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' is classified-'l'OP !!EC!tm' Se~itive for
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ANALYSIS OF "A $1.5 BILLION SECRET IN SKY" WASHINGTON POST, DEC. 9, 1973
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Article, "A $1.5 Billion Secret in Sky," A Laurence Stern, Washington Post, December 9, 1973
Analys i s of Artic le
Extract f rom "Foreign Policy: Disquiet Over Intelligence Setup ," Benjamin Welles, New York Times, J anuary 22, 1971
Extract f rom "H-L-S of the C. I. A.," Benjami n Welles, New York Times Magazine, April 18, 1971
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Extract from '~ues tions Related to Secret and F Confidential Documents," Senate Special Committee to Study Questions Related t o Secr et and Confidential Documents, 93d Congress, 1st Sessi on, Report No . 93-466, October 12, 1973
Release f rom Office of Senator Will iam Proxmire, G Saturday, December l , 1973
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-· . '• . . ·suNDAY , DECEMBER. 9, 1973
. 4 $1.5_ Billwn.-Secret • 1n Sky ..
U.S. Spy Unit Surfaces by Accident . 4nftcn of UM rtpert ua•ittlncly brfl.c)).
87 LaunnH- Stf'nl ed _.nt)' by UsUne:. tlong ... t1h CIA. · •·.w~.,.. ...... uwrwrr OIA aDd NSA on the eondudinc pa~t.l.bt
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In t~ U"C&ftt ,i.d, l\eavUy clusUI~d ~•tionat JteconnJissaD« Otllt<t. · world or .. over-Mad .. fft'Onnlls.u~ &ncl ,\od more obliQuorly, Sett. W1111tm Proa· apy u tclUle ~rntt:ltiCcft«. t.ht rxislf:n('e J:nln: (o.wa.l a lluded to t'he N'RO't mil-of t.~c Nation• l !tecotaM itUDtt OfOce Ius J \oQ tn a ft'l"tnt slattme.Dt du.U.en.ainc b«n one ol the best k tpt Uade tO>p the appoinlmt't\\ of I..ockhctd Air'cn(t a<UU. \ Ccc"p.. f'ft01\ftai.JUDt"e $att1Ult' Up«:rt
Tbt n.amt or tht orc:~nlut&on, lD !&et, l;l.mes w. Pl"t~tmu u uGdtr w cre tary h; top Mc~t. and, •«ordint \o f.ntd li· o( tht Air Fof'C'C. • •nc:c bWC"ial.$. h.u ap~artd In pubUc Jn qutstlonint Plummer's nominaUoa. · print on'y onct befort-by lnadvut~C\c'f . on C"'I\I\I(t<Of·intf'rnt trounds., PrtxD\ire
Yt t Cbt !\RO, '''hich is tund td priroar· nude 1 pointed obs.ervo~Uoa: 'Uy thrOUfl\ Alr Forte appropriations. "~ormally, the under secrcu.ry or tM liptnds an C!stimo~ted $1.$ billion .1 yur Air Foree his jurisdlC1ion 0'' tr ('t'r\ain acqWrint • nd mana:ine tl\4 mo1-t sophis· lnlf'Uiuoct m&Utrs and $ils on a sl)«.ill ticat~d. f'lvsio;e and expcnsh·• for« of c-ommiU•• that dirfftl manned • nd ~r,~n· .-piu t t\lll b•s t <o;tr M«n recrulttd. Into n:unntd OYtrhu d r-ecOo,n~i .. uac-t. inC'I~r,~d.· tht 10.-..f"R.mc'nt"$ $Cf'ritt. Inc SD'f u 1tllttt PTOenms. T11f'M critiul
h.s c'UJtomus ir.dudt tht C~ntra1 ID-< proJ«U N vt run in1o tbt " illions ot t.em s:cncc .~-cn<"r. :\11 Uond S«vrit1 dollarJ-monty tholl (loW'! to de~nJt: C:Oil~ .Attno. DtCcn.u lntclli~nc:c AZ:t rv::Y and tuctol'S lv<l'l a-s Lo<:thHd.'" the \\'hlte House. tu oper~l~\'tJ bur such P\ummcr hu bttn ,.·ith Lockheed since JUMU " SR-71. Sam<»., .\ Jtna, and '"the 19M. 'Jhc C•lifotr.i,·N:sed. rirm 1.1 lbt Bl~t 8lrcJ,'' lt:s acChitie"S u~ Sttftn~ off princip.d corpotatt contrutor In the f"m aU but a nl~ti\'e tl.andtul O( IJ)«ial• s.o<JIIled "'ol,a('lr." tt('Onftai$$3ft(t Jll.lU\e b tJ Jn lh~ natlon.Jl ,.ec:urity b\lru ucNIIC')' progr11ms c-.anitd out br ~RO. , • ·ho cu ry 10m~ of t-he hi&lMJl a.nd mon f'ronl the .. skunk wor~.s."' u spedalists .-p«l&li.ttd. d earances iuued by tb.t I OV· dPs.eribe th• ta.ciUt!. of t.Dd:httd 11')' •nm1~nt. plane dc,-.lo~ Kd.lt>y Joh.l'l.a.on Itt :St ·
Curiously t nou(tt. tM o nly rt!•r-eD.ct" vad,a abo 1cnc-r&td tfk t;.: an cl S.R·'71. to NRO tM.t Ins t~Hn n\ad• In a pobJjC" -Tbt C\2 wu · perbllps tM only (O't'fnl· IO\'Ctnm~nt clocu:JMI\t was Lase. Oct. 12 ill ca.ent spy proJtct t<l bave a t:oJt. Wldtr· a report of tbt SJ~erlal Senate Committ.et to Study Qutltions Re-late-d: to Sec-ret ar.d Conlh1tnti•l Co,.'ttDI'Qtnt Do<umenu. Tbt
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Rli ~t~<l .l.o .. ~d 1M ;rom·· bed perfonnanct stand. · accb.,. &&1.4 on.e expert on &h.t J'roeraru. LotkMt-4 was
. abo ~ prime oontra.ctor •n ttlf' C4A, wbicb "WU
pl&ru<d - · u bUiloa i.a combl.ne4 eott o\'t-f'('Ul)S. . fa o44itlo<> IO<hecoafii<t· o!..J.-DUrat luu~ La. Pllllll· IDA!',., appolnt!Dfnl. 4:'0n;n• lioaallnYcstl(&tocs llt"C' look"'' Into the po$$ibil.ities of
. OVUT1Ul.J ltl tlloe JUI)ef'1.C<tl!t . reronn•luanc:t u teJlite pro-
IUI-t:DS "Un6«r ~RO"s j1olris4.ietioL
• -r~ M-Yet' beard. of OM ot tbfl.t pro; r arn.s tba1 dida't h.avc c:urmous eos.-t ovuruns.• s,a, ld one Dt-Ccnsc ~p.,.rl:mcnt olfh·ial Yth.o hat worll.cd first·h:u~d with some
·of cht spy UCt~:llile O~t<l• lions. Tbe opportunities for 'bna.kiRJ: toM and perform· •~ t'O .. mluwnts .ut putn In spy s.at«llite 9C'O.
,runs., tl\is official sat-d. ~ca~ or the •tmospher~ or J.t<f'et)' 1 ftd narrow channels of .. aceount.-bi1Jty in wbidl they Optrt(('.
NRO's u J.teen('e is 1bielded from ttalor ('On· rrrWoul IAtelll~nce o"-e:r· lft'l'$. Yonrttr hl~u.n.kin: su.l( 8'\etnbers o! the National St'cU:rii.Y Cowncil. •1lo wut elnrtd for IOR'.-t <>1 thf' JnOS1 stosJ.tho.e lnteHI~t~ tnattrial to l"fl<'h •ht Presi· ckot"¥ ft&k, ad:nowle-dted ·m iaterviews tl\.lt the-y had aot bee.WfonnK about iL
-JbiJ Is a bl&« procr•m ud you"n: a.ot nppo$ed to ttHnl' lt n .isu."' uid: ou Pt-.otaaon. • dmlnlstucoc. Foe th-e past sevtn.l JtaNi lt$ !U· pervill.or'l bas nomiru.tl,y bet>D fn the hudJ of the un· C5~r seereeary or the .\ir J'otff. Operatiollt a.nd pro-· curt".mtnt hl\"t bc._ot.O h:D·
• dled throu~ tM orfic.e o1 1bt Stcn~tuy o! lht ,\ ir J'oroet, 'aoeordJn;: to DeCense Depanm•nL sources.
tu ~.ot<m.-- P'Od..U · ta~11td IEL1i'"T <ror ck-euonk 1:1\eUittMe) ~od CO:\l:~"'f (for f:OGU~'IUIUel• Uon.s fn.teUil:tDte) l f e par
• C"tlM out IUK!er ~1.1.1 coden•mu to lbe covt rv.men.t
' • (O(IsWM'n"' -web u C lA Or :ss~ Tbc' ~ cn•Y att lM pn:MSud o( the llt(rtt ~· e-ooaaiUAl!£S, tvstl, .. u IDOftl· \Otin; ot CbiMM ft"<'lf'at tc:sU. or nd.io Lnnscnlssiont In tht So\·if"' CrUoa.. •1tbout belnt told or •M collection tt'(hniquc:s. Thi.s ls lo:.no••n AS •C"'Mpar1rnf:n1Jlitln; "' of lh· tdli~~~~ d tta .•. Sin~ tM tcceP'tlon ol the
U. S. re<:Oftnais.ur;<e uu-1· Ute protncn itt the mid'IO.SOS to 1970 some $ 10 to S~t biJlion Nd ~n sPtfll on t~ spy birds. actordinl to an ~ninut~ b~' ~\·lation tnd 1~ .-riter Phi II~ J\ 1\.lu.s In his book. -SHTtt ~ntri~, ln Sp.a:ce... Sind: t~Kn tbr out111 nu.y hu·c crow-n t>r att.ut S$ bifH.oa. . o ... ·ttht~ rec11nn.a~nC" h.u pfo,~a ot 1norm.ous nlu~ in proridlnc p·u>re n· alittic 111$$tSSINftt.l ot $\J~b thln.CS a.s So'i.e:t ba.Uinic missile- eAJ ablllt.t. both of· (eaS.tYe' and dtlen.~h·e. h b-tlp.<rd' in tut. to dtlu.s.e
a. ..,ablic 1""in:ti«'\i-f's o~r the
ml.nile ~-ap tn ttw u.rly 19tOS. The most publirlu<l U3e of the proCT•In wa& to $U~port Pmidtnt Keont· cb·'s conter.tion ' t.h.&t tbe Sovkt C nkJn wu ln~Wo& of· f e.nU.vt- mi~ ln Cu~
8vt ~.ngnuional in.vesli· ptors in yd. anP"bliti:td l nqu.ltks an> n.tsin2 que.sUoru •bout rtbtlon.ab..ips be· twetn eorporatt ('Of'IU'aetors :and lb~ SUl\(f•MCI'fl P .. grams lwtri; ('.rd td out un·
d.tr lhe a~cb ot ~RO ~r.d other m•~it.ary llltf'IU(e'Meacene:es.
· ProJ:JQfrt.•i concun 1 fto tll tbe Plummer appointmee t b one u~mpte of Chis- Air Force- Set~tary Joh:o L )lc-Lucu nme to the zonrnW~tnt troro tht .\ir Forte tbink t.a.nk. !oUTRE. Aaitt.a.nl A.f'l' Forte StnYYI'1 fof' procur~ m eD\ Fr•Ak Sc)va o·l.l co.-a ftoa 8«· lnr . ~ ...... bee-n • lend·
~tnC,.. atront.tr th.ah e~er ln. · r~-c-ent crtonth:S. to put ll' lf«t~·•
tins ot c:onlractor •~ndfl in tht-H tty POS-itions." $3ld onlt veteran Delt.n:se Dep.art .. me nt oUiC'ial. ~~.t that. U:t~ U 1nJ1.hi:tC: prrson..aUy wronc with tht$1:: ~a. a·ut. all the-lr 1Uitud~s !Q.':~ bt-tn sb~P<t'd bY their upcor~ncc woril::ln.c ror contr.a<ton:·
The lale Allen EUtnt!er {1)·t..a.). fotmer <'~if'Qlan ot lhe- S t nalt APpi"'$'riallCIM Commt\ttr • ..-as on.: ol U.e -(ew membe-rs of Con~ns priw \0 some oC ~-arn.· me-nt 'J bcUJ:ct>t lntdlit~ace ae<rets.. •nd rbl.lbarbs.
-u )'ou knew bo..- nwth. , mont-)' ••e a;pend and bow Jn"W.'l'l money ~ ••att~ tn thi:s loNa..'' l:lltndtr s.ai.d in 1. J9il l.nle-1"\·t~w. "it ~·ould k nock ~" or! yot.tr cb.air. Jt'5 rrimin&l. •
Wh;atevet t~t amount. tnl :bt ~ wiU prob~bly ne..-u apptu ill lbt 9ubUc d. amain.
.. .. · Ana lysis of
• "A $1. S Billion Secret in Sky" Washington Post, Dec. 9, 1973
1. ALLEGATION: In the arcane and heavily classified world of "overhead" reconnaissance and spy satellite intell igence, the existence of the National Reconnaissance Office has been one of the best kept trade top secrets.
COMMENT: Essentially correct,
2. ALLEGATION: The name of the organiiation, i n fact, is t op secret, and , according to i ntel ligence officials , has appeared in publ ic print only once before- -by inadvertence,
C0~1MENT: The NRO is SECRET; the NRP is TOP SECRET, and in addition both terms are compartmented. The inadvertent discl osure referred to occurred in the Congressional Record on October 12, 1973 (See Tab F). Also, reference to t he NRO appeared in the New York Times , January 22, 1971; r eference to the NRP appeared in the New York Times Magazine, April lS, 1971 (See Tabs C and D). Until now the Executive Branch has not ackn.o,.ledged tbe existence of the NRP or the NRO.
3. ALLEGATION: Yet the NRO , which is funded primarily through Air Force appropriations, spends an estimated $1.5 billion a year.
4. ALLEGATION: Its customer s i nclude t he Central Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency and the White House.
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5. AIJ.F.GAIION: Its or,eratives bear such names as SR-71, SAMOS, AGENA, and 'the Big Bird."
CQtiENT: The SR-71 was developed and procured by the NRO fo: the Alr Force. It is occasionally tasked for HRO missions; not owned by th~ NRO. The satel lite names which appear here are in general t those u.ed the NRO.
6. ALLEGATION: Its activities are screened off from all but a relative handful of specialists in the national securi ty bureaucracy who carry some of the highest and most speci alized clearances issued by the government.
7. ALLEGATION: CUriously enough, the only reference to NRO that has been made in a public government document was last Oct. 12 in a r eport of the Special Senate C0111nittee to Study Questions Related to Secret and Confidential Government Docwnents. The drafters of the report unwittingl breached security by listing, along with CIA, DIA and NSA on the concluding page , the National Reconnaissance Office.
COMMENT: Tab F).
8. ALLEGATION: And, more obliquely, Sen. Willi8111 ProXIIIire (D-Wis.) alluded to the NRO's mission in a recent statement challenging the appointment of Lockheed Aircraft Corp. r econnaissance satellite expert James W. Pl•mmer as under secretary of the Air Force.
COMMENT:
9. ALLEGATION: "Normally, the under secretary of the Air Force has jurisdiction over certain intelligence matters and sits on a special committee that directs manned and unmanned overhead reconnaissance, including spy satellite programs."
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10, ALLEGATION: The California-based firm is the principal corporate contractor in the so-called "black" reconnaissance satellite programs carried out by NRO.
11. ALLEGATION: "The U-2 vas perhaps the only government: spy project to have a cost under-run and to exceed the promised performance standards," said one expert on t:he program.
12. ALLEGATION: "I've never heard of one of these programs that didn't have enormous cost: overruns," said one Defense Department official t~ho has worked first-hand with some of the spy satellite operations.
than ever before, and doing so despite ever decreasing real purchasing power of budgeted dollars (See Tab I).
13. ALLEGATION: The opportunities for breaking cost and performance commit~£nts are greater in spy satellite programs, this official said, because of the aonosphere of secrecy and narrow channels of accountability in vhich they operate,
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14. AU.EGATION: NRO 'a existence is shielded from senior congressional intelligence overseers.
COMMENT: Not true. Chairmen of Senate and House Anned Services and Appropriations Commit tees are fully apprised at their pleasure. Committee members are briefed at the Chairman ' s desire.
15. ALLEGATION: Former high-ranking staff members of the National Security Council , who were cleared for some of the most sensitive intelligence material to reach the President 's desk, acknowledged in interviews that they had not been informed about it.
COMMENT: There ar e numerous c l eared people on t he NSC Staff. As els ewhere , clearance here is based on a needto-know determination, not on the basis of position alone.
16. ALLI!X;ATION: "This is a black progr am and you're not supposed t o know it exists," said one Pentagon administrator
COMMENT : No way of knowing if the s tatement was made. If so it was an unauthorized s tatement.
17 . ALLEGATION: For the past several years its supervision has nominally been i n the hands of the Under Secretary of the Air Force.
COMMENT: Partially true. Dr. Flax, the Assistant Secretary for R&D was the exception.
18. ALLEGATION : Operattons and procurement have been handled through the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, according to Defense Department sources.
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19. ALLEGATION: Its intelligence products labeled ELINT (for electronic intelligence) and COMINT (for communications intelligence) are parceled out under special code names to the govenuoent "consUJDers"--such as CIA or NSA.
20. ALLEGATION: ·The users may get the product of the secret reconnaissance, such as monitoring of Chinese nuclear tests, or radio transmissions in the Soviet Union, without being told of the collection techniques .. This is known as "compartmentalizing" of intelligence data.
COMMENT:
21. ALLEGATION: Since the inception of the U.S. reconnaissance satellite program in the mid 1950s to 1970 some $10 to $12 billion had been spent on the spy birds, according co an estimate by aviation and space wr i ter Philip J. Klass in his book, "Secret Sentries in Space ." Since then t he outlay may have gro10n by about $5 billion.
COMMENT: summary:
22. ALLEGATI~~: Overhead reconnaissance has proven of enormous value in providing more realistic assessments of such things as Soviet ballistic missile capability, both offensive and defensive. It helped, in fact, to defuse public anxieties over the missile gap in the early 1960s .
23 . ALLEGATION: The most publicized use of the program was t o support President Kennedy's contention that the Soviet Union was installing offensive missiles in Cuba.
COMMENT: Reference here i s to the U-2.
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24. ALLEGATION: The late Allen Ellender (D-La.), former chairman of the Senate Appropri ations Coamittee , was one of the few members of Congress privy to some of government's best -kept intelligence secrets, and rhubards.
COMMENT: Senator Ell~nder was fully brie fed on the NRO .
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!fOUfld ll 1M t&~l w itlvwl hCs < urt"-.Mt1 s~h•~uut"' "' l,)(m)(jo" tw ~.... Ul eri41Cto1J (~te4. ....... , .. , 1"-1:
·our nc:c,otbtou. rou~ f i;'ll't 'i -.1.tlcut 300 of this .. -tapon. \\.' t ~ it dow. eo 1~ "2.S4 1\c'rt. ~ce aftd h('t t ." Whet! o11r people- siC: t1ow.'fl . to at;oliJ~:c ~.;lh tOt ftus'"'"' lht > •:nnw •It a bo1tt 1hr ku, ,iat ,,(t..t.l('~ic ttl~·'· t.o tl'lt t:.!i..lh.at"i the "'''I to nt:,«iate.'"
TM muth lntMII:e-nce tl.u. Its dr2wbacki. socn<' sources s.ay, for it whet~ the Ad~in• ts.tnlion•, •ppcmt. $pc:3;1(1n: ol H~l'\f'V A. )({u!!\~tf. lht PruWcni·s acsviser Oft f).alion· aJ.-sccuritr ~fh•rs. a Ctt>~d official ~ •Hr:ar,'s i.tn· ~tiettt lot' tacu..-
'£$tiM1c~ ta N.,. r orm 111 · \!le bst 1!2f )1c4 Ni:cc.r
tl!d }tr. JCn;s:nJ:Cf bne or· dtc~ a ~"ion "' dtc a.ational inttlli:('ft(e utlnutcJL. wMch t(~ prf"~~ b)' tM C.I.A. aher oonsul'-llion w1th the otlltr in· ttlli&('nct- a:endts.. SnA\Ie on future SovH:t stnvcy h•ve b<t!n ord~t'd udicallr revised: by Mr. Ki~Jnce-r.
'""Our t.no"'1c<l~e ot pre$tnt Sovitc u~bihtits ~l~D~ Kn'lty ,,., olhc:n \o ct1.UCU:~
a ror sosne 11oOn&lntss a.bo\l.t cr.t:dict.in.C: llii1.Uf'l: Sot'itC f"''· icy .. an inf~ WJUt con~ ctd'o$. 1\'l prtUY,l'l.ttd u, JoQ1c d<J"Wl'' she road Wl( l\ the wrnt ecruincy."
•
hll .r the A4:M\Utratlon'a 4\ssatlsfactlool wllll Ill< Ollt· pod •nd O<J••Iutloo Ill th< IQutJip:A« C'O«U'IIIWit)' ICI:f!'l1 f.rom the Prcside:n(·s tWr 1n1mtd .altt •ltd pnt.Sinf bad~ p«~bkms: put comet from che iMe:tl«tu.al ac,uity ol Mr. Xi::u.Jnctr, • eouMrrintel· li#Ucc M~unt In Work W•r II and • lj)<cialist 0< ScMet strate:a ud oa dis· ......... ~~~. .
Ocl th< otlocr !land, lhl Adml:nb.WatJon ftCOJnLI~ tNt it m»Jt Wrt the ~~mt f01 IIOt b&\'inl t OC'T'Ie: lO Jrip! witll lnl<ltiC<Vt ,~ ....... 1.il ao•.
The Pres:i<kct It ulcS to h~vt ldd 4ifff<'ytt:~ u eerUtnia.c Jlftriscty wtu1 all tbt fcdtfi l ~ 1('11i;t-nl't •tmd u do - anc wil~ how lfluC!\ 11'101\t)' IDC. m.Jf\pQW.'('f.
"'lr.-in~ to draw 1tP an orJ;a• tti1.ati~ cturf h • nlcht:n:.~. '' a St'niof t~kJ• rc-ma: tcc:d. ··~o ~r.t pn1c-n sffm-1 h.~ bt '" ('~~~!r. Thlt's p•:t of Ci•~ ptc:bkm. Wb~,·« wir.~s "P t~.t1\nir.t this UUn1. is C1U riy l 94:t& I c hn·~ to he- son~nr "'lth t :.t P R'Stlkm'.l con111tcn« ...
T')e: i!»tll•t crwe uaft~ , , ,.._ 'tlwir O'*t'll prob.f(-4\~\ i .. (~~win: out t~f Wllite HtJt,~"f '~ mo.$t of 09'C'" Lion.. fttctnth' • o •ntc-lli;tncr unit In ~~~ Pent.al'' spconc a Jood dt .tl ol limt n~ ~(fort in~o·eui:llt•na. t .hrn dart· ~. wtul fuf\.Cifon\ tach rn«"m· boer ot Mr. 1\lnln~tr·a I tO.r:u~ ;u.fr ... u J:..pposc<S to pcrlor:n.
Jh\rft$ Said to !tat ' Ui:,fl. ~rces do~e to t.".e Wbit<
Rouse s.ay ch.t t ~lr. :":ixo" 1nd his rorci,n·pOli<-y 11h·is~!~ -~r. J{issinlet ·•n.dl S«rrtillry of State '#t'tlll.am P. ftoten end S«ttluy ot De:!tc.st ).k:kin ll. t,air4-ruptet tU pf"ofts1iontl comportencr oi Mr. Nehnf.. w1\o I$ S 7 and i! the riut urccr M td or the Ctnt.nl 1ottUI, tnce A&enc:r.
AP90lnl.fd by Pn,ilcf\: L,._doa 8. Johr.IO'l\ in Ju~ ls&$, Mr. Helms has bun u~nti.ally t.po!llical. He iJ u:id \0 have bcougM prole,.. s;onal ebility to but io ~~wering tlle prome .. o! t!'!t .attn<.)'. UJMCIIin' 4iK~pliot and di,..uein& it of r..a. ... y trin:e t d .i,lt!H that h.-nt at'OU'Wd criticism in ~ a.ld amonc Chc p.~~c.. HU !tt:a"Mi::'l.l wit..'\ Con;1·us Vt1 amoac \he pr o:u)o(lnats is bi;b.
.:Attotdlnl ... '01\!to -SOUI"CH. Prtdck•t 1\"liOQ.. b<cted 1>y tile (oopasloa&l l<o&nlllp, ..... o, o(fMT. Helms allcled • ialoorill' to c:oordine\ e the .tc:~ of "" . Ww board ..... bon. Itt Is npo<t.-4 \0 bo,.. 4ecllocd.
A lllll« p<Obl<tn. acco<dllll to &hose who know Ot s.ltua~ . . Uoe. 1t lhat wtalle Mf. Hflm~ it \M : Prctlckart rtpres.mla· rive Oft 1M lnttUI&caot -.oard. \Is al<fl<)' ~~J: •bout lO per "et- ioG to $600--mftUon ot 1M •fllnaal i:ntt'Ui;ence- kdlf(. 11 lt~oys a~u J~.,DOO AMttb.ns. p(us a ftw thot.lsand fofri.rMn.
'"'\Vhe111 ,._, M'lt the l uther·
lly ... )'OV ~""' """'"' Ill< tnOu.I'(."C$. .. a M fli« PcnnJOn o(fi<i•l t X!'Ialned. "'>""' t<:>d to w:a l'lc \'tty so(tly... ·
As for tht SU.lc Ocpart~nt. whld\ hu constituuon•l tt• sponsibiti'Y tor c:oMuctinJ: forti~ policy, Jt h.u Jt"Cn it' it'lttlh;:tnce u m ;r.a.dudiy ••hinlc:d awa)"; itl. 1P.t.S it 1:ad ~IOOUI 1.200 tntc:llit~D«: oW·• c:~us uul JIO'-" {I tl.u .1('(). tu UUI\&ll ifttc: ll l&:cnce bud:~t is lf.tnSUiOft. or Oll ptt «nt ot ~Pfft(!in:, (In intd:i&tfl<t. ~t .. C:tatly :\lt. Ro:.<rs Ns C!ircctC'd :\!r. Cline to t01::0c 1 :nort ''i:OO tov:s f-at't at Jntcni;tr.u 8o;td mtttfn;s. a5s.tnin4 the: (t:".ll!1.• mc11t's ""prima()'"' l:t fo:ci'"" policy. and Jpc<ifkaliv in rn. telliccnce coUc:ct!ou Ucs cnlaation.
Mr. Nisort b: ukl to fe"el U'lt' twN 1o stt:'e U:e Q'.."'C~· tlon of uhi."R~~te ludershil' biJI to be wi!lir'll to wait unttl t.\t st~y. he or~cnd is ~<nplo<..S.
Mr. Hdnu's contto1 crtt r $ft. tdJiJtnct .cUVititt. b Jhdir«t and .hi$ powc.rJ a.re <:ircJ:D. S('S'1'btd, He h: In ect.-is« Oft lnttUi:tRa. noc: on ,olic:y. i-lt poinlS out Che Jikclv conelu· sions from policy .tel. but ht dot'S Jl(lt r~r.m'lcnd polk~s Ull-lus speclll~ly •s.bd to br th~ PcHid~t.
Morto1o~r. thl: d!~or, Jil<~ oth_.r L,tcllletnc-e thiefs Ut ~~ T~~:-!1 bun.auc-racy, r."IU$l .. sen'" lliJ produc:t co C&bi· l\et•1tvcJ consumers and &tt ~tdsions.
"'Helm.s hu 'bteA tryinE r.rrfuDy ha~ to ' :.&J out of uoub.!.e.• renurted 1 fvrmer •:~ncy olficiJI w1th Wt.itt H~~ COI'IU.<U. •He's lu:d IJ'.c feelinz: lh• t t..\e C.I.A.
wa: • plan &.hit f'\lcftt tot~ come a lot·•t point or ti'O\Ibk' 1ft t.'*.t AdmiiiJstntMn • M Ills policy .... .... •ory au!ic:Ja.• ·
His u.aoda:n ' J" ftac t~t Ills uwfutneu n an im· pa nilt blttn¢f'"n advbtr
·may "- Joopoo<ll~<d · If th• wn~,~inl btt'fl'ft'D Srntt.arv· U.itd. .aad St'uttJr J. \Y. f'ui. · bri;. .. l (Ofllifllutt, E.lc'h til .) t&kM.~ d4inC Jr4r. tklmS'j St• crt& ttt\Don.y 1.0 ll~oWr.us his a ...
StaRr ol ••• Ttdincp Ja •dtitioe l.'e C.I A lll-V-lt ~ rc,on b tu \AI.l t."lc ~lsuation b Joath to bNr-.a t~;ape!Ct)td J&sc ).U"' when il toW t.M \\1ti~" lieu•.,';.. Su'-C ~f't.lnletlt ud P'f'flt~· &oa ltUl Yictfi;.1JM$t COtr.• munisa had inriiUa\c:d more thU\ iO.OOO • :tenrs il\lo t!\e Soutl1 Vittna~w o., .. c:-n· mc~t. e~<!lnterin& IU .tbilit~· to Jut 1ft<C'l' en ~titan uo'c. v.:lt~C:awa1. n.~ , •• a .,. of the '"·
Lr:l~irm:e <"Omtaunity's rc· SO\IfCU. d11ril'IC \ht MidO::!c U-st trk.i.l taJt ~ur i:!u"'-~tc-s • ~ bo;httift.l IX WI:Jtt ttcow4
Oe J\11'.4 19 Mr. Jlc' <n u;&ed & uur·fitt : ic '\1':'-u ae· c!:;ttcd by tM ti)'P>ians en Jo.:ty 22 • nd by )h(o 1\r;~c: i.s en Au:. I. AU p.llrtiu .t,re-cd t!Ul it \<r()U14 t');' dltet at uti~ni:ht JnaeU time oo t::c s.e:v~nth.
Accor<!ing to J.O\lteu In •=td o.:J! or the inlclli;~nct commvnily, Mr. lto: cn ar:.d his ffi.:•dpat dtput:f 0":\. the cna.ttcr. J01ep'h J . Sisco. As· s i'$l1nt S!<ntl:y for N~at t.as.:.:m a:sli ScM.:m M..tn. ;..:. r~:r s.. • -nt '"'""'~'"' to ("()no ~cr lie ponibility of •i~ J;ztioas. It -.ns DOC un1i1 A=:. 10 or II th~t the first U·2·s tqa-. flyi nc: trom Brit:sh ~St'f at Cyprus.. tY::"l the:~ thect wr.e probi("Cru. Wttt."!r 4elay.-4 ll>e flrrt photop-a~h;< ~~ 'lsrut retl\t"d '!'' . &-::·
li,·itJ~'·co by t.~ Ututcd Su.tC'S-O''e r her urrl(ory.
The c!da,yt. pMr~illed t,...c £~lb.JI' ttl (OrlhA~ b\t!'O· duc4ns II'L4f-ilC ha.tttrics il\~< lbe w.ndsl ill an & a.f\u Uit ,.....tltat. WurLuinc lsr-a~L Ultuunin& the ('t.u~··fire u.S ctn.blrTnM.n& th• ~~le House.
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:
MonWslra11oo ~-.'••oty WO<dla&tlo• prior ..
the aWtn-. Son:.ay ,.,id , 4e f'IAkrrauH tM Mrtil\lstF1• doL Theft h C-vidf'ft«' tlq(
IN Cl.A,_ " Mr. l!tlm.-, dt rerUoa. •vnt\M-d 4ht PtnCl· I® wit,h ~ inffti'WIUio:oa 1: l.ad OG Hotfft. VidiUIII dUrift$ ~ Cltfy ptJMifiiC tU~s la-.1 tUmmtt. ltowt\'tt. d\t PtnU· JOG took owr lhc 'PI:a.nntna W'Jut • .nt 'W1'0f.J b still ' 111)'1Ctry.
ftllpW J"~'~'· lptela.Jilu b h.t:, Ull • frord: ptott(&ion co ,ojlcT. tftternu.
le ore d11.,. 01'1 J~a. l3. Jt&S. Ptesident JohnSIW\, 1ras nn~ttAtd tet tco~m that Ute: U.S.S. Pvd>lo. u elutroo~ itttllicrnu •hir ratmn:t vital Ulde-brc:•kinc dt,•k·u: had bem. Mll.td )v North Korun '"'"' lotU. lfis. V.ut~t<i.Ut" tU.C'Li"ft a.·a' (& c.t(cr n . • ll• cit o::'l !fot1h KMu •~ It !Or lh~ !'t-i,.
('J.A. UUIY"U .a the Whitf' No~o~tc: a-it":.uoa tQQtrl w<~~m~d llUn th:at tM NortJt Kn«" us h•cl 4~ j<ou '"" I$ tUtt.a<~l&o t it ft\iuilt .b~ncti~s. Tt'ltv ahQ «'~Mf'd lh•c a :\or:" korun HoJdc-u t ;c..,, iotrr«~fd in4f· a tt'd lh&\ ll'.c I'Uf'blo h~d bc<n Riu·.d 2J mi!u oa Oa <'~»at .
Wull thai lnformui.,·n. ~.1r. Johnton d«it('d J t .IUl )l th ri1k ot a S«ond •·J,. on tt.eAsb" m<Jinland a:~d t t)Ok tbe i:ssue ol .. pin.<y OA the hi,.":\ t.r:H .. to the Unn'!'d S .atfons • ·
.. It\ lhe mi.s1 tl~ Jl!'t' . c~ 't~1! Nn;crouJ cntrn~ of t!\t Cni:C'c! St.atet b .an unlnfl)fmtd Ptc:s· i:Sut.""' Bronalty Smith, a lor. mff White lCouu ~~c. YI'TOC~ I'IOC ltln: ItO.
A Pnsic!nt. or cou-!'1~. may choose ro vwo ~ i.ctdJ iztcc~ ft'SOUttH at his c:o:n:n.r.ni, oe tiOf. Wh.atewr the c.ho!cc. t.~r an subsUr~otill
1ht CJ.A b ~ •ttnt~l"" trm. cre.at(\{ und.:r the: !-/, . li.Qn.-l S~:uri:r A.q d (O.J7 lo cOOrdcnate au .,"c'~•' in· leiJiltfl<'t acUvitiM a nd to .utnnow for · thP Ptu idtl\l btt~1 litf'1'1Ct, frorr. who~trvtl IOV~t. ttftct!nt •tl!io.no~ l se· tority. As its hco~1 Mr. tie!-ms fs 1ht sen."'r ll'ltt~iltMt ld· Y'is<r to tht Pu~sider.t .and COIIttUs. .
lhe l~tMy C:U c:ondu« U • plon•u an)-w~rt ouUidt the Uaitcd Sla!t'S, h t.u r:o po'21.·· t[s M lt!t$-1 ::111d int:uo:J • C;;ot: bat <GOI>fr-Jt t .i WtC) \t;( ~f"«rtl 8vrtJIU ol )1\\'tUig~· uoo.
Con1R1J. W cii'OO'Wf·~ 1M .,_,. .. ,m- ....... kn of '"tMIIO:I c:oc.cd1\• ttt othtt ~ruchft ,.,r tovtm· ftlfftt .... C-'*""1 ~ \M ~h· doNI ~thy cnuaca. nac 11 ttl Ch&rttY ror .. CO\'trt ac-· tiocts•: n"'"' u..r. .,,... w S<><Ooc ~... ,_ usa 10 1~?:. fttl')"in~ •Jt"U In l~ o"r or ~n.ern)'·~ arus or Soulhcut Nb: otJll'ltintU"Jin'"'& •M su.pplJinJ 2S.ooet •~d-<:om~nundl: )tto ~ men an Llot. · ·here P'lt'Sidt:ll Jo~ r. Km"M4r oukte4. h
. llilt$1. . DtUI. ~mil. (Qffflle'( Sfmotlt)'
or Sr.aH. -m~ tft~ hk-n4c •oirv tr~ts tom •bout s ~~ Cltl't o( IM CJ...A..•s ....ork-aad we baY~ t ... a conii'Ol ~ &ty trictu.•
~ Pr'QpDUb f~~r ('OYf1t l d-J : come ' rom '"" \Y)iu ~.
1M $Ute. Dtf't Me or Justkt th:oartmenl »d. from a~:~h2"" udors tnd mlliuty t<Jmn~Lnd.-
. ns ..,~u.. AU mw.t t\~ tu~lly ~ a;ptO'Vtd by a. tiUle· tnC'wn \~.itt Uocs.t ~;,nt-1 wboM ilt~~JiiM Js ptriod~· dy ,..,.il:c:btd lor <'0\'tr pr~r· p:l:StS.
Known U pru~nt u t"'" F('rty Coi'1r.1Ult'f, for tiu: av.nbtr of the me-~ co-nsliu:.t· tn.c; it k cor.Ji1U or :0.1r. Hclm.s, AltOtll~ty Gtntr,-1 Jo~.:'l H . Mitchell. l>cp~tly Ocftn~c S«tt• U IY ~vid P' <b:4.. } ;r. Kis· &it:t;cr .aad U. Akxu Jollr~.o:n., ur.~n Se:cn~'r ~f Sutt fer l'ol!tlul A!lltn. tc an Jtl~'l!
oo • Ff'GpOMI it fG6 focwant· it aQt dw PtuWC!!It d;:~t$.
On ~t O'l'r:'t sid.t L'".e C.I.A. enpkro~s w •rn1 "-"?o~"" $0. c-=.al ~rr, p)ysk• l Ki:t.nl!1.\.." 'o SC~)' tf'.: 1\ocd of r.-.:~:t:\3" ti;1n prnuiBJ in ~aily-h•:r tto:r. G-pt"l IOUrtd, a third fro:n U1• tUitn a.M ul~ aM 1~ to 1$ ptt ctol ft.:l:l' sp(('$..
111.t G-t~~r IJend~ ftO~bt~ ~'c at \he "Pu~ta:on. t>.tvf
.k u dt¥t.lo~ t~l..:alion (a. <iJ:ti-4::1 beat : ... , c~·:er co! tt· liOfl tools. 'n. PtnUlOCI is auL'\o:1z.~ to ·,I'll:. its own !;uu a.b>~d dttr clunnu (tO~ tbt C l.A. ):r. Kdms. ii s.akl to ~·c lit11e. coeLtol ovtr lu activi.tic.s.
11M! Adrniftlmat.ioa hu abo betft cmNrr~utd bT rtttr.l di:.~Sosuni 1l'lll Ar.ny inteC~ :enn, usi~ntd by t!le Johnson Adtnini$tru!od to Sti'Y oa clvJ· qAt durin& c.MI 4ist\lrbu :en s"tCin~ bt the summct ol 191t/. · 'firtu~uy un ,.; ld tnd by ~tt 1969 tu.d ftd 18.000 n.amu tr.;.o its c,o.:np.Mu,. doukrs :and filn
l'fCIUICJ ll'tt . t >c .... ~ , • .,., .,.,
lattllliuct a .. rd lu4 ti\Y e:o:.· -- tllil ~ (!)Cirtllrespl~t. It wu an a:ampote of om"~tTl stiffs .U.J uc:es.sJ¥t fadli:ii..S W\dc-r .... lillk ~ ""'""'" Th1 hntapn•J DeftnH 1n~
t<ll.,_ ~oauqo lots • "•" o1 ,l.OOO ud: spmd& S$0r:).r~inlo~ Y'Ufb'-t.s mutt. n chr CJ.A.to co1Jed and 1v.luate:tnte;ic 1D1tWe;eoct. .
lt wa Alr f'otct: PlAnts to ftiMlt« fonip audtu CoHU lnd <Oiect llt .wnp!es. lU NJtkloaJ S«vrhy A;e:ncr ••
. Fon ~t&doe.. kU t.&IUmorf', · qnd• Sl-l>lllloo yoarly tt>d tmploy> ,..U\1 IOl.COO cr;~<· a.tWysu •IMI aa~i"l auu to c:a.c.t codn .~ uvts.cSro~ oa ~ COCIU':'I\dcatiou. Its N•lioftal ~eeo•uiu:tn.:e or~~• s;pcruls aiiOtJ.tt Sl·bil:.lo:"' ye:arlv ff!rinc f'ftOG6liu.ance alrpbnc-1 •tad torc.in:l: Ot t.'nloi:.!.o.t t.'v u bdtCCn chat noNnUy dtch U't: urtt\ ~~ photo;nph ~n~
tcnr ttrn&t W.h ill\oCI"tdi:,Je a«-tr.1...i' trora S 30 t\i~~ &~o. ·
n.c mutes ot t~ h t'JJ.ckl\.t't cominr; m~ru::c:nM~t survty cm.ain to be sra ot co:.tt~. b:."t Surrtuy t.ainl h)s: alo"<'ldY or6ttd G~•rnl k"lnttt to n pott to t-.im b:t,to!~ r.t to t:.c JoinC Chi<h of S:a11~ MOI"f''\'('l , '-" Auist.u.t Stt.rtury of Dt· ft.tut. Jto!>tn r. f:c~~..lk!, k ~X'Pt<t~d in ti:ne t'l u ;.c '! a!l th Ptr.Ll~o:'I'J musi,·t iAr-~1· 1igtnct tut!lillf'of}' vn~tr- h~~ CtWKt"'O nd to •it in at; *t entJIJ0.'1's mztr. re,,urn:~· tivt .u Mr. Ktlms"' '4' !!idy mntin: of 0\( J;,W"IIi;tan ll<unl.
) fu r intrlli,.o:::-.ce r!'W"II to~· eede (~to- ned r~r .. trimon~t-2 the fn. • tig~ttninJ u, (Q..O;,i. W d OJI. m&Jd"f. inldJi;n~( ft'Kitt respon)i\'t to ~ f«· mubtion .• o't (Ot'~;;:~ J)Qlity. Scrnt. C:lt&::IJ I IXCf'SSivt Stu!!· i~s s!nct Wotld War 0 . '{t h.:~c ch&n;e ~ • li.'JUr• in1 attd UmPftina.. ..
Otht n ftel lh•t 1n '"":n house• tt-Otr.l t\iutton. u tisli:'.ct f rvm u ouui~ pa:rtl l'~dc-d with politksll~ p!W• inr..t but su'hltAntiwly ind• f«tfvt Jl't1)plt • .,,y do lO"'d tnd IWJ' •~n.;t.htn Nt. Htlms"r; tuidar.c: t of 1t..'le ;n. ~:Jietn<t eoc~Ununi'ty. · W)lat~ tne cutco"'~•
maay Cln!(t" t.Qf1"b rt:ard Li~ Ur.it•d sut( J J)'S: !'!n u sam rnulttdly S:.Op.tfior to its orixi· p.al rl\•als in :he Soviet l:ni~:t.
Oot oUicial IJ.~C'd hi$ r~ .ao;tiC:'I 10 t.\e ~r:'l i:t; s~. c:ua:.cd Cudlnat Mau.ry. a~ ttl.h·c:t·ntury French prel1:e • ho "' u ~!cct~<l to e-.~ AC'adtrn:e h-JC l"e:n td\.-s..~ Ctfl4i'n <lt;nitit'S he eo:ui.:!cn t.is dut.
""Whtn J loolc d "'"'-t':t t tm *Xhkl~. ~ C..."di'i..tJ ~· ~rltd, ~~ wh n. J too~ ' t Ole others I a !Ito crut.. •
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.. New York Times. Magazine 18 April 1971
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TA:se r~~o:1:~!Htle:s eH·~tl cr.: :·. t~r..:: ~c.T..:-:-..:S :cr Jll.-.. .:.s ; ::c:r c.c!:nt:,;~.~!:$ t3 a ~tc:y l!: t~; tl::nt:.t ht..-.::~l: Xe ~d 1t~,~, M: •:,-; b r.."t :.1·.:rr.:1l '!ucG-!'.:ti.""::; (.venit 3 · his ~.!~'1 m:.t:;. \';?.!i:::--..s C{ll~ :·:. A! a:- ccC.:.::a.ih: :.r.~ C.:.ll';.!H.: G-::: :-.h:.a .. t !l-! t::! '!r !-=.Qi:i c:-c.·::"!~; !!';•..:J .~ ( :-l~.~:t w.r-.izn u:·ts fe~ s:;::t~ =-~:-: '·
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~ne~ttrUts policy: ;. t~=t cneG, ~.oc tof1Ce •at~ Hcfe:u .. iu.Jt fo Aam!v Jowlt.• Hut, .&c iJ nu, Itt lcJt, crf q m:Jf·i.15 witd He.vy Xinlnsu~ Scueto:y of StG !~ T:o£:.11, 1.\,, Nixcn,, Satclcry ol D:l<t'l·: Loi:J. c;d IIJm. Thome~ 1-.. ~otu,. f;~e cho;uncn •I 1At loin I C bieJ. ol Slcll . .
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lrll~lizenee a n4 ~es~rc.h (I.N.R.): th• Ato:nlc £o~rzy Co.ll'lT.'tln .ion ( A.E.C .); t::.l Ft~· cr~J 'Cureau d !n•::,! i .. c.:i,n (F.Iil) or.d the Noua,.;l s.. cutity A,eney (:'I.S .. A.} ,.,.:,teA r.2.vrsdro?S flecuc.:~ic:llJy O':'l torei:;n ;o\·~mmc:nt br(l~tkul <Omtn un i<.: t iOftS.
Jn 4do:lition. c..~t 1nte:~ i~enct r.oa.rd c:.-!'rd :n: ~ V4t%\.'.:l)' c!: • fin«! :!tp-parMtal n:r-:ni.;:on owr lhc Nfttion:lt ~:::o:tncis· S!lllC:e l'ro;;r::~m. · whlt}l rul"'S t~ sr,...ift .. t~•3cy u:-:!li!~-i. :.nd •tt.c N~:i~nol Pi'. :. : -:~ In· C~tjtr .:t,:: t ie-n C~nh~r i:t Yl~:h· il"t lon, whi;!l ~:u ·.!:~s t:: : ~.:z: :: , ~ ,·.,. ... ... :-.;· '-~ .:.: ; ..... ~ t.:;: : j
ovcr~o..·t~d peliod!e~Uy by t.~e orb.:tln:; m~:~!:c:s ~.-:-1 c.oJ~ ~ted i:1 mid-.-:: b] hi~.IY· t :"t.l;-. ::i ~\!: Fcru c;::;-;.J.. .
Th: i;,t :::i:;enet · cc:i'l:mml· ty's size c.nd s~!r.c!i;:s :-;e, 0: c.ours~. s.:<~=u. b~t cc-:o.r-~!~nl :lutl\:):ities !<:y tr.e C.I.A t't:'\·
pl1>ys .n.~ut l :i.t ~:> A:n~rkar.s.. phiS J~r~t t :~c:us~n.:! t .:: ciJft ~:~r.ts. z ::..:J s;:!"'~~ s!!;~t:y J~u t.'t::' :::;(. )..:"'l illl :>:\ y<:·:: ~ ly. Sy co~:.r.:ls~ accore.::>,:. co Fto~tll f . Froc:ll~~e • .".S.Sis:::.nt s .:-u!:;,l)· G! c~rt:u! tor ,, f!. minl>tr~ttor:, t:.t D:.·:e:a.:- 1:'1~ t d!,;_!!:-..=c .l. _:::.:y s;:. ~::.~J :;:?.9· b; : : : ~:'\ y~.: ri;·. l:s c-; .:.:-<r.:c:<· :.: ~ : ; $ . .1 • ... : ! c:: : :~ : ·~-:- ~ ~": .. "
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B'\lthnore $;.tndl rno:e lllan $1~b:~ion 0: lhis :and em:ptoys 1 J o.c.:o ~co ;:(!n:. n-.: i:tt~ft!~., p:o:um, In ,.,:u_-:.~ ~~~ C.I.A. hu a vol~t b\:.t r.~ -=~ntrol . is ~:~ to s;:. :.n<1 at Jc-2sc :;sco. ml:;;on : ye'lr.
In his ro:C :.:o 0!:-~c::or of C<::'!trat lntcJ!i:;.;ac: , H!l:\'\ ' m•r;,s be co:-.Jt ::.~u;; prc,:.lrcd t D :ivc t~.e r.-u::!~:.~ e:~ $:1'!Jtt r.t;!icc, t~t .. ~ l.=:c:i~ i.·.!:-r;:o:::.:!oit <:on w;~~t's r.:3ll)' h!'l ~.,~nin,"' i!' sc<h m: :.tca : s ~viet~ill· r.:~ t-:~>b:-.s, Sov::: n.1v~l ~ctiviH .. ~ in t::..: C: rib;l.c3n .lnU :.rru:s !~:li~:11.:" "..i IO l~IC n:i::~nt ,\:'~!) s:::.:s. Ar.:b :":'!:>·: : s ~~-~;;,Jt 1:;:.,-::. C:·.:~ :-·,
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.· .. 10 Dec 7)
Statep.mt on Total MRP FundW (lW.lloa I)
Since F! 1966, the NAP baa not onlJr eta;red vithin appropriated tunda each !'isoal 7'!U, but baa vo1ooteered or accepted eignilicant NducUons in relation to the Pns1d4nt•a &dget. 'l'bi.e 111 show bT the t'ollovi.Dg tabulation: '
n 1967
FI 1968
F! 1969
F! 1970
Ft 1971
Ft 1972
Ft 197)
FI 1'114
Totals
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SENATE { ;•
... .. .. . QUEST!OSS RELATED TO' SECRET AND CONFCDEI\Tl.AL
DOCmlE.''TS
Oon•u U. 1173.~ 10-.. prlokd
REPORT of tbe
SPECI AL 00)1 Ml'l'TF.:E TQ STt:DY Ql:ESTIONS RELATED TO SECR&T ,\:o<D CO!<FIDE.."'TIAL <:OVER~~IEXT I)()(:UMENTS
In a<:<OI'\Ionce with the pr o,'i<ions of S. R.._ 13, the Sp.d•l Com· miuee to Studr Qut.<~ion• Rel•tod to SecrN l.lld Coolidenti•l Doe,.. ru4!nts 5ubo\iB the !o11o't\i.ng repon and l"f'(;()mtnt'ndt.tioru.
n.e Comrniuce wa." .id("([ in it ~ "'()rk by the Lcg\$l•th·e Rtft.l'\'oee ~rdce o( th~ l..ibr-.n· or Cong-r01:1$ and \l.~he-& to ( (Jfl\COCI\d )l r. Rob<rt Louck and \Jr. Ddnd S.l• of that " "ice for their tontribution-J.
1'1ti3 ft'porl eo\'~N quf's tions relating to (1) a('C't-No to C'l~t.~i.fied inforrustion b< ).len•b<n~ ol (.'ongr<o4, (2) let:-f riehts of an indlridual Senator \\;lh f.t.:;.pcoct tv c;b.s..Yfi~d doc~.arncnt~ in lti.s po5-i('S...qon, (3) lft:&l righ ~ o( • ~ni.tt Committ.-c ~ith rc$~t to clus.i.tied •locunwnt.s in it:> ~OR, (-I) Jegal righB of inrlindu&l llU'n\~N with rH po«t. to do..:umc:nl$ on iu£orn111ion ~et'h·cd (rom fort'iJt' t rni:'..-qrit-t, (5) the decl~6ctuion of Uoc.umenu in t-he ~on of en indh;dual me>llbor, (G) peoclin~ bill. aJ>d propo$al< for Con(f'f'»'ional moc:hiDery 10 o'e~ das::;U~e(l tnfom~tion mntleN • nd (7) n<:ommendatloM b"r the Committee. ·
I. Accrss TO CL\~Jnt:D lsroiUtATIOX BY '-fEliBEBS o~ Co.s'ORESS
The F reedom ol lnlorm~t ion Aet (FOil), Pub. L. $HS7, 80 Stat . 250, 5 U..S.C. 552, oo,.ntlin~r the Adm;oiotn tin Procedu.rt A<t (5 U.S.C. 6.>1, •t .. q.), onuoc~ates • poliel' ol public disclosure ood atte-iS to infonn11tion c<'nf'roted by Ftderaf ·~•M!it'S.
B<ginuini< with th~ aoo~ problem in the <ootut ollh< F....Oom o( ln!ormmtion At:t·, the (U'$t two (lUt~tions •n : (1) What llin.ilattons art pro,•id<d b..- the Act on public d<..dosuro ol classified in.lom>otion? and, (2) do tli ... llinital iotl3 apply to }le111bors ond ->Dut<ee< ol C<>ngre<o?
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18 . lbol d.,.;,.ioo milb~ bne beeo." The C<>mmi~We IIJGIOI& lbol lbe maebicwy be oel up for qu .. tlotili>J In aa ordat.r IIIACD.et th .... U<JCUtl ... .t.eioiooo ~ elauih for rea ..... « Natior\al aecuri\)", a.nd wo urp lbe Goftmmont ~lions Commilteo 10 f" ~ly eom· oideratioa 10 bilb ,..,. peacliar bel ore il ond dixan w h...U. desilrntd 10 OOC<)Itlpliob this objoctin. We make 110 delUioclenlualiOCl ol ,,..., b~Js, leo ring lbol 10 tho judgment ol lbo subot&llliYO coiDIIlittet but urp IbM o eomplet& oV<rha.ul of tht clow6ealioo. oplem bt uodtr· ~en at tho ...Ueet J>OS<iblo time. .
11. Tho question of proc:Mures £o bt follo....t by o manber who has •..aBed clocumento ia llis · prior 10 bil clioc:looo.l.-. ol lb- documtl>la, wU cWoiOSod ~~..vue.. n.. Commiuoo -.,mends 1 iadi-ridaal mmbtrs no bon ouch clocumonts al>d rioh to clisd- them, COQSU]t wilb the S...ot& Ethics Cotnmittee prior to ouch diod0011re.
The Commitliee wishts to make II clear ~hat ollbo.,P il rtee>m· .,...,ds eoosultation wilb tho .Etblet Commiltft, oDy deknrUDolioo by the Ethics Coaunitlft would nol bt hiDdinc oo lbe .., .......... The ~asoo foe lht _.......,d.a tioo of OOIIS>IIItaLioo. • 10 peimit a mornber the opportunity o( em;, the additioaal thinki"' al>d preoocleots available 10 him bel ore moking "' fiool deeisio<l rtplding discl .. ure.
Ill. AL the ~uost ol S.nowr Cranston, lbe COullnittee diseu....t providin~ tho S.Do~ tl•• O'l"trall oumo ~uost<d for each sep•rott •nt<ll~ence •$0••1· The reluse of such sums ....,.ld pro..ide members with ll1e tnin•mal mforrnttion lbey tbo~Yld he:n abou\.our i.ntdli~ne:,e oporotioos. Such inloro•ation ,.ould olso end the proc!ice of inJiotinc ocrhio bu~t 6e:ures so a.s to hide in~Uigts\« eoits, deS would i,n... sun thA1 all n1embu :s will knotr tbe t.rue eosL o[ uc,h budg~t- itt R1 th~y mu!'C. vote upon •
.Accordiuglr, the Commit to< r«:ommcnds that tho App«>priotion> Comnutte• ittrui7.e iD the O.lell!l< Department Ap~ropriotiono bill the tot&l SUt111 proi)OMd to be appro_pri~o-ted Cor intelhgeD~ ect.ivititi by f'aeb or . the folJocing eg~od~: Ccoo.trtl l~t1elligtoce ~ney. n ... fense lntfllivnce J.c<ncr, Nati<>Dol S..:urih· ~Dey, Nu ional R .. c.onnaiua.nee Office •nd &D.f stpRrAte intelfi~nce ul\iu witbiA tbt Arm v, NaT"y, and Air Foree. Tbe Commic.k'edOH not req_ttest that a.ny liDo it<ms be re~eoled. ·
The Comtuitt.ee also ueommcnds tb:1t lhe corumaLM reports i.ndi· au tb• loll] number ol pusonnel 10 be emploYed by each of tho above '&tD.cies. The Committee does Dol. rtq.ut:J.t. &D)' i.oform&tioo about thfir duties.
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.. •FFI<. OF .
SENATOR WILLIA].\J PROXMIRE · .
• WISCO~SI:
.· . . . i'93 I\£LU:M AM'£R 6:30 P.M. SATliltiiAY, DECl>l13ER 1, 1973 Fa! Sut'DIIY A~!s •
. Sen. Wllllam l'fox..Ue (D-IIia,) tn a statement from hia \101Dhinston office . .
Batllr<lay •a14 he ha<i vt"ttten t he ChairlDan of the Anoed Snvites Coa:littee suuesting
t;f>at "a 1~u ible conflict of 1.1\teru t malcu it essential that the Coaznit~e" ·
~4uct an f.n depth ruccminat1on o f Jamu w. Pl11111111er before accepting his nom1not1on ,. •• Under Secretary "f the Air Foree. i
"As Under Seeret:trY nf the Alr Force, Mr. Pllillrne.r. will be mona&illg many
\>l'>gl"alll3 he pre.vi.,usly worked on at !Aekhced Aircraft Corporation ," the Senator >
td. ,.
' "llecau«e of his unique baekt;round, his responsibiUties a• Under Secretary
Jboutd b~ examln~d in zreat detail. There is 1 strong possibil1ty .of a oubstont i~l
e?nfliet ?f i nteres t in t h is nOQ!nation.
'~ithout prejud&int the ease or the information to be developed 1n the 1\
c?nftrmati~n.h~oring , extreme care ~sc: be taken in revievins th~ officio~
ru~nslbil.lties ?f Hr. Plucmer as Under Secretary. Ncmnally, tb<!: Under Secretary
?.f the Air Foree ~~ jurisdiction oyer eertaJn lntelllsence matters and s its ~n
~ apeelal co~ittee that directs ~nned and ~ned overhead reconnaissance
lneluding spy satellite
' programs. These critical projects ~ave run into the
l!UH.,ns '>f dolt.rs --- money that flows to de fense contractors such as Lockheed .'
. ''The Under Seeretary·deslgT~ate is nne of the f ore<>Os t experc:s on sate l l! t e
.. ,ehmbgy in the <:ountry. Sir.ee his first emplo~,.ant vith Lockheed ·llircraft
C~ri>Orat.i'.ln . 1" 1955, he has .provided 111anag<rill and techni<:.tl support to a suias
c.f • atell1te progra~ th~t ~ve~een used by t he inte l l tsenee community.
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• • "AA Vlce heddent of LOekheed Aircraft Corp<~ratf<.~ ud General Molnager .
•f tM s,.ce Syat.,._, Dlvieioll, and as • Lockheed iaan for OYer c:venty year•
~labt U;> until hu app<~lnboeat •• bead of tha very egezu:y th.t v<>uld buy from . .
L'!ekhaed there u a Serb,.. pouib1Hty" of a conflict of interest. B.aoed oc •
' . ~b:lna L:)ckheed an unliJ<ely to vork.
"I .., vritlns to s ...... tor John Stunt.<. t-he Ch.rtr-n of the A"'"ed Semces
e-lttee,. to ask tha t c:4 r•.ful ci'C$Ikr,Uon f.. 4r(,.... r .. d>u ut>mJ.n1tllm In \'1ev . .
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FY-72 PROGRAM
TOTAL PROGRAM
(Total Obligations)
lOO.ot
_) .. <
1'6P 9BCRI!'f{SBfSiflYE
FY- 7 3 PROGRAM
'OTAL PROGRAM
Total Obligations)
. .
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300
250
200
'" Si!:CRE I
COMPAR l SON - THEN VE AR APPROPR IATED
VS . FY ! 96411 CONS T ANT DOLLARS
THEN YEAR DOLLARS AR E
IN TERMS OF NET A PPROPRIATIONS
