Lomonosov Moscow State University

Actual topics for collaboration on Physics and Chemistry of Advanced Materials

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Topics:

Advanced carbon materials for modern applicationsProfessor A. Obraztsov, Physics Department

Materials for energy storage and conversionProfessor E. Antipov, Chemistry Department

Organic photovoltaicsProfessor D.Paraschuk, Physics Department

New technology of HT-supercondactors productionProfessor A. Kaul, Chemistry Department

Novel thermoelectric materialsProfessor A.Shevelkov, Chemistry Department

Others topics could be considered as well!

Metal plate with holes

substrate

anode

plasmacathode

Carbon nanotube forest production by CVDCarbon nanotube forest production by CVD

Remote plasma allows usage non-conductive (dielectric) materials for substrate and reduce substrate temperature.

[R.R. Ismagilov et al., Nano ACS, submitted]Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Non-catalytical production of carbon nanotubesNon-catalytical production of carbon nanotubes

Traditional catalytical CNT growthTraditional catalytical CNT growth

““Catalyst free” growth of CNTCatalyst free” growth of CNT

[R.R. Ismagilov et al., Nano ACS, submitted]Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Mesoporous Nano-Graphite FilmsMesoporous Nano-Graphite Films

A.N. Obraztsov et al.,Diamond and Rel. Mat. 8(199)814Carbon 46(2008)963

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

AFM image of graphite film on Ni

Graphite CVD films on Ni contain atomically flat

regions and net of wrinkles. Typical height of the wrinkles

is about 30 nm.

Graphite films of nanometer thicknessGraphite films of nanometer thickness

STM image of graphite film on Ni

[A.N. Obraztsov et al., Carbon 45(2007)2017]Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Field Effect Transistor of CVD Graphite FilmField Effect Transistor of CVD Graphite Film

19

8

2

3

4

FET device made with graphene flakes pilled out from CVD graphite film.

-2,0 -1,8 -1,6 -1,4

1,0x10-5

1,5x10-5

mob(hole)=2830 cm2/V*sec

mob(electron)=2180cm2/V*sec

6 probes

hole 3,5*10-5

electron 2,7*10-5

4 probes

hole 1,3*10-5

electron 10 -5

Vtg, V

Co

nd

uct

anc

e, S

4 and 6 probe measurement at Room temperatureSiO2 – bottom gate (15)Al2O3 – top gate (2)Source-drain contact (3,4,8,19): 5 nm Ti & 50 nm Au

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

New materials for Li batteries

Li batteries – the most efficient energy storage devices

Design and testing of new cathode materials based on mixed transition metal compounds with polyanions:fluorophosphates and borates

Motivation:1)higher ionicity of the M-F bond (as compared to the M-O one) and “inductive effect” of the (MOn)m- polyanions with strong M-O bonds is expected to enhance the potential of the corresponding Mn/Mn+1 redox couple

2)twice larger amount of F is needed to achieve the same valence for transition metal larger free unit cell volume faster lithium migration

Materials for batteries with higher energy and power densities

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

LiLi22CoPOCoPO44F: perspective high-voltage cathode materialF: perspective high-voltage cathode material

a

cb

a

bc

- Li1 - Li2 - Li3

2 migration pathways

Capacity vs. voltage: from potentiostatic stepmeasurements between 4.2 V and variable anodic potentials.

Upper limit of electrolyte

The slope of the capacity-voltage dependence 0.7 V per 1Li mole (like in LiCoO2)

+ 3.5% volume expansion (0.6 Li removal)in contrast to 7% volume contraction in olivine

“Solid solution” behavior

High potential range

Cathode material for high energy and power densities batteries

1) Patent: “New Alkali Transition Metal Fluorophosphate” International Publication Number WO 2010/023129 A2, 2010, 2) Structural transformation of Li2CoPO4F upon Li-deintercalation / JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES 196 (2011) 355-360

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Third generation organic and hybrid photovoltaics:thin, flexible, cheap, and efficient

Electrodes Fullerene

Flexible substrate Protective layer

Polymer Light

Polymer-fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells

100 nm

Active area 13 mm2 Efficiency 4% @ AM1.5 Active area ~1 cm2

Efficiency ~1% @ AM1.5Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Novel nanomaterials for third generation photovoltaics

• Donor-acceptor charge-transfer complexes of conjugated polymers, highly photostable

• Exohedral metallocomplexes of fullerenes

for higher photovoltage

• Low-bandgap polymers for

higher photocurrent

• For dye-sensitized solar cells: low-temperature TiO2 processing, Ru-free dyes,

soft-solid electrolyte

The goals: - towards 10% efficiency - to scale by wet roll-to-roll technology

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Second generation (2G) HTSC coated conductor architecture

1. Biaxially textured metal tape obtained by cold rolling & annealing2. Oxide buffer layer epitaxially grown on textured tape

3. Epitaxial superconducting layer of YBa2Cu3O7-δ

4. Protecting layer of normal metals ( Ag + Cu)

~100 μm

~ 1 μm

The realized conception of the material is based on the texture transfer from metal tape (textured substrate) to superconducting layer via the buffer layer

The technology is based on Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) of buffer and superconducting layers. - high deposition rate

- high superconducting properties of HTSC layers

- easy way to introduce nanosized inclusions for increasing superconducting current in high external magnetic field

- low process price compared to high vacuum deposition technologies

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Home made МОСVD equipment

At home synthesized volatile precursors

-Non-toxic

-May be produced in industrial scale at moderate price

Me(thd)3

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Modern concept: Phonon Glass, Electron Crystal (PGEC)

New Ideas for Better TE Materials

Basic idea: Almost independent optimization of charge carrier transport and phonon

transport due to the spatial separation of structural elements

Phonon engineering !

New objects1. Nanocage and nanoblock compounds 2. Nanocomposites3. Superlattices and Nanostructures

1

2 A.V. Shevelkov, Russ. Chem. Rev. 2008, 77, 1–19A.V. Shevelkov, et al. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 2476–2483 A.V. Shevelkov, et al. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 3720–3730

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

Prove of the concept:Extremely low thermal conductivity:

lowest for narrow-gap semiconductors

Recent Achievements in TE EngineeringNanocage inorganic clathrates

Covalent framework: efficient transport of charge carriers Guest “rattling”: rejection of heat-carrying phonons

High thermoelectric efficiencyZT = S2T/

(dimensionless)

Already promising properties: 1. ZT0.6 at 650 K for automotive applications2. ZT0.4 at 1100 K coupled to utmost chemical and thermal stability for

solar energy conversion3. Almost 3-time growth of ZT at 300 K with nanocomposites formation are new

routes to better ZT possible?A.V. Shevelkov, et al. Solid State Sci. 2007, 9, 664–671 A.V. Shevelkov, et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 5414–5422.A.V. Shevelkov, et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 12582–12589

Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityActual topics for PCAM collaboration

PCAM-MSU:Looking forward for fruitful collaboration!