LNG Plant EquipmentSeminar with Supplier Association MurmanshelfMurmansk, 15 May 2012Jostein Pettersen

Outline• Gas/liquid separation equipment

• Absorbers, columns, towers

• Heat exchangers

− Shell and tube

− Kettle

− Plate and frame

− Air cooled

− Special cryogenic exchangers

• Compressors

− Centrifugal

− Axial

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Gas/liquid separation equipmenmt

• Compressor suction drums

• Phase separators

• Reflux drums

• Gas scrubbers

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Source: Amistco

Separation equipment

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Aker

Separation equipment - internals

Absorption column (Acid gas removal)

Sources: SULZER, hyper-tvt.ethz.ch

Upward vapour flowwith reducedconcentration

Mass transferAbsorptionDiffusion

Downward amine filmflow withincreasedconcentration

Reaction Mass transport

Surface area

Structured PackingContactor

Increase contact area

Increased efficiency

Reduced flooding and pressure drop

Reduce height, diameter and weight

Typical contactor

Rich amine outlet

Lean

Amine

inlet

Gas inlet

Gas outlet

Demister

Liquid

distributor

Packing material

Chimney tray

Support grid

Chimney tray outlet

Source: SULZER

Vane distributor

Source: DOW Chemicals

Absorbers

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Source: SULZER

Scrub column for LPG extractionFractionation train

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Fractionationtower

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Shell and tubeexchangers• TEMA classification

• Extensive experience

• Several design programs available

− ASPEN (HTFS-TASC)

− HTRI

• Important issue:

− Flow induced vibration

www.amerindustrial.com

Shell and tube exchangers

• Compressor intercoolers

• Compressor aftercoolers

• Desuperheater

• Subcooler

• Feedgas cooler

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www.chrisexeter.en.made-in-china.com

Cross flow condensation(Propane condenser)

Source : knowledgepublications.com

Kettle re-boiler as process cooler

Source wermac.org

Source ASPENTECH

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Kettle type heat exchanger• Shell and tube exchanger with

separator function

• Flooded

• Tube bundle submerged in boiling liquid

Propane kettle exchangers in LNG plant4 pressure levels

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Core in kettle

1:Hot stream inlet

2: Hot stream inlet connection through shell and into PFHE core

3: PFHE core

4: Hot stream pipe from outlet of core

5: Hot stream outlet connection through shell

6: Hot stream outlet

8: Refrigerant inlet to shell

9: Shell side liquid level

10: Liquid/vapour separation space

11: Vapour outlet nozzle

12: Manway (Typically 20-30 inch)

Source: Chart Energy and Chemicals, Inc.

• Tube bundle replaced by plate fin heat exchanger core

• Compact and efficient geometry

Classification: Internal 2010-11-01

Air cooled exchangers

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Air cooled condensers

Plate and frame exchanger

Source: Alfa Laval

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Cryogenic Heat Exchangers

Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers

Spiral-Wound Heat Exchangers

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Spiral Wound Heat Exchanger (SWHE)• Picture showing Snøhvit

subcooler

• Specialized ”proprietary” type of heat exchanger

• Large capacity in one unit

• Reasonably robust, and well proven in gas liquefaction

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Spiral Wound LNG Heat Exchanger (Linde)

Spiral wound exchanger (Air Products)

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Plate fin (PFHE)• Stack of plain and folded plates• Brazed in vacuum furnace• Compact, multi stream capability• Pressures up to ca 120 bar• Exposed to thermal stress• Needs clean fluids

Ca 1.5 m

Fin height 5-10 mm

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Block or CoreHeaderNozzleWidthStacking heightLengthPassage outletCover sheetParting sheetHeat transfer finDistribution finSide barEnd bar

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CentrifugalcompressorHorizontally split casing

Source: GE

Source: Siemens

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CentrifugalcompressorBarrel type casing

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Centrifugal compressors (GE)

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Axial compressor (GE)

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Normal boiling points:

Propane: - 42.1 oC

Ethane: - 88.7 oC

Methane: -161.6 oC

Nitrogen: -195.9 oC

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LNG Plant Equipment

Jostein PettersenAdvisor LNG Technologyjospet@statoil.comTel: +4790952718

www.statoil.com

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