Sustainability in Megacities

1. Dr. Volker Stelzer

Sustainability in Megacities

F o r o I n t e r n a c i o n a l

BBogotá - ogotá - BBerlin - erlin - BBejingejingChallenges and Solutions for Megacities

Bogota, 2nd October 2008

Dr. Volker Stelzer, Jürgen Kopfmüller, Juliane JörissenDr. Volker Stelzer, Jürgen Kopfmüller, Juliane Jörissen

ITAS ITAS –– Institute for Technical Estimation and System Analysis (ITAS) Institute for Technical Estimation and System Analysis (ITAS)

2 Dr. Volker StelzerKIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)

ContentContent

Content

• Definition of sustainable development

• The Integrative Concept of Sustainable Development

• Sustainability in the Megacities

• Next Steps


Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Constitutive elements

• Inter- and intragenerational justice• Global perspective• Integrative view• Anthropocentric view• Universal validity

Definition

• Brundtland report• Rio-documents• Discussion


The “Integrative Concept of Sustainable Development”The “Integrative Concept of Sustainable Development”from the Helmholtz Associationfrom the Helmholtz Association

General sustainability goals

• Secure human existence

• Maintain society’s productive potential

• Preserve society’s options for development and action

Analytical Sustainability ConceptAnalytical Sustainability Concept



Securing human existence Maintaining society´s productive potential

Preserving society´s options for development and action

Integrative Concept of Sustainable DevelopmentIntegrative Concept of Sustainable Development





Substantial rules

Protection of human health Sustainable use of renewable resources

Equal access of all people to information, education and occupation

Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs

Sustainable use of non-renewable resources

Participation in societal decision-making processes

Autonomous subsistence based on income from own work

Sustainable use of the environ-ment as a sink

Conservation of cultural heritage and cultural diversity

Just distribution of chances for using natural resources

Avoiding technical risks with potentially catastrophic impacts

Conservation of the cultural function of nature

Reduction of extreme income or wealth inequalities

Sustainable development of man-made, human, knowledge capital

Conservation of “social resour-ces”






Substantial rules

Protection of human health Sustainable use of renewable resources

Equal access of all people to information, education and occupation

Ensuring the satisfaction of basic needs

Sustainable use of non-renewable resources

Participation in societal decision-making processes

Autonomous subsistence based on income from own work

Sustainable use of the environ-ment as a sink

Conservation of cultural heritage and cultural diversity

Just distribution of chances for using natural resources

Avoiding technical risks with potentially catastrophic impacts

Conservation of the cultural function of nature

Reduction of extreme income or wealth inequalities

Sustainable development of man-made, human, knowledge capital

Conservation of “social resour-ces”

Instrumental rules

- Internalisation of environmental and social external costs - Society´s ability to respond- Adequate discounting - Ability to reflexivity- Limitation of public indebtedness - Ability to self-management- Fair international economic framework conditions - Ability to self-organisation- International co-operation - Balance of power between societal

actors



Local Stakeholders Scientific Advisory Board

Crosscutting Concept :Sustainable development

Crosscutting Concept :Governance

Crosscutting Concept : Risk

Development and Dissemination of

Orientation Knowledge

MethodsIndicatorsToolkits

Scenarios

Capacity Building

Centre for Sustainable Urban

Development

Soc

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Wat

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Land

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Research Programme „Risk Habitat

Megacity“

Air

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alth

Was

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Tra

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Project CoordinatorProject Coordination Committee

Stakeholders locales

Consejo Scientifico

development

Tema transversal:Governance

Desarollo ydiseminación de

conocimientoorientador

MétodosIndicadores

HerramientasEscenarios

Educación/Formación

CentroInternacional

Para elDesarolloUrbano

Sostenible S

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Ges

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Sis

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Programa deinvestigación „RiskHabitat Megacity“

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Coordinador de proyectosComité coordinator de proyecto

Tema transversal:Desarollo sostenible

Tema transversal:Riesgo


● Air quality and health

● Water resources and services

● Socio-spatial differentiation

● Land-use management

● Energy system

● Waste management

● Transportation

Fields of ApplicationFields of Application of the Project RHMof the Project RHM

Risk Habitat Megacity ¿Sostenibilidad en Riesgo?

Fields of Application


SD rule: Protection of human health

Intestinal infectious diseases

Respiratory diseases

High under-5-years-mortality rate

Low life expectancy

High human losses due to natural disasters

Early mortality

High concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POP) in human tissue

High percentage of population being exposed to a noise level of more than 65 dB(A) by day and 55 dB(A) by night

Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (I)Megacities (ex.) (I)


Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (II)Megacities (ex.) (II)

SD rule: Satisfaction of basic needs

Undernourished people

Population living below 2 $ per day

Homeless people

School leavers without graduation

Adult illiteracy

Population without access to primary health care facilities

SD rule: Possibility of autonomous subsistence

Long-term unemployment

Precarious employments

Jobs within the informal sector

Lack of credits for the low-income sector


SD rule: Sustainable use of non-renewable resources

Low intensity of Material Use

High imports of non-renewable resources

Low carbon economic efficiency

SD rule: Sustainable use of the environment as a sink

CO2 emission

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration

NOx emissions

VOC emissions

SO2 emissions

Consumption of ozone depleting substances

Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (III)Megacities (ex.) (III)


SD rule: Development of human and knowledge capital

Low percentage of population with high school diploma or university degree

Low percentage of people speaking at least one foreign language

Not suficiant teacher / professors

Low R & D expenditure

Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (IV)Megacities (ex.) (IV)

SD rule: Participation in societal decision-making processes

Low voter turnout in municipal, provincial and federal/national elections

No direct election of members of the regional government

Few planning processes including institutionalized citizens participation

Low rate of unionization


SD rule: Limitation of public indebtedness

High budget deficit quota

High dept level

Sustainability Problems ofSustainability Problems of Megacities (ex.) (V)Megacities (ex.) (V)

SD rule: Balance of power between societal actors

High market-share concentration in important economic branches

Few companies with a workers´ council

SD rule: Social coherence of society

Crime

Inefectivity of public safety services

Homicides

Lack of people active in local organisations and NGOs

Low expenditure for child and youth work


Next Steps within the RHM ProjectNext Steps within the RHM Project

● Finalizing the comprehensive probleme / indicator list

● Select problems / indicators

● Finalise szenarios

● Szenario assessment

● Development of Strategies

● Selection of the city for the expansion strategy

16. Dr. Volker Stelzer

Thank you for your attention

For more information:For more information: [email protected]

and: http://www.risk-habitat-megacity.ufz.deand: http://www.risk-habitat-megacity.ufz.de

Documents

Sustainability in Megacities