencyManagement(PlanningTeamNote:Terminologytobedecided)aswritteninaformalDelegationofAuthoritystatementonfile.
5. The Central Government has the power to proclaim a Disaster Declaration for Kathmandu District. UnderaDisasterDeclaration,orforanyseriousemergencyaffectingtheKMCarea,theMayorwillopenanEmergencyOperationsCenterataspecifiedlocation.
6. Communication, Alert and Warning. Communication,AlertandWarningwillbeprovidedtothepublicthroughallavailablesystems.KMC,throughtheEmergencyOperationsCenter,willbroadcastearlywarningviaradioandothermassmediacommunicationchannels.DepartmentliaisonstotheEmergencyOperationsCenterwillreportatthedesignatedtime.Departmentliaisonpersonnelwillestablishaback-uppersonnelrosterincasetheEOCoperationsistocontinueona24/7basis.
7. Opening of the Emergency Operations Center.TheEOCcanbeopenedforoperationbytheMayorofKMCforanyeventrequiringresourcecoordinationamongKMCdepartmentsandrequiringothercentralgovernmentandNGOassets.TheMayorcandelegatethisresponsibilitytotheUrbanDevelopmentDepartmentandtheDisasterManagementSection.
8. Each KMC department will designate department liaisons to be present at the KMC EOC. TheroleofthedepartmentliaisonpersonnelistomanageinformationflowfromtheirdepartmentinthefieldoperationstotheEOCandtotransmitoperationalprioritiesandotherinformationtotheirdepartmentheadsandfieldoperations.
9. KMC department roles and responsibilities for responseoperationsaredefinedbyKMCDepartmentauthoritiesandmissionsandareorganizedaccordingtotheEmergencySupportFunctionMatrixaslistedatthebeginningofPartIII:DetailedResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergencySupportFunctions.
22 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
10. Scope of Plan. ThisPlanandallitscontentsareapplicabletotheentireKMC.
11. Accessibility to the Emergency Operations Plan.PersonnelorpartnerswhohavearesponsibilityordutyforemergencyresponseoperationsshouldhaveaccesstoandbeknowledgeableabouttheEmergencyOperationsPlan.
12. Application of the Emergency Operations Plan.TheResponseOperationsConceptofOperations,thePlanningAssumptions,andtheworkingrelationshipsdescribedinthisPlanapplytoallemergencyincidentswhethertheemergencysituationsarelargeorsmall.
2.4 KMC Planning Assumptions (for a large earthquake disaster)__________________________________________________________________
1. AlargedisasterwillaffectareasoutsideoftheKMCregion.ThissituationwillrequirethecentralgovernmenttodistributesomeavailableresourcestoregionsotherthantoKMC.ThiswilllimittheflowofresourcestoKMC.
2. TheMunicipalitiesinKathmanduValley(Kathmandu,Bhaktapur,Lalitpur,MadhyapurThimi,&Kirtipur)willbeinchargeofresponseoperationsintheirrespectivejurisdictions.
3. Responseoperationscanbeforashortperiodoftime(i.e.afewdays)oruptoonemonth.
4. Initially,responseoperationswillberequiredroundtheclock,24hoursaday,7daysaweek.Initialresponseeffortsfocusonsavinglivesandstabilizingthesituation.
5. Responseoperationsphasewillchangetoarecoveryoperationsphase,requiringachangeinoperationalpriorities.
6. TheMinistryofHomeAffairsisthefocalpointforcentralgovernmentcoordinationforresponseoperations.
7. NoformalEmergencyOperationsCentercurrentlyexistsforKMC.
8. KMCwillestablishanEmergencyOperationsCentereitheratKMCCityHall,BoardHallorattwootherdesignatedlocations.
9. KMCMayorisdesignatedastheHeadoftheKMCEmergencyOperationsCenter.TheMayorwilldesignateaDeputyHead,ifneeded,dependingonthetypeandscopeofthedisaster.TheMayorwillberesponsibleforcoordinatingdepartmentpersonnelandoperationsatthewardlevel(35Wards)inKathmandu.
10.ALocalDisasterManagementCommitteewillberesponsibleforresponseoperationsattheWardlevel.
11.SuspensionofDailyGovernmentFunctions.Dailyfunctionsofthegovernmentthatdonotcontributedirectlytotheemergencyoperationmaybesuspendedforthedurationoftheemergencyresponse.
23Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
12.KMCDepartmenteffortsandresourcesmayberedirectedtoaccomplishanemergencytask.
13.SomeGovernmentresponsepersonnelwillnotbeabletoassistinresponseoperationsduetoinjuries,limitedmovement,andfamilymatters.
14.Normalday-to-dayfunctionswillbelimitedorout.Normalcommunicationswillbeinterrupted(e.g.cellularphones).Normaltransportationwilllikewisebeinterrupted.Fuelresourceswillbelimitedornon-existent.Hospitalsmaybelimitedinoperations.Itisassumedtheairportwillbeoperationalwithin24hours.
15.ImmediateOperationalPrioritiesforKMCwillbeto:(1)Savelives,(2)Establishsecurity,lawandorder,and(3)ensurethathospitalsarefullyoperational
16.Emergencyauthoritieswilldesignateevacuationroutesandclearroadsofvehiclesandotherroadobstructions.
17.Availablefuelsupplieswillbededicatedtoresponseoperationsonly.
18.Noelectricitynetworkswillbeavailable.
2.5 KMC Concept of Operations for Response__________________________________________________________________
Emergency Operations Center (EOC) will be Organized1. KMCwillorganizeanEmergencyOperationsCenteratKMCCityHallinordertomanagethe
disasterandtomanageKMCresponseassets.KMCisintheKathmanduDistrict.TheKMCEmergencyOperationsCenterwillfunctiontosupporttheareaoftheKathmanduDistrict.
2. NoformalEmergencyOperationsCentercurrentlyexistsforKMC.SevenmembersoftheKMCresponseplanningcommitteecompletedaStudyTouroftheMakatiCity,PhilippinesEmergencyOperationsCenterinSeptember2009.TheStudyTourTeam,ledbyMr.BimalRijal,Head,UrbanDevelopmentDepartment,allowedKMCtoexperienceamature,effective,andefficientlyrunEmergencyOperationsCenterforamajorcitythreatenedbyearthquakes,typhoons,floods,andmanylocalemergencies.Thiscity-to-cityexchangewasmadepossiblebytheGermanFederalForeignOfficeandtheMakatiCityMayorandpersonnel,andEarthquakeandMegacitiesInitiative’sClusterCityProject.
3. ThepurposeoftheEmergencyOperationsCenteristo:• ProvideacentrallocationforkeyKMCdepartmentheadsandliaisonstodecisionmakers
togatherinonelocationasacentralcoordinatedbody;• DemonstratethattheKMCGovernmentisinchargeandensureacoordinateddecision-
makingprocess;• Facilitateinformationexchangeanddocumentongoingdisasterresponseoperations;• SetoperationalprioritiesforresponseattheKMCandwardlevels;• ConductdamageandneedsassessmentandprovideresultstotheDistrictDisasterRelief
Committee;• DesignatelocationformediabriefingswiththeKMC“speakingwithonevoice”;and
24 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
• Managelogisticsandresourcesforrequiredresponseoperations,andtrackdisasterfinances.
Activation of the KMC Emergency Operations Center TheMayormayactivatetheEOCifthefollowingconditionsexist:
• Thereisanimminentthreattopublicsafetyorhealthonalargescale;• Anextensivedistrictgovernmentorcentralgovernmentresponseandcoordinationwillbe
requiredtoresolveorrecoverfromtheemergencyordisasterevent;• ThedisasteraffectsmultiplewardswithinKMCthatrelyonthesamepoolofresourcesto
resolvemajoremergencyevents;or• TheKMCLocalEmergencyDeclarationOrdinanceisimplementedtocontrolthemajor
emergencyordisasterevent.
Availabilityofstaffandoperationalneedsmayalloworrequirepositionstobecombined,orpositionsnottobefilledin(i.e.responsibilitiesheldbythenexthigherposition).
Communication,AlertandWarningwillbeprovidedtothepublicthroughallavailablesystems.
EOC Organization under the Incident Command System
4. TheEmergencyOperationsCenterwilloperateunderthefollowingIncidentCommandStructure,aspresentedbelowinFigure5:
Figure 5. KMC Emergency Operations Center Organization Chart
PositionResponsibilitiesforeachoftheboxesaresummarizedbelow.
5. TheIncidentCommandStructureisusedinternationallybydisastersmanagerssothatinternationalaidcanbedeliveredtoNepalandKathmanduinanorganizedandefficientmanner.
25Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Responsibilities of the Chief of the Emergency Operations Center and Staff Positions6. TheChiefoftheEOCandtheChief ’sstaffwillmanagethePublicInformation,Safety,and
LiaisonFunctions,asdescribedbelow.
7. TheChiefoftheEmergencyOperationsCenterisspecificallyresponsiblefor:• Providinginformationtointernalandexternalstakeholders.• Ensuringsafeoperations.• Establishingandmaintainingliaisonwithotheragenciesparticipatingintheincident.
8. ThePublicInformationOfficerisresponsiblefor:• AdvisingHeadofEmergencyOperationsoninformationdisseminationandmedia
relations.Note:theHeadapprovesinformationthatthePIOreleases.• ObtaininginformationfromandprovidesinformationtoPlanningSection.• Obtaininginformationfromandprovidesinformationtocommunityandmedia.
9. TheSafetyOfficerisresponsiblefor:• AdvisingtheHeadofEmergencyOperationsonissuesregardingincidentsafety.• Workingwithoperationstoensuresafetyoffieldpersonnel.• Ensuringsafetyofallincidentpersonnel.
10.TheLiaisonOfficerisresponsiblefor:• AssistingtheHeadofEmergencyOperationsbyservingaspointofcontactfor
representativesfromotherresponseorganizations.• Providingbriefingstoandanswersquestionsfromsupportingorganizations.
11.TheChiefoftheEmergencyOperationsCenterwillconductthefollowingactions:• Activateand/orplaceEOCstaffonstandby• Activateemergencyforcesasnecessary• Activateand/orplacedamageassessmentteamsonstandby• EstablishcontactwithChiefDistrictOfficer(DistrictDisasterReliefCommittee)• ProclaimaLocalEmergencyandrequestassistance• Coordinatewiththeprivatesector• Establishpriorityofresponseactionsand• ProvidesituationreportstoExecutives
12.TheChiefoftheEmergencyOperationsCenterwilldelegateresponsibilitiestoassignedindividualsformanagementoftheEmergencyOperationsSection,EmergencyPlanningandIntelligenceSection,EmergencyLogisticsSection,andtheEmergencyFinance/AdministrationSections,asdescribed,inFigure6:
PositionResponsibilitiesforthefourSectionChiefsaresummarizedbelow.
Responsibilities of the Emergency Operations Section
13.ResponsibilitiesfortheOperationsSectioninclude5:a. Receive,evaluateandrespondtorequestsforassistance/resourcesb. Establishoperationalprioritiesc. ProvidefieldstatusreportstotheEmergencyPlanningSectionChiefd. Searchandrescue
5 Note: The Operations Section is the largest commitment of personnel and resources on every disaster
26 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Figure 6. KMC Emergency Operations Center Organization Chart
e. Evacuationf. Utilities,includingelectrical,water,sewer,sanitation,andcommunicationsg. Medicalandpatienttransporth. Careandshelterofvictimsi. Environmentalhealth(hazardousmaterialsspillsandcontamination)
Responsibilities of the Emergency Planning and Intelligence Section14.ResponsibilitiesforthePlanningandIntelligenceSectioninclude:
a. Gather,analyze,evaluateanddisseminatetechnicalinformation;b. MakerecommendationstoChiefofOperations;c. Schedulestaffbriefings/relief;d. Activatedamageassessmentsystem;e. Ensuredispatchofsurveyunitsbyoperations;f. Determinestatusofutilities/transportation;g. Determineconstruction/publicworkspriorities;h. Setprioritiesforresourceprocurement;andi. DeveloptheACTIONPLANwithoperationalpriorities.
Responsibilities of the Emergency Logistics and Resource Section15.ResponsibilitiesfortheEmergencyLogisticsandResourceSectioninclude:
a. Provideeffectiveresourceandlogisticscoordinationduringanemergency;b. Providefacilities,services,personnel,equipmentandmaterialstosupportoperations;c. Maintainacurrentinventoryofallemergencyresources,includingpersonnel,vehicles,and
equipment;
27Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
d. Provideessentialservicesandlogisticalsupport;e. Assistinthetransportofsupplies,equipmentandpersonnel;f. Makepublic,contractual,andvolunteerresourcesavailable;g. Coordinatestagingareaactivities;h. Provideequipmentandcrewsasrequested;i. Coordinateandprocessrequestsforresources;j. Provideupdatedresourceinformationtoothersectionsandjurisdictions;k. Keeprecordsofresourcesrequested,committed,orexpendedinthecourseofthe
emergency;l. Coordinatewithotherdepartmentsandorganizationstoobtainrequiredresourcesand
fulfillunmetresourceneeds.Intheeventthatlocalresourcesaredepletedorcommitted,requestadditionalresourceassistancefromtheChiefDistrictOfficer.
m. Ifneeded,arrangeforessentialgoodssuchasfoodormedicinetobestockpiled.n. PeriodicallyreporttotheEOCChiefonresourcestatusandexpenditures.o. Provideresourceandlogisticsmanagement-relatedexpensestotheFinanceand
AdministrationOfficerforpotentialpost-emergencyreimbursementp. BepreparedtoprovideinformationfortheAfter-ActionReport.
ResponsibilitiesoftheEmergencyFinanceandAdministrationSection16.ResponsibilitiesfortheFinanceandAdministrationSectioninclude:
a. TheEmergencyFinanceandAdministrationSectionChief,whomaybeacityassessororsimilarofficial,isresponsibleforincidentfinancialmanagement,includingincidentfinancialactivities,documentation,costrecoveryandotheradministrativeaspects;
b. Identifyrequiredtrackingandrecord-keepingproceduresthatwillbeputinplacetoassureallemergencycostsareeasilyidentified;
c. Managefinancialaspectsoftheincident;d. Prepareallfinancialobligationdocuments;e. Manageexistingmutualaidagreements;f. Provideupdatedresourceinformationtoothersectionsandjurisdictions;g. Provideinputtoallplansforfinancialandcostanalysis;h. Providefinancialandcostanalysisinformationasrequested;i. Gatherpertinentinformationfrombriefingswithresponsibleagencies;j. Ensurepersonneltimerecordsareaccuratelycompletedaccordingtopolicy;k. Ensurethatobligationdocumentsareproperlypreparedandcompleted;l. DevelopastaffingpatternandreliefplanforEOC;m. Recruitadditionalemergencyworkers;n. Briefpersonnelonallincident-relatedfinancialissuesrequiringpost-incidentfollowup;o. Whentheincidentisover,ensurethatanyopenactionsareassignedtoappropriate
agencies/elementsforfollowup;p. Retainrecordsofincident-relatedexpensesforpotentialpost-incidentreimbursement;q. Prepareincidentcostsummaries,asneeded;r. Developgeneralpoliciesonkeepingfinancialrecords,reporting,trackingresourceneeds,
trackingsourceanduseofresources,andacquiringownershipofresources;ands. BepreparedtoprovideinputtotheAfterActionReport.
17.DesignationofEOCresponsibilitiesandassignments.TheKMCChiefoftheEmergencyOperationsCenter(i.e.Mayor)willdesignatetheabovelistedresponsibilitiesandassignments,dependingonthesituation.
28 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
2.7 Sequence of Action_____________________________________________________________________________
Thissectiondescribesincidentmanagementactionsrangingfrominitialthreatnotification,toearlycoordinationeffortstoassessanddisruptthethreat,topreparatoryactivationoftheEmergencySupportFunctions,todeploymentofresourcesinsupportofincidentresponseandrecoveryoperations.Theseactionsdonotnecessarilyoccurinsequentialorder;manymaybeundertakenconcurrentlyinresponsetosingleormultiplethreatsorincidents.
Non-Emergency Normal OperationsTheseareactionsthatareimplementedduringnon-emergencyperiodsthatwillgiveKMCandthewardsampletimetoprepareforeffectiveemergencyresponseoperations:
1. Providepublicinformationandeducationalmaterialstothepublicviamunicipalnewsletters,brochures,publicationsandweb-sitesandothermedia;
2. Develop,reviewandexerciseemergencyoperationsplansanditsstandardoperatingprocedures;3. Assuretheviabilityandaccuracyofemergencycontactlists,resourcelistsandemergency
contracts;and4. Update,review,andmaintaintheEmergencyOperationsPlan(EOP.
Pre-Incident ActionsTheseareactionsthatareimplementediftheEmergencyManagerreceivesnoticeofapotentialemergencyfromtheMinistryofHomeAffairs,theMetropolitanWeatherServiceorotherreliablesources.
1. BrieftheMayoranddepartmentheadsoftheimpendingsituation.2. AlertemergencyresponsepersonnelanddevelopastaffingpatternfortheEmergency
OperationsCenter.3. PreparetheEmergencyOperationsCenter,asnecessary.4. Determineanyprotectiveactionmeasuresthatneedtobeimplementedinpreparationforthe
situation.• Communicationalertandwarning;• Publichealthandsafety;• Responderhealthandsafety;• Propertyprotection;• PossiblepartialactivationoftheEOC;and• Short-termtrainingofresponsepersonnel.
Response Actions and Short-term Recovery Actions
Response Actions
Takethefollowingactionstopreservelife,property,theenvironment,andthesocial,economic,andpoliticalstructureofthecommunity:
1. Lawenforcementandsecurity;2. Protectionofresponderhealthandsafety;3. Fireresponse;4. Emergencymedicalservices;5. Evacuations;
29Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
6. Actionstominimizeadditionaldamage;7. Urbansearchandrescue;8. Publichealthandmedicalservices;9. Distributionofemergencysupplies;10.Debrisclearance,(cleartosideofroads.removalanddisposalisarecoveryoperation);11.Protectionandrestorationofcriticalinfrastructure;12.Identificationofsheltersites(temporaryhousingisarecoveryoperation)13.Managementofvolunteers,inter-institutionalcoordination;14.Deadbodymanagement(identificationandstorage)15.Disseminationofpublicinformation;and16.Coordinationwithmajormediaoutlets.
• Someissuestoconsideratthispointintheincidentare:
1. Dailyfunctionsofthegovernmentthatdonotcontributedirectlytotheemergencyoperationmaybesuspendedforthedurationoftheemergencyresponse.
2. Effortsandresourcesmayberedirectedtoaccomplishanemergencytask.3. Implementevacuationorders,asneeded.4. Openandstaffemergencyshelters,asneeded.
Onceimmediateresponsemissionsandlife-savingactivitiesconclude,theemphasisshiftsfromresponsetoreliefandrecoveryoperations,andifapplicable,hazardmitigation.
Relief and Recovery Actions Theseactionsoccuraftertheinitialresponsehasbeencompleted.Theseactionsshouldassistindividualsandwardstoreturntoanormalstateinaslittletimeaspossible.Duringtherecoveryperiod,thefollowingactionsneedtobeimplemented:
1. CompleteaninitialdamageassessmentandsubmitareporttotheDistrictDisasterReliefCommittee.Theinitialdamageassessmentfollowsthepreliminarydamageassessmentwithin24to-48hours.
2. Assesslocalinfrastructuresanddetermineviabilityforre-entryofresidents.3. Beginimmediaterepairstoelectric,waterandsewerlinesandstations.4. Cleanupandrestorepublicfacilities,businesses,andresidences;5. Re-establishnaturalhabitatsandpreventsubsequentdamagetonaturalresources;6. Establishalong-termrecoverycommitteetofocusonrecoveryproblems,shortfalls,issues,and
solutionstobeimplementedwithinthree-to-sixmonthtimeframe.7. Protectculturalorarcheologicalsitesduringrecoveryoperations.8. OpenaJointFieldOffice(JFO)toassistthoseimpactedbythedisasteriftheeventisdeclared
adisaster.TheJFOisthecentralcoordinationpointamongcentral,regional,districtandlocalagenciesandvoluntaryorganizationsfordeliveringavailablerecoveryassistanceprogramstothepeopleandbusinesses.
Mitigation Actions as part of the Recovery OperationsMitigationplanningshouldbeundertakenbytheEmergencyPlanningandIntelligenceSection.Asaresultofanymajordisaster,thefollowingsuggestedplanningactionsshouldbeundertakentoreduceoreliminatelong-termrisktopeopleandpropertyfromhazardsandtheirsideeffects.Duringthemitigationplanningprocess,theseissuesneedtobeaddressed:
1. Reviewexistingmitigationplanandupdateasnecessaryanymitigationactionsthatcouldbeof
30 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
assistanceinpreventingsimilarimpactsforfuturedisasters.2. Seekanddevelopmitigationgrantprojectstoassistinareasmostatrisk.3. Implementmitigationmeasuresinrebuildinginfrastructuredamagedinadisaster.4. Grantprogramsforlossreductionmeasures(ifavailable);5. Contractwithlossreductionbuilding-scienceexpertise;6. CoordinateallCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteemitigationprograms;7. Conductfloodrecoverymappingtopermitexpeditedandaccurateimplementationofboth
recoveryandmitigationprograms;8. Considerpredictivemodelingtounderstandriskandsubsequently,protectcriticalassets;9. Conductearlydocumentationoflossesthathavebeenavoidedbecauseofprevioushazard
mitigationmeasures;10.Undertakecommunityeducationandoutreachtofosterlossreductionactivities;and11.Establishacomprehensivedatabaseforearthquakemitigationprojects.
Additional Direction and ControlAsKMCadoptstheEOPfullyintoitsprocessesandfunctions,newemergencymanagementprioritiesmayneedtobefurtherdevelopedinthesucceedingversionsofandimprovementsinthePlan.Theseemergencymanagementprioritiesarelistedbelow.
1. AlertandWarning• Communication,AlertandWarningwillbeprovidedtothepublicthroughallavailable
systems.• IdentifywhoisinresponsibleforAlertandWarningofimpendinghazardsorincident,such
asflood,orepidemic?• IdentifywhowillcommunicatethemessageviaMetroFMandKMCPolice.
2. CommunicationsSystemsWhatcommunicationssystemsareavailable,whomanagesthem,andwhatarethecommunicationsprotocols?
3. ReportsandReporting
4. DamageAssessments
5. EmergencyPublicInformation
6. TrainingandPublicEducation
7. LiabilityCoverage
31Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
The KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PARTI: Introduction
PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoaDisaster
PARTIII: ResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesand EmergencySupportFunctions
PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation&Distribution, Exercise&TrainingSchedule
PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlanBackground, NepalEmergencyManagementSystem,Hazards, Demographics,andCapabilities
AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes
AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude 8.0Earthquake.
KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PART III: Response Roles and Responsibilities and Emergency Support Functions
• PART III: Response Roles and Responsibilities and Emergency Support Functionsfocusonlistingthespecificresponsibilities,tasksandoperationalactionsforeachspecificemergencyoperationsfunction.Thereare15EmergencySupportFunctionsintheKMCEmergencyOperationsPlan.OneKMCDepartmentisassignedastheleaddepartmentforeachEmergencySupportFunction.OneormoreDepartmentsandotheragenciesusuallyserveinsupportrolesforresponse.BasedontheEmergencySupportFunctions,eachKMCdepartmentheadcandefineandexercisedepartmentstaffrolesinadisaster.DepartmentheadsareresponsibleforannualupdatesforPartIII.
32 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
3.1 Emergency Management Responsibilities for Kathmandu Metropolitan City___________________________________________________________________
IntroductionThisEmergencyOperationsPlanworksonthepremisethatemergencyservicesorganizationsandoperationsarestructuredaroundexistingconstitutionalgovernment.ThissectiondescribesKMC’sorganizationalstructure,rolesandfunctionsforemergencymanagement.EachrespondingKMCdepartmentthathasaprimaryorsupportroleisdescribedintheEmergencySupportFunctionmatrixbelow.Districtandcentralgovernmentemergencyresponserolesarealsosummarized.KMCcanalsoaddtotheESFmatrixtherolesofsupportingandcooperatingagencies.
PartIIIissupplementedbytheEmergencySupportFunctionAnnexeswhichincludedetailsonspecificagencyresponsibilities(AnnexI).TakenotethatthismatrixstillneedstobecompletedinthesucceedingversionsofthePlan.
Asuccessfulcityemergencymanagementprograminvolveslocalgovernmentofficials,localgovernmentdepartments,privatesectorandnon-profitorganizations.Theirrolesaresummarizedinthefollowingdiscussions.
Responsibilites of Elected Representatives (Mayor, Board, Council) • Protectthelivesandpropertyofcitizens;• EstablishtheKMCDisasterManagementSectionwithinthegovernmentandestablishthe
EmergencyManagementSystem;• AppointtheKMCEmergencyManagementChief;and• AdoptandpromulgatetheEmergencyOperationsPlan(EOP.• DevelopandimplementadisastercommunicationsstrategyaspartofEmergencySupport
FunctionNo.15,Externalaffairsfordealingwithcentralgovernment,wardleaders,privateindustry,andnongovernmentalorganizations.
Responsibilities of Head of Emergency Management (Disaster Management Section)• Foreachemergencyevent,largeorsmall,collectinformationaboutthesituationinorderto:
(1)providewarningsandinformationtothepopulation,(2)determinetheneedtoevacuateendangeredareasand(3)determinetheneedtoopentheEmergencyOperationsCenterorbegindisasterresponseoperations;
• ExercisedirectionandcontrolfromtheEmergencyOperationsCenterduringdisasteroperations;and
• HoldoverallresponsibilityformaintainingandupdatingtheEmergencyOperationsPlan.Note:Positionmaybeheldbyanelectedofficialorpoliticalfigure.
Responsibilities of Coordinator of Emergency Management• EnsurethatKMCEmergencyOperationsCenterisalwaysready,incaseadisasterstrikes;• DevelopandmaintaintheEmergencyOperationsPlan;• AssumecertaindutiesintheabsenceoftheHeadofEmergencyManagement;and• EnsurethattheEOPisreviewed,revisedandadoptedeverytwoyears.
Responsibilities of KMC Departments and Divisions• DevelopandmaintaindetailedplansandStandardOperatingProcedures(SOPs)relativeto
primaryandsupportrolesasidentifiedintheEmergencySupportFunctionMatrix(AnnexI);• Identifysourcesofemergencysupplies,equipment,andtransportation;
33Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
• Negotiateandmaintainmutualaidagreementsforemergencyresponse,whichareidentifiedintheplan;
• Maintainrecordsofdisaster-relatedexpendituresandappropriatedocumentation;• Protectandpreserverecordsessentialforthecontinuityofgovernment;and• Establishandmaintainlistofsuccessionofkeyemergencypersonnel.
Departmental Roles Identified by Emergency Support Functions (ESFs)AnESFisagroupingofgovernmentandcertainprivate-sectorcapabilitiesintoanorganizationalstructuretoprovideemergencyservices.AssignedpersonnelfromKMCdepartmentsundertaketherolesandfunctionsoutlinedintheEmergencySupportFunctionsascoordinators,primaryresponseagencies,supportagencies,orasrequiredtosupportincidentmanagementactivities.TheresponsibilitiesofESFsareto:
• DevelopandmaintaindetailedplansandStandardOperatingProcedurestosupporttheiremergencyresponsefunctionalrequirementsaslistedintheESFMatrix;
• Identifysourcesofemergencysupplies,equipment,andtransportation;• Maintainaccuraterecordsofdisaster-relatedexpenditureanddocumentation;• Safeguardrecordsessentialforthecontinuityofgovernment;and• Establishalineofsuccessionsforkeyemergencypersonnel.
Emergency Support Function (ESF) Matrix
TheKMCdepartmentswillmanagealargedisasterbyassigningKMCdepartmentheadsandstaffunder15functionsthatariseduringmajordisasters.These15functionsarecalledEmergencySupportFunctionsorESFs.EachESFisledbyoneKMCDepartmentorwiththeChiefDistrictOfficerinchargeoftheDistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee,composedofCentralGovernmentrepresentatives.
Table 1. Emergency Support Function Martrix.
ESF No.
Emergency Sup-port Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DEPARTMENT (LEAD PLAN-NING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERNMEN-TAL SUPPORT ORGA-NIZATIONS
1. Transportation Administrative Dept., Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Environmental Division
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee in charge. Nepal Army, Police, Civil Aviation Authority
Private Transport Company
2. Communica-tions
Admin Dept., Infor-mation & Commu-nications Division
Metro F.M. radio
Enforcement Divi-sion (KMC Police)
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee supported by the Ministry of Communica-tions & Ministry of Physical Planning. Nepal Telecom (central govt.) Radio Nepal, Television and other Media house.
Other private telecom companies,
3. Public Works and Engineering
Public Works De-partment
Administrative Dept., Environ-mental Division
MOPPW, KUKL, DUDBC, Department of Roads, Police, Armed Forces
FCAN
34 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
Emergency Sup-port Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DEPARTMENT (LEAD PLAN-NING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERNMEN-TAL SUPPORT ORGA-NIZATIONS
4. Firefighting Administrative Dept. Enforcement Division
Environmental Division
KUKL, Valley Traffic Man-agement, *DDRC would mobilize more firefighting from Nepal Army, Police, and Civil Aviation
5. Emergency Management and Information Management
Disaster Manage-ment Section
Admin Dept., UDD, GIS, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Army, Police, DUDBC
FNCCI, UNOCHA, NSET, Media
6. Mass Care, Housing and Human Services
Social Welfare Divi-sion
Admin Dept., UDD, Social Welfare Division, Enforcement Divi-sion (KMC Police)
MoHA, District Disaster Relief Committee with DUDBC support, Kathman-du District Health Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other interna-tional agencies
7. Resource Sup-port
Financial Manage-ment Department
Admin Dept. Central Government, MOHA, MOF, MOLD, MOHP, Prime Minister’s Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other interna-tional agencies
8. Public Health and Medical Services
Public Health Divi-sion
Account Division Hospitals, MOHA, Dept of Health, District Health Of-fice, CDRC
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA
UNHCR, other interna-tional agencies
9. Urban Search and Rescue
Enforcement Divi-sion (KMC Police)
Mechanical Sec-tion, Environmen-tal Division
Nepal Army, Central Police (CSSR & MFR training)
International Rescue (INSARAG)
10. Oil and Hazard-ous Materials Response
Enforcement Divi-sion (KMC Police)
Disaster Manage-ment Section, Environmental Division, Admin. Dept., Information and Communica-tion Division
Nepal Army, Nepal Oil Corporation, Nepal Elec-tricity Authority
Association of fuel distributors
11. Agriculture and Natural Resources
Disaster Manage-ment Section
Public Health De-partment, Environ-mental Division, Social Welfare Division
Ministry of Agriculture, for-estry and soil conservation equipment from Ministry of Industry, DMG
FAO, UNDP, IUCN, WFP and other ag-ricultural NGOs and INGOs
12. Energy (power, fuel, gas)
Disaster Manage-ment Section
Admin. Dept., Pub-lic Works Depart-ment
Ministry of Energy, Nepal Electricity Authority, Nepal Oil Corp., Dept of Supplies
Association of fuel distributors
35Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ESF No.
Emergency Sup-port Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DEPARTMENT (LEAD PLAN-NING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT SUPPORT MINISTRIES
NON GOVERNMEN-TAL SUPPORT ORGA-NIZATIONS
13. Public Safety and Security
Enforcement Divi-sion
Admin. Dept.,, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Armed Forc-es for search and rescue
Local clubs, Women groups, CBOs
14. Long-term Community Recovery and Mitigation (strong planning capacity)
Disaster Manage-ment Section
UDD, Admin. Dept., Public Works Depart-ment
Department of Education, Dept. of Public Works, Min. of Irrigation, DWIDP, MOHA, MOLD, NPC, MOPPW, DUDBC
UNDP, NSET, NGO’s, Expert consultants
15. External Affairs International Rela-tion Secretariat
CEO Office MOHA , Ministry of Foreign Affairs, PM Office
Embassy, DDRC, CDRC
ESF No.6, Mass Care: At the district level, the District Natural Disaster Relief Committee (DNDRC) is the active agency for coordinating relief support. This committee, chaired by the Chief District Officer, consists of representatives from public sector organizations, such as the District Health Office, the Nepal Red Cross Society, and similar agencies. DDRC is responsible for
coordinating the district level relief efforts, including medical support and distribution of food and other essential supplies.
ESF General Description of Purpose and Scope of Responsibilities
ThegeneraldescriptionofthepurposeandscopeofresponsibilitiesforeachoftheEmergencySupportFunctionsisprovidedinAnnexI.
3.2 Preparedness Responsibilities of the KMC Disaster Management Section_____________________________________________________________________________
• CoordinationRole:Establishandmaintaincoordinationwithotherjurisdictions,localofficials,privatesectorresponders,voluntaryandnongovernmentorganizations
• OperationsCenterEstablished:EstablishacontrolroomorEOCdefinefunctions,space,equipmentandstaffingneedsandidentifyresourcestomeetthoseneeds.
• EstablishCommandandControlStructure:Determinewhoisinchargeandcreateasystemforcommunicatinginformationaboutthesituation,needs,andorderstoandfromtheauthorities.
• EstablishResponsibilitiesandLinesofAuthority:Establishclearlinesofauthorityandassignmentsofresponsibilities.
• StandardOperatingProceduresforOperatingtheEmergencyOperationsCenter:DevelopSOPsandchecklistsofdutiesandfunctionsfortheEmergencyOperationsCenter
• EstablishaDisasterInformationTrackingSystemfortheEmergencyOperationsCenter.
• PrepareandTrainStaff:PreparestafftocarryoutEmergencyOperationsCenterfunctionsandduties.Buildcapabilitytorespondandcoordinateoperationseffectivelythroughtraininganddrills.
36 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
• TestProcedures:Develop,test,andoperatemechanismsandsystemsfordirecting,organizingandcoordinatingmulti-departmentresponse,relief,andrecoveryoperations
3.3 Organizational Relationship of the KMC Disaster Management Section within KMC__________________________________________________________________
• UnderthenewKMCNewOrganizationChart,2009,Figure7,theUrbanDevelopmentDepartmenthasbeenupdatedtoincludetheDisasterManagementSection,highlightedinyellow.
Figure 7. Organization Chart for Kathmandu Metropolitan CityShowing City Development Administration and Disaster Management Section.
Metropolitan Council
Metropolitan City
Account & Other Committee
Mayor
International Relation Secretariat
Executive Officer
Deputy Mayor
Administration and Organizational Dev.
Department
Economic Management Department
Public Health & Social Development Department
Physical Development & Construction
Department
Urban Development Department
Environment Management Department
Departments - 6Divisions - 15Sections - 33
Administration Division
Revenue Division Public Health Division
1. HRD & Personnel Management Section
2. Internal Administra-tion Section
3. Store Section
4. Vital Registration Section
1. Revenue Planning & Monitoring Section2. Revenue Collection Section
1. Urban Health Promotion Section
2. Food & Quality Monitoring Section
Law Division
1. Litigation Section
2. Misil Section
Enforcement Division
1. Monitoring & Contol Section
2. Work Management Section
Information & Documentation
Division
1. Media Section
2. Information Technology & Docu-mentation Section
Account & Budgeting Division
1. Account & Budgeting Control Section
2. Account Allocation Control Section
1. Internal Audit Section
Social Welfare & Cultural Division
1. Cultural Conservation & Tourism Section
2. Community Development & Social Welfare Section
3. Education & Sports Section
Public Infrastructure Development
Division
1. Design Section
2. Water Supply, Sewerage & Electricity Section
Building & Heritage Division
1. Building & Maintenance Section
2. Heritage Conservation Section
Road & Traffic Management
Division
1. Physical Development & Construction Administration Section
Urban Development Department
1. Building Permit Section
2. Land Use Planning Section
Policy Planning & Monitoring
Division
1. Urban Develop-ment Administra-tion & Disaster Management Section
2. Geographical Information System Section
Environment Division
1. Solid Waste Management Section
2. Land Fill Management Section
3. Park & Greenery Promotion Section
4. Mechanical Section
Environment Administra-tion Division
37Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
3.4 KMC Reporting Relationships to the Local Disaster Relief Committee___________________________________________________________________
Functions and Duties of the Local Disaster Relief CommitteeUnderSection9a.oftheNaturalCalamity(Relief )Act,2039(1982A.D.),theLocalNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeisresponsibleforthefollowingfunctions:
1. Damage Assessment.TopreparedetaileddescriptionofthelosscausedbynaturalcalamityandtosubmittotheDistrictCommitteetheestimationofmeansandresourcesrequiredforthereliefandrehabilitationofthevictimsofnaturalcalamity.(reference:EmergencySupportFunctionNo.3,PublicWorksandInfrastructure).
2. Mass Care.Toorganizevolunteers’teamstosystematicallydistributereliefgoods(i.e.incashandinkind)receivedtothefamiliesofthevictimsofNaturalCalamity(reference:ESFNo.6,MassCare).
3. Emergency Medical Services, Triage. Tomakenecessaryarrangementtotaketheinjuredtothenearesthospitalsandhealthpostsassoonaspossible(ESFNo.8PublicHealthandMedicalServices,DepartmentofPublicHealth).
4. Evacuation. Tomakearrangementfortheevacuationofthevictimsofnaturalcalamitytoasafeplace.(ESFNo.13PublicHealthandSafety,KathmanduMetropolitanCity,AdministrativeDepartment,EnforcementDivision)
5. Finances.TohandoverthegoodsandcashandtheaccountstotheDistrictCommitteeuponcompletionofNaturalCalamityReliefWork.(ESFNo.7,ResourcesSupport,KathmanduMetropolitanCity,AdministrativeDepartment,AccountDivision)
KMC Department Common Activation and Reporting Procedures
Attheonsetofanydisaster,alldepartmentsaretofollowthesecommonactivationandreportingprocedures:
1. AlertPersonnel.AlertpersonneltoreporttotheEmergencyOperationsCenter,reviewplans,andassistincoordinatingresponseandrecovery;
2. BeginRecordKeeping.Beginkeepingrecordofexpensesandcontinueforthedurationoftheemergency;
3. FollowProcurementRules.Followprocurementrulesforspendingmoney;
4. DamageAssessment.Assistinassessingthedegreeofdamageofthecommunity.Preparetomakeaninitialdamageassessment(IDA);
5. CollectandReportDisasterInformation;and
6. ActivateResources.Activatethenecessaryequipmentandresourcestoaddresstheemergency.
38 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
3.5 KMC Information Tracking and Reporting Procedures_____________________________________________________________________________• ESFNo.5,EmergencyManagementandInformation,ESFNo.2Communicationsand
Information,andESFNo.15PublicInformation,areinchargeofinformationtrackingandreporting.InformationfromallresponderswithinKMCwillberecordedandcommunicatedtotheEmergencyOperationsCenter.
1. CoordinateDamageReportstotheLocalCommitteeandDistrictCommittee,(ESFNo.5,DisasterManagementSectionofUrbanDevelopmentDepartment)
2. RestoreTechnicalCommunicationsLines(ESFNo.2,AdministrativeDepartment.,
InformationandCommunicationsDivision,AdministrativeDepartment,and
3. CommunicatetothePublicthroughOfficialChannels(ESFNo.15,CEOOffice)
3.6 Central Government Support Role__________________________________________________________________
• TheMinistryofHomeAffairsisthefocalpointformanagingthecentralgovernment’scriticalsupportorganizationsandtheirroles.
• TheCentralNaturalDisasterCoordinatingCommitteeisthedecisionmakingauthorityforthecentralgovernmentresponseandreliefoperations.
• TheCentralNaturalDisasterCoordinatingCommitteewillcoordinatewiththeDistrictNaturalDisasterCoordinatingCommittee.
• TheCentralGovernmentwillcoordinateUNagencies’andforeigngovernments’responseandreliefaidtotheKMCgovernment.
• TheDistrictNaturalDisasterCoordinatingCommitteewillplaythecoordinatingrolebetweenKMCandthecentralgovernmentresourcesandministries.
• TheNepalArmyandthePolicewillplayakeysupportroletoallemergencyresponseoperationsbyprovidingrequestedpersonnelandresourcestostabilizethesituation.
• KMCdepartmentswillgainaccesstoNepalArmyandpoliceresourcesthroughtheChiefDistrictOfficerandtheDistrictDisasterReliefCommittee.
39Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
3.7 International Organizations Support Roles (United Nations)___________________________________________________________________
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Emergency Management Structure for Nepal• TheUNDPsupportsadisasterriskreductionprogramfortheKathmanduDistrictthatfocused
onthenationalministeriallevel.Thereareatotalof1,400UNemployeesinNepal.
• UNDPhasdevelopedadetailedclustermatrixfortheKoshiFloodResponseandRecoveryoperationswithcontactdetailssuchasphonenumbers.TheclustermatrixistitledCluster/SectorLeadinEmergencyResponsebasedinKathmandu.TheclustermatrixmatchesCentralDisasterReliefCommitteeMinistrieswithSector/ClusterLeadAgenciesfromtheUN,tosupporttheCentralDisasterReliefCommitteeLead.ThishandoutwasproducedbytheOCHAKathmandu,dated17-Dec-2008.
• TheUNhasEmergencySupportFunctionsorganizedintoeleven(11)“clusters”.Theseclustersaresimilarbutnotexactlyparallelwiththe15ESFsproposedforKMC.TheclustersareinparallelwithexistingUNprogramareasmanagedbyWFP,FAO,UNICEF,WHO,OHCHR,UNHABITAT,IOM,UNDP.ThisfunctionalclusterorganizationwasdeployedfortheKoshiFloodDisasterinsouthernNepalandNortheasternIndiain2008.
• TheUNResponseandRecoveryClustersaredesignatedbelow:1. FoodSecurity(WFP),2. Nutrition(UNICEF),3. Health(WHO),4. WaterandSanitation(UNICEF),
Figure 8. Organization of Disaster Relief Committees of the Central GovernmentKMC interacts with the District Disaster Relief Committee and the Local Disaster Relief Committee.
40 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5. Education(UNICEF),6. Protection/ChildProtection(OHCHR&UNICEF),7. Shelter(UNHABITAT),8. SitePlanning&CampManagementTaskForce(IOM),9. EarlyRecovery(UNDP),10.Logistics(WFP),and11.EmergencyCommunications(WFP).
• TheUNDPisneitherworkingdirectlywithanyoneatKMCnorwithanyofthewardsatthelocallevel.TheUNDPisworkingwiththenationalMinistriesondisastermanagementnamely,withMOHA.However,UNDPandMOHAhavenodirectemergencyresponseplanningprogram.
• UNDPencouragedKMCtoworkatthewardlevelsinceUNDPhasnoinitiativesbeingundertakenatthislevel.ThereisalsoagrowinginterestsamongdevelopmentorganizationssuchastheUNtoputinplacesystemsandprocessesforemergencyresponseoperationsatthecityandwardlevel.
• ThereexistsanUNNepal’sinter-AgencyDisasterResponsePreparednessPlandevelopedbytheUNDisasterManagementTeam,Kathmandu,Nepal,September2001.
3.8 Additional Resources Support to KMC__________________________________________________________________
Certified Search and Rescue Personnel
KMChastrainedandcertified27ArmyandPolicepersonnelinsearchandrescuetechniques.
Citizen Disaster Volunteer Teams• KMChascitizenvolunteerteams,availabletoassistinemergencypreparedness,responseand
recovery.
• Thecitizenvolunteerteamsinclude:1. Sixty(60)personstrainedinsearchandrescue2. Warddisasterprograms3. Volunteerswithpoliceserviceandfirecorps
• KMCcitizenvolunteerteamsareresponsiblefor:1. Developingandmaintaininglistsoftrainedcitizenvolunteers;2. ProvidinginitialresponsetoeventsasrequestedbytheHeadofEmergencyManagement;
and;3. AssistinginadditionalemergencyresponseactivitiesasrequestedbytheHeadofEmergency
Management.
41Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
3.9 Private Sector Role in Disasters___________________________________________________________________
Theprivatesectormaytakeanumberofroleswhichmayinclude:
• Privateownersofcriticalinfrastructure(eitherafacilitythatcouldbeseriouslyaffectedbyadisaster);
• Aresponseorganization(e.g.privateambulanceservices,environmentalclean-upservices);
• Aregulatedorresponsibleparty:owneroperatorsofcertainregulatedfacilitiesmayhaveresponsibilityunderlawtoprepareforandpreventincidentsfromoccurring;or
• ProvideresourcestoKMCdepartmentsduringresources,suchasvehicles,bulldozers,andhighfrequencyradios.
Theprivatesectorhastheresponsibilityto:
• Planforpersonalandbusinessdisasterpreparedness,mitigation,responseandrecovery;
• Haveknowledgeoflocalemergencyresponseplansandprocedures;and
• ImplementpreventiveandmitigatingactionsasrequestedorrequiredbytheEmergencyManager.
42 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
43Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
The KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PARTI: Introduction
PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoaDisaster
PARTIII: ResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergency SupportFunctions
PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation& Distribution,Exercise&TrainingSchedule
PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlanBackground, NepalEmergencyManagementSystem,Hazards, Demographics,andCapabilities
AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes
AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude 8.0Earthquake.
KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PART IV: Plan Maintenance, Promulgation & Distribution, Exercise & Training Schedule
• Part IV: Plan Maintenance, Promulgation & Distribution, Exercise & Training Schedule.ThissectionshouldbeupdatedregularlytorecordallchangesinvolvedduringthehistoryofthisEOP.
44 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
4.1 Plan Development and Maintenance Schedule___________________________________________________________________
Plan Maintenance Scheduled Update Every Two Years
• Everytwoyears,KMCshallconductacomprehensivereviewandrevisionofitsEmergencyOperationsPlantoensuretheplanremainscurrent,andtherevisedplanshallbeadoptedformally.
• SuchreviewshallalsobecertifiedinwritingbytheDisasterManagementSectionandtheChiefExecutiveOfficerandeachdepartmenthead.
• DraftinganemergencyplanisaKMCeffortandreliesheavilyoncityadministratorsandexpertstoprovidecomprehensiveguidanceonhazardanalysis,exercisedesign,evacuationplanning,emergencyresponse,recovery,emergencypreparedness,andeducationalawareness.
ThePlanshouldbereviewedbytheexistingProjectPlanningTeam,listedbelowinPartV.
Continued Plan Development on Annual Basis
• TheCoordinatorofEmergencyManagementwillupdatetheEmergencyOperationsPlanannually.Thecoordinatorwillcoordinatewitheachemergencyresourceorganizationandassurethedevelopmentandmaintenanceofanappropriateemergencyresponsecapability.
• ThePlanshouldbereviewedandimprovedthroughouttheyear2010tomeetKMC’srequirements.
• ItistheresponsibilityoftheEmergencyManagementCoordinatortoassurethattheplanistestedandexercisedonascheduledbasis.
Revision of Plan Required with New Nepal Constitution, 2010
• KMCshouldrevisetheEmergencyOperationsPlanin2010inordertoincorporaterelevantfindingfromfirst,thenewNepalConstitution,2010andsecond,theNationalStrategyonDisasterRiskManagementforNepal:2005-2015.
45Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
4.2 Promulgation Document (Sample Format)_____________________________________________________________________________Thepromulgationdocumentputstheplan“inforce”.Itofficiallyannouncestheplanandmakesitofficialasapublicdocument;givingbothauthorityandresponsibilitytothoseorganizationsidentifiedwithinittoperformtheirgiventasks.Itshoulddescribetheprocessandresponsibilitiesforthosetaskedwithidentifying,preparingandmaintainingstandardoperatingproceduresthatexplain“how”thetaskswillbecompleted.Itshouldalsocommitthoseorganizationstaskedtotrainandexerciseasappropriatetosuccessfullyimplementtheplan.
PromulgationoftheKathmanduMetropolitanCityEmergencyOperationsPlan
SAMPLE FORMAT
Byvirtueoftheauthorityvestedinmebyauthorizingpolicy/regulationasMayorofKathmanduMetropolitanCityandastheadministratorultimatelyresponsibleforemergencymanagementofKathmanduMetropolitanCity.IherebypromulgateandissuetheKathmanduMetropolitanCityEmergencyOperationsPlan(“thePlan”)dated[providedate].ThePlanprovidesforKathmanduMetropolitanCityresponsetoemergenciesanddisastersinordertosavelives;protectpublichealth,safety,andproperty;restoreessentialservices;andenableandassisteconomicrecovery.
ThePlancomplieswiththeKMCEmergencyManagementLawandisconsistentwiththeNaturalCalamityActof1982asimplementedintheCentralGovernmentResponsePlanadoptedin1982.
TheKMCHeadofEmergencyManagement,onbehalfoftheKMCAdministration,isherebyauthorizedtoactivatetheKMCEmergencyOperationsCenter(“EOC”)inordertodirectandcontrolKMCemergencyoperations.
OpeningoftheEOCshallconstituteimplementationofthePlan.
Furthermore,theKMC Head of Emergency Managementisherebyauthorized,incoordinationwiththeCity Department Heads,toamendthePlanasnecessarytoensurethecontinuedhealthandsafetyoftheresidentsandpropertyoftheKMC.
AssignedinthePlan,theheadofeachdesignatedKMCdepartmentshallappointaleadandatleastonealternateforthedepartment.EachdepartmentleadwillbeassignedtotheEmergencyOperationsCenterandhaveauthoritytomakedecisionsonbehalfoftheDepartmenttodirectresourceswiththeintenttosavelives,reducefurtherinjuries,andprotectproperty.
ThisPromulgationshallbeeffectiveuponitssigningandshallremaininfullforceandeffectuntilamendedorrescindedbyfurtherpromulgation.
GivenundermyhandandundertheSealoftheKathmanduMetropolitanCity,thisdatedayofMonthYear.
Mayor and Chief Executive Officer, Kathmandu Metropolitan City:
Attest:
Witness:
46 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
4.3 Approval & Implementation Document (Sample Format)__________________________________________________________________
Thisdocumentintroducestheplan,outlinesitsapplicability,andindicatesthatitsupersedesallpreviousplans.Itmustincludeadateandbesignedbytheseniorelectedofficial(s).
ResolutionEmergencyOperationsPlan
SAMPLE FORMAT
WHEREAStheGoverningCouncilofKathmanduMetropolitanCityrecognizestheneedtopreparefor,respondto,andrecoverfromnaturalandmanmadedisasters;and
WHEREASKathmanduMetropolitanCityhasaresponsibilitytoprovideforthesafetyandwell-beingofitscitizensandvisitors;and
WHEREASKathmanduMetropolitanCityhasestablishedandappointedaHeadofEmergencyManagement.
NOW,THEREFORE,BEITRESOLVEDbytheMayor,KathmanduMetropolitanCity,thisEmergencyOperationsPlanasrevisedisofficiallyadopted,and
ITISFUTHERRESOLVEDANDORDEREDthattheHeadofEmergencyManagement,orhis/herdesignee,istaskedandauthorizedtomaintainandreviseasnecessarythisdocumentoverthenexttwo(2)yearperiodoruntilsuchtimebeorderedtocomebeforethiscouncil.
________________________________________________Chairman,KathmanduMetropolitanCityGoverningCouncilMayor,CityCouncil
ATTEST:
_____________________________LegalOfficer
Adoptedthis___dayof____________________20##
47Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
4.4 Record of Changes Document___________________________________________________________________
Allupdatestothisdocumentmustbetrackedandrecordedonthefollowingform.
Table 2. Record of Changes
Change Num-ber or Version Number
Date of Change
Page or Section Changed
Summary of Change Name of Person Authorizing Change
Version 1.0 03.11.09 First draft First Draft Version presented to KMC & planning officials as an exercise.
Jim Buika, EMI
Version 1.1 09.03.09 Second Draft Full Plan completed, Additional Concept of Operations for Emergency Operations Center discussed on Sept 24 training with KMC Planners
Jim Buika, EMI
Version 1.2 11.14.09 Third Draft Basic Plan incorporates Incident Command System organization chart for the Emergency Opera-tions Center Emergency Opera-tions Plan organized into Parts I – V ESF Maxtrix, version 2
KMC Planning Team input Jim Buika, EMI
Version 1.3 Dec 17 + 18, 2009.
Fourth Draft Changes completed from meeting with Selected Planning Officials at NSET. This version was provided to the DKKV funding institution.
Additional changes to ESF Matrix finalized by KMC Planning Com-mittee by Dec. 31, 2009
KMC Planning Team input to Jim Buika, EMI
5
6
7
8
9
48 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
4.5 Record of Distribution Document_____________________________________________________________________________
Therecordofdistributioncanbeusedtoprovethatthosetaskedwithintheplanhaveacknowledgedreceipt,reviewedandacceptedtheplan.Distributiontothepubliccanalsobelisted,butthepublicplanshouldnotincludeanysensitiveorpersonalinformation.
Table 3. Record of Distribution
Group Agency/Department Title of Recipient How Distributed (elec-tronic or hard-copy)
49Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
4.6 Exercise and Training Schedule for Emergency Operations Plan__________________________________________________________________
Exercise Schedule
• AtabletopexerciseoftheEmergencyOperationsPlanwillbeheldtwiceayear;afunctionaldrillforsomeportionsoftheplanwillbeheldonceayear;andafull-scaleexercisewillbeheldannually.Theseexercisesordrillscanbedoneinconjunctionwithotherscheduledinternationalorministryexercisesordrills,suchastheInternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGroupexerciseinApril2009orthePACOMexerciseinSeptember2009.
• Thecoordinatorwillmaintainthescheduleandassurethattheappropriateresourcesareavailabletocompletetheseactivities.
• Aftereachdrill,anafter-actionreviewwilltakeplace.Anyfindingsfromthesepost-eventreviewswillbeincorporatedintoanupdateoftheplan.
Trainings and Exercises Conducted and Accomplished
Exercises Conducted• InternationalsearchandrescueadvisorygroupexerciseinApril2009
• PACOMexerciseinSeptember2009
• Conductedatabletopexercise,usingreferencedearthquakescenarioinAnnexIIforinviteddepartmentalprojectplannersandstakeholders.CompletedtrainingonEmergencyManagementSystemsfor24KMCdepartmentplannersanddecisionmakers,September2009byEarthquakesandMegacitiesInitiative.
Training Modules Delivered to Disaster Management Section and KMC Planning Personnel• ThefollowingEmergencyManagementSystemtrainingmodulesweredeliveredtoKMC
DisasterManagementSectionandPlanningPersonnelduringthetimeframe,November2008-September2009,byEMIinconjunctionwiththisproject:
1. Contextofemergencymanagementatcitylevel2. Traditionalapproachversusprofessionalapproachtoemergencymanagement3. Conceptofoperations4. Emergencymanagementsystems
* Emergencysupportfunctions* Emergencyoperationscenter* Incidentcommandsystem
5. Rolesandresponsibilities6. Tabletopexercisetounderstandrolesandresponsibilities7. Developingtheemergencyoperationsplanandtheplanningprocess8. Keyemergencyresponsefunctions
* Damageassessment* Disasterdeclarations* Searchandrescue
50 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
* EmergencyMedicalCare&Triage9. BasicIncidentCommandSystemTraining&Organization
* HeadofEOC:ManagementTeamandOperationsSectionStaffingPatterns* Settingoperationalprioritiesandpreparingforthepressbriefing
10.PreparingtheCEOforamediabriefing,and11.BriefingonKMCConceptofOperationsandBasicPlan
51Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
The KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PARTI: Introduction
PARTII: BasicPlanonHowKMCRespondstoaDisaster
PARTIII: ResponseRolesandResponsibilitiesandEmergency SupportFunctions
PARTIV: PlanMaintenance,Promulgation&Distribution, Exercise&TrainingSchedule
PARTV: SupplementalInformationonPlan Background,NepalEmergencyManagement System,Hazards,Demographics,and Capabilities
AnnexI: EmergencySupportFunctionMatrix&Annexes
AnnexII: KMCTableTopEarthquakeScenarioforaMagnitude 8.0Earthquake.
KMC Emergency Operations Plan
PART V: Supplemental Information on Plan Background, Nepal Emergency Management System, Hazards, Demographics, and Capabilities
• PART V: Supplemental Information on Plan Background, Nepal Emergency Management System, Hazards, Demographics, and CapabilitiesisacollectionofalladditionalinformationthatsupplementstheBasicPlanandEmergencySupportFunctionsinPartsIIandIII.ThisPartincludes(1)Planbackground,(2)NationalEmergencyManagementSysteminformation,(3)AdditionalGuidelinesandProceduresforResponseOperations,(4)Additionalhazardanddemographicinformation,(5)asummarizedearthquakeriskassessment(alsoseeAnnexII),and6)additionaltechnicalcapabilities.PartVshouldbeaugmentedeveryyearwithupdatedandadditionalinformation.
52 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.1 Background on Plan Development___________________________________________________________________
Origins of Project• KMC, EMI, and NSET entered into a partnership in 2004.ThisprojectemergedfromEMI’s
ongoingCross-cuttingCapacityDevelopmentProgram,2005-2008,MainstreamingDisasterRiskReductioninMegacities,pilotedinKathmanduandMetroManila.
• Project Draws on Past Expert Studies.Theprojectbuildsonseveralpast,dedicated,researchinstituteandgovernmentsupporteffortsonearthquakeriskreductioninKMC.TheseincludeJapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA),EarthquakeDisasterMitigationResearchCenter,Japan,PacificDisasterCenter,USA,UniversityofKobe,Japan,UNDP--NepalandGeneva,OrganizationforEconomicCo-OperationandDevelopment(OECD),Paris,andProventionConsortium,Geneva.
Problem Statement• Kathmandu faces a Magnitude 8.0 Earthquake.SeismicstudiesconductedinNepalrecognized
thatKMCfaceshighriskfromearthquakehazards.Theriskcouldbesimilartothescopeandscaleofthemagnitude8.1GujaratEarthquakethatstruckIndiain2001where20,000peoplewereleftdead,167,000injured,andnearlyamillionhomesdestroyed.
• Need for Emergency Response is High.Theneedforemergencyresponsetoalargeearthquakein
Kathmanduisinevitableandcouldberequiredatanymoment.
• KMC has not previously developed an Emergency Operations Plan. Currently,KMCdoesnothaveinplaceanEOPnorafullydevelopedemergencymanagementgovernmentalorganization,orthecapacitytorespondinawell-coordinatedandorganizedmanner.
• Requests by Officials to Develop an Emergency Response Operations Plan.InterviewsconductedbyEMI,NSET,KMCTeamin2005withministriesandKMCdepartmentsrevealedthatmajorityofrespondentswanttodevelopaviableEmergencyOperationsPlan.
Addressing the Problem• KMChasestablishedanewDisasterManagementSectionwithintheUrbanDevelopment
Department,PlanningandMonitoringDivision,UrbanDevelopmentAdministrationandDisasterManagementSection,Policy,in2009.
• EMIhasdevelopedthefollowingdraftsupportdocumentstofacilitateinstitutionalizationoftheDisasterManagementSection:* MissionStatement* VisionandChallengeStatement* FiveJobPositionDescriptions* SampleEmergencyManagementOrdinance
• EMIcontinuestoprovidetrainingsessionstoKMCplanners,staff,andofficials(ninetrainingmodulesdeliveredin2008-2009).
• EMIhasassistedKMCtoDevelopanEmergencyOperationsPlanthatconformstointernationalstandards.The`EmergencyOperationsPlanframeworkbuildsonorganizedandfunctional
53Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
emergencymanagementsystemsthatreflectover20yearsofexperienceintheUnitedStatesandworldwide.
• KMCProtocolswithDistricts,MinistriesandtheUN.TheEOPdescribesKMCprotocolswiththeDistrictDisasterReliefCommittee,nationalministriesandinternationalorganizationssuchastheUNtoaccessandfundtimelyresponsepersonnelandresources.
• KMCRequiresaProfessionalApproachtoEmergencyManagement.Theinternationallyacceptedprofessionalapproachtoemergencymanagementrequiresmostgovernmentdepartmentstoplaybothprimaryandsupportrolesduringemergencyresponse.KMCdepartmentswillmanageitsownresponse,withliaisonstoresourcesupportorganizations.
• TheEmergencyOperationsPlanIdentifiesTrainingOpportunities.ThePlanidentifiesKMCcurrentcapabilities,identifiesgaps,andoutlinesrequiredtrainingrequirementstoincreaseresponsereadiness.ThePlanshouldbeusedasanopportunitytodocumentsoundpracticesforfuturefundingandcontinuousimprovement.
Development of the KMC Emergency Operations Plan• ThisEmergencyOperationsPlanwasdevelopedinaparticipatoryprocessthatinvolvedKMC
departmentheadsandstaff.ThemeetingswereorganizedbytheKMCDisasterManagementSection.EMIandNSET-NepaldevelopedtheinitialdraftincorporatingtheinputsfromKMCDepartmentplannersandusinginternationalbestpracticesinemergencymanagement.AtrainingonEMSwasalsoconductedduringthemeetings.
• Aseriesoftabletopexercisesonearthquakescenarioswasconductedwiththefollowingobjectives:
a. Developcommonoperatingprocedures,knownastheConceptofOperations,forhowKMCwillrespondinadisaster;
b. DefinewhichKMCdepartmentshavemajorrolesandresponsibilitiestorespondtoadisaster;
c. DefinetheorganizationalrelationshipsbetweenKMCdepartmentsforemergencyresponseoperations.Thesedepartmentalresponsibilitiesarereferredtoas“horizontal”relationshipsandlinkagessincetheyarebetweendepartmentsandatthesameorganizationallevelofgovernment;
d. Understandanddocumentdepartmentalrelationshipstothecentralgovernmentresponders,wardleaders,andNGOsthatprovideassistanceduringresponseoperations;
e. Theserolesandresponsibilitiesandorganizationalrelationships,andoperatingproceduresaredefinedinPartsIIandIIIoftheEOP.
5.2 Emergency Management Structure for Nepal___________________________________________________________________
ThissectionofthereportpresentsthefindingsandanalysisinregardtotheexistingEmergencyManagementStructures/Systemandemergencymanagementcapabilitiesasbasedonthedifferentactivitiesconductedfordatagathering.BelowaresomeexcerptsfromtheEMITechnicalReports,February,2008:
54 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Nepal Disaster Management Structure under the Natural Calamity (Relief) Act, of 1982 • Inthepast20years,theNepalesegovernmenthasformulatedanumberofnaturaldisaster
preparednessplans,programs,andacts.ThemostprominentofthemistheNaturalCalamity(Relief )Act,of1982,whichdefinestheofficialdisastermanagementsystematcentral,regional,district,andlocallevels.
Ministry of Home Affairs, Narcotics, Drug Control, and Disaster Management Functions & Responsibilities• TheMinistryofHomeAffairsthroughitsdepartmentofNarcotics,DrugControl,andDisaster
Management,isthenationalagencyfocalpointresponsiblefordisastermanagementinNepal.
• TheDisasterManagementSectionismanagedbytheJointSecretaryPlanningandSpecialServiceDivision
Figure 9. Ministry of Home Affairs Joint Secretary organization and responsibilities
Minister for Home Affairs
State Minister for Home Affairs
Secretary
Joint Secretary: Management Division
Citizenship & Arms SectionInternal Management Section
Financial Administration SectionParlour & Ceremony Management Section
Joint Secretary: Personnel Administration Division
Personnel Administration SectionPolice Administration Section
Acts & Rules Consultation Section
Joint Secretary: Law and Order Division
Law & Order Maintenance SectionBorder and Immigration Section
Local Administration Section
Joint Secretary: Planning and Special Service Division
Disaster Management SectionNarcotics Control Section
Planning and Monitoring Section
55Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
• MOHA’svitalfunctionsare:1. Formulationofnationalpoliciesandtheirimplementation;2. Preparednessanddisastermitigation;3. Immediaterescueandreliefworks;4. Datacollectionanddissemination;and5. Collectionanddistributionoffundsandresources.
• MOHA’snationalnetworktocopewithnaturaldisastersisintegratedby75ChiefDistrictOfficers,oneineachoftheadministrativedistricts,whoactasthecrisismanagerintheeventofanaturaldisaster.
• Themainfunctionofthedepartment(DisasterManagementSection)istoactivelyandefficientlyco-ordinateandcarryoutemergencypreparednessanddisastermanagementactivitieswithconcernedagencies.
• DisasterManagementTeaminMOHA(http://www.drrgon.gov.np/en/framework/focal.php)1. Hon.DeputyPrimeMinisterandHomeMinisterMr.BamdevGautam2. HomeSecretaryDr.GovindPrasadKusum3. DivisionHead,JointSecretrayMr.ShankarPrasadKoirala4. SectionHead,UnderSecretaryMr.ThirBahadurG.C.5. UnderSecretaryMr.IshwarrajRegmi6. SectionOfficerMr.SumanGhimire7. Admin.Asst,Mr.DipakNeupane8. ComputerOperatorMr.PradipGiri
MinistryofHomeAffairsasNationalFocalPointonDisasterManagement:(fromwebsite)1. CentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeundertheChairpersonshipofHomeMinisterand
comprisingofrelatedministriesandsecurityagenciesalongwithvoluntaryorganizationlikeRedCross.
2. TosupportthefunctioningofCentralCommittee,thereareWorkingCommittee,ReliefandTreatmentSub-committeeandSupply,ShelterandRehabilitationSub-committee
3. RegionalNaturalDisasterReliefcommitteeundertheChairpersonshipofRegionalAdministratorandcomprisingofrelatedgovernmentagenciesandsecurityagenciesalongwithvoluntaryorganizationlikeRedCross.
4. DistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee
5. LocalNaturalDisasterReliefCommittee
6. TheRoyalNepalArmyandNepalPoliceplayimportantrolesinrescueoperations.Policeofficialscollectfirst-handinformationofadisasterandinformconcernedofficials.Intheeventofacatastrophicdisaster,NepalPoliceestablishcommandpoststofacilitaterescueoperations.Moreover,NepalPolicepersonnelcollectmostofthedisasterdataandinformation.
56 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Central Disaster Relief Committee (CDRC) Composition• TheCDRCoverseesthedisasterresponsesystem.HeadedbytheMinisterofHomeAffairs,
CDRCconsistsofthefollowingmembers:
Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee
Working Committee
Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation
Sub-Committee
Relief and Treatment Sub-Committee
Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee
District Disaster Relief Committee
Local Disaster Relief Committee
Honorable Home Minister Chairman
Honorable Physical Planning and Construction Minister Member
Honorable Health and Population Minister Member
Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member
Secretary, Ministry of Defense Member
Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs Member
Secretary, Ministry of External Affairs Member
Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Transport Management Member
Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources Member
Secretary, Ministry of Information and Communication Member
Secretary, Ministry of Forest and Soil-Conservation Member
Secretary, Ministry of Women. Children and Social Welfare Member
Secretary, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies Member
Secretary, Secretariat of national Planning Commission Member
Brigadier, Nepal Army Member
Inspector General of Police, Police Headquarters Member
Representative, Social Service National Coordination Council Member
Representative, Nepal Red Cross Society Member
Representative, Nepal Scout Member
Director General, Department of Mining and Geology Member
Director General, Department of Metrology Member
Two reputed persons nominated by Nepal Government Member
Joint Secretary (Planning and Special Service Division), Home Ministry Member Secretary
57Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Central Disaster Relief Committee (CDRC) Functions (from MOHA Web Site)• Followingadisaster,CDRCmeetsasrequiredtoaddresstheneedsoftheaffectedpopulation.
Thecommitteeisalsoinvolvedincoordinationofrehabilitationefforts.
• ThemainfunctionsanddutiesoftheCentralDisasterReliefCommittee(CDRC)areto:1. Formulatenationalpoliciesonreliefworksincludingtherehabilitationofthevictims
andreconstructioninareasaffectedbynaturaldisasters.CDRCisalsotaskedtoprepareprogramsinaccordancewiththesaidpolicyandsubmitthemtoNepalGovernment.
2. ImplementthepoliciesandprogramsformulatedpursuanttotheclauseaboveaftertheyhavebeenapprovedbyNepalGovernment.
3. Keepthemoney,foodstuff,clothes,medicines,constructionmaterialsandothergoodsasaidordonationunderCentralDisasterReliefAidfundandtosendsuchgoodsasrequiredforreliefworkindisasterareas;
4. Associatethesocialorganizationsinnaturaldisasterreliefworksandcoordinatetheactivitiesofthoseorganizations;
5. Formteamsandsendthemtodisasterareatoassistinnaturaldisasterreliefworks;6. Givedirectionstothedistrictcommitteeandlocalcommitteeonthemattersrelatingto
reliefworks;and7. PerformtheworksspecifiedbyNepalGovernmentfortheexecutionofnaturaldisaster
reliefworks.
Regional Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Membership
Regional Administrator Chairman
Regional Head, Nepal Army Member
Regional Head, Nepal Armed Police Member
Regional Chief, Health Directorate Member
Regional Chief, Roads Directorate Member
Regional Chief, Irrigation Directorate Member
Divisional Chief, Water Supply and Sanitation Member
Regional Chief, Forest Directorate Member
Two reputed Social Workers (nominated by chairman) Member
Regional Chief, National Planning Commission Member
Regional Representative, Nepal Red-cross Society Member
Regional Representative, Nepal Scout Member
Deputy Regional Administrator Member Secretary
Regional Disaster Relief Committee (RDRC) Functions(from MOHA Web Site)ThemainfunctionsanddutiesoftheRDRCareto:1. ProvidenecessarysuggestionstotheCDRC.2. Formulateregionalanddistrictlevelplansonnaturaldisaster.3. Coordinatedistrictdisasterreliefcommitteesregardingdisaster.4. Providedisaster-relatedinformationtoCDRC.5. ImplementdirectionsoftheCDRC.
58 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Membership
Chief District Officer Chairman
District Level Representative of the National Level Political Parties Member
Chief of Nepal Army Unit Member
Chief of the District Police Office Member
In Charge, Public Health Office/Hospital Member
Representative, Nepal Red Cross Society Member
Engineer, District Housing and Town Development Office Member
Chief, District Irrigation Office Member
Chief, District Agriculture Development Bank Member
Reputed Social Worker Member
Local Development Officer Member Secretary
District Disaster Relief Committee (DDRC) Functions• Atthedistrictlevel,DDRCistheactiveagencyforcoordinatingreliefsupport.This
committee,chairedbytheChiefDistrictOfficer,consistsofrepresentativesfrompublicsectororganizations,suchastheDistrictHealthOffice,theNepalRedCrossSociety,andsimilaragencies.
• DDRCisresponsibleforcoordinatingthedistrictlevelreliefefforts,includingmedicalsupportanddistributionoffoodandotheressentialsupplies.
• ThemainfunctionsanddutiesoftheDDRCareto:1. Coordinatewithlocalcommitteesregardingnaturaldisasterreliefworks;2. Formulatedistrictlevelplansondisasterreliefworksandsubmitsuchplanstotheregional
committee;3. Monitorthedisasterreliefworksconductedbylocalcommitteesandsupporttheongoing
works;4. Provideinformationtotheregionalcommitteeaboutnaturaldisasterreliefworksfromtime
totime;and5. Workinaccordancewiththedirectivesofthecentralandregionalcommittees.
5.3 Role: Ministry of Water Resources Department of Water-induced Disaster Prevention__________________________________________________________________
• GiventhesevereandrecurrentimpactoffloodsinNepal,theMinistryofWaterResourcesreliesonthewell-trainedandspecializedDepartmentofWater-InducedDisasterPrevention-theleadagencyinthissector.
• EstablishedasaTechnicalCenterin1991afteranagreementbetweentheGovernmentofNepalandtheGovernmentofJapan,theMinistryofWaterResourceswaschangedtodepartmentcategoryin2000tocarryoutdifferentactivitiesrelatedtowater-induceddisasterpreventionandmitigation.Despitethisgrowth,itsmandate,authority,andresourcesdidnotexpandtocoveritscoordinatingrole.
59Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
5.4 Medical Response as Described by the Disaster Health Working Group___________________________________________________________________
• http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Nepal_-_EPR_Publications_HS-EPR-Nep-planning.pdf• SummaryLink:http://www.searo.who.int/worldhealthday2009/focus/Article.htm• http://www.sphereproject.org/content/view/27/84/
ThisisanationalleveldocumentpreparedbytheDisasterHealthWorkingGroup(DHWG)whichdetailsresponserolesandpriorityresponseactions.ThePlanismanagedbytheDHWGSecretariat.
Medical Response Policies for a Concept of Operations1. Performrapidfieldassessmentswithin24hours2. InformdonorsorganizationsofwhatNepalhealthorganizationsDONOTneed3. HealthSectorResponseisguidedbySPHEREstandardshttp://www.sphereproject.org/content/
view/27/84/4. ScopeofimmediatehealthresponseincludesSearchandRescue,firstaid,curativecare,medical
evacuation,andpublichealth5. Themostimportantpublichealthissuesafterdisasterarerestoringsafedrinkingwaterand
provideadequatesanitationmeasures(MinistryofHealthandDeptofWaterSupplyandSanitation).
6. Implementdiseasesurveillance.7. PolicyineffectNOTtogiveimmunizationsforcholeraandtyphoid,astheimmunizations
havebeenineffectiveandnotagooduseofresources.8. Useradiotoprovidepublicinformationonhealthissues.9. Setupadvancedmedicalfieldsites10.Planformobilehospitals.Evaluaterequirementformobilehospitalsiffixedhospitalsare
vulnerabletoearthquakes.
Additional RemarksThereisaseriesofpublichealthresponsedocumentsresultingfromseveralyearsofprojectsinearly2000’sbyDisasterHealthWorkingGroupandtheDHWGSecretariat.NSETwasinvolved.SomeofitwastheUSAIDPEERtrainingforhospitals.
5.5 Other Organizations and Agencies involved in Disaster Management in Nepal ___________________________________________________________________
http://www.drrgon.gov.np/en/faq/fromMOHAwebsite:
MoHA,MoHP,MoPPC,MoWEandseveralgovernmentagenciesareinvolvedindisasterriskreduction.TheseagenciesworkcloselywithvariousinternationalagenciessuchasJICA,ADRC,ADPC,UNDP,WHO,UNISDR,UNOCHA,UNDAC,USAID/OFDA,UMN,CARE,WFP,SCFalliance,GTZ,LWF,ActionAidNepal,ADRA,etc.VariousprofessionalorganizationsandNGOslikeNRCShavebeenprovidinghighlyvaluablesupportinemergencysituations.OtherorganizationsinNepallikeDWIDP,DP-NETNSET,NCDM,NGS,NLSS,NDMF,andfewothershavecontributedsignificantlybyconductingresearchandcapacitybuildingprogramstoenhancepublicawarenessinthecountry.
60 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.6 Municipal Level Emergency Management System _____________________________________________________________________________
Source:EMITechnicalDocument
ThemajorityofthemunicipalitiesinNepalhaveyettoestablishandsustaintheirownEmergencyManagementSystem.
KMCiscurrentlyundergoingreorganizationandhascreatedamoresustainableDisasterManagementSection,clearlyidentifyingitsrolesandresponsibilitieswithguidancefromtheEMIteam.6
AmongthemunicipalitieswithintheKathmanduValley,LalitpurSub-MetropolitanCity(LSMC)hasmadeadvancesinemergencyplanning.ThroughtheLSMCDisasterPreparednessandResponsePlan,supportedbyUNICEF,EUandNSET,severaldisasterpreparednessactivitieshavealreadybeenaccomplishedincludingtheidentificationofevacuationsitesandareasforplacingdeeptubewellsforemergencywatersupply.Asanoutcomeoftheproject,aDisasterPreparednessandResponseFramework(DPRF)wasdevelopedconsideringthedifferentresponseactivitiesofLSMC,althoughthishasyettobedetailedforimplementation.http://www.nset.org.np/nset/php/events_dprp.php
Anotheractivitywithinthesaidprojectwastrainingformasons,implementedbyNSET,whichlaterestablishedasthe‘LalitpurEarthquakeResistantMasonGroup’.7
5.7 Ward/Community Level Emergency Management System__________________________________________________________________
Source:EMITechnicalDocument
SeveralcommunitylevelactivitieshaveproveneffectiveindisseminatinginformationandhavemotivatedconcernedstakeholderstounderstandandappreciatetheirrolesinachievingasuccessfulEmergencyManagementSystem.Itwasalsofoundthatthereisalargegapinemergencymanagementpracticesbetweennational,regional,municipal,andcommunitylevels.8Further,acommunity-basedemergencymanagementsystemrarelybecomessustainableifnotlinkedtothegovernancestructuresandfunctionsoflocalgovernment.Therefore,anyemergencymanagementstructureshouldchargeKMCwiththeresponsibilityofprovidingguidanceandsupportmechanismstocommunitylevelinitiativestoensuretheircontinuityandsustainability.
Acommunityoutreachandawarenessactivitywasundertakenon13December2009aspartoftheEOPdevelopmentproject.Nextstepsincludeintegratingward-levelresponseplanningactivitiesintotheKMCEmergencyOperationPlan.
6 This information came from the CEO himself, during a Key Informant Meeting on February 10, 2008.7 Information is based on Engr. Niyam Maharjan’s presentation in the Workshop on Emergency Man-agement conducted on February 7, 2008. Engr. Maharjan is the Section Head of the Building Permit Section in Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (LSMC).8 Information is also based on discussions held during the Workshop on Emergency Management.
61Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
5.8 Additional Guidelines and Procedures for Response Operations___________________________________________________________________
Ministry of Home Affairs National Action Plan, 1996 • MoHAhasformulatedaNationalActionPlanin1996.Itisaplanofactionfordisaster
mitigationinthecountryinclosecooperationwithvariousgovernmentalandnon-governmentalagencies.
Disaster Management System in Nepal, September 2001• ThisdocumentwasdevelopedbyMoHA,DepartmentofNarcoticsControlandDisaster
Management,Kathmandu,Nepal.ThisdocumentreferencestheNaturalCalamityReliefAct,2039,(1982AD),asamended.
• ItcontainsalistofAgenciesandNGOsinvolvedinDisasterManagement(page5-6).
• ItalsoenumeratesCentralNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeMembership,Functions,andDuties:1. Disasterdeclarations;2. DisasterreliefpoliciesandPrograms;3. Implementdisasterreliefpoliciesandprograms;4. Providerelieffundsandaid;5. Formdisasterteamsanddeploytoareas;and6. Directlocalcommitteesondisasterreliefwork.
• ThedocumentalsooutlinesDistrictNaturalDisasterReliefCommitteeMembership,FunctionsandDuties:1. Coordinatereliefoperationswithlocalcommittees;2. Formulatedistrict-levelplansonnaturaldisasterreliefworksandsubmitsuchplanstothe
regionalcommittee;3. Monitorthenaturaldisasterreliefworksbeingconductedbythelocalcommitteesand
supporttheongoingworks;4. Provideinformationtotheregionalcommitteeaboutnaturaldisasterreliefworksfromtime
totime;and5. WorkinaccordancewiththedirectivesofthecentralandregionalCommittees.
5.9 KMC Legal Status of Disaster Management Section___________________________________________________________________
AccordingtoMr.BasantaAcharya,LegalOfficial,KathmanduMetropolitanCity,theDisasterRiskManagementSectioncannotbeinstitutionalizedattheCitylevel(KMCGovernmenthasnopowertocreateOrdinances)whileatthecountrylevel,theconstrainttoestablishingKMC-levelordinancesistheon-goingconstitutionalreview.The2009KMCorganizationalchartindicatesthattheDisasterManagementSectionhasbeencreatedwithintheUrbanDevelopmentDepartment.
Organizational Structure of Disaster Management SectionInalettertoEMI,dated24April2008,thenCEOThapaliyastatesthattheDisasterManagementSectionwascreatedwithMr.DhrubaKumarKafleastheSectionHead.HefurtherstatedinhisletterthatheauthorizedthestructuringofthisunitasCEOwiththeconsentoftheKMCboard.SeeLetterofAuthorization.
62 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Metropolitan Council
Metropolitan City
Account & Other Committee
Mayor
International Relation Secretariat
Executive Officer
Deputy Mayor
Administration and Organizational Dev.
Department
Economic Management Department
Public Health & Social Development Department
Physical Development & Construction
Department
Urban Development Department
Environment Management Department
Departments - 6Divisions - 15Sections - 33
Administration Division
Revenue Division Public Health Division
1. HRD & Personnel Management Section
2. Internal Administra-tion Section
3. Store Section
4. Vital Registration Section
1. Revenue Planning & Monitoring Section2. Revenue Collection Section
1. Urban Health Promotion Section
2. Food & Quality Monitoring Section
Law Division
1. Litigation Section
2. Misil Section
Enforcement Division
1. Monitoring & Contol Section
2. Work Management Section
Information & Documentation
Division
1. Media Section
2. Information Technology & Docu-mentation Section
Account & Budgeting Division
1. Account & Budgeting Control Section
2. Account Allocation Control Section
1. Internal Audit Section
Social Welfare & Cultural Division
1. Cultural Conservation & Tourism Section
2. Community Development & Social Welfare Section
3. Education & Sports Section
Public Infrastructure Development
Division
1. Design Section
2. Water Supply, Sewerage & Electricity Section
Building & Heritage Division
1. Building & Maintenance Section
2. Heritage Conservation Section
Road & Traffic Management
Division
1. Physical Development & Construction Administration Section
Urban Development Department
1. Building Permit Section
2. Land Use Planning Section
Policy Planning & Monitoring
Division
1. Urban Develop-ment Administra-tion & Disaster Management Section
2. Geographical Information System Section
Environment Division
1. Solid Waste Management Section
2. Land Fill Management Section
3. Park & Greenery Promotion Section
4. Mechanical Section
Environment Administra-tion Division
Organizational Structure of Kathmandu Metropolitan City
63Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
64 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.10 Natural Hazards & Recent Disasters_____________________________________________________________________________
Recent Disasters Ruggedandfragilegeophysicalstructures,steepslopes,complexgeology,variableclimaticconditions,activetectonicprocesses,unplannedsettlements,denseandincreasingpopulation,pooreconomicconditions,andalowliteracyratehavemadeNepalvulnerabletovarioustypesofnaturaldisasters.Figure10showstheGeographicalLocationofRecentMajorDisastersinNepal(UNNepal’sInter-AgencyDisasterResponsePreparednessPlan,2001).
Figure 10. Geographical Distribution of Recent Major Disasters
Themiddlehillsaremainlypronetolandslides,whiletheflatTarairegionispronetofloodsandfire.Thus,flood,landslides,andfirearethemostfrequentnaturaldisasterscausinglossoflifeandseveredamagetopropertyinNepal.Whileearthquakesarenotfrequent,historicallyNepalhasexperiencedseveraldestructiveearthquakeswithmorethan11,000peoplekilledinfourmajorearthquakesinthepastcentury.
EarthquakesThemainsourceofseismicactivityinNepalisthesubductionoftheIndianplateundertheTibetanplateorHimalayas.AnothersourceofearthquakesintheValleyistheidentifiedseismicgapzoneinthemiddleofNepal.SeismicrecordsforNepaldatebackto1255A.D.Sincethattime,destructiveearthquakesoccurredintheyears1408,1681,1810,1833,and1866withthe1833earthquakebeingthemostdestructive.
In1934,an8.4magnitudeearthquakestruckKathmanduValleykilling4,300people,destroying20percentofallstructuresanddamaginganother40percentoftheValley’sbuildings.InKathmandu,aquarterofallhomesweredestroyedalongwithanumberoftemplesinBhaktapur.InrecentdecadesNepalexperiencedtwomajorearthquakes:a6.5magnitudeearthquakeintheBajhangdistrictthatkilled178peopleanddestroyedabout40,000housesanda6.6magnitudeearthquakein1988intheUdayapurdistrictthatkilled721peopleanddestroyed64,467houses.
65Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Earthquake Hazard Assessment
TheJICAstudy,AStudyonEarthquakeDisasterMitigationintheKathmanduValley,KingdomofNepal,identifiedanddescribedfourearthquakeevents..
EachofthefourEarthquakeScenariosintheJICAstudywillproducedifferentdamageresultsforKathmanduValley:
• 1934Earthquakemagnitude8.4,Bihar-NepalEarthquake,KMValleywouldexperiencethehighestintensitiesofallfourearthquakesVIII&IXineasternvalley
• Mid-NepalEarthquake(8.0)VIIIinvalley,moderateliquefactionpotentialinsomeareasalongtheBagmatiRiver.
• NorthBagmatiEarthquake(6.0).Earthquakeclustersjustnorthofthevalley.(VIorVII).Noliquefactionfromthisearthquake,belowthreshold.
• LocalEarthquake(5.7).IXintensitydirectlyalongvalleyfaultlineament.Otherpartsofthevalley(VIIorVIII).SomeliquefactionexpectedalongtheBagmatiRiver.
Floods, Landslides and Debris FlowTherearemorethan6,000riversandstreamsinNepal,mostofwhichflowfromnorthtosouthgenerallyathighvelocityduetosteeprivergradient.Amajorityofthelargeriversaresnow-fedfromtheHimalayas.Sincethetopographyofthecountryissteepandrugged,withhigh-angleslopesandcomplexgeology,largequantitiesofrainfallduringthemonsoonseasonleadstofloods,landslides,anddebrisflowsinanumberofcities.Settlementsandstructuresarebuiltwithoutconsideringnaturalhazardsthatposehighrisktothepublic.Inaddition,landslidescausedbythetorrentialrainsaddenormousvolumetostreamsandriverscausingfloodsanddebrisflowdownstream.This,inturn,canposeaseriousthreattolivesandcaninflictimmenseharmtoagriculturallands,crops,andproperties.InJuly1993theTarairegionexperiencedadestructivefloodthatclaimedthelivesof1,336peopleandaffectedanother487,534people.In1998,floodsandlandslidesaffectedvariouspartsofthecountry,mainlytheTaraiandthemiddlehillregionkilling273,injuring80,andimpacting33,549families.Thefloodsandlandslidesalsoruined45,000hectaresofcrops.Similarfloodingoccurredin1999andcontinuestooccurannually.
FireFiresarecommonduringthedryseason(betweenAprilandJune)whentemperaturesintheTarairegionreachhigherthan35∞Celsiusanditseldomrains.FiresarecommontotheruralTaraiandHillregionswhere90.8percentofthetotalpopulationlivesinpoorhousingconditions.Housesinruralregionsarebuiltofstrawortimberandtendtobeveryclosetoeachother,increasingtheriskoffireandfirespread.A1999blazekilled39people,injured10,andaffected1,065families.Thefire,withestimatedtotallossesofNRs$45.23million,destroyed1,035houses,52cattlesheds,and148livestock.
EpidemicInmostcasestheepidemicsofcholera,gastroenteritis,encephalitis,meningitis,typhoid,jaundice,malariaandsoforthoccurduringthesummerandrainyseason.Thistypeofdisasteroccursmainlybecauseofthelackofproperhealthcareandsanitation.In1999,1,207peoplediedofepidemicsaffecting6,119familiesinvariouspartsofthecountry.
66 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.11 Earthquake Risk Analysis (Hypothetical Only for Planning)__________________________________________________________________
BelowarethesummarizedearthquakeimpactsforKathmanduassumingtheMid-NepalMagnitude8.0Earthquake.ThisinformationisextractedfromJICA’sTheStudyonEarthquakeDisasterMitigationintheKathmanduValley,KingdomofNepal.
SeeAnnexIIforaTableTopExercisebasedonthissameMidNepalMagnitude8.0Earthquake,thathasbeenthebasisforresponseplantrainingexercisesaspartofthisplandevelopment.
Thisanalysisisusedforresponseplanningpurposesandishypotheticalonly:
Social Turmoil:• Timeofthedayforearthquakewillinfluencethesocialimpacts.Thehighestimpactswill
occurduringtheworkdayorschooldaywhenmembersofthefamilyaredispersed.• Centralgovernmentfailstofunctionrightaftertheearthquake.• Immediaterequestforinternationalaidwilltakeseveraldaystoarriveandoneweekto
administer• Selfhelpinactivitiesinthewardofficesandmunicipalitiesissuccessful• Coordinationcapacityofthecentralgovernmentresumesinabout2days.
Building Damages• 20percentofbuildingsareheavilydamagedespeciallythosebuiltfrommaterialslikeearthen-
mud,stoneandadobe.• LowpercentageofdamageinBCandRCbuildings,buttherecouldalsobesignificantdamage.• Manyhousescollapsewithbricksiron,timber,furniture,anddust.• Thenumberofdamagedbuildingsisgreaterintheurbancenterthanruralareas,withmore
thanhalfofallbuildingsinthewholeValleyexperiencingsomekindofdamage.
Casualties• Casualtiescanreachupto18,000dueprimarilytohousesandotherstructuresthatwill
collapseintheeventofanearthquake.• Mostcorpsesremaininthedebrisofbuildingsforanumberofdaysandthecapacityforproper
cremationswasovertaxed.Mostofthe147,000injurieswerefrombuildingcollapseandfallingobjects.
• Overonehalfthedeathsandinjuriesconsistedofolderpeople,children,andwomen.
Fire Blockage and Debris• Firesbreakoutbutdonotconflagratebecauseofthenonflammablebuildingmaterials• AccessbyfirevehiclestotheCentralCitycoreandcommercialareasisblockedbydebris.• Schoolshavebeenretrofittedandsufferedonlyminordamages.
Medical Care and Hospitals• Seriousinjuriesrequiringhospitalcarereached53,000withotherinjuriesat94,000.• Limitedresourcesofdoctors,nurses,medicinesandotherresourcesorfacilitiesarecritical.• Assistancerequiredfromabroadbutarrivedseveraldaysaftertheearthquake.
Homeless, Refugees, Shelters• 500,000peoplelefthomelesshavegatheredinsheltersoropenspaces,searchingforfamilyand
67Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
relatives.• Waterislimitedtoriverwater.Waterislimitedtoservehomelesspeople.• 10,000peoplestayinsheltersforalongtime.• Notonlythepeopleinthesheltersbutalsomanyotherscomplainedaboutthegovernment’s
inadequatepreparationandmanagementofthecrisis.
Education and Schools• Sixtypercentofschoolsweredamagedbecausetheywerepoorlybuiltandvulnerable.Over
40,000schoolchildrenaffected.• Manyschoolswillbeusedforsheltersforhomelessforalongperiodoftime.
Infrastructure (Roads, Bridges, Earthquake)• Roadsandbridgessurvivedtheearthquakefairlywell.Justblockageofroadsbycollapsed
buildings• Westernmountainsides,slopefailureoccurred,andsuspensionofaccesstoandfromIndia.• Bridgefailuresinlowlandsduetoliquefaction.• Difficultaccessbetweenbigsettlementswasthemostsignificantproblemforatleastafew
days,themostimportantdaysforemergencyresponse.• Theairportsufferedonlyslightdamages.Onlyafewdaysofpoweroutage.Resumptionof
transportationactivitiesafterafewdays.
Water Supply and Sewage• 80%ofwaterpipelinesdamagedinmunicipalareas.Watersupplytrucksmovethrough
accessiblevillages• Insufficientwatersuppliestomunicipalpeoplelastaverylongtime.
Power Supply• DamagetopowerlinesisconcentratedinKathmanduMunicipality.Manypowerlineswere
cut.Electricityisthemostimportantlifelinefacility.NepalElectricAuthorityfocusisrestoringpowerlifelinestoKathmandu.Restorationofpowerbecomesanimmediateprioritytoenhanceabilitytorescue,relief,andrecoveryactivities.
Communications and Information• Telecommunicationsstoppedcompletely,andtheearliestinformationofthetragedywas
transmittedbysatellitephonetotheworld.Afterseveraldays,telecommunicationshasbeenrestoredandmobilephonesplayedarole.
• Media(TV,radio,internet,andnewspaper)• Powerfailurecausedasuspensiontobroadcasting.HalfoftheFMradiostationshavetheir
ownhomepowergenerator.• Broadcastresumesin24hoursafterrecoveringpower.Broadcastisaboutsafetyinformation,
informationaboutreliefsuppliesforvictims,andrequestsforvolunteersintheValley.• Newspaperbuildingsandequipmentsufferedseriously.
68 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
5.12 Kathmandu Demographics, Facts, and Land Use__________________________________________________________________
(FromtheKathmanduMetropolitanCityOfficewww.kathmandu.gov.np)
Setting and FactsKathmanduMetropolitanCity(KMC)isthecapitalandlargestcityofNepal.ItisthecosmopolitanheartoftheHimalayanRegion.Ithasaglorioushistorygoingback2,000years,andarefinedculturethatranksamongthehighestinAsia.Itisalsoamodernfinancialandbusinesshub,exotictouristdestination,andasacredgoalforpilgrims.
Kathmanduissituatedinabowl-shapedvalleyincentralNepal.TheKingdomextendsabout885km.easttowestand193km.inwidthnorthtosouth.Theentireterrainislikeasteepincline,descendingfromtheicyHimalayanheightstothehotTeraiflatlandwithinashortdistance.
Thecountryhasanareaof147,181sq.km.,andispositionedbetween26022”to30027’NorthLatitudeand80004’to88012’EastLongitude.ItisborderedbyChinainthenorthandbyIndiainthesouth,westandeast.Nepalisatotallylandlockedcountry.
Founded : TenthCenturybyGunakamdeva(Kathmanduexistedastwosettle-mentsYambyandYamgalpriortothat)
Longitude/Latitude : 85020’East/27042’Region : SouthAsiaCountry/Capital : Nepal/KathmanduElevation : 1350mCityArea : 5067ha(50.67sq.km.)Population : 671,846(CBScensus2001)AnnualGrowthRate : 4.6%PopulationDensity : 13,225/sq.km.Numberofhousehold : 152155(CBScensus2001)ResidentialBuildings : 66,236RateofBuildingCon-struction
: 18.4%(5309inF.Y.2003)
Averagehouseholdsize : 4.4/hhAveragepop-density : 175.7per/haPercapitaincome : 360US$AverageDwellingsize : 2.30hh/houseMajorreligions : Hinduism,BuddhismPrincipalLanguage : Nepali,NepalBhasa(Newari)Absoluteextremetem-peratures
: Maximus35°C(April)andminimum1°C(January)
Annualrainfall : 1,407millimeters(mostlyduringJune-August)Averagehumidity : 75percentKMC’sWards : 35WorldHeritageSites : DurbarSquare,Swayambhunath,Pashupatinath,Bouddhanath
69Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Rivers : Bagmati,Bishnumati,DhobiKhola,Samakhusi,tukucha,BhauchaKhusi,Balkhu,Manamati
Maineconomicactivities
: Trade,tourism,carpets,garments,cottageindustries
Literacyrate : 83percentHealthservices : 50hospitalsandnursinghomesPersonperhospitalbed
: 381
TotalLengthofroads : 1036kmapproxBlacktopped–31%Graveled–16%Earthen–26%Others–27%)
MajorWaterSupplyline
: 373kmapprox
MajorSewerage/TrunkLines
: 365.6kmapprox
Airport : TribhuvanInternationalAirportLanduse : Residential–53.12%
Agricultural–17.87%Business–1.87%Service–10.94%Greenery–6.13%Mixeduse–7.01%Others–3.06%
Populationwww.kathmandu.gov.np
Kathmanduhasbeenadenselyinhabitedurbancenterfromhistoricaltimes.TheindigenouspeopleandthecreatorofitsuniquearetheNewars.Theystillmakeupalargesegmentofthepopulation.Overthecenturiesvariouspeopleshavecometosettlehere,andthepresentdemographyisverycosmopolitaninmakeup.Kathmandu,thus,offersadelightfularrayofdifferenttraditionsandculturalpractices.
Attractedbytheeconomicopportunities,moderncomfortsandthebrightlightofthecity,thecapitalhasinrecentyearsexperiencedafloodofmigrants.Thepopulation,asaresult,hasbeenswellingrapidly.Accordingtothecensusof2001,KMCisthehometo671,846residents.
Location and Physical Setting of KathmanduSource:“UrbanizationandurbanplanninginKathmandu”From2009-Reports:UrbanizationandUrbanPlanninginKathmanduwww.kathmandu.gov.np
KathmanduValley,whereKathmanduMetropolitanCity(KMC)lies,situatedbetweenthelatitudesof27∞32’13”and27∞49’10”northandlongitudes85∞11’31”and85∞31’38”east.
70 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Itcoverstheareaofabout667sq.kmandconsistsoffiveMunicipalities-Kathmandu,Lalitpur,Bhaktapur,ThimiandKirtipur.Apartfrom5Municipalitiesthereare110villagedevelopmentcommitteeswithinKathmanduValley.TheelevationofKathmanduvalleyis1350mabovemeansealevel.Thevalleyisbowlshapedwithriversdrainingtowardsthecenterofthebasin.ThetotalpopulationofKathmanduValleyin1991was15,71,583andisexpectedtobe20,20,404in2011.
TheKathmanduMetropolitanCitycoversanareaofabout50.8sq.km.andisdividedinto35wardsofwhichtheoldcitycoreencompasses12wards.TheKathmanduMetropolitanCityisconsideredasahistoric,touristic,culturalandthebusinesscenterofNEPAL.ThetotalpopulationofKMCaccordingtothelatestcensus2001is671,846.Itwas421,258in1991and235,160in1981.ItshowsthatthepopulationinKMCisgrowingunprecedented.ThepopulationgrowthrateofKMCis5.65%in91-2001whichisoneofthehighestofthetownsandcitiesofNepal.WithsamepopulationgrowthratepopulationinKathmanduMetropolitanCityin2011isexpectedtobe1,051,438.MigrationhadbeenamajorsourceofpopulationgrowthintheKathmanduvalleybecauseofthecentralizationofservicesandeconomicopportunitywithinthevalley.
National Land-Use Management System and Relevant LegislationSource:EMIDisasterRiskManagementCityProfile-Kathmandu-Cityriskpedia,2006
LanduseregulationsanddevelopmentareafunctionofboththeCityandnationalgovernments.Large-scaleinfrastructurewithintheCityisunderthecentralgovernment’sjurisdiction.However,cityroads,solidwastemanagement,streetlighting,andsuchareoperatedandpromotedbyCitygovernment.Landusemanagement,thoughnotcurrentlyexistinginanintegratedform,istheresponsibilityoftheCitygovernment.Nepalhas5developmentregionsand75administrativedistricts.ThedistrictsarefurtherdividedintosmallerunitscalledMunicipalitiesandVillageDevelopmentCommittees(VDCs)present,thereare3,913VDCsand58Municipalitiesinthecountry.AVDCconsistsof9wardsandtheMunicipalitiesconsistfrom9to35wards.
Existing Land Use of KMC
Accordingtoastudycarriedoutin2001duringpreparationofIntegratedActionPlanofKMC,theprevailinglanduseofKathmanduisgiveninTable4.Referattachedtableforreference.
Table 4. Existing Land Use of KMC
S.N. Land Use Area
(In Ha) In %
1 Residential 2727.4 53.13
1.1 Predominantly residential-high density 436
1.2 Predominantly residential-medium density 1803
1.3 Predominantly residential-low density 488
2 Agriculture 929 18.18
3 Institutional 444 8.65
4 Road 274 5.34
5 Greenery 249 4.85
6 Other 150 2.92
7 Residential cum Commercial mixed 145.8 2.84
8 Recreational 65 1.28
71Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
S.N. Land Use Area
(In Ha) In %
9 Commercial 65 1.28
9.1 Fully commercial 65 1.27
9.2 Predominantly commercial 50
10 Water Bodies 38 0.74
11 Industrial 31 0.30
12 Religious 15 0.30
Total 5133 100.00
DuetorapidunplannedandhaphazardurbanizationoftheentirevalleyincludingKathmanduMetropolitanCity,theexpansionandimprovementofinfrastructureserviceshasalwaysremainedfarbehindthephysicalexpansionofthecity,resultingininadequateoreventotalabsenceofthecity.
Infrastructuredevelopmentisamajortooltoguideurbanexpansion.Howeverduetolackofintegrationofservicesbasedonanationallanduseplan,backedbyinstitutionalcapacityforimplementation,aswellaspoorco-ordinationamongtheconcernedagencies,infrastructurehastendedtofollowratherthanguidedevelopment.Iftheprevailingtrendofunplannedandhaphazardgrowthofthecityiscontinuedabout60%oftheentirevalley(about34,000hectre)wouldbeurbanizedby2020andwouldleadtothelossoffertileagriculturalland,environmentaldegradation,depletionofwaterresources,pooranddeficientinfrastructure(water,sewerage,roadetc),improperdisposalofindustrialanddomesticwasteandpollutionofair,waterandland.
72 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
DuetothephysicalsettingofValley,thelandavailableforurbanexpansionisverylimitedandthecurrenttrendofurbanexpansion(horizontal)throughfragmentationofprimeagriculturallandneedtodiscouragedandcontrolledimmediately.Theconstructionoftheprivatebuildingsinasmallpieceoflandwithouttheprovisionofinfrastructureservices(water,sewerage,roadetc)inKathmanducityhasincreasedtremendouslysincelast10yearsandmanypartsofthecityhaveconvertedintoaslumpatternofdevelopment.Theprovisionofinfrastructureservicesinsuchareahavebecomeverydifficult.Inordertodiscourageandcontrolsuchahaphazardandunplannedgrowthofthecity,thenationalandlocalgovernmentneedstopromotecompactsettlementthroughimplementationofplannedhousing(multistoreyapartments)focusinglowerandmiddleincomepeopleandtomakeuseoftheexistinginfrastructuretoitsoptimumlevel.
5.13 Additional Emergency Response Capabilities __________________________________________________________________
Response Resources Available(NSETpersonalcommunications,03.18.09)
1. IngreaterKathmandu,thereexist27CertifiedSearchandRescuepersonnelintheArmyandPolice.
2. KMChas60personstrainedinLightSearchandRescue.
3. KMChasfive(5)stocklocationsofstoredemergencysupplies.
5.14 Web Sites of Agencies & Organizations that Respond to Disasters in Nepal__________________________________________________________________
1. InternationalCentreforIntegratedMountainDevelopment,ICIMODhttp://www.icimod.org/
2. Belowisadiagramthatcanbeusedtodefineadditionalresources.
Figure 11. Mainstreaming Model for Local-Level Disaster Risk ManagementLocal Implementation, Central Coordination, Participation (Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative 2009)
Local AuthoritiesDevelopment Planning Public WorksBuilding & Construction Emergency Management
Social Services Public SafetyPhysical Planning Education & Recreations
CENTRAL AUTHORITIES
CIVIL SOCIETY
NGOs CBOs
Academia Media Business
Legal and Institutional
Polic
y an
d Re
gula
tion
Resources and Oversight
73Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
5.15 International Trainings Available to Nepal and Accomplished_____________________________________________________________________________
1. ProgramforEnhancementofEmergencyResponse(PEER).SeveraltrainingcoursesarebeingconductedinKathmandu,withoneprojectincludingtrainingspecificallyonEmergencyManagement.Afive-yearproject(2003-2008)co-sponsoredbytheProgramforEnhancementofEmergencyResponse(PEER)andNSETofferedtrainingin:(1)MedicalFirstResponder,(2)CollapsedStructureSearchandRescueand(3)HospitalPreparednessforEmergencies.Todate,over300personshaveparticipatedinsuchtraining.
2. UnitedNationsInternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGroupTraining,2009.AthreedayUnitedNationsInternationalSearchandRescueAdvisoryGrouptrainingwasconductedforNepalinApril2009.
3. UnitedStatesPacificCommandExercise,2009.AUnitedStatesPacificCommandExercisewasconductedwiththeNepaleseArmyinSeptember2009.
5.16 References ___________________________________________________________________
Acknowledgements1. EmergencyOperationsPlanFormatpartiallyadoptedfromandmodifiedfromwebsite:http://
www.vaemergency.com/library/plans/local_eop/BasicPlanLOC.doc
2. LocalEmergencyOperationsPlanTemplatecanbefoundat:http://www.vaemergency.com/library/plans/local_eop.cfm
3. AdditionalBasicPlanformattingadoptedfromtheFEMAEmergencyPlanningIndependentStudyFebruary2006,theindependentstudycoursecanbetakenonlineat:http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/is235.asp
ReferencesExistingdisastermanagementreferencesandplansforKathmanduMetropolitanCitythatarerelatedtotheEmergencyOperationsPlanincludethefollowing:
1. MinistryofHomeAffairs,1982,NaturalCalamity(Relief )Act,2039(1982A.D),Kathmandu,Nepal
2. JapanInternationalCooperationAgency,2002,TheStudyonEarthquakeDisasterMitigationintheKathmanduValley,KingdomofNepal.
3. InternationalFederationoftheRedCross,2005,NEPAL:Laws,Policies,PlanningandPracticesonInternationalDisasterResponse,July2005,IDRLAsia-PacificStudy
4. UnitedNationsDisasterManagementTeam,UNNepal’sInter-AgencyDisasterResponsePreparednessPlan:HazardAnalysisandResponseGuidelinesPartI,September2001
5. FEMA,ProducingEmergencyPlans,AguideforAll-HazardEmergencyOperationsPlanningforState,Territorial,Local,andTribalGovernments,INTERIMVersion1.0,July11,2008(ComprehensivePreparednessGuide101)
6. FEMA,DevelopingEffectiveStandardOperatingProcedures,ForFireandEMSDepartments,FA-197,1999
7. MauiCountyEmergencyOperationsPlan,2006
74 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
8. NationalStrategyonDisasterRiskManagementforNepal:2005-2015isunderdevelopmentbytheMinistryofHomeAffairswithassistancefromNSETandsupportfromUNDP-BCPRandEC.
9. UnitedNations,2008,HyogoFrameworkofAction2005-2015,Activity5:DisasterPreparednessforEffectiveResponseOperations
10.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity,IncidentManagement/UnifiedCommandTrainingManual(JimBuika)
11.UNDisasterManagementLogisticsSupportWorkingGroup,May2004,DisasterResponseImplementationManual:LogisticsSupport,referencepage18ofIDRLdoc
12.UNDPStrengtheningDisasterPreparednessCapabilitiesinKathmanduValleyforHisMajesty’sGovernmentofNepal(June252002)Draft9Sept2004.Project’sobjectiveis“TodevelopcommunityandmunicipalitiescapacityintheKathmanduValleytocopewiththeearthquakerisk,thusreducingtheimpactofapotentialdisasterandgraduallyreducingrisk.”
13.UNNepalDisasterResponsePlan.14.RegionalDisasterPlanforPublicandPrivateOrganizationsinKingCounty,Washington.
TheBasicPlan,EMERGENCYSUPPORTFUNCTION(ESF)7:RESOURCEMANAGEMENTPage4,Version:03-31-04(Printed4/7/2004)
Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative Reference Documents15.PhaseIReport:KathmanduEmergencyManagementTechnicalReport,March200816.TrainingNeedsAssessment(AppendixtoPhaseIReport)17.ProventionCurriculumDevelopmentSessions:City-levelDisasterManagementOrganization
andOperations,drafts18.KathmanduCityProfile,developedbyEMI,NSET,andKMC(online)19.FieldTripreportsfromsevenpastEMI-KMCengagements,Sept2005,June2006,November
2006,February2008,November2008,March2009,&September2009.
5.17 Points of Contact for Project, Project Team Members, & Project Planning Team__________________________________________________________________
Points of Contact for Project
1. BimalRijal,KMC,Head,[email protected]. DhurbaKumarKafle,KMC,UDD,DisasterRiskManagementSection,977-1-4231481
[email protected]. RamKandel,NSET,977-1-4474192,[email protected]. SuryaPrasadAcharya,NSET,977-1-4486444,4490359,[email protected]. JimBuika,ProjectLead,EMI+1(808)283-8636,[email protected]. RajjanManChitrakar,LocalProjectCoordinator,[email protected]. ShirleyMattingly,EMI,ProgramManager,[email protected]. JeromeZayas,EMI,ProjectCoordinator,[email protected]
Project Team Members
9. BimalRijal,Head,UrbanDevelopmentDepartment(UDD),(KMC)10.DhrubaK.Kafle,Chief,DisasterRiskManagementandCitizenSafetySection,KMC11.TribhuvanM.S.Pradhan,Chief,GISSection,KMC12.KumariRai,Chief,SocialWelfareandDevelopmentSection,KMC
75Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
13.BasantaAcharya,Chief,LegalDivision,KMC14.SurendraRajkarnikar,CivilEngineer,UDD,KMC15.BishnuPrasadJoshi,TownInspector,EnforcementDivision,KMC16.Mr.SuryaNarayanShrestha,DeputyExecutiveDirector,NationalSocietyforEarthquake
Technology-Nepal(NSET)17.RajjanManChitrakar,LocalProjectCoordinator,EarthquakesandMegacitiesInitiative(EMI)
Project Planning Team Contact List
Table 5. Project Planning Team Contact List
Name of the participants Organization Telephone No. Email
1 Bishnu Prashad Joshi Enforcement Division, KMC 9851068523 [email protected]
2 Surya P. Acharya NSET 9851038804 [email protected]
3 Ganesh K. Jimee NSET 5591000 [email protected]
4 Bijay Upadhayay NSET 5591000 [email protected]
5 Raju Pandey KMC 9851050902 [email protected]
6 Lila Raj Gachha Enforcement Division, KMC 9841243704
7 Murari Bhattarai Fire Brigade, KMC 9841848496
8 Narayan Babu Bhattarai KMC 9851081182 [email protected]
9 Prem B. Shrestha KMC 9851027909 [email protected]
10 Indra Man Singh Suwal UDD, KMC 9851055558 [email protected]
11 Tribhuvan Man Singh Pradhan ISU, KMC 9841223900 [email protected]
12 Surendra P. Rajkarnikar UDD, KMC 9851033715 [email protected]
13 Kumari Rai Social Welfare Department, KMC
9841310202 [email protected]
14 Roshan Shrestha UDD, KMC 9851038457 [email protected]
15 Rabin Man Shrestha Environmental Department, KMC
9851024305 [email protected]
16 Hari Kumar Shrestha Heritage Conservation Department, KMC
9851036080 [email protected]
17 Dhruba K. Kafle Disaster Management Sec-tion, UDD, KMC
9841422766 [email protected]
18 Bimal Rijal UDD, KMC 9851100993 [email protected]
19 Nem Gopal Darshandhari KMC 9841268914 [email protected]
20 Narendra Man Bajracharya KMC 9841362498 [email protected]
21 Rajjan M. Chitrakar EMI 9841221250 [email protected]
22 Yadav Ghimire KMC 9841369928
23 Jim Buika EMI +18082838636 [email protected]
76 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
Additional Project Planning Team Contact List
Name of the Participant Organization Telephone No. Email
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
77Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ANNEX I - Emergency Support Function Matrix & Annexes
Emergency Support Function Matrix• TheKMCdepartmentswillmanagealargedisasterbyassigningKMCDepartmentHeads
andstaffunder15functionsthatariseduringlargedisasters.ThesefifteenfunctionsarecalledESFs.EachESFisledbyoneKMCDepartmentorwiththeChiefDistrictOfficerinchargeoftheDistrictDisasterReliefCommittee,composedofCentralGovernmentrepresentatives.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
Draft for Departmental Review, version 3, 01.04.10
ESF No.
Emergency Sup-port Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DE-PARTMENT (LEAD PLANNING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERN-MENT SUPPORT MINIS-TRIES
NON GOVERN-MENTAL SUP-PORT ORGANI-ZATIONS
1. Transportation Administrative Dept., Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Environmental Division
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee in charge. Nepal Army, Police, Civil Aviation Authority
Private Transport Company
2. Communications Admin Dept., Information & Communications Division
Metro F.M. radio
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Chief District Officer and District Disaster Relief Committee supported by the Ministry of Com-munications & Ministry of Physical Planning. Nepal Telecom (central govt.) Radio Nepal, Television and other Media house.
Other private telecom companies,
3. Public Works and Engineering
Public Works Depart-ment
Administrative Dept., Environ-mental Division
MOPPW, KUKL, DUDBC, Department of Roads, Police, Armed Forces
FCAN
4. Firefighting Administrative Dept. Enforcement Division
Environmental Division
KUKL, Valley Traffic Man-agement, *DDRC would mobilize more firefighting from Nepal Army, Police, and Civil Aviation
5. Emergency Management and Information Man-agement
Disaster Management Section
Admin Dept., UDD, GIS, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Army, Police, DUDBC
FNCCI, UNO-CHA, NSET, Media
6. Mass Care, Hous-ing and Human Services
Social Welfare Division Admin Dept., UDD, Social Welfare Division, Enforcement Divi-sion (KMC Police)
MoHA, District Disaster Relief Committee with DUDBC support, Kath-mandu District Health Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA UNHCR, other international agen-cies
78 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
Emergency Sup-port Function NAME
PRIMARY CITY DE-PARTMENT (LEAD PLANNING ROLE)
KMC SUPPORT DEPARTMENTS
CENTRAL GOVERN-MENT SUPPORT MINIS-TRIES
NON GOVERN-MENTAL SUP-PORT ORGANI-ZATIONS
7. Resource Support Financial Management Department
Admin Dept. Central Government, MOHA, MOF, MOLD, MOHP, Prime Minister’s Office
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA UNHCR, other international agen-cies
8. Public Health and Medical Services
Public Health Division Account Division Hospitals, MOHA, Dept of Health, District Health Office, CDRC
Red Cross, FNCCI, INGO, NGOs, CBOs, Local Clubs, NSET, UNOCHA UNHCR, other international agen-cies
9. Urban Search and Rescue
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Mechanical Sec-tion, Environmen-tal Division
Nepal Army, Central Police (CSSR & MFR training)
International Res-cue (INSARAG)
10. Oil and Hazardous Materials Response
Enforcement Division (KMC Police)
Disaster Manage-ment Section, Environmental Division, Admin. Dept., Information and Communica-tion Division
Nepal Army, Nepal Oil Corporation, Nepal Elec-tricity Authority
Association of fuel distributors
11. Agriculture and Natural Resources
Disaster Management Section
Public Health Department, Environmental Division, Social Welfare Division
Ministry of Agriculture, for-estry and soil conservation equipment from Ministry of Industry, DMG
FAO, UNDP, IUCN, WFP and other agricul-tural NGOs and INGOs
12. Energy (power, fuel, gas)
Disaster Management Section
Admin. Dept., Public Works Department
Ministry of Energy, Nepal Electricity Authority, Nepal Oil Corp., Dept of Supplies
Association of fuel distributors
13. Public Safety and Security
Enforcement Division Admin. Dept.,, Social Welfare Division
MOHA, Nepal Armed Forces for search and rescue
Local clubs, Women groups, CBOs
14. Long-term Com-munity Recovery and Mitigation (strong planning capacity)
Disaster Management Section
UDD, Admin. Dept., Public Works Depart-ment
Department of Education, Dept. of Public Works, Min. of Irrigation, DWIDP, MOHA, MOLD, NPC, MOPPW, DUDBC
UNDP, NSET, NGO’s, Expert consultants
15. External Affairs International Relation Secretariat
CEO Office MOHA , Ministry of For-eign Affairs, PM Office
Embassy, DDRC, CDRC
Notes:ESFNo.6,MassCare:Atthedistrictlevel,theDistrictDisasterReliefCommittee(DDRC)istheactiveagencyforcoordinatingreliefsupport.Thiscommittee,chairedbytheChiefDistrictOfficer,consistsofrepresentativesfrompublicsectororganizations,suchastheDistrictHealthOffice,theNepalRedCrossSociety,andsimilaragencies.DDRCisresponsibleforcoordinatingthedistrictlevelreliefefforts,includingmedicalsupportanddistributionoffoodandotheressentialsupplies.
79Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
Emergency Support Function Annexes (15)
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
1. Transportation • Coordinate the KMC’s transportation resources to respond to an emergency.
• Identify the need for resources. • Administrative Department, Enforcement Division should coordinate
with other municipalities, the Nepal Army, Police, and Civil Aviation Authority to ensure that potential resources are available in the time of an emergency. Develop Memorandums of Understandings and mutual aid agreements.
• Support Evacuation• Maintain ingress/egress• Maintain Traffic control
2. Communications To use available communication resources to respond to an incident:• Alert and warn the community of a threatened or actual emergency. • Continue to communicate with the community through a variety of
media to inform of protective actions• Inform the community of a threatened or actual emergency. • Ensure that KMC has the ability to notify the community of a disaster
or emergency situation and that the emergency notification and warn-ing system words are missing here
• Support the KMC with the restoration and reconstruction of telecom-munications equipment, computers, and other technical resources.
• Communication includes transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals writing, images, and sounds or intelligence of any natures by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems.
3. Public Works and Engi-neering
• Assess the overall damage to KMC after a disaster.• Perform all public works functions such as maintenance, inspections,
buildings and grounds repairs, debris removal, and facilities management• Assist with the recovery
The Scope of Work may include the following, but is not limited to:• Assess extent of damage• Repair and maintenance• Debris removal• Provide maintenance of the buildings and grounds and engineering-
related support • Clear roadways
4. Firefighting • Directs and controls operations regarding fire prevention, fire detec-tion, fire suppression, rescue, and hazardous materials incidents;
• Assists with warning and alerting, communications, evacuation, and other operations as required during an emergency.
• ESF No. 4 manages and coordinates firefighting activities including the detection and suppression of fires, and provides personnel, equipment, and supplies to support to the agencies involved in the firefighting operations.
80 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
5. Emergency Management and Information Manage-ment
ESF No. 5 coordinates the response of all the departments within KMC and the use of community resources to provide emergency response.
Identify actions to be taken in the pre-incident prevention phase.
Coordinate with agencies and outside organizations when capabilities are exceeded
Identify post-incident response phase activities.
Examples of functions that support and facilitate planning and coordination are:
* Alert and notification, * Deployment and staffing of emergency response teams, * Incident action planning, * Coordination of operations with local government for logistics and
material, * Direction and control, * Information management, * Facilitation of requests for assistance, * Resource acquisition and management (to include allocation and
tracking), * Worker safety and health, * Facilities management, * Financial management, * Other support as required
• Develop, maintain, and update plans and procedures for use during an emergency;
• Educate and train Department and support agency personnel in order to stay up to date with education and training that is required for a safe and efficient response to an incident;
• Provide a multi-departmental command system.• Manage operations at the in KMC level; • The Incident Command System can be used in any size or type of
disaster to control response personnel, facilities, and equipment.• ESF No. 5 staff supports the implementation of mutual aid agreements
to ensure seamless resource response.• Departments and agencies participate in the incident action planning
process which is coordinated by ESF No. 5.
6. Mass Care, Housing and Human Services
• ESF No. 6 Mass Care, Housing, and Human Services, addresses the non-medical mass care, housing, and human services needs of individu-als and/or families impacted by natural and/or technological incidents.
• The services and programs may include the following:* Sheltering* Food Service* Counseling * Provision of Family Assistance Centers* Family Reunification Services
81Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
7. Resource Support • Resource Management & Support works with all other ESFs to deter-mine what resources are available.
• ESF No. 7 also identifies potential sites for receiving, storing, and distrib-uting resources in order to receive outside assistance and resources.
• Resource support may continue until the disposition of excess and surplus property is completed.
• During an incident if demand for resources exceeds the KMC’s capa-bilities and inventories, then outside requests will be made based on Memoranda of Understanding in place, Mutual Aid agreements and city and Central Government policy.
• Logistics. This group coordinates the actual movement of resources into areas where a need (or needs) exists. This includes the warehous-ing and tracking of resources, the packaging and loading and subse-quent transportation of resources to affected areas, and the disposal of used and/or unused resources following a disaster.
• Resource Management. This group is responsible for the acquisi-tion of all types of resources that are identified as “needed” following a disaster. This group will make arrangements to purchase needed resources if it is determined the city does not have the resources itself to supply a requirement in the field. The payment of debts and other encumbrances generated as a result of the emergency is handled by this group as well.
• Staging Areas. To prevent a rapid and overwhelming influx of resources into affected areas, Staging Areas are utilized as temporary marshaling sites for collecting and gradually directing emergency resources into those areas. This group coordinates the activation and utilization of city-operated staging areas and marshaling points during emergency situations.
8. Public Health and Medical Services
• The purpose of ESF No. 8 is to provide health and medical services to the residents of KMC during and after an emergency situation.
• Guide a response using KMC resources and to coordinate a response with the Central Government and United Nations organizations when the incident exceeds the KMC’s capabilities.
• When an incident exceeds the KMC’s capabilities, outside assistance should be requested through Memoranda of Understanding, Mutual Aid Agreements and the coordination of this plan with the line agency of the Central Government’s Emergency Operations Plan.
9. Urban Search and Rescue • Provide for coordination and effective use of search and rescue activi-ties to assist people in potential or actual distress
• Communities are susceptible to many different natural and technical hazards that may result in the damage or collapse of structures within the city. Search and Rescue must be prepared to respond to emergen-cies and provide specialized assistance.
• Operational activities can include locating, extricating, and providing on site medical treatment to victims trapped in collapsed structures. Addi-tionally, people may be lost, missing, disoriented, traumatized, or injured, in which case the Mechanical Section must be prepared to respond to these incidents and implement appropriate tactics to assist those, in distress or imminent danger.
82 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
10. Oil and Gas Response
KMC has no Hazardous Materials Response
• The KMC Police is to assume primary operational control of all hazard-ous materials incidents.
• Other support departments may provide support to the KMC Police, depending on their capabilities.
The Scope of Work may include the following, but is not limited to:• The initial response will be handled by the KMC police department.• • Other Departments may be called upon depending on the nature of
the incident• KMC should determine which departments have the capability to sup-
port a hazard material response, which Departments require hazard-ous materials response training, and seek specialized training.
11. Agriculture and Natural Resources (FOOD SECURITY)
• Agriculture and Natural Resources works to address the provision of nutrition assistance; control and eradication of an outbreak of a highly contagious or economically devastating animal disease, highly infective plant disease, or economically devastating plant pest infestation; assur-ance of food safety and security; and protection of cultural resources and historic property resources during an incident.
The Scope is determined based on the communities capabilities and may include:• Identify food assistance needs;• Obtain appropriate food supplies;• Arrange for transportation of food supplies to the designated area;• Implement an integrated response to an outbreak of highly contagious
or economically devastating animal disease, infective exotic plant dis-ease or an economically devastating plant pest infestation;
• Coordinate with Public Health and Medical Services to ensure that animal/veterinary/and wildlife issues are supported;
• Inspect and verify food safety in distribution and retail sites;• Conduct food borne disease surveillance and field investigations;• Coordinate appropriate response actions to conserve, rehabilitate,
recover, and restore natural, cultural, and historic properties resources.
12. Energy (power, fuel, gas) Estimate the impact of energy system outages to KMC: • Help to prioritize facilities and infrastructure so that power may be
restored or other energy supplies may be provided in such a way to enable life to be restored to full capacity as soon as possible.
ESF No.12 will collect, evaluate, and share information on energy system damage. • Estimate the impact of energy system outages in KMC. • Provide information concerning the energy restoration process such as:
1. Projected schedules, 2. Percent completion of restoration,3. Determine schedule for reopening facilities
• The incident may impact KMC only or it may be part of a larger inci-dent that impacts the entire valley or the region.
83Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
13. Public Safety and Security • The ESFNo. 13 should identify public safety and security capabilities for the city.
• Provide public safety and security for the city.• Determine factors, laws, and regulations when a disaster may require
outside security resources to respond to the event, such as Central Government (MOHA, Nepal Army), due to circumstances of the event, or example, a terrorist event
• Provide traffic control, crime control, jail control, and evacuation and movement to safe areas.
ESF No.13 responds to a city emergency using existing procedures.• Maintain law and order• Coordinate public warning• Provide security of city facilities • Provide security of unsafe areas or potential crime scenes• Provide security if the city opens a shelter• Provide Traffic Control. This group works closely with the ESF 1 group
to affect the orderly flow of traffic into, out of, and around areas af-fected by a disaster.
• Security/Crime Control. This group addresses the provision of security in disaster areas, as well as the actual policing functions normally associ-ated with law enforcement activities, including riot control, explosive ordinance removal, counterterrorism, etc.
• Institutions/Jails. This group is responsible for coordinating prisoner recapture, the utilization of prisons and facilities following disasters, and the moving of prisoners from damaged facilities to undamaged ones.
• Evacuation/Movement. This group is responsible for coordinating the citiy’s assistance in carrying out evacuations.
14. Long-term Community Recovery and Mitigation
• To facilitate both short-term and long-term recovery following a disas-ter. The recovery process begins with an impact analysis of the incident and support for available programs and resources and to coordinate programs to assist in the comprehensive economic, social, and physi-cal recovery and reconstruction of the community impacted by the emergency.
• Scope: The full scope of ESF No. 14 should be based on the commu-nity’s resources, capabilities, and community master plans.
• Long-term recovery and mitigation efforts are forward-looking and market-based, focusing on permanent restoration of infrastructure, housing, and the local economy, with attention to mitigation of future impacts of a similar nature, when feasible.
• The strategy for long-term recovery should encompass, but not be limited to, land use, public safety, housing, public services, transportation services, education.
• National Ministries or International agencies may be requested to continue to provide recovery assistance under independent authorities to the District and local governments; the private sector; and individu-als, while coordinating activities and assessments of need for additional assistance.
84 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
ESF No.
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTION NAME
EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PURPOSE & SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILI-TIES
15. External Affairs • Provide for efficient and coordinated continuous flow of timely infor-mation and instructions to the public using all available communications media prior to, during, and following an emergency or disaster.
• Communicate with Embassies and other important external organiza-tions.
The Scope of Work may include the following, but is not limited to:• Provide emergency public information actions before, during, and fol-
lowing any emergency.• Potential public information response could involve personnel from all
jurisdictions, organizations and agencies within the affected area • Potential public information response could involve personnel from all
jurisdictions, organizations, agencies, and areas outside the affected area, including Embassies and international news organizations.
85Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
ANNEX II - KMC Table Top Earthquake Scenario for a Magnitude 8.0 Earthquake
86 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
87Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
88 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
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90 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
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92 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
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94 Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Megacities: A Pilot Application in Manila and Kathmandu
95Emergency Operations Plan: Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal
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