Local Drug Use Trends 2011Local Drug Use Trends 2011& What We Can Do& What We Can Do

D. Scott Kelly MA,CAADC,CRPSD. Scott Kelly MA,CAADC,CRPSCo-Founder & Executive DirectorCo-Founder & Executive Director

Bay Area Substance Education Services, Inc. Bay Area Substance Education Services, Inc. (BASES)(BASES)

208 W Lincoln, Charlevoix, MI 49720208 W Lincoln, Charlevoix, MI 49720(231) 547-1144(231) 547-1144

www.BASESTeenCenter.orgwww.BASESTeenCenter.orgscott@basesteencenter.orgscott@basesteencenter.org

Local Trends in 2011Local Trends in 2011

After all this time…After all this time…

Alcohol still most widely Alcohol still most widely used locallyused locally

Marijuana is on the riseMarijuana is on the rise

Tobacco is still a concernTobacco is still a concern

Opiates & prescription Opiates & prescription pills are on the risepills are on the rise

Heroin and needle use on Heroin and needle use on the risethe rise

A New Development on Teen Alcohol UseA New Development on Teen Alcohol Usehttp://www.clickondetroit.com/video/29237120/index.html

New and unusual…New and unusual…

Called “designer” or Called “designer” or “club” drugs 10-20 years “club” drugs 10-20 years ago, now called ago, now called syntheticssynthetics

Synthetic cannabinoids – Synthetic cannabinoids – round two this yearround two this year

Synthetic stimulantsSynthetic stimulants

Over the counters, Over the counters, herbals, strange and herbals, strange and unusual concoctionsunusual concoctions

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Alcohol - 30 Day Use Trends forAlcohol - 30 Day Use Trends forCharlevoix County StudentsCharlevoix County Students

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Marijuana-30 Day Use Trends Marijuana-30 Day Use Trends for Charlevoix County Studentsfor Charlevoix County Students

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5

10

15

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25

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35

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45

Alc/ DrugConsequence

Drinking &Driving

Illicit DrugUse

Anti-SocialBehavior

When Parents Say NoWhen Parents Allow Some Use

A Major Reason People Take a Drug is they Like

What It Does to Their Brains

A Major Reason People Take a Drug is they Like

What It Does to Their Brains

StimulantsStimulants

CRACK

METHAMPHETAMINE

COCAINE

Types of Stimulant DrugsTypes of Stimulant Drugs

Cocaine ProductsCocaine Products

Cocaine Powder (Generally sniffed, injected, Cocaine Powder (Generally sniffed, injected, smoked on foil)smoked on foil)

““Crack” (smoked)Crack” (smoked)

Major areas of use: South America; USA Major areas of use: South America; USA (predominantly major urban centers, (predominantly major urban centers, disproportionately impacts African American disproportionately impacts African American community); Increasing in Europe.community); Increasing in Europe.

Types of Stimulant DrugsTypes of Stimulant Drugs

Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS)Amphetamine Type Stimulants (ATS)

AmphetamineAmphetamine “Speed”“Speed”

DexamphetamineDexamphetamine “Ice”“Ice”

Methylphenidate Methylphenidate “Crank”“Crank”

MethamphetamineMethamphetamine “Yaba”“Yaba”

““Shabu”Shabu”

Methamphetamine vs. CocaineMethamphetamine vs. Cocaine

Cocaine half-life: 1-2 hoursCocaine half-life: 1-2 hoursMethamphetamine half-life: 8-12 hoursMethamphetamine half-life: 8-12 hours

Cocaine paranoia: 4 -8 hours following drug cessationCocaine paranoia: 4 -8 hours following drug cessationMethamphetamine paranoia: 7-14 daysMethamphetamine paranoia: 7-14 days

Methamphetamine psychosis - May require Methamphetamine psychosis - May require medication/hospitalization and may not be reversiblemedication/hospitalization and may not be reversible

Neurotoxicity: Appears to be more profound with Neurotoxicity: Appears to be more profound with amphetamine-like substancesamphetamine-like substances

According to surveys and estimates by WHO According to surveys and estimates by WHO and UNODC, methamphetamine is the most and UNODC, methamphetamine is the most widely used illicit drug in the world except for widely used illicit drug in the world except for cannabis.cannabis.

World wide it is estimated there are over 26 World wide it is estimated there are over 26 million regular users of million regular users of amphetamine/methamphetamine, as compared amphetamine/methamphetamine, as compared to approximately 16 million heroin users and 14 to approximately 16 million heroin users and 14 million cocaine usersmillion cocaine users

Scope of the Methamphetamine Scope of the Methamphetamine Problem WorldwideProblem Worldwide

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100100

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Time (min)Time (min)

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BoxBox FeedingFeeding

Source: Di Chiara et al.Source: Di Chiara et al.

FOODFOOD

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11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 1111 1212 1313 1414 1515 1616 1717

ScrScrScrScrBasBasFemale 1 PresentFemale 1 Present

ScrScrFemale 2 PresentFemale 2 Present

ScrScr

Source: Fiorino and PhillipsSource: Fiorino and Phillips

SEXSEX

Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine LevelsNatural Rewards Elevate Dopamine LevelsNatural Rewards Elevate Dopamine LevelsNatural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels

00

100100

200200

300300

400400

Time After CocaineTime After Cocaine

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DADADOPACDOPACHVAHVA

AccumbensAccumbensCOCAINECOCAINE

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Time After NicotineTime After Nicotine

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AccumbensAccumbensCaudateCaudate

NICOTINENICOTINE

Source: Shoblock and Sullivan; Di Chiara and Imperato

Effects of Drugs on Dopamine ReleaseEffects of Drugs on Dopamine Release

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150

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0 1 2 3 4hrTime After Ethanol

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Time After Methamphetamine

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METHAMPHETAMINE

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Accumbens

Prolonged Drug Use ChangesProlonged Drug Use Changesthe Brain In Fundamentalthe Brain In Fundamentaland Long-Lasting Waysand Long-Lasting Ways

Source: McCann U.D.. et al.,Journal of Neuroscience, 18, pp. 8417-8422, October 15, 1998.

Decreased dopamine transporter Decreased dopamine transporter binding in METH users resembles binding in METH users resembles

that inthat in Parkinson Parkinson’’s Disease patientss Disease patients

%ID/cc

Control Methamphetamine PD

Their Brains

have been

Re-Wired by Drug Use

Their Brains

have been

Re-Wired by Drug Use

Because…Because…

Partial Recovery of Brain Dopamine Transporters in Methamphetamine

(METH)Abuser After Protracted Abstinence

Normal Control METH Abuser(1 month detox)

METH Abuser(24 months detox)

0

3

ml/gm

Source: Volkow, ND et al., Journal of Neuroscience 21, 9414-9418, 2001.

– 33 year old man, high on methamphetamine admitted to emergency room 33 year old man, high on methamphetamine admitted to emergency room complaining of severe headache in Portland Oregon.complaining of severe headache in Portland Oregon.

– X-ray revealed 12, 2 inch nails (6 on each side) in his head, administered with aq X-ray revealed 12, 2 inch nails (6 on each side) in his head, administered with aq nail gun.nail gun.

– The man at first claimed it was The man at first claimed it was an accident,an accident, but he later admitted that it was a but he later admitted that it was a suicide attempt. The nails were removed, and the man survived without any suicide attempt. The nails were removed, and the man survived without any serious permanent damage.serious permanent damage.

– He was eventually transferred to psychiatric care; he stayed for almost one month He was eventually transferred to psychiatric care; he stayed for almost one month under court order but then left against doctors’ ordersunder court order but then left against doctors’ orders

MSNBC-TV

Long-term effects of stimulantsLong-term effects of stimulants Strokes, seizures, and headachesStrokes, seizures, and headaches Irritability, restlessnessIrritability, restlessness Depression, anxiety, irritability, angerDepression, anxiety, irritability, anger Memory loss, confusion, attention problemsMemory loss, confusion, attention problems InsomniaInsomnia Paranoia, auditory hallucinations, panic reactionsParanoia, auditory hallucinations, panic reactions Suicidal ideationSuicidal ideation Sinus infectionSinus infection Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, chronic runny nose, Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, chronic runny nose,

hoarseness hoarseness Dry mouth, burned lipsDry mouth, burned lips Worn teeth (due to grinding during intoxication)Worn teeth (due to grinding during intoxication) Problems swallowingProblems swallowing Chest pain, cough, respiratory failureChest pain, cough, respiratory failure Disturbances in heart rhythm and heart attackDisturbances in heart rhythm and heart attack Gastrointestinal complications (abdominal pain and nausea)Gastrointestinal complications (abdominal pain and nausea) Loss of libidoLoss of libido Malnourishment, weight loss, anorexiaMalnourishment, weight loss, anorexia Weakness, fatigueWeakness, fatigue TremorsTremors SweatingSweating Oily skin, complexionOily skin, complexion

Source: The New York Times, June 11, 2005.Source: The New York Times, June 11, 2005.

“METH Mouth”“METH Mouth”

METH Use Leads to Severe Tooth Decay

MethamphetamineMethamphetaminePsychiatric ConsequencesPsychiatric Consequences

Paranoid reactionsParanoid reactions

Long term memory lossLong term memory loss

Depressive reactionsDepressive reactions

HallucinationsHallucinations

Psychotic reactionsPsychotic reactions

Panic disordersPanic disorders

Rapid addictionRapid addiction

More on Synthetics…More on Synthetics…

Spice & K2Spice & K2

More on Synthetics…More on Synthetics…

Bath SaltsBath Salts

More on Synthetics…More on Synthetics…

Spice & K2Spice & K2http://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/spicek2-synthetic-cannabinoids-6988186http://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/spicek2-synthetic-cannabinoids-6988186

Bath SaltsBath Saltshttp://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/mdpv-bath-salts-emerging-drug-trendshttp://www.slideshare.net/Guedde/mdpv-bath-salts-emerging-drug-trends

Based on local ER reports…Based on local ER reports…

More and more psychotic features coming More and more psychotic features coming into the emergency rooms locallyinto the emergency rooms locally

Believed to be a result of synthetics – Believed to be a result of synthetics – cannabinoids and stimulantscannabinoids and stimulants

Locals are involved in making their own Locals are involved in making their own concoctions of these and there is no way concoctions of these and there is no way of knowing what is in them…of knowing what is in them…

Michigan Economics…Michigan Economics…

High levels of unemployment locallyHigh levels of unemployment locally

Unemployment benefits running outUnemployment benefits running out

With the increases in drug use and more With the increases in drug use and more bizarre psychiatric responses from these bizarre psychiatric responses from these chemicals, there is potential for increases chemicals, there is potential for increases in property crimes and violent crimesin property crimes and violent crimes

Need to TAKE ACTION NOW in a Need to TAKE ACTION NOW in a multitude of ways…multitude of ways…