Lunar Exploration System (LES) Land Area Recovery Range and Associated Command and Control Systems.pdf

DECLASSIFIED UNDE R AUTHORITY OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY CLASSIFICATION APPEALS PANEL EO 13526 SECTION 53(b)(3)

ISCAP APPEAL NO 2009-068 document no 2 DECLASSIFICATION DATE November 13 2014

I SECRET

CIAL HANDLING REQUIRED

RELEAS

U) LUNAR EXPlORATiON SYSTEM (LES) LAND AREA _RECOVERY R~NGlE AND ASSOCIATED COMMAND AND

CONTROL SYSTEMS SEPTEMBER 1963

TASKS 618207(24) 61820180)

~ AUl FORCE MBSSill

DEVELOPMENT CENTER DEPUVY fOR FOREIGM TECHNOlOGY

SECRli f (Thle page is unclaesiied)

l Information confl1cting w1th or pertinently affecting that con tained in this publi_cation should be forwarded by the rec1pient

directly to

AFMDC (MDFB) Holloman AFB New Mexico 88330

This in no way abbrogates or alters responsibility fat sending such information or any pertinent intelligence data through already established intelligence collection chan n e 1 s of the various services or agencies of the US Government

2 WARNING This document containe inpoundonn3tion affecting the national defense of the US within the meanmg of the Espionage Law Title 18 US C Sections 793 and 794 Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized

person is prohibited by law

3 Copies have not been placed in the D DC collection Address all requests for copies to AFMDC (MDFC)

4 Do not return this copy When not needed destroy in accordshyance with pertment security regulations

5 This publlcation has been designd to mlt~t the ~ ~1c aoJerl e of the r~cipit ~ for inte)h -middotltc~ Further dissemination by the recipient of parts or the wnole to subordinate elements must be based on the specific need-to-know of the recipient to perform his assigned mis~ions (Authority AFCLN Policy Lett~- lt05 - ~ dated ZO February 1959)

SECRET FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY REpORT

AFMDC-TR-b3middotl

(Title Unclassified) LUNAR EXPLORATION SYSTEM (LE[i LAND AREA RECOVERY RANGE AND

ASSOCIATED COMMAND AND cONTROL SYSTEMS

September 1963

Task b 18207(24 Task 618207(80)

Prepared by

Mr Michael E Cason Jr Captain WilHam J Barlow

This is a Foreign Technology document prepared and published by AFMDC for use primarily within AFSC lt has not been coordinated within AFSC or the Office of the ACSIntelligence Headquarters USAF bull and does not necessarily represent an agreed Air Force

position

DEPUTY FOR FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY AIR FORCE MISSILE PEVELOPMJNl CENER

AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND HOLLOMAN AIR FORCE BASE NEW MEXJo

SECREf AFMDC 63-3772(This page is unclassified)

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S~GRET (U) PREFACl

The information reflected in this Technical Report has b en

prepared primarily or the use of Foreign Technology personnel

engaged in the analysis of the Soviet space effort This is an

Air FoTce Systems Command project and this contribution

will be of interest to those analysts concerned with Soviet land

recovery areas and their associated requi rements This report

serves as a technical support document for P1middotoject 6182 Tasks

618207(24) and 61820780) assigned to the Air Force Missile

Development Center ~

(U) PUBLICATION REVIEW

This Foreign Technolo~y documeri as t en -ravtebullved -C o

approved for tOltribuiot middotvtbull Lin the Air Force Systems Command (TJ bull

FOR THE COMMANDER

~~1-middotr Lt Col USAF Deputy for Foreign Technology

AFMDC 6~-37-72

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SECRET (U) TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Summary iii

SECTION I (U) Lunar Re-Entry Vehicle

SECTION II J21 USSR Lunar Vehicle Recovery Site Selection bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 6

SECTION Ill 1-Bf Model of USSR Lunar Vehicle Recovery Range bull bull 26

30Bibliography

32Distribution bull

(U) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1 (U) Entry Corridors bull 4

Figure 2 (U) Range and Lateral Displacement fori Lifting Body Re-Entry 5

Figure 3 (U) General Population Density 10

Figure 4 (U) Optimum Recovery Staging Areas 16

Figure 5 kBf Krug Sites 20

Figure 6 (U) Recovery Tracking Network 21

Figure 7 (U) Search Recovery Network 25

Figure 8 (U) Optimum Lunar Recovemiddoty Area~ 28

Figure 9 (U) Miss ion Control Network 29

ii

SECRET AFMDC 63-3772

~ -middot-middot -middot----middot ---- middotmiddot-shymiddotmiddot

SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose

This Technical Report was prepared in accordance with

requirements established by the Foreign Technology Division

Technical Operational Project Specilication (TOPS) Requireshy

ments are reflected on pages 28 and 91 of the Soviet Lunar

Exploration Program TOPS The results i n this report fulfill

the AFMDC portion of Tasks 618207(24) and 618207(80) pertaining

to lunar exploration vehicle land recovery range bull LS)

Conclusions

a The design characteristics of a lunar return vehicle its

guidance capabilities and geometrical mission constrairts

middotj I

determine the final geographic boundaries of any recovelY range j

j (U)

best suited for the establishment of a Soviet lun~- rr11rn vehicle

recovery range j8)

c Logistic support bases search recovery staging areas)

which would provide the most timely recovery o f a downed vehicle

are lo cated i n the northern sector of this are3 T U s sector i s

iii

SEGRtJ AFMDC 63-3772

d Assuming the use of a semi-ballistic lunar re-entry

vehicle the northeastern sector bounded nominally by 48degN-o8degE

number of existing staging areas The use of this sector could

minimize the search and recovery time by using of a number of

nominally equidistant staging area$ fir

e The recovery range currently being used for Soviet

earth orbit recovery operations appears to fall within this sector

and would serve equally well without modification for the recovery

of a semi-ballistic lunar return vehicle ~

f The recovery range for a lifting lunar return vehicle would

most suitably be located in the low level arid southern sectors

The use of this type vehicle would aho require the development of additional facilities for ternuna tracking anc --dOwe llcluliramp

(1) A complex terminal range tracking network

2) Terminal range command and control middot strurrcntaticn

(3) Terminal range control and logistics complex

(4) Primary and secondary landing sites J8l

Background Highlights

Due to a void in available information concerJ~ middot E p~-gtnned site

iv

SECRET

- ------- - -- middot middot -- -- -- ___ ___ ___ ---~ ------- -------middot---- middot- ~ middot ~ -

SECtkt se le ctio_n for a Soviet lunar return mission informahon used in

the preparation of this study consisted primarily of a review of

current Soviet range recovery areas and their utity or use as

lunar vehicle recovery sites Although source material does

suggest that the Soviets plan earth-moon-earth recovery operashy

tions little or no information is available as to the type of vehicle

to be used or what preparations may be underway to establish a

land-based recovery range specifically designed for a lunar return

mission 8r

The types of re-entry vehiclebull which are discussed briefly in

-this report stem from studies conducted in support_of the US

lunar program and are used only as an aid in the site selection

criteria (U)

-~ i

v


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SECRff SECTION 1

U) LUNAR RE-ENTRY VEHICLE

In order to determine what site selection criteria should be

used in selecting an optimum lunar recovery range the design

characteristics of the proposed re-entry vehicle must be defined U

US design studies related to the development of a lunar

1middoteturn re-entry vehicle have pomted out the complexity in the

overall systems design for this type of mission Ultimate vehicle

design will be largely dependent on the supercrbital velocities

enccunte1middoted upon re-entry into ~e earths atmosphere Velocities

encountered will be near 36000 fps as opposed to the nominal

25000 poundps encoUntered by a low earth orbit vehicle The

inaccuracy in tracking vehicles at auperorbital velocities over long

distances also becomes a sfgtrious problem during the return leg of

the lunar trajecto-y as well cs iurirg enrv into --gt -bull rtigt

atmosph middota (TT)

All space vehicles entering the earths atmosphere at ltgtupershy

orbital velocities can be classed into two broad groupe --those

with no lift (ie ballistic) and these whose lift-to-drag ratio

(L ) ) 0 Re-entry vehicles in the latter group also fall into0

two classes -- those of a fixed design with a constant lift

SECREf AFMDC 63-377Z

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middot

SECRff coeifirient CL for any given angle of attack and a second class

with a variable-geometry configuration Fixed CL designs have

been tested in ihe US however the variable -geometry concept

has not received any appreciable study One such variable-geomshy

etry design calls for folded wing$ on the leeward side of a

relatively compact vehicle Aiter the vehicle has slowed down and

reached a low altitude the wings are unfolded to provide control

and stability required for a soft landing (81

In the design opound a vehicle which re middotenters the atrnogphere

from the moon it is assumed that the objective of re-entry is to

arrive at a particular point on the earth1 s surface If it has no

guidance system the vehicle will depend entirely on the forces that

act upon it during its precalculated trajectory Thue it may be

best that the vehicle has no lift since unexpected variations in

auch parameters as density and wind velocity will more severely

affect the trajectory of a lifting vehicle than they wbullll oi a bilistbull ~

or a serri-ballistic (LD~ bull S) type On the other hand_ a

guidance and control system can cor~~ct for any middot- middotnmiddotP-Cted

deviation of the vehicle from the prescribed descetbullbull path (U)

Until a vehicle e maximum re middotentry velocity ar-i trajectory

are specified the exact form of the lifting suriaca middotmiddot ~_net be

2


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SECRpoundr accurately defined As the velocity mounts it becomes incr eas ingly

difficult to provide suitable lift because of the severity of heating

conditions In these circumstances it is necessary to comp-romise

cont~al requirements and design a more compact vehicle with a

lowe-r Lf D ratio (U

I I Due to the tolerance li~tations placed on the re-entry vehicle

~ by the boundaries of a smalL lunar retu1middotn re-entry corridor it

has been fourtd that a lift vehi cle with a small LtD (on the order of i

I ) l bull 5) can enter the atmosphere a t a steeper angle and lower trajectory

approach than a ballistic vehicle ltgtnd therefore increase the

I corridor depth by extending both the ove-rshoot anlti undershoot~

boundaries (Figure 1) bull (8)

Inasmuch as the semi-ballistic (LID~ bull 5) re-entry vehicle

provides atructural simplicity compactness and relative lightshy

nesa with respect to the entire lunar mission it is as11umed for the

purposes of thia report that this type of venicle wiibull be used middottythe

Soviets for 1unar return missions Figure 2 shows the range and

lateral displacement for a lifting body e-entry (rr~xigt-1-rt Ln 0 5

auuming return veloci ty deceleration to ZSOOO fps ~

3

SECRET

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0ERSHLOi BOUNDARY ~~NDE~SHOOT BOUNDARt WITH NEGATIVE LIFT __ WITH PoSITIVE LIFl

r middot - G-UMITED --shy

(II) BALLISTIC CORRIDOR

(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR

rlG l (U) ENTRY CORRiDORS

UNCLASSIFIED

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Range (naut rni ) UNCLASSl FE 1

Fji[ z Range and Lateral Oisplacem~ middotmiddot bull-middot tbg Body Remiddot Entry

~ --- middot middotmiddot middot--~~- ~ ~ _-shy- --middot-middotmiddot - middot--middotmiddot- - ___ __ __________

SECRH SECTION U

(S1 USSR LUNAR RECOVERY SITE SELECTION

Pnor to asses Bing the op~ratioral characteristics of a land

a1middotea recovery range for returning Soviet lunar exploration

vehicles it is necessary to define the external parameters which

influence site selection (81

Problems which affect the earth entry of a returning lunar

vehicle are inherent_ in the entire system beginning with the powered

flight phase of the trajectory Accurate preprogrammed trajectory

calculations which best fit the mission are initially controlled by

geometrical constrainta such as the location of the launch and

recovery sites azimuth of fire declination o( the moon time

elements involved and velocity requil-ed to achieve the proper

trajectory Assuming that the prelaunch calculations can be

vehie can foil~middot middot lamp programmed trajectory an accurat~ error

analysis is necessary throughout the entire flight By using

inertial or ground radio command guidance syJtems the vehicle

can then be corrected along its trajectory making it possible to

hit a precalculated earth re-entry window Thi~lt window constrains

the allowable tolerances of the re-entry vehicle and governs the

6


SECRET boundaries of the vehicle d1splacernent with respect to the calculated

landing site

As discussed in Section I a pure ballistic re-entry vehicle

design for lunar return missions necessitates the use of a narrow

re-entry corridor with low tolerances on guidance accuracy The

use of such a system would require an extremely accurate ground

based tracking network providing finite data during the terminal

leg of flight (U)

The lifting vehicles LID ) 1 although ofiering a wider

re-entry corridor and more maneuverability necessitates a more

complex design criteria and mission control system (U)

The use of a semi-ballistic lunar re-entry vehicle (nominal

Lfo bull 5 would offer a mean re-entry corridor provide adequatel I

range accuracy and still incorporate design simplicity Assuming

that this type of re-entry vehicle wiU be chosen by the Soviets and

that they will continue to utilize a ~aouth to n~gtl th re- atry ccrr~Jcr

a slte selection criteria can be defined and used to project the most

likely recovery area within the USSR ~

Lunar Recovery Range Criteria

a Security

In the USSR as in the US toleraHe seurir constraints

should be maintained during the re-entry and recovery gt-1 tee of a

7

SECRET AFMDC b3-377Z

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lunar return miss ion

SECRET The recovery area chosen should m inimize

the opportunity lor unauthorized persons to locate and examine the

re~entry vehicle prior to exploitation by trained recovery forces

In order to accomplish this the recovery area should either be

j 11parsely populated or under continuous security control bull (8f

A review of current Soviet earth orbit recoveries indicates

-I that the re-entry corr idor lies between the longltudinal boundaries

of the Tyura Tam and Sary Shagan rangehead areas with impact

occurring just north of the range boundaries The Soviet range

areas lend themselves well to middotthe maintenance of tight security

during recovery operations without necessitating full-time security

personnel Due to the relatively low population density in the

area overshoots into the northern latitudes would require only

I ~

~

minimal additional security restrictions ~

Use of air or ground mobile forces could also provide the

Soviets with a relatively lowcoat security for c~ when bull ~~deo

Gro11nd mobile forces could be air transported to the planned

recovery area prior to re-entrybull fS)

b Safety

A primary consideration in laying out a land rec-gtvery range

for a lunar re~entry vehicle is the safety and control of bullc populashy

tion residing in the area The site selected should ideaLmiddot middot-abulll a

8


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SECRET sparse population commensurate w1th the predicted accuracy and

controllability of thP spacecraft ln order to avoid a serious

mishap during re-entry the close supervision of the ClVllian and

military population in the area is a necessary factor (U)

Use of Soviet missile test range areas for recovery

purposes would be well suited for such supervision cf personnel

Military and civilian personnel located in the proposed recovery

area could be alerted or removed during the recovery exercise

and all air I ground movement could be controlled fST

Population densities at latitudes under approximately

50degN on the existing range areas are almost exclusively under

one person per square kilometer Even at latitudes slightly north

of the middotrange areas to approximately 56deg the population density

increases only slightly poundrom one to ten middotpersons per square

known tc- middotampe a pop leoicn over 200000 people The remainiu~

widely scattered cities in this region are a ll between 5COOgt and

ZOOOOO in population (Figure 3) (S1

c Terrain

One of the most critical facto r s asaociated w ith land recovery

range planning is the general terrain characteriogttics In order to

9

-SECRETshy AFMDC 63-3772

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- middot1 i

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-

~ECRfr optimize locat10n and recovery of a downed vehicle the landing site

should offer the least number of hazards to the incoming vehicle

as well as the recovery force If possible mountc~nous areas

heavy forest treae and water areas should be avoided Use of a

lifting type re-entry vehicle would require an expansive flat terrain

area suitable for an aerodynamic type land1ng This type of re-entry

would also require add1tional latbed areas for abort and overshoot

conditions The use of a semi-ballistic re-entry vehicle employing

parachute ltlrag devices would ideally also require a large flatbed

area for impact This type of vehicle however could suitably

land on relatively low flat or rolling hill type terrain with negligible

effects on the re-entry vehicle This type of terrain would also

still offer good accessibility by helicopter poundor expeditious physkal

recovery The extent of the area needed ior a semi-ballistic lunar

re-entry vehicle ia dependent largely on tracking and guidance

accuraci~e achieved prior to and during le-entry iU)

Assuming that the Soviets will continue to use the current

recogtrery range in the development oi a lunar pr~grco th3 area

should prove quite adequate The range area boumled by the Tyura

Tam and Sary Shagan rangeheads is an arid low~anmiddot ~S region The

area on the northeastern border of the Sltgtry Shagltgt -nge ia an arid

11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~

SECRET plains type region with low rolling hills to the southeast and northshy

west o the city o Karaganda Assummg that a laterai re -etltry

dispersion opound between 60deg und 80degE was possilc~ the Ural mountain

range to the northwest a nd the mountain range directly east of 80deg

should present no problem in landing or recovery ~

Since terrain surround ing the current recovery area is one

of the most suitable areas (if not the most) in the USSR for landing

and recovery it seems likely that this area would be projected for

use in a programmed lunar mission ~

The southern boundaries of the available rarge area would

probably be the 44degN latitude providing entry well within the USSR

The northern boundary would be restricted to an area generally

below 56degN latitude due to population densUy and higher elevation~

in the middot terrain ~

d Cliznatology

The general weather conditiols of a proposed recovery

range play an important role in site selection Since visualmiddot

observation is an important factor in search bull ecvvery operations

the area cnosen bullhould be relatively free from overcast ground

fog rain and snow during as much of the y ar ~ possible (U)

Although the recovery orCe5 ~hgtUld b =-~ middotlipped to handle

searchrecovery operations duling bad or hazardos WEather the

12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772

- ____- --middot middotmiddotmiddot -middotmiddotmiddot -----~ ___ middotmiddot--middotmiddot- - middotmiddot-- -shy

efficiency with which the operation is carried out is dependent on

the generaL weather characteristics of the area (U

Climatic conditions at the nom_~al Sl 0 N range now being

used for recovery ha full seasonal weather varying rom middotmiddotl0degF

in January to 90degF in July The 6lOW lin dips down into the

recovery zone in the winter months but is much less critical than at

any opound the more northern latitudes The present recovery range

and its areas toward the southern boundaries a the USSR make

use of one of the best climatic regions in the USSR Sf

e Logistic Support

Functions of the recovery support bases located on or

near the recovery range for a lunar mission are again dependent

011 the type vehicle utilized By using a semi-ballisticre-entry

vehicle with guidancp accu~middotacies on the order of t_ ~00 NM in

doWltranie and late10al displac~ ments Ound suFgtort facilities

could be hr 11 to a rnbimum 81

Ground mobile recov(ry teams could be staged poundrom bases

around the recovery area with little additjonal workload on the

exisoting bases Primary considerations would be the housing of

personnel and vehicle maintenance (Ui

If expeditious physical recovc ) a~ the downed lWJar vehicle

is a requirement in the USSR (as in mann~lt flights) helicopter

13

SECltET AFMDC 63-3172

-----shy middot -middotmiddot middot----shymiddotmiddot ---middotmiddot _ ___ shy -middotmiddot-----shymiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot -shy middot middotshy

SECRfl recovery teams equipped with spcca~ piclltup gear would be the

best recovery method to use H this type recovery is deaigned

or the pickup of a lunar vehicle the prime logistics problem would

be staging areas in close proximity to the planned impact area which

would be capable oi hmdling refueling ope rations The northeast ern i

i and northwestern sectors of the remiddotentry range currently being

used would appear to have airfields l arge enough to handle

refueling operations for this type of craft Due to limited range

and speed capabilities of helkopters staging would probably be

programmed from three or iour areas on the recovery range The

exact numbebull of helicopters staged from each location would be

dependellt on the accuracy of the search aircraft in locating the

downed vericle )$)The search aircraft located in or near the recovery range

presents a more complex logistics problem Assuming that light

cargo tygte ailcrat will be llsed for search operltgtolons lariing

strips and refueling points_will have to be established on or near

the planned impact area Having e~ablished th r az a hounded by

of the most suitable areas in the USSR for re=overy airfield

I

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middot

14

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SECREa and ale most strat~gically located in the northeastern sector of

the range Based on the Tass-announced recovery points poundor

Vostoks V and vr this general recovery sector was usee poundor

these operations Utilization of this area provided the Soviets

with the most suitable aircraft and helicopter staging sector on

the recovery range The northwestern sector combined with

the sectors along the northern border appear to ofer the second

best aircraft staging area for recovery within the range

boundalies tFigure 4) ~

f Recovery Associated Command and Control

An essential element in the success of any recovery operashy

tion is the eflectiveness of its conunand and control network As

noted earlier the scope of instrumentation required for this phase

o the lunar tnission is a direct function of the type of re-entry

vehicle utilized (U)

(1~ ~i-Ballietic v~~~=

(a) US Program

The current proposals for the Apollo l na paceshy

craft point up the plans to incorporate the semi-ballistic design

in the us moon program us intention5 for comman cond

control equipment for Apollo currently call for ~he use o f lt~

Deep Space Instrumentation Facilities (DSIF) network with attiona

15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J

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i

1

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- _middot -

--~

----middot~bullbullbull bull-bull bullbull-bullbullbull --- bull bull middot middot -middot - bullmiddot -- r~ bull ~- middot~ ---- ~bullbull bullbull bull - middot ~- middot bull middot bullmiddot

at the Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) Goldstone Facility California

Woomera Australia Johannesburg South Africa and at least one

mobile station located near mission injection points Each of

these stations is located at approximately equal longitudinal

intervals around the globe each iii equipped with 85-foot diameter

I I

reflectors capable of precision tracki ng and communications and

i each station can provide coordinated tracking command and

telemetering functions for middotdeep space probes The Apollo program

wi ll also use existing Mercury control stations encompassing the

Pacific and Atlantic Range instrumentation sites Data collected

from the combined sites is fed into the Goddard Space Flight

G~nter for real-time analysis ~

(b) Soviet Program

By using a semi-ballistic re-entry vehicle the

Soviets could utilize tracking and recovery techruques very

similar to those now in use for the i r arth orbit recovaries

A south to north re-entry corridor similar to that presently used by

the Soviets i11 assumed or the returning vehicle hw middot 1~ thi~

corridor is also dependent on the original launch CJiuuth the

number of guidance corrections made through the flig~~t and

the accuracy of theae corrections The uslt- of the srmiddotmiddot p r-ntry

corridor would provide the Soviets with versatility throuh ~hirmiddot

17

SECREf AFMDG amp3-377Z

_---~-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot------- -~ -middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~ middot middotmiddot--- middotmiddot___~ --~ middot__-- -- -middot middot-middotmiddot

SECRET ship~baiied tracking network and would therefore not necessitate

a worldwide fixed land tracking network as is planned I or US

programs k8)

Minimum requirements for a Soviet recovery range

command and control system include the establishment of a

recovery control center three or more beacon tracking stations

search aircraft staging areas and recovery forces stagig areas

The recovery range control center will probably control the entire

recovery operation under the auspices of the central mission

control and apace track center Jrf

The recovery lange control center should be

located in cloiie proximity to the planned impact area maintaining

contact with the rnis sian control center and lts subordinate i

I recovery forces on secure HF UHF or VHF communications

liriks cent

Initial impact predictions and cal ulations would

probably be forwarded rom the central mission control and

spacetrack center to the recovery phase of opcr-ti-bullbull1 The

recovery range controller would then dispatch ant ontrol search

aircraft via radio communications channels Sinntaneously the

recovery range controller would receive real-tim( middot -ota on the downed

vehicle frorn recovery range associated beacon trltocklmiddotmiddot g stltions

18


~-middot-~~~middotmiddot___ middot~middot~-~~~middot~- ~---) ~middot ~- middot -middot~ lt~~-7-~~~7r~-gt middot -~~--middot-middot-~~ middot middotmiddot _ -~~- middot_ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ~--~~_ ~~---middot-

middot------ -- --- ---~middot-middot-middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot------------ middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot--middot-- middot _____ __- _ -middot

SECRET These stations would provide accurate impact location information

derived from standard radio DF methods The numbc1middot of beaet)middot

tracki ng stations could be limited to chree stations alipneii to zive

accurate triangulation data The Sov iet Krug network of high-

frequency 1middotadio digtmiddotection inding stations currently located at

some twenty-six operational sites through the USSR could easily

serve this function By using this network of stations the

Soviets could cut cost on range instrumentation required anlt-- still maintain tolerable impact locatiol1 requirements m

The Krug system reportedly has a bearing

accuracy of plus or minus 1 7 degrees at extreme ranges 1 i (8000 NM) with lttccuracie s approaching one -tenth of a degree at

middot I

short ranges Existing stations located in close proximity to themiddotl i bull proposed recovery zone include Krasnodar Tbilisi Shulmiddotaabad

ALma Ata and two stations at Tashkent (Figure 5) ~

Data received from the eacll track~_g statior~ is

fed into the central mission controller for correlation with

calculated impact data and at the same time is sent to ~ e -eovery

control center which dispatches the search aircraft tc the recovery

zone This exercise could be handled 011 normal two-ltay HF or

UHF communications links (Figure 6 18

19

-SECREr AFMDC 63-3772

middotmiddot middotmiddot----- -middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot- -- __ __ ____ _ - -shy-- -- middotmiddot middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot --~---middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot middot middot -

Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs

- - - - -middot bullmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot -

-- ---- -middot-middotmiddot - ~ -middot ~ -~ middot middot--middot -~- middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- --middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- -middot

SECRET

RECOVERY RANGE CONTFltOL

( INTR - ~ -~

FIG 6 (U) RECOVERY TRACKING NETWO K

21

SECRET

AFMOC 63-3772-SECREtshy

~ middot-middot -~-- -- middot-~middot- - middotmiddotmiddot middot -- -~-- -middot _ __ ~-- -middot _ __ -~ middot middotmiddot middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - -

-SESREfshy(2 Lifting Re-Eltry Vehicle_

For a relatively high lift (LID ) I) lunar re-entry

vehicle the equipment requirements increase substantially for

both orbital corridor stations and the recovery site Continuous

tracking will be required from the deboost point to the impact

site which wi ll normally result in an initial need for at least

eight tracking stations along the orbital corridor This arrangeshy

ment will provide continuous tracking from deboost to landing

ln the recovery area the probable instrumentation requirements

include C and S band radaramp radio D F equipment airborne

radars precision doppler radars for velocity measurement)

mobile ground radars (for immediate off -range coverage) angle

and distance measuring equipment tracking telescopes and

ballistic cameras Absolute minimum instrumentation requireshy

ments ior recovery puTposes are a tracking and acquisition radar

and radio D F equipment however~ thbulls situaL-1 whiJe -imp1e

and economical is an extremely rough approach to a very sophistishy

cated problem Safety considera~ions and the de~ middot oe tc obtain

refined and accurate mission information will rr-st probably

dictate the use of the greater equipment requir-eroents postulated

above if the litins re-entry vehicle i s actually utized by either

the IJS or the Soviets JS


middotmiddotshy middot middot---- -middot _____ __ ___ __ - ___

g Search and Recovery Techn iqu~

Although the search and recov -ry techniques currently being

used by the Soviets are unknown it has been established that the

most effective recovery methods itlclude th~ use of search aircraft

for vehicle location combined with helicopter or ground mobile

systems or physical recovery Proposals for the US Apollo

program include the combined use of these vehicles during the

recovery exercisa bull

The number of aircraft involved in the search activity is

dependent upon the precalculated impact accuTacy of the re-entry

vehicle To minirnize the number of aircraft required for search

operations the ralge would probably be divided into search

sector with the bulk of the aircraft deployed in the primary

precalculated impact zone This zone could then be broken down

into seiirch sectors employing one or more aircraft per secto-r

depepdent on the size of tce O-~a tcgt ~ co rerd middotn_ bull bull ~ge

control center woulC naintain constant voice communications dith

the search forces and provide all vector information (lf

Once the spacecraft was sighted the geographic coordinates

could be forwarded to the recovery range controller who in turn

would dispatch the physical recovery vehicles to th~ impact site

Pickup of the re-entry vehicle would probably be arried out by

Z3

-sECRET AFMDC )3-3772

i i

-middot I

1 i

---middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot bull bullbullbullbull- -- _ ___ bull bullbullbull middot-bull - r-o _ middot---~~ - --- -4-middot --- middot-~middot-middot middot middot-middot-shy- shy __

SECRET conventional means dependent on its physical charac teristics

and then transported to a predete1middotmi ned checkout or transh i pment

a r ea (U)

Since this method is adequate and yet employs nothing more

than atanda1middotd search techniques it may be assumed that the Soviets

would use equal s implicity in a planned lunar recovery mission

Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n

middot-middotmiddot middotmiddot-middot middot-- --middot--middotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddotbull ~ - bull-middotmiddot ~

SECRET

middot

FlG 7 (U) SEARCH RECOVERY NETWORK

-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1

middotmiddot _ --middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot--~ ~~ middotmiddot -middot--middotmiddot --middot -- -middotmiddotmiddot middot - -~middot --- middotmiddot

SECRET SECTION IlL

~MODEL OF USSR LUNAR RECOVERY RANGE

The proposed lunar recovery range outlined in this section

includes those areas of the USSR which best it US standard

recovery range site selection criteria The earth orbit recovery

lt~-reas currently being used by the Soviets fit well within the

proposed boundaries of tte lunar recovery range and could continue

to be used dependent on the external constraints o the chosen

lunar mission and its re-entry vehicle characteri11tics It should

be remembered however that these are limiting site selection

factors and the area proposed is made with no knowledge of USSR

lunar recovery mission technology m The broad boundaries of the proposed recovery range include

i

appears to include the largest number of logistic support areas

Althoughmiddot this area is believed to be the met uitable poundor the

recovery of a semi -ballistic type re-entry vehicle the entire

area still presents good possibility Utilization of more aoltltherly

sectors of the proposed range would suggest the uG~ of a high lift

Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z

______ middot-middot---middotmiddot - -middotmiddot ------ bull -- -~ -M bull o- --------middot -middot ---- - middot -middot-- middotmiddot -~ - middot ----shy

SECRET vehicle or the construction of logist ic support bases designed

specifically for the suppor t of a lunar program Pltgtst Soviet

philosophy suggests that maximum usc will be made of existing

facilities or such a ptmiddotogram rather than the development of an

~ntirely new range lpound1

Figure 8 includes the primary secondary and tertiary

landing areas which would p r obably be used by the Soviets in a

programmed lunar return mission J8f Figure 9 illustrates a functional lunar recovery miaion

control network which could be used aasuming a semi -balli stic

re-entry vehicle This diagram incorporates control techniques

which are proposed for the US lunar recovery program and

includes c e rtain Soviet conunand and control technique5 which are

believed to be used in current earth orbit operations )IS1

Z7

SECREf AFMDC b3-3772

1

-middotmiddot- --middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middotmiddot--middot middot-- middot middot ~ middotmiddot-

-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i

FIG 9 (U) MISSION CONTROL NETWOPO SEGRE=

AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf

- _ - --middot--middot _

SfOOH (U ) BrBLLOGRAPHY

l Caldwell D M Jr and Dunlap E W Recovery of a Lunar Re-Entry Vehicle at a Prto-Selected Landing Site Ai r Force Flight Test Center Edward s AFB Ca lifornia Technical Documentary Report 62 -18 SeptEo cmiddotnber 1962 (Unclassified

2 Eggleston John M and Young John W Trajectory Control for Vehides Entering the Earths Atmosphere at Small Flight-Path Angles NASA Technical Report R-89 (Unclassified)

3 Foudriat E C Study of the Use of a Terminal Controller Technique for Re-Entry Guidance of a Capsule Type Vehicle NASA Technical Note D-BZB (Unclassified)

4 Henry 1 G SR 192 -Strategic Lunar System- Volume Vli (Trajectory Studies) Aerojet General Corporamption Final Report 1741 (Seeret)

5 Jensen Townetend Kork Kraft Design Guide to Orbital F light McGraw-Hi ll Book Company Inc (Unclassified)

6 Wong T J and Slye R E The Efect of Lift on Etry Corridor Depth and Guidance Requirements for the Return Lunar F_ight NASA Technical Report R-80 (Unclaampsified

7 Apollo Systems Study Mid - Term Review GeneTal Electric March i 91middot DIN 2388 middot-09-0 (Co fiditiliall

amp L tlmiddotum~nta~iv- Guidance and Navigation for Soviet AeroshySJace Vehicl~~ FTD-TlS -EL-61-63 (Sccl et) bull

9 Krug HFDF has Multiple High Priority_~~icm~ May Provide Navigational Fixes fo1middot SLRA Weekly Intelligence Review NORAD Issue Nr 2762 (Sectctl middot

10 Lunar Expedition Plan Headquarters Space Systems Division AFSC Lunex WDLAR-S-458 (Seebullet)

liFMDC b3-377Z

11

- ~middotmiddot------ bull bullbullbullbullmiddotbullbull- bullmiddotbullbull middot____ _ bullwbull+ - -bull-bullbullbull ___ __ middotmiddot-middot ---middot- _____ ~ bullmiddot bull-middotbull bull bullbull

shy

SECRET 0 L-g )_L 11 Soviet Launch Faciht1es FTD TWPshy

~i~~_-tD12 Space Vehicle Recovery Control Syst~

Company Waltham 54 Massachusett

13 Space Vehicle Recovery Get1e1middotal Eleo Communications Department Santa B 63 SPC -1 (Unclassified)

14 SR-192 Strategic Lunar Systems Studmiddot Aircraft Corporation Report Nr 0700~

f3ee1 et)

15 SR-192 Strategic Lunar System Aerojet General Corporashytion Special Report Nr 1779 (See etl

16 The US Planetary EX1oration Program JPL May 1961 Technical Report Nr 3~-84 (Seex et)

31


- --

--middotmiddot- ____ ----------~-----~-middot _____ - _____ middot -middot-~

Organization

FTD FTD FTD AFSC BSD SSD ASIO ESD AMD RADC AFWL AFFTC AFMTC APGC AEDC RTD AFMDG

lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR

TDFS TOES TDBDP SCFD BSF SSF ASF ESY AMF RAY WLF FTY MTW PGF AEY RTGS MDO MDNH

Copy Nr

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-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull

shy - bull middot --shy bull bull bull - ( bull bull

bull bull ~ bullbullbull middotmiddotmiddot bull bull middot _middot_ _middot ___ bullbull~r middotshy bull bull bull bullbull bullbullbull _middot

-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-

-middotmiddot~ middot middot~

middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE

AREA MAP SHOWING LOCA110N OF AFMDG

l Information confl1cting w1th or pertinently affecting that con tained in this publi_cation should be forwarded by the rec1pient

directly to

AFMDC (MDFB) Holloman AFB New Mexico 88330

This in no way abbrogates or alters responsibility fat sending such information or any pertinent intelligence data through already established intelligence collection chan n e 1 s of the various services or agencies of the US Government

2 WARNING This document containe inpoundonn3tion affecting the national defense of the US within the meanmg of the Espionage Law Title 18 US C Sections 793 and 794 Its transmission or the revelation of its contents in any manner to an unauthorized

person is prohibited by law

3 Copies have not been placed in the D DC collection Address all requests for copies to AFMDC (MDFC)

4 Do not return this copy When not needed destroy in accordshyance with pertment security regulations

5 This publlcation has been designd to mlt~t the ~ ~1c aoJerl e of the r~cipit ~ for inte)h -middotltc~ Further dissemination by the recipient of parts or the wnole to subordinate elements must be based on the specific need-to-know of the recipient to perform his assigned mis~ions (Authority AFCLN Policy Lett~- lt05 - ~ dated ZO February 1959)


AFMDC-TR-b3middotl



September 1963

Task b 18207(24 Task 618207(80)

Prepared by



position





I





j

-middotshy

S~GRET (U) PREFACl













FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 6~-37-72






__


Preface

Summary iii




30Bibliography

32Distribution bull











ii



SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose








Conclusions



middotj I


j (U)


recovery range j8)




iii




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

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SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

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i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











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13





















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i

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14

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(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







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(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



AFMDC-TR-b3middotl



September 1963

Task b 18207(24 Task 618207(80)

Prepared by



position





I





j

-middotshy

S~GRET (U) PREFACl













FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 6~-37-72






__


Preface

Summary iii




30Bibliography

32Distribution bull











ii



SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose








Conclusions



middotj I


j (U)


recovery range j8)




iii




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

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i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

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d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











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13





















I

J

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I

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14

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15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


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1

I j

- _middot -

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(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




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Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

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-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

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1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


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-middot- - ------- - - -~

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I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE


I





j

-middotshy

S~GRET (U) PREFACl













FOR THE COMMANDER


AFMDC 6~-37-72






__


Preface

Summary iii




30Bibliography

32Distribution bull











ii



SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose








Conclusions



middotj I


j (U)


recovery range j8)




iii




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

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300 000 ft 250000 225000

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middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

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A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

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-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











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13





















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15

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____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


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(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














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19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

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Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


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1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


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I i


AFMCC 63-3772

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liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



__


Preface

Summary iii




30Bibliography

32Distribution bull











ii



SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose








Conclusions



middotj I


j (U)


recovery range j8)




iii




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






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8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

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11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











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13





















I

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15

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____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


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1

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--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


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SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


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STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

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I i


AFMCC 63-3772

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liFMDC b3-377Z

11


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f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



SECRET (U) SUMMARY

Purpose








Conclusions



middotj I


j (U)


recovery range j8)




iii




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























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2






















3

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(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

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300 000 ft 250000 225000

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SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












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7

















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9



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-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

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12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











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13





















I

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15

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(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



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( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


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24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


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--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

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I i


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liFMDC b3-377Z

11


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f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE




















iv

SECRET










mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

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SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

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d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


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STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE











mission 8r




criteria (U)

-~ i

v



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

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SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




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24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


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STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

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liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



SECRff SECTION 1























middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



middot






















2






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE






















3

SECRET





(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE






(b) LIITIlc DRRIOOR


UNCLASSIFIED

e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE


e ~c c e


20

1

1

I A l+n -at lnitial


~

~

~pproach bull

300 000 ft 250000 225000

000 0 ~

ILu n


~middot J


L0 01

middot ~

Basic approach


~ ~~~ ~ ~middot

~I=~~= ~~~ -1 ~~~~

A~~~~





SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



SECRH SECTION U




















6



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

SECREt AFMDC 63-3n


SECRET

middot


-shyRV I BEACON

TRACKING j

STATION

--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



landing site






leg of flight (U)












a Security



7

















I ~

~






b Safety




8




















c Terrain



9



- middot1 i

j

i I i

i l

l

-






















11

AFMDC 63 - 3772

~ __~















d Cliznatology








12

SECRH AFMDC 63-3772











e Logistic Support













13





















I

J

i ~

I

i

A

middot

14

SfCRpoundT

1


















(a) US Program






15

SEMl AFMDC 63-3772

____ ~~ __ ~ ~~~~__C7f-=-~J


i

1

I j

- _middot -

--~







I I








(b) Soviet Program










17





programs k8)












liriks cent








18














middot I









19



Fig 5 ~ Krug S1tcs



SECRET


( INTR - ~ -~


21

SECRET

















































Z3


i i

-middot I

1 i




a r ea (U)




Figure 7) )8f

24

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- --


Organization


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DISTRIBUTION

OPR


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

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-

_

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Organization


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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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~~--middot

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( INTR - ~ -~


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Zb

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Organization


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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-

_

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Zb

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- --


Organization


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DISTRIBUTION

OPR


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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__ - w~c o3-3772

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Zb

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Organization


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OPR


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

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Zb

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- --


Organization


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DISTRIBUTION

OPR


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



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-

_

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middot __

-


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Zb

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- --


Organization


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DISTRIBUTION

OPR


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01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

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-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

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--

1


SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


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- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



SECRET SECTION IlL












i






Zb

AFMDC 63-377Z















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE
















Z7


1


-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



-~

-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE


-middot- - ------- - - -~

I I I I

I i


AFMCC 63-3772

SECREf













liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE














liFMDC b3-377Z

11


shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE



shy






f3ee1 et)



31


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE


- --


Organization


lt AFMDG

DISTRIBUTION

OPR


Copy Nr

01-0Z 03-04 05-09 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-21 22-23 24-ZS Z6-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35

-36 37

__ - w~c o3-3772

-middotshybull bull



-

-

_

) middotmiddot

~~--middot

middot __

-


middot

_- -

- -

RIO GRANDE


RIO GRANDE


Documents

Lunar Exploration System (LES) Land Area Recovery Range and Associated Command and Control Systems.pdf