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U;w ljLorh gkml (bafM;k) izkúfyúubZZ fnYyh&110002 (bafM;k)

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MkWú lk/uk vMokuh¯gnh foHkkxkè;{kklsaV gsysuk”k LowQy

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Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India) Phone : +91-11-43556600Fax : +91-11-43556688E-mail : [email protected] : www.saraswatihouse.comCIN : U22110DL2013PTC262320Import-Export Licence No. 0513086293

Branches:

• Ahmedabad (079) 22160722 • Bengaluru (080) 26619880, 26676396 • Bhopal +91-7554003654 • Chennai (044) 28416531 • Dehradun 09837452852• Guwahati (0361) 2457198• Hyderabad (040) 42615566 • Jaipur (0141) 4006022 • Jalandhar (0181) 4642600, 4643600 • Kochi (0484) 4033369 • Kolkata (033) 40042314 • Lucknow (0522) 4062517 • Mumbai (022) 28737050, 28737090 • Patna (0612) 2570403 • Ranchi (0651) 2244654

First published 2016

ISBN: 978-93-5199-830-3

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

The moral rights of the author has been asserted.

©Reserved with the Publishers

All rights reserved under the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, trans-mitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopy or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh)

This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.

(iii)

vkeq[k

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ,oa ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ Hkkjrh; izek.ki=k (ICSE) cksMZ osQ vuq:i

^lkfjdk* ikBekyk dk l`tu fd;k x;k gSA ;g iqLrd Ükà[kyk 22oha lnh osQ ubZ ih<+h osQ

cPpksa osQ fy, fy[kh xbZ gSA orZeku lnh osQ ckyd&ckfydkvksa dks vk/qfud rduhdh

;qx dk ifjos'k lgt gh izkIr gqvk gS ftlosQ dkj.k budh fnekxh {kerk] dYiuk 'kfDr

rFkk ftKklk dks rÌr dj ikuk ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ^lkfjdk* ikBekyk dh Lrjh;

fo"k;&lkexzh] vkbZúlhú,lúbZú (ICSE) cksMZ osQ 'kSf{kd Lrj o ijh{kk izk:i vkSj ubZ ih<+h

osQ fon~;k£Fk;ksa dh ekufld fiiklk dks 'kkar dj ldus esa vo'; leFkZ gksxhA

^lkfjdk* ikBekyk uohu f'k{kk iz.kkyh osQ vuq:i fy[kh xbZ Text-Cum-Workbooks gSa] tks fon~;k£Fk;ksa dks izfrfnu osQ thou ls tksM+rh gSaA vius uke dks lkFkZd djrh

gqbZ ;g iqLrd vkl&ikl osQ okrkoj.k esa Kku dk laxhr izokfgr djrh gSA bl jpuk

dk eq[; mn~ns'; gSµiqLrdh; Kku dks izko`Qfrd ,oa O;kogkfjd thou ls tksM+dj

cky&ân; rd igq¡pk;k tk,A blhfy, ubZ f'k{kk uhfr dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, bl

iqLrd Ükà[kyk esa ‘Activity based Learning’ fln~/kar dks viuk;k x;k gSA

^lkfjdk* Ükà[kyk dh i`"BHkwfe esa fufgr mn~ns'; dks cPpksa rd lgh <ax ls igq¡pkus osQ

fy, f'k{kdksa osQ fy, ^f'k{kd&nf'kZdk* dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gSA vk'kk gS] Hkk"kk&f'k{k.k

dh fn'kk esa fd;k x;k ;g iz;kl mi;ksxh fln~/ gksxkA vuqHkoh f'k{kdksa rFkk fon~okuksa osQ

lq>koksa dk Lokxr fd;k tk,xk] ftuls Hkkoh la'kks/uksa esa enn feysxhA

µysf[kdk

fo"k; lwph

1- dc tkxksxs (dfork) 05

2- cdjh nks xk¡o [kk xbZ 10

3- uoo"kZ dk ladYi 16

4- jaxksa dk R;ksgkj 21

vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ1 27

5- dfBu nkSj (dfork) 28

6- migkj 33

7- MkWDVjh 39

8- eSa gw¡ phaVh 44


9- lPph lqanjrk (dfork) 50

10- clar dh bZekunkjh 56

11- nknk th dk i=k 62

12- yky&cky&iky 68


13- vk;k clar (dfork) 74

14- osQjy 79

15- isM+ ij fcrk, rhu fnu 85

16- dkyk ?kksM+k 90

vH;kl iz'u&i=kµ4 96(iv)

E:\E drive data\Rekha\Processing\2016 Data\Sarika (Work book)\Sarika-05 (TM + Worksheets)\Ch-1-16\Sarika-05 (Chap 1-10).indd\09/03/16\9 March 2016 3:32 PM

55

lkjka'k

^dc tkxksxs* dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us ;g crkuk pkgk gS fd ^lwjt* lqcg gksus dk lans'k ysdj vkrk gSA mlosQ fudyrs gh izÑfr esa uothou dk lapkj gks mBrk gSA lHkh tho/kfj;ksa esa thou dh gypy 'kq: gks tkrh gSA ekuksa lwjt dh fdj.ksa lHkh dks Li'kZ djosQ dg jgh gksa] ^êsjs lkFk&lkFk lc fudyksA esjs cqykus ls vxj rqe ugha tkxs rks dc tkxksxsA** lwjt dh vxokuh esa rks vkleku us Hkh viuk njok”kk [kksy fn;k gSA lwjt osQ vkrs gh iaNh pgdus yxs] dfy;k¡ f[kyus yxha vkSj pexknM+ Mky ij yVdus yxhaA lHkh vksj gypy&lh ep xbZA eksj Hkh [kq'kh ls ukpus yxsA pkjksa vksj [kqf'k;k¡ iSQyus yxh vkSj lqugjh fdj.ksa vkSj Hkh iSQyus yxhaA tc lwjt dk xksyk iwjh rjg Åij fn[kkbZ iM+us yxk rc lcus mlosQ Lokxr osQ fy, vius&vius ?kjksa osQ njok”ks [kksy fn, vFkkZr lHkh vius&vius dke ij fudy iM+sA lqcg gksrs gh lHkh dh fnup;kZ izkjaHk gks xbZA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) lwjt iwQy&iRrksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa o lHkh euq";ksa dks txkrk gSA

([k) vkleku us lwjt dh vxokuh osQ fy, njok”kk [kksykA

fyf[kr

1- (d) lwjt osQ fudyus ij pkjksa vksj lqugjk jax iSQy tkrk gSA ([k) ;fn lwjt u fudys rks pkjksa vksj v¡/sjk&gh&v¡/sjk gksxk o thou #d tk,xkA (x) bl dfork osQ dfo dk uke Hkokuh izlkn feJ gSA 2- (d) (iii) ([k) (i) (x) (ii) 3- (d) izLrqr iafDr osQ ekè;e ls dfo dguk pkgrs gSa fd lw;ksZn; gksrs gh lHkh tho/kfj;ksa

dks vkyl dk R;kx dj tkx tkuk pkfg,A jkf=k dh xgjh uhan osQ v¡/sjs ls ckgj fudyuk pkfg,A ([k) dfo dgrs gSa fd lw;ksZn; gksrs gh pkjksa vksj uothou dk lapkj fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA

pkjksa vksj lcosQ tkxus ls [kqf'k;k¡ iSQy tkrh gSaA [kqf'k;k¡ iSQyus ls lwjt dh lqugjh fdj.ksa [kq'k gksdj vkSj ”;knk iSQyh fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSaA

1 dc tkxksxs

6


4- (d) (i) v¡/sjs ls ckgj vkus osQ fy, leLr tho/kfj;ksa dks dgk tk jgk gSA (ii) ^dc tkxksxs* esa uhan ls tkxus osQ vykok ^dc le>ksxs* Hkh gks ldrk gSA (iii) ^Vsjs ls* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^cqykus ls* gSA (iv) lwjt osQ fudyus ij pkjksa vksj yky&lqugjh fdj.ksa iSQy tkrh gSaA lqcg gksrs gh u,

fnu dh 'kq#vkr gks tkrh gSA iaNh pgdus yxrs gSaA iwQy f[kyus yxrs gSaA isM+&ikS/s [kq'kh ls gok osQ gYosQ >ksadks ls Hkh >weus yxrs gSaA euq";ksa dh viuh fnup;kZ dk vkjaHk gks tkrk gSA pkjksa vksj uothou dk lapkj gks tkrk gSA

([k) (i) dfo bu iafDr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls ;g dguk pkgrs gSa fd lwjt osQ vkrs gh lc vksj uothou dk lapkj gks x;kA lHkh izkf.k;ksa dh fnup;kZ dk vkjaHk gksrs gh xk¡o vkSj xyh&xyh esa 'kksj&lk ep x;kA taxy esa eksj Hkh izlUu gksdj ukpus yxsA

(ii) jkr osQ yacs foJke osQ ckn lw;ksZn; gksrs gh xk¡o vkSj xfy;ksa esa tks 'kksj epk gksxk mldk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd pkjksa vksj u, fnu dh 'kq#vkr ls mudh O;Lr fnup;kZ dk izkjaHk gksukA euq"; vius dke osQ fy, fudy iM+rs gSaA i'kq&i{kh vius Hkkstu dh [kkst esa fudy iM+rs gSaA

(iii) lwjt osQ vkxeu ls iV [kksyus dk eryc ^njok”kk [kksyus* ls gSA lwjt osQ vkrs gh ckny gVus yxrs gSa vFkkZr njoktk [kqyus yxrk gSA nwljk eryc gS] lwjt osQ vkxeu ls lHkh izk.kh u, fnu dk Lokxr djus osQ fy, vius ?kj osQ can njok”ks [kksy nsrs gSa vFkkZr dke ij yx tkrs gSaA îV [kksyus* dks ge uhan ls tkxuk Hkh dg ldrs gSaA

(iv) lqcg osQ 'kkar okrkoj.k esa lqugjh fdj.kksa dk Li'kZ ikdj ubZ rk”kxh vkSj LiwQfrZ dk vglkl gksrk gSA dksey dfy;k¡ iwQy cudj f[ky mBrh gSaA isM+&ikS/s viuk Hkkstu fuekZ.k djus yxrs gSaA i'kq&i{kh vius Hkkstu dh [kkst esa fudy iM+rs gSaA euq"; vius dke ij yx tkrs gSaA bl rjg pkjksa vksj fdj.kksa osQ lkFk&lkFk [kqf'k;k¡ iSQy tkrh gSaA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) fnokdj] lw;Z] fnudj ([k) iq"i] lqeu] oqQlqe (x) jf'e] dj] va'kq (?k) vkleku] uHk] xxu (Ä) vj.;] ou] dkuu 2- (d) mtkyk ([k) vkleku (x) jkr (?k) ihNs (Ä) LiwQfrZ 3- (d) iqLrosaQ ([k) yM+osQ (x) rkjs (?k) iRrs (Ä) xkfM+;k¡ (p) fpfM+;k¡ (N) oqQjfl;k¡ (t) xqfM+;k¡ 4- lwjt vkleku pexknM+ eksj dfy;k¡ 5- ekrk&firk lq[k&nq[k iQy&iwQy fnu&jkr pk¡n&lwjt

7


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk % ------------- iw.kk±d

vuqozQekad % ------------- fnukad % ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 10

fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 = 10

(d) lwjt fdl fn'kk ls fudyrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) lwjt fdl fn'kk esa Mwcrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) lwjt osQ fudyrs gh pkjksa vksj D;k&D;k ifjorZu fn[kkbZ iM+rs gSa\ vius 'kCnksa esa o.kZu dhft,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) lwjt dh vxokuh esa lcus D;k fd;k\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) /jrh ls lw;Z cM+k gS ;k NksVk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- lgh orZuh ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkb,µ 2

(d) lwjt lqjt ljt

([k) vkxokuh vxokuh vxkokuh

(x) fpM+h;k¡ phfM+;k¡ fpfM+;k¡

(?k) v/sjs va/sj v¡/sjs

2- pkj ,sls 'kCn&;qXe fyf[k, ftuosQ chp ;kstd fpg~u (Hyphen) yxk gksµ 4

(d) ------------------------- ([k) -------------------------

(x) ------------------------- (?k) -------------------------

3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ vaxzs”kh esa vFkZ fyf[k,µ 4

(d) iwQy --------------------------

([k) iQy --------------------------

(x) vxokuh --------------------------

(?k) pexknM+ --------------------------

9


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) lwjt iwoZ fn'kk ls fudyrk gSA

([k) lwjt if'pe fn'kk esa Mwcrk gSA

(x) lwjt osQ fudyrs gh iaNh pgdus yxrs gSa] dfy;k¡ f[ky tkrh gSa rFkk lalkj osQ lHkh

izkf.k;ksa osQ chp [kqf'k;k¡ iSQy tkrh gSaA

(?k) lwjt dh vxokuh esa lcus viuk iV [kksykA

(Ä) /jrh ls lw;Z 13 yk[k xquk cM+k gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) lwjt ([k) vxokuh (x) fpfM+;k¡ (?k) v¡/sjs

2- Mky&Mky xk¡o&xyh taxy&taxy lkFk&lkFk

3- (d) Flower ([k) Fruit (x) Welcome (?k) Bat

rr

10


lkjka'k

vius jkT; dk nkSjk djus osQ fy, ckn'kkg vdcj lkekU; os'kHkw"kk esa ,d xk¡o tk igq¡psA viuh Fkdku feVkus osQ fy, os ,d isM+ dh Nk;k esa cSB x,A ikl gh xUus dk [ksr FkkA vdcj us ml [ksr osQ fdlku ls xUus dk jl ihus dh bPNk O;Dr dhA ljy LoHkko okyk fdlku izlUu Hkko ls yksVk Hkjdj xUus dk jl ys vk;kA jktk vdcj us jl ihdj cM+h iz'kalk dhA fdlku us mUgsa crk;k fd ;g flI+kZQ ,d xUus dk jl Fkk] lqudj vdcj dks cM+k vk'p;Z gqvkA vdcj us ml [ksr dk yxku iwNk rks mRrj tkudkj gSjku gks x, fd êk=k iPphl iSls!* rc mUgksaus eu&gh&eu yxku c<+kus dk fopkj dj fy;kA tkrs&tkrs jktk vdcj us fdlku ls xUus dk jl ihus dh bPNk O;Dr dh] ijarq rhu&pkj xUuksa ls Hkh mruk jl ugha fudyk ftruk ,d xUus ls fudyk FkkA mnkl psgjs osQ lkFk fdlku us vdcj dks crk;k fd yxrk gS ckn'kkg vdcj dh uh;r fcxM+ xbZ gSA ;g lqudj vdcj dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl gqvkA rc mUgksaus ml fdlku dks viuk ifjp; fn;k vkSj ikl iM+s gq, ihiy osQ iRrs ij mls nks xk¡o nsus dk gqDe fy[k fn;kA fdlku iRrs dks j[kdj dke esa yx x;k vkSj cdjh ml iRrs dks [kk xbZA og vkxjk igq¡pdj ogk¡ dh lM+dksa ij jksrk&fpYykrk fiQj jgk Fkk] ¶gk;! cdjh nks xk¡o [kk xbZA¸ tc og jkt njckj esa yk;k x;k rks jktk vdcj us mls iDosQ dkx”k ij nks xk¡o nsus dk gqDe fy[kdj fn;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ckn'kkg vdcj dk egy vkxjk 'kgj esa FkkA

([k) ckn'kkg vdcj us ml fdlku dks vkxjk cqyk;k Fkk] blfy, og muls feyus osQ fy, x;k FkkA lM+dksa ij og jksrk&fpYykrk gqvk dg jgk Fkkµ¶gk;! cdjh nks xk¡o [kk xbZA¸

(x) igyh ckj ,d xUus ls ,d cM+k yksVk Hkjdj jl fudyk FkkA

2 cdjh nks xk¡o [kk xbZ

11


(?k) nwljh ckj xUuksa ls jl blfy, ugha fudyk] D;ksafd ckn'kkg vdcj dh uh;r fcxM+ xbZ FkhA mUgksaus eu&gh&eu fopkj dj fy;k Fkk fd bu [ksrksa dk yxku c<+k fn;k tk,xkA

fyf[kr

1- (d) rhljh ckj ,d xUus osQ jl ls yksVk blfy, Hkj x;k] D;ksafd ckn'kkg vdcj dks viuh

xyrh dk vglkl gks x;k Fkk vkSj mUgksaus ml fdlku osQ [ksr dk yxku ekI+kQ dj fn;k FkkA

([k) ̂ yxku* dk eryc ml /ujkf'k ls gS tks ge jktk vFkok ljdkj dks izfro"kZ nsrs gSaA bls

ljdkjh vk; (Government Income) Hkh dgrs gSaA tSlsµbl dgkuh esa fdlku dks vius

[ksr dk yxku nsuk gksrk gSA

(x) ys[kd bl dgkuh osQ ekè;e ls ;g crkuk pkgrs gSa fd euq"; osQ eu esa tc fdlh cqjh

Hkkouk vFkok fopkjksa dk tUe gksrk gS rks mldk izHkko vkl&ikl osQ okrkoj.k ij Hkh

gksrk gSA tc ckn'kkg vdcj dh uh;r fcxM+ xbZ rc dbZ xUuksa ls Hkh mruk jl u fudyk

ftlls ,d yksVk Hkj losQA blfy, gesa uh;r lkI+kQ j[kuh pkfg,A ykyp osQ Hkko ugha

j[kus pkfg,A

2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (ii) (?k) (i)

3- (d) (i) ;g dFku ckn'kkg vdcj us xUus osQ [ksr osQ fdlku ls dgkA

oDrk ckn'kkg vdcj gSa] ftudk njckj vkxjk esa gSA os viuh iztk dh okLrfod

fLFkfr tkuus osQ fy, os'k cnydj vius jkT; dk nkSjk djus fudys FksA

(ii) oDrk ckn'kkg vdcj jkT; dk nkSjk djrs le; fdlh xk¡o esa x, FksA ogha ij Jksrk

fdlku mUgsa xUus osQ [ksr esa feyk FkkA

(iii) xUus osQ [ksr dk yxku flI+kZQ iPphl iSls FkkA tc fdlku us ckn'kkg vdcj dks

,d xUus dk yksVk Hkjdj jl fudkydj fn;k rks muosQ eu esa ;g fopkj vk;k fd

,sls jl okys xUus osQ [ksr ij vf/d yxku yxkuk pkfg,A

(iv) ^yxku* fdlh jkT; osQ jktk vFkok ns'k dh ljdkj dh vk; (Income) dks dgrs

gSaA O;fDr tgk¡ jgrk gS ml ns'k dh ljdkj dks viuh vk; rFkk laifRr dk VSDl

Hkjuk iM+rk gSA blh /ujkf'k dks [kpZ djosQ lkoZtfud lqfo/k,¡ miyC/ djkbZ tkrh

gSa] blfy, ^yxku* ;kuh VSDl fy;k tkrk gSA

([k) (i) mDr dFku fdlku us ckn'kkg vdcj ls dgk tc rhu&pkj xUuksa osQ jl ls Hkh

yksVk u HkjkA

12


(ii) ;g lqudj Jksrk ckn'kkg vdcj dks yxk fd ,d ekewyh fdlku us mUgsa balkfu;r

dk og ikB i<+k;k gS tks cM+s&cM+s xq: Hkh vius 'kkldksa dks ugha fl[kk ikrsA

(iii) tc vdcj us fdlku ls lh[kk fd tgk¡ uh;r vPNh gksrh gS] ogk¡ cjdr gksrh gSA

rc mUgksaus [kq'k gksdj mldk yxku ekI+kQ dj fn;kA

(iv) ckn'kkg vdcj ,d n;kyq] mnkj o viuh iztk dk iwjk è;ku j[kus okys ckn'kkg

FksA os ?keaM ls dkslksa nwj Fks blfy, fdlku n~okjk balkfu;r dk ikB i<+kus ij mUgksaus

mls iqjLÑr fd;kA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) 'kkck'k! rqeus viuk dke dj fn[kk;kA

([k) jktw] eksuw vkSj papy lc ck”kkj x, gSaA

(x) D;k xkSre vkt LowQy ugha vk;k\

(?k) gk;! fdlku dh cdjh iRrk [kk xbZA

(Ä) tgkt] fjD'kk] uko vkSj cSyxkM+h ;krk;kr osQ lk/u gSaA

2- (d) vkuan fupksM+

([k) Hkkjh f'k{kd

(x) ,d fn'kk tokc

(?k) gkFk yxku 3- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; cM+k yksVk Hkksyk fdlku eksVh cdjh iDosQ dkx”k uhyk vkleku jaxhu izQkWd NksVk vkneh ,d xUuk

4- (d) mnkl gksuk

([k) bjknk cnyuk

(x) ?keaM VwVuk

(?k) cgqr Hkw[k yxuk

uksVµokD; cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

13


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) ckn'kkg vdcj dk jktnjckj dgk¡ Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ckn'kkg xUus osQ [ksr esa D;ksa x,\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ckn'kkg vdcj fdlku dk yxku D;ksa c<+kuk pkgrs Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) yxku dk /u dgk¡ [kpZ fd;k tkrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ^cdjh nks xk¡o [kk xbZ* dFku fdlus vkSj D;ksa dgk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- 'kCnksa esa mfpr vuqLokj ( ) ;k vuqukfld ( ) yxkdj orZuh 'kqn~/ dhft,µ 4

(d) xko µ ------------------------- ([k) blkfu;r µ -------------------------

(x) xwt µ ------------------------- (?k) x/ µ -------------------------

(Ä) l'k; µ ------------------------- (p) igqpk µ -------------------------

(N) tgk µ ------------------------- (t) exy µ -------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) fdlku µ ------------------------- -------------------------

([k) ckn'kkg µ ------------------------- -------------------------

(x) balkfu;r µ ------------------------- -------------------------

(?k) iRrk µ ------------------------- -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa fo'ks"k.k 'kCn js[kkafdr dhft,µ 2

(d) ,d vkneh lM+d ij ?kwe jgk gSA ([k) yxku esa rks osQoy iPphl iSls gh nsus iM+rs gSaA (x) ckn'kkg us ehBk jl fi;kA (?k) yksVs esa FkksM+k&lk jl FkkA

15


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) ckn'kkg vdcj dk jktnjckj mRrj izns'k osQ vkxjk 'kgj esa FkkA

([k) ckn'kkg xUus osQ [ksr osQ ikl ihiy osQ isM+ dh Nk;k esa Fkdku feVkus osQ fy, cSBs Fks]

rHkh mUgsa xUus dk jl ihus dh bPNk gqbZA

(x) fdlku osQ [ksr dk yxku ek=k iPphl iSls FkkA ,sls jl okys xUus osQ [ksr dk vf/d

yxku gksuk pkfg,] ;g lkspdj ckn'kkg vdcj yxku c<+kuk pkgrs FksA

(?k) yxku dk /u jktdks"k esa tek fd;k tkrk gSA ml /u dk mi;ksx iztk osQ fgr esa rFkk

jkT; dh lqj{kk ij [kpZ fd;k tkrk gSA

(Ä) ;g dFku xUus osQ [ksr osQ ekfyd fdlku us dgk tc mldh cdjh us ihiy osQ ml iRrs

dks [kk fy;k ftl ij ckn'kkg vdcj us nks xk¡o nsus dk gqDe fy[kk FkkA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) xk¡o ([k) balkfu;r (x) xw¡t (?k) xa/ (Ä) la'k; (p) igq¡pk (N) tgk¡ (t) eaxy 2- (d) Ñ"kd] gy/j ([k) jktk] uì (x) ekuork] euq";rk (?k) i=k] fdly; 3- (d) ,d vkneh lM+d ij ?kwe jgk gSA ([k) yxku esa rks osQoy iPphl iSls gh nsus iM+rs gSaA (x) ckn'kkg us ehBk jl fi;kA (?k) yksVs esa FkksM+k&lk jl FkkA

rr

16


lkjka'k

u, lky dk igyk fnu FkkA lc yksx cgqr [kq'k FksA eksgYys osQ dbZ ifjokjksa us feydj ?kweus tkus dk dk;ZØe cuk;kA cPpksa us fnYyh gkV tkus dh f”kn dhA ml fnu fnYyh gkV vkd"kZd oanuokjksa ls ltk;k x;k FkkA fnYyh gkV esa rjg&rjg dh nqdkusa FkhaA f[kykSus] jktLFkkuh twfr;ksa] udyh xguksa rFkk ikjaifjd gLrdyk ls cus diM+s osQ FkSyksa dh nqdkusa FkhaA cPps rks f[kykSuksa dh nqdkuksa dks Hkh u”kjank”k djrs gq, diM+s osQ FkSyksa dh nqdku ij tk igq¡psA cPpksa us vius&vius fy, FkSys [kjhnsA mlosQ ckn vius firk osQ fy, t;iqjh twfr;k¡ [kjhnhaA cPpksa dh ekrk,¡ tc peM+s] gkFkh nk¡r o gM~fM;ksa osQ xguksa dh nqdku dh vksj tk jgh Fkha rks cPpksa us mUgsa ogk¡ tkus ls jksdk vkSj mUgsa viuk ladYi crk;k fd mUgksaus tkuojksa dh [kky] gM~fM;ksa vkfn ls cuh fdlh Hkh ph”k dk mi;ksx u djus dk ladYi fy;k gS] D;ksafd ;fn ;s ph”ksa [kjhnh gh u tk,¡ rks mu funksZ"k tkuojksa osQ izk.kksa dh j{kk gks ldrh gSA cPpksa dh ckrsa lqudj muosQ ekrk&firk us tkuojksa dh gR;k dks jksdus osQ fy, ladYi fy;k fd os Hkh ,slh fdlh oLrq dks iz;ksx esa ugha yk,¡xs tks fdlh tkuoj osQ vax ls cuh gksA u, lky ij fy;k x;k ;gh ladYi ûoo"kZ ladYi* dgyk;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) uoo"kZ dk igyk fnu Fkk] blfy, cPps [kq'k Fks vkSj pgd jgs FksA ([k) uoo"kZ osQ vkxeu dh [kq'kh esa fnYyh gkV ltk;k x;k FkkA bl fnu cgqr lkjs yksx [kjhnkjh

djus vkrs gSaA (x) FkSys cspus okyk nqdkunkj blfy, [kq'k Fkk] D;ksafd lqcg&lqcg mlosQ cgqr lkjs FkSys fcd x,

FksA mls yxk fd u;k o"kZ mlosQ fy, 'kqHk FkkA (?k) lHkh cPpksa dh ekrk,¡ peM+s] gkFkh nk¡r rFkk gM~fM;ksa ls cus xgus [kjhnuk pkgrh FkhaA

fyf[kr

1- (d) cPpksa us tc vius vfHkHkkodksa dks ;g crk;k fd mUgsa ikB'kkyk esa fn[kkbZ xbZ fI+kQYe dks ns[kdj ;g le> esa vk x;k gS fd tkuojksa dks csjgeh ls ekjdj muosQ peM+s] gfM~M;ksa vkfn ls cuh oLrqvksa dks ;fn [kjhnk gh u tk, rks os tkuojksa dks ekjsaxs Hkh ughaA rc

3 uoo"kZ dk ladYi

17


cPpksa dh ckrsa lqudj vfHkHkkodksa us Hkh iz.k fd;k fd os tkuojksa osQ 'kjhj ls cuh fdlh Hkh oLrq dk bLrseky ugha djsaxsA

([k) cPpksa us fI+kQYe ns[kus osQ ckn tkuojksa osQ 'kjhj ls cuh fdlh Hkh ph”k dk bLrseky u djus dk ladYi fy;k FkkA os ugha pkgrs Fks fd dksbZ Hkh euq"; mu tkuojksa dks ekjdj viuh ”k:jrsa iwjh djsA

(x) cPps Lo;a djsaxsA (?k) bl ikB ls gesa ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd euq"; dks izR;sd tho osQ izfr n;k dk Hkko j[kuk

pkfg,A vfgalk dk ekxZ viukdj tho gR;k ugha djuh pkfg,A izÑfr ls izse dk Hkko j[krs gq, vius LokFkZ dks iwjk djus osQ fy, fdlh i'kq dks Hkh uqdlku ugha igq¡pkuk pkfg,A

2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) 3- (d) (i) cPps fnYyh gkV u;k lky eukus rFkk [kjhnkjh djus osQ fy, tkuk pkgrs FksA (ii) fnYyh gkV esa lqanj&lqanj f[kykSus] jax&fcjaxs FkSys] t;iqjh twfr;k¡ rFkk peM+s] gkFkh

nk¡r vkSj gfM~M;ksa ls cus xgus vkfn fcd jgs FksA (iii) cPpksa dh ekrk,¡ peM+s] gkFkh&nk¡r o gfM~M;ksa osQ xguksa dh nqdku dh vksj c<+ jgh

FkhaA efgykvksa dks xgus cgqr ilan gksrs gSa] blfy, os lHkh xgus [kjhnuk pkgrh FkhA (iv) ôanuokj* vke osQ isM+ osQ iRrksa vFkok iwQyksa ls cuk;k tkrk gSA bls ^rksj.k* Hkh

dgrs gSaA gekjs ?kj esa Hkh tc dksbZ /kfeZd mRlo gksrk gS rc ;g yxk;k tkrk gSA ;g ekaxfyd izrhd gS blfy, bldk yxkuk 'kqHk gksrk gSA vktdy eksrh] 'kh'kksa vkfn ls cus oanuokj Hkh izpfyr gSaA

([k) (i) ;g dFku izrhd us lc cPpksa osQ vfHkHkkodksa ls rc dgk tc os fnYyh gkV x, FksA mudh ekrk,¡ tkuojksa osQ e`r 'kjhj ls cuh oLrq,¡ [kjhnuk pkgrh FkhaA

(ii) Jksrk mu lHkh cPpksa osQ ekrk&firk gSaA mUgksaus viuh izfrfØ;k esa mu cPpksa ls lgefr trkbZ vkSj mUgksaus Hkh tkuojksa ls cuh ph”kksa dk mi;ksx u djus dk ladYi ys fy;kA

(iii) cPpksa us lcls vf/d diM+ksa osQ lqanj jax&fcjaxs FkSys [kjhns o vius&vius firk th osQ fy, t;iqjh twfr;k¡ [kjhnha] D;ksafd os i'kq&o/ dks jksduk pkgrs FksA ;s ph”ksa ikjaifjd gLrdyk dh igpku FkhaA

(iv) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) Åij ([k) fcuk (x) lkeus (?k) nwj (Ä) lehi 2- (d) vaxwj ([k) rksrk (x) eksVk (?k) yM~Mw (Ä) Ropk 3- (d) Hkwrdky ([k) orZeku dky (x) Hkfo";r dky (?k) orZeku dky (Ä) Hkfo";r dky (p) Hkwrdky

18


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) cPpksa us fnYyh gkV tkus dh f”kn D;ksa dh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) nSfud dk;ks± esa tkuojksa ls cuh dkSu&dkSu&lh ph”ksa dke esa ykbZ tkrh gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) fI+kQYe ns[kus osQ ckn mu cPpksa us D;k iz.k fy;k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vki u, lky dk Lokxr oSQls djrs gks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) D;k vki pkgrs gSa fd u;k lky lHkh tho/kfj;ksa osQ fy, lq[ke; gks\ ;fn gk¡] rks oSQls\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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19


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj fyf[k,µ 4

(d) iq=k µ ------------------------- ([k) xk;d µ -------------------------

(x) nknk µ ------------------------- (?k) uk;d µ -------------------------

2- okD;ksa esa ls loZuke 'kCn Nk¡Vdj muosQ Hksn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) gekjh ikB'kkyk esa ,d fi+ QYe fn[kkbZ xbZ FkhA

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([k) oqQN cPpksa us t;iqjh twfr;k¡ ilan dhA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) u;k o"kZ mlosQ fy, 'kqHk FkkA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) tkuojksa dks ekjdj ph”ksa D;ksa cuk,¡xs\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- okD;ksa osQ dky Hksn fyf[k,µ 2

(d) lc cPps pgd jgs FksA -------------------------

([k) efgyk,¡ xguksa dh nqdku dh vksj tk jgh gSaA -------------------------

20


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 (d) cPpksa us vius vfHkHkkodksa ls fnYyh gkV tkus dh f”kn blfy, dh] rkfd os lHkh osQ

ekrk&firk dks vius ladYi osQ ckjs esa crk losaQ vkSj le>k losaQA lkFk&gh&lkFk os i'kqvksa

ls cuh ph”kksa dks u [kjhndj mudh izk.k j{kk osQ fy, oqQN dj losaQA

([k) peM+s ls cus twrs&pIiy] cVq,] csYV] dbZ rjg osQ doj] gkFkh nk¡r rFkk gM~fM;ksa ls cus

xgus vkfn dbZ ph”ksa nSfud dk;ks± esa mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaA

(x) fI+kQYe ns[kus osQ ckn mu cPpksa us ;g iz.k fy;k Fkk fd os vc peM+s o gkFkh nk¡r vkfn

ls cuh ph”kksa dk ykyp ugha djsaxs] ftlls ,slh ph”ksa ugha fcdus ij] LokFkhZ euq"; mu

tkuojksa dh gR;k ugha djsaxsA (?k) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsA

(Ä) fon~;kFkhZ viuh dYiuk osQ vk/kj ij Lo;a djsaxsA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) iq=kh ([k) xkf;dk (x) nknh (?k) ukf;dk

2- (d) gekjhµiq#"kokpd loZuke

([k) oqQNµvfu'p;okpd loZuke

(x) mlosQµiq#"kokpd loZuke

(?k) D;ksaµiz'uokpd loZuke 3- (d) Hkwrdky ([k) orZeku dky

rr


21

lkjka'k

gksyh osQ R;ksgkj dh NqV~Vh FkhA iquhr cgqr [kq'k FkkA iquhr dh nknh us mls fo".kq HkDr izg~ykn osQ ckjs esa cgqr oqQN crk;k fd fdl rjg izg~ykn osQ vgadkjh firk us vius iq=k dks ejokus osQ fy, dksbZ dlj u NksM+hA gksfydk izg~ykn dks xksn esa ysdj vkx esa cSB xbZA izg~ykn rks cp x;k ij vkx ls u tyus dk ojnku ikus okyh gksfydk ty xbZA rc ls iQkYxqu eghus dh iwf.kZek dh jkr dks gksfydk ngu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj nwljs fnu jax&xqyky [ksyrs gSaA iquhr dh nknh us iyk'k osQ iwQykas dks fHkxksdj jax cukus dh izfØ;k crkbZ ftlls jklk;fud jaxksa osQ iz;ksx ls cpk tk losQA bl rjg ;g vè;k; cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh fot; osQ lans'k osQ lkFk&lkFk i;kZoj.k lqj{kk osQ fy, Hkh vko';d tkudkjh rFkk drZO; osQ izfr lpsr djrk gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) iquhr osQ LowQy dh vxys fnu gksyh osQ R;ksgkj dh NqV~Vh Fkh] blfy, iquhr cgqr [kq'k FkkA

([k) izg~ykn ,d NksVk yM+dk Fkk] tks Hkxoku fo".kq dk HkDr FkkA mlosQ firk dk uke ^fgj.;d';i* FkkA

(x) ^gksfydk* dks vkx esa u tyus dk ojnku feyk gqvk FkkA

fyf[kr

1- (d) fgj.;d';i czg~ek dk ojnku ikdj ?keaMh gks x;k FkkA og [kqn dks nsorkvksa ls Hkh cM+k

le>us yxkA yksxksa ls viuh iwtk djus dks dgrkA ;fn dksbZ mldh ckr u ekurk rks

mls e`R;qnaM nsrkA mlus vius csVs izg~ykn dks cgqr ckj dgk fd og mldh iwtk djs] ij

izg~ykn us fo".kq dh HkfDr djuk ugha NksM+kA vr% Øksf/r gksdj fgj.;d';i vius csVs

dks ejokuk pkgrk FkkA

4 jaxksa dk R;ksgkj

22


([k) gksyh izfro"kZ iQkYxqu eghus dh iwf.kZek dks tykbZ tkrh gSA

(x) jklk;fud jaxksa osQ iz;ksx ls /jrh] isM+&ikS/ksa] ikuh] euq"; tkfr rFkk tho&tarqvksa dks uqdlku

igq¡prk gSA ;s jlk;u tc /jrh dh feV~Vh osQ laioZQ esa vkrs gSa rc tehu osQ vanj jgus

okys tho&tarq rFkk isM+&ikS/ksa dks uqdlku igq¡pkrs gSaA gekjh Ropk osQ fy, Hkh ;s jlk;u

fefJr jax uqdlkunk;d gksrs gSa] buls ^Ropk jksx* iSQyrs gSaA bl rjg ;s jklk;fud jax

lHkh tho/kfj;ksa rFkk i;kZoj.k osQ fy, uqdlkunk;d gSaA

(?k) gksyh dks iatkc izkar esa ^gksyk&eksgYyk*] if'pe caxky esa ^clarksRlo*] rfeyukMq esa

^dkeuiksfMxsbZ*] gfj;k.kk esa ^/qySaMh*] egkjk"Vª esa ^jaxiapeh* rFkk dksad.k esa ^f'kexks* osQ

uke ls eukrs gSaA 2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (ii) (?k) (i) (Ä) (i)

3- (d) (i) oDrk iquhr gSA gksyh dk R;ksgkj meax vkSj mRlkg dk R;ksgkj gSA bl fnu jax] vchj

vkSj xqyky ls ,d&nwljs dks jaxrs gSa] blfy, iquhr eLrh djuk pkgrk gS D;ksafd

bl fnu mls dksbZ ugha jksosQxkA

(ii) gksyh osQ R;ksgkj esa gekjs ?kj esa xqf>;k] xqykctkequ] eBjh] lso] ekok] leksls] bejrh vkfn idoku curs gSaA

(iii) bl R;ksgkj dks jaxksa dk R;ksgkj blfy, dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd ^jaxksa* dks [kqf'k;ksa dk izrhd ekuk tkrk gSA bUgha vyx&vyx jaxksa dk iz;ksx ge ,d&nwljs dks jaxus esa djrs gSaA gj mez osQ yksx pkgs og cPpk gks ;k cq”kqxZ jaxksa ls ”k:j [ksyrs gSa] blfy, bls jaxksa dk R;ksgkj Hkh dgrs gSaA

(iv) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsA

([k) (i) mDr dFku vlqj jktk fgj.;d';i osQ ckjs esa dgk x;k gSA fgj.;d';i us dfBu riL;k djosQ czg~ek th ls ojnku izkIr dj fy;k Fkk fd mls fdlh Hkh euq";] i'kq] vL=k&'kL=k osQ n~okjk ekjk u tk losQA u og lqcg ekjk tk losQ vkSj u jkr dksA bl rjg ojnku ikdj og ?keaMh gks x;kA mldk ,d csVk Fkkµizg~ykn tks fo".kq dk cM+k HkDr FkkA fgj.;d';i dh cgu dk uke gksfydk FkkA

(ii) og [kqn dks Hkxoku ekudj yksxksa ls viuh iwtk djus dks dgrkA ;fn dksbZ mldh ckr u ekurk] rks mls og e`R;qnaM nsrkA

(iii) gksfydk dks vkx esa u tyus dk ojnku izkIr Fkk] ijarq ml ojnku dk nq#i;ksx dj mlus fo".kq HkDr izg~ykn dks tykdj ekjuk pkgkA okLro esa bZ'oj n~okjk fn, x,

23


ojnku dk mi;ksx lkekftd fgr osQ fy, gksuk pkfg, u fd fdlh dh gR;k djus osQ fy,A ojuk ml ojnku dk izHkko [kRe gks tkrk gSA ojnku dk izHkko [kRe gksrs gh gksfydk tydj HkLe gks xbZA

(iv) ;g R;ksgkj cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh thr dk lans'k nsrk gSA cqjh Hkkouk osQ lkFk tc gksfydk vkx dh yiVksa esa cSBh rks [kqn tydj HkLe gks xbZ vkSj izg~ykn cp x;kA tc dksbZ O;fDr nwljksa osQ lkFk cqjk djus dh lksprk gS rks mlh O;fDr osQ lkFk gh cqjk gksrk gSA

4- (d) gksfydk dks vkx ls u tyus dk ojnku izkIr FkkA vr% og izg~ykn dks tykdj ekjus osQ fy,

mls xksn esa ysdj vkx esa cSB tkrh gS] ijarq fo".kq Hkxoku dk HkDr gksus osQ dkj.k izg~ykn

cp tkrk gS vkSj gksfydk ty tkrh gS] blfy, dgk tkrk gS] ¶tkdks jk[ks lkb;k¡ ekj losQ

u dks;A¸ vFkkZr Hkxoku ftlosQ lkFk gksrs gSa] mldk dksbZ oqQN ugha fcxkM+ ldrkA

([k) izLrqr iafDr dk vk'k; gS fd Hkxoku us /jrh] vkdk'k] gok vkSj ikuh lc gekjs fy, gh

cuk, gSaA vxj ge budks LoPN j[ksaxs rks ge [kqn gh LoLFk jgsaxsA vr% gesa viuh izÑfr

ls vius ifjokj dh rjg gh I;kj djuk pkfg,A

Hkk"kk cks/

1- L=khfyax iqfYyax nknh iyk'k gksyh iwQy gfj;kyh ojnku Nk=kk idoku [kq'kh vè;kid rk”kxh HkDr gksfydk vk¡xu 2- (d) LFkkuokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k ([k) LFkkuokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k

(x) dkyokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k (?k) dkyokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k (Ä) jhfrokpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k 3- (d) xzg ([k) vksj (x) pkyd (?k) 'kksd (Ä) Ñi.k

24


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) izg~ykn dkSu Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ¶okg nknh! dy rks gekjk iwjk Hkkjr jaxhu gks tk,xk] eq>s Hkh fipdkjh vkSj jax pkfg,A¸ oDrk dkSu gS\ mldh [kq'kh dk D;k dkj.k gS\

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) Hkkjr jaxhu gksus dk D;k vfHkizk; gS\ le>kb,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(?k) izfro"kZ ^gksfydk ngu* D;ksa fd;k tkrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) fgj.;d';i [kqn dks nsorkvksa ls cM+k D;ksa le>us yxk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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25


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse fyf[k,µ 4

(d) izkÑfrd µ ------------------------- ([k) nso µ -------------------------

(x) ojnku µ ------------------------- (?k) cqjkbZ µ -------------------------

(Ä) vkKk µ ------------------------- (p) iz'u µ -------------------------

(N) thr µ ------------------------- (t) iwf.kZek µ -------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn fyf[k,µ 2

(d) vuy µ ------------------------- ([k) vfuy µ -------------------------

(x) fpj µ ------------------------- (?k) phj µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx dj okD; cukb,µ 4

(d) idoku µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) e`R;qnaM µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) drZO; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ojnku µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

26


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 (d) izg~ykn ,d NksVk yM+dk Fkk] tks Hkxoku fo".kq dk HkDr FkkA mlosQ firk dk uke

^fgj.;d';i* FkkA

([k) oDrk îquhr* gSA mlosQ LowQy dh dy NqV~Vh gS vkSj dy gksyh dk R;ksgkj Hkh gS] blfy,

og cgqr [kq'k gSA

(x) jaxksa dk R;ksgkj ^gksyh* iwjs Hkkjr esa euk;k tkrk gS vkSj gj txg bl fnu jax] vchj ,oa

xqyky dk iz;ksx ,d&nwljs dks jaxus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blfy, Hkkjr jaxhu gksus dh

ckr dgh xbZ gSA

(?k) ^gksfydk ngu* cqjkb;ksa osQ u"V gksus dk izrhd gSA blfy, dbZ ifjokj fey&tqydj

ydfM+;k¡ bdV~Bh djosQ vkl&ikl dh xanxh dks tykrs gSaA eu esa tks f'kdk;rsa gksrh gSa]

mUgsa Hkqykdj izse&Hkko ls nwljs fnu jax&xqyky [ksyrs gSaA

(Ä) fgj.;d';i us dfBu riL;k djosQ czg~ek th ls ojnku izkIr dj fy;k Fkk fd mls fdlh

Hkh euq";] i'kq] vL=k&'kL=k osQ n~okjk ekjk u tk losQA u og lqcg ekjk tk losQ vkSj

u jkr dksA bl rjg og ojnku ikdj ?keaMh gks x;k] og [kqn dks nsorkvksa ls Hkh cM+k

le>us yxkA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) Ñf=ke ([k) nkuo (x) vfHk'kki (?k) vPNkbZ (Ä) voKk (p) mRrj (N) gkj (t) vekoL;k 2- (d) vkx ([k) ok;q (x) nsj (?k) diM+k 3- cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

27


vH;kl iz'u&i=&&1

1- (d) fpfM+;k¡ ([k) jax&fcjaxs

(x) cdfj;k¡ (?k) R;ksgkjksa

2- (d) csXke ([k) eksjuh

(x) iq#"k (?k) nknh

3- (d) mtkyk ([k) nq[kh

(x) vlyh (?k) vizkÑfrd

4- (d) lw;Z] fnudj ([k) vj.;] ou

(x) jktk] uì (?k) u;k] uohu

5- (d) lwjt iwQy&iRrksa] fpfM+;ksa] i'kq&if{k;ksa o euq";ksa lHkh dks txkrk gSA

([k) ckn'kkg vdcj dk egy mRrj izns'k osQ vkxjk 'kgj esa FkkA

(x) uoo"kZ osQ vkxeu dh [kq'kh esa fnYyh gkV ltk;k x;k FkkA bl fnu cgqr lkjs yksx

[kjhnkjh djus vkrs gSaA

(?k) iquhr osQ LowQy dh vxys fnu gksyh osQ R;ksgkj dh NqV~Vh Fkh] blfy, iquhr cgqr [kq'k FkkA

28


lkjka'k

bl dfork esa dfo us frryh osQ ekè;e ls isM+ksa dh dVkbZ ij jksd yxkus dk lans'k fn;k gSA dfo dks dfork fy[krs ns[k mM+rs&mM+rs frryh us mUgsa vius lHkh lkfFk;ksa dh O;Fkk dks cM+s gh ekfeZd 'kCnksa esa crk;kA isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dVus ls mudk Hkkstu vkSj BkSj&fBdkuk dgk¡ gksxk\ og mudh vksj ls blosQ ckjs esa nqfu;k ls iz'u iwNus vkSj mRrj e¡xokus osQ fy, dgrh gSA euq"; viuh LokFkZ iwfrZ osQ fy, ;g lc dj jgk gS rks ogh crk ldrk gS fd mudk thou oSQls pysxkA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) frryh isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dkVs tkus ls nq[kh gSA ([k) iwQyksa dh jkuh ^frryh* dks dgk tkrk gSA jax&fcjaxs iwQyksa dh rjg buosQ Hkh jax&fcjaxs lqanj

ia[k gksrs gSaA os bUgha iwQyksa osQ vkl&ikl gh e¡Mjkrh jgrh gSaA ;gh budk lkezkT; gksrk gS] blfy, bUgsa iwQyksa dh jkuh dgk tkrk gSA

(x) nknk th ls frryh us dgk fd os viuh dfork esa mldh O;Fkk fy[kdj nqfu;k rd igq¡pk,A fcuk isM+&ikS/ksa osQ mudk thou dfBu gks tk,xk] blfy, isM+&ikS/ksa dh dVkbZ dks jksduk pkfg,A

fyf[kr

1- (d) frrfy;ksa osQ vykok iwQyksa osQ vkl&ikl Hkzej e¡Mjkrs gSaA e/qefD[k;k¡ Hkh iwQyksa osQ jl dks ,df=kr djrh gSa] ftlls 'kgn curk gSA

([k) isM+&ikS/ksa osQ fcuk if{k;ksa dk thfor jg ikuk eqf'dy gksxkA ;fn muosQ ?kksalys ”kehu ij jgsaxs rks ”kehu ij jgus okys vU; i'kq] tho&tarq mUgsa uqdlku vo'; igq¡pk,¡xsA ?kjksa dh Nrksa ij os oqQN le; osQ fy, jg ldrs gSa] ijarq LokFkhZ euq"; mUgsa ogk¡ Hkh ugha NksM+saxsA Hkh"k.k xjeh vkSj Hkkjh o"kkZ esa Nrksa ij cus muosQ ?kksalys Hkh lqjf{kr ugha jgsaxsA

(x) euq"; isM+ksa dh dVkbZ vius LokFkZ dh iwfrZ osQ fy, djrk gSA isM+ksa dh ydM+h ls iQuhZpj curk gS] dkxt cuk;k tkrk gS] nokb;k¡ curh gSaA bu ydfM+;ksa dks cspdj og vf/d&ls&vfèkd /u dekuk pkgrk gSA isM+ksa dks dkVdj [kkyh ”kehu ij bekjrsa cukdj vf/d èku ikuk pkgrk gSA euq"; /u osQ ykyp esa gjs&Hkjs isM+&ikS/ksa dh dVkbZ djrk gSA

2- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (i) (?k) (ii)

5 dfBu nkSj

29


3- (d) (i) mi;qZDr nh xbZ iafDr;ksa esa oDrk ,d frryh gSA og nknk th ls vius ckjs esa fy[kus dks dg jgh gSA

(ii) iwQyksa osQ ikS/s yksxksa us dkV Mkys gSa] blfy, vc iwQy ugha f[ky jgs gSaA (iii) oDrk us Jksrk dks viuh O;Fkk crkbZ fd os eqf'dy le; ls xq”kj jgh gSaA isM+&ikSèks

dV pqosQ gSaA tks FkksM+s cps gSa] os Hkh 'kk;n dV tk,¡xsA blfy, nqfu;k osQ yksxksa ls ;g iwNsa fd i{kh vkSj dhV iraxs vc dgk¡ jgsaxsA

(iv) ^dfBu nkSj* ls rkRi;Z êqf'dy ?kM+h* ls gSA frryh dk Hkkstu iwQyksa dk jl gksrk gSA mUgha iwQyksa osQ ikS/ksa ij gh os jgrh gSaA ;fn ;s lc blh rjg dVrs x, rks mudk thfor jg ikuk eqf'dy gSA

([k) (i) oDrk frryh osQ lkFk&lkFk fpfM+;k] dks;y] Hk¡ojs Hkh fpafrr gSaA (ii) oDrk ^frryh* nqfu;k ls ;g iwNuk pkgrh gS fd isM+&ikS/ksa osQ fcuk vc mudk jgus

dk LFkku D;k gksxk\ nqfu;k ls og blfy, iwN jgh gS] D;ksafd nqfu;k osQ yksxksa us gh isM+&ikS/ksa dks dkVdj muosQ lkeus dfBukbZ mRiUu dj nh gS] blfy, og tkuuk pkgrh gS fd isM+&ikS/ksa dks dkVrs le; mUgksaus gekjs ckjs esa D;k lkspk Fkk\

(iii) ftl rjg bl dfork esa ,d uUgh frryh isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dVus ls ijs'kku gS vkSj viuh ijs'kkuh dks dfork osQ ekè;e ls nqfu;k rd igq¡pkuk pkgrh gSA mlls Li"V gS fd isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dVus ls mu ij vkfJr dhV&iraxksa vkSj if{k;ksa dk thou [krjs esa vk tk,xkA isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dVus ls i;kZoj.k izHkkfor gksrk gS ftlls euq"; tkfr dks Hkh [krjk gSA

(iv) cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

Hkk"kk cks/ 1- (d) ikS/s ([k) HkkSajs (x) fpfM+;k¡ (?k) isaflysa 2- (d) jke vkSj lhrk ouokl osQ fy, dc pys x,\ D;k jke vkSj lhrk ouokl osQ fy, pys x,\ jke vkSj lhrk ouokl osQ fy, D;ksa pys x,\ ([k) frryh us dfork fy[kus esa nknk th dh enn dc dh\ D;k frryh us dfork fy[kus esa nknk th dh enn dh\ frryh us dfork fy[kus esa nknk th dh enn D;ksa dh\ (x) gjs&Hkjs isM+ dc vPNs yxrs gSa\ D;k gjs&Hkjs isM+ vPNs yxrs gSa\ gjs&Hkjs isM+ D;ksa vPNs yxrs gSa\ 3- (d) HkkSajk Hkzej ([k) dksfdy oufiz; (x) foVi r# (?k) lalkj tx (Ä) izkr% m"kk 4- isM+&ikS/s isM+ksa jax&fcjaxs 'kqn~/&ok;q izk.kok;q nwf"kr ok;q 'kqn~/&ok;q dkVuk ykyp taxyh nq[kh o`{k yxkuk

30


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) frryh fdlls dfork fy[kus osQ fy, dg jgh gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) frrfy;ksa dk Hkkstu D;k gksrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dfork osQ dfo dk uke fyf[k,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) frryh dh ijs'kkuh dk D;k dkj.k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) euq"; isM+ksa dh dVkbZ D;ksa djrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

31


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fØ;k 'kCnksa dks js[kkafdr dhft,µ 4

(d) frryh mM+ jgh gSA

([k) isM+&ikS/ksa dh dVkbZ gks jgh gSA

(x) iwQy f[ky jgs gSaA

(?k) Hk¡ojk xqatu dj jgk gSA

2- lgh feyku dhft,µ 3

(d) Hk¡ojk oqQgw&oqQgw

([k) dks;y lk¡;&lk¡;

(x) gok Vi&Vi

(?k) ckfj'k xqatu

(Ä) fpfM+;k dk¡o&dk¡o

(p) dkSvk pha&pha

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) iwQy µ ------------------------- -------------------------

([k) O;Fkk µ ------------------------- -------------------------

(x) nqfu;k µ ------------------------- -------------------------

32


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) frryh nknk th ls dfork fy[kus osQ fy, dg jgh gSA

([k) frrfy;ksa dk Hkkstu iwQyksa dk jl gksrk gSA

(x) dfork osQ dfo dk uke îzHkqn;ky JhokLro* gSA

(?k) isM+ksa osQ dVus ls frryh vkSj mlosQ lHkh lkFkh ijs'kku gSa] D;ksafd mudk thou isM+&ikSèkksa

ij gh fuHkZj jgrk gSA ogha ls mUgsa Hkkstu feyrk gS vkSj ogha os lc jgrs gSaA isM+&ikS/ksa

osQ u gksus ij mudk thou thuk vlaHko gS tks mudh lcls cM+h ijs'kkuh gSA

(Ä) euq"; isM+ksa dh dVkbZ vius LokFkZ osQ fy, djrk gSA isM+ksa dks dkVdj og iQuhZpj] dkx”k]

nokb;k¡ vkfn cukrk gSA lkFk gh isM+ksa dks dkVdj mudh ydM+h cspdj o [kkyh ”kehu

ij bekjrsa cukdj vf/d&ls&vf/d /u dekuk pkgrk gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) frryh mM+ jgh gSA ([k) isM+&ikS/ksa dh dVkbZ gks jgh gSA (x) iwQy f[ky jgs gSaA (?k) Hk¡ojk xqatu dj jgk gSA 2- (d) Hk¡ojk xqatu ([k) dks;y oqQgw&oqQgw (x) gok lk¡;&lk¡; (?k) ckfj'k Vi&Vi (Ä) fpfM+;k pha&pha (p) dkSvk dk¡o&dk¡o 3- (d) iq"i oqQlqe ([k) ihM+k nq[k (x) lalkj tx

rr


33

lkjka'k

'ksjkstk dk tUefnu FkkA mls dbZ migkj feys FksA mu migkjksa esa f[kykSus] isafVaXl vkSj ydM+h dk fiatjk (VªSi) feyk FkkA fiatjk mls cgqr ilan vk;k tks mlosQ vady us migkj esa fn;k FkkA 'ksjkstk us vady osQ lq>k, x, rjhdksa ls ml fiatjs esa ,d uUgh fpfM+;k dks idM+ fy;kA fiatjs esa oSQn gks tkus ij og ôkbYM dusjh* tkfr dh fpfM+;k ckgj fudyus dks NViVk jgh FkhA 'ksjkstk dh ek¡ us mls fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn djus osQ fy, dbZ ckj le>k;k ij mlus mudh ckr u ekuhA rhljs fnu ls mldh fpfM+;k esa fnypLih de gks xbZA fiatjk cgqr xank gks pqdk FkkA mlesa j[kk ikuh Hkh iqjkuk gks pqdk FkkA mldh ykijokgh ls ukjk”k gksdj 'ksjkstk dh ek¡ us ml fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn dj nsus dh lykg nhA 'ksjkstk us mudh ckr u ekuh vkSj fiatjs dh lI+kQkbZ 'kq: dj nhA uUgha fpfM+;k fiatjs dk njok”kk [kqyk ns[k ckgj fudy vkbZA dejs esa ia[k iSQykdj b/j&m/j iqQndus yxh] ijarq 'ksjkstk us mls fiQj ls oSQn dj fn;kA vxys fnu fiatjs esa iM+h uUgh fpfM+;k v/ejh&lh gks xbZ Fkh vkSj mldh lk¡lsa rs”k&rs”k py jgh FkhaA vugksuh gksus dh vk'kadk ls 'ksjkstk cgqr Mj x;k FkkA jkr dks fpfM+;k dh ekSr gks xbZA bl ?kVuk dk mls cM+k xgjk nq[k igq¡pk vkSj mls ;g le> esa vk x;k fd vius 'kkSd osQ fy, fdlh Hkh tho dks oSQn ugha djuk pkfg,A

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) 'ksjkstk dks mlosQ tUefnu ij <sj lkjs migkj feys FksA fdlh us [kwclwjr isafVaXl nh rks fdlh us ?kksM+sokyk f[kykSuk vkSj ydM+h dk fiatjk Hkh mls migkj esa feyk FkkA

([k) 'ksjkstk osQ vady us mls migkj esa fpfM+;k idM+us okyk ,d ydM+h dk fiatjk fn;k FkkA

(x) 'ksjkstk dks vady us fpfM+;k dks fiatjs esa i¡Qlkus osQ rjhosQ crk, FksA mlus fiatjk ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa j[kdj mlesa nkus fc[ksj fn,A FkksM+h gh nsj esa nkuksa osQ fy, fpfM+;k fiatjs esa xbZ vkSj fiatjs dk njok”kk can gks x;kA bl rjg fpfM+;k ml fiatjs esa i¡Ql xbZA

6 migkj

34


fyf[kr

1- (d) 'ksjkstk dh ek¡ us mls fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn djus dh lykg nh] D;ksafd 'ksjkstk mldh ns[kHkky

Bhd ls ugha djrk FkkA fiatjk csgn xank gks pqdk Fkk vkSj mlesa j[kk ikuh Hkh iqjkuk gks

pqdk FkkA blh ckr ls ukjk”k gksdj ek¡ us mls lykg nhA

([k) gk¡] fpfM+;k 'ksjkstk ls Mjrh gksxhA 'ksjkstk us mls fiatjs esa can djosQ j[kk Fkk] fiQj tc rd

og fiatjs dh lI+kQkbZ djrk jgk] ml nkSjku og uUgh fpfM+;k cqjh rjg iQM+iQM+k jgh FkhA

'ksjkstk us mldh vk”kknh Nhu yh Fkh] mls oSQn djosQ j[kk Fkk blfy, og mlls Mjrh gksxhA

(x) 'ksjkstk papy o ftn~nh LoHkko dk yM+dk FkkA mlus viuh [kq'kh osQ fy, fpfM+;k dks

fiatjs esa oSQn dj j[kk FkkA ;g mldh ukle>h Fkh] ijarq ogh fpfM+;k tc v/ejh&lh

gks xbZ rc mls vR;ar nq[k gqvk vkSj mlus viuh xyrh ls lcd lh[kdj le>nkjh dk

ifjp; fn;kA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iii) (x) (ii) (?k) (iii)

3- (d) (i) oDrk 'ksjkstk rFkk Jksrk 'ksjkstk dh ek¡ gSA 'ksjkstk ,d NksVk yM+dk gS ftls fpfM+;ksa

dh vkok”k cgqr ilan gS] ijarq mldh ek¡ dks if{k;ksa dks oSQn djosQ j[kuk fcYoqQy

ilan ugha gSA

(ii) oDrk 'ksjkstk dks fiatjk mlosQ vady us mlosQ tUefnu osQ migkj osQ :i esa fn;k FkkA

(iii) oDrk 'ksjkstk us ml fiatjs dks ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa j[kdj vanj vukt osQ nkus fc[ksj

fn,A oqQN gh nsj esa fpfM+;k mu nkuksa dks pqxus osQ fy, vkbZ rks fiatjs dk njok”kk

can gks x;k vkSj og mlesa oSQn gks xbZA

(iv) 'ksjkstk us fpfM+;k dh ns[kHkky djus osQ fy, tks ckrsa dgh Fkh mlus oSlk ugha fd;kA

mlus fiatjs dh lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ ugha dhA rhu fnu esa gh mldh fpfM+;k esa fnypLih

de gks xbZ FkhA mldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd fpfM+;k dh e`R;q gks xbZA

([k) (i) 'ksjkstk dks ;g psrkouh mldh ek¡ us nh] D;ksafd 'ksjkstk u rks ml uUgh fpfM+;k osQ

fiatjs dh lkI+kQ&lI+kQkbZ djrk Fkk] u gh mls nkuk&ikuh nsrk FkkA

(ii) 'ksjkstk ,d papy LoHkko dk o ykijokg yM+dk FkkA ,d&nks fnu osQ ckn gh mldh

fpfM+;k esa fnypLih de gks xbZ Fkh] blfy, og mldh ns[kHkky ugha dj jgk FkkA

mls uUgh fpfM+;k ilan Fkh] ij mldh ns[kHkky djus esa ykijokg vkSj vkylh FkkA

35


(iii) ,d uUgh fpfM+;k Hkh viuh vk”kknh pkgrh FkhA tc og fiatjs esa oSQn gks xbZ rc fiatjs dh nhokj ij pksap ekjdj ckgj vkus osQ fy, NViVk jgh FkhA fiatjs dk njok”kk [kqyk ikdj ogh fpfM+;k ia[k iSQykdj dejs esa b/j&m/j iqQndus yxh FkhA var esa uUgh fpfM+;k us vk”kknh osQ fy, la?k"kZ djrs&djrs izk.k R;kx fn,A

(iv) dgkuh osQ var esa 'ksjkstk dks ;g le> esa vk x;k fd vius 'kkSd osQ fy, nwljs tho dks oSQn ugha djuk pkfg,A ;g lcd ml migkj osQ ewY; ls dgha ”;knk cM+k FkkA fpfM+;k dh ekSr ls 'ksjkstk dks cgqr xgjk >Vdk yxk FkkA ftldh o”kg ls jkrHkj og lks u ldkA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) ekSle cM+k lqgkouk gSA

([k) esjh vyekjh ydM+h dh cuh gSA

(x) 'ksjkstk ml fiatjs dks ikdj [kq'k gqvkA

(?k) fon~;ky; esa mifLFkr jguk vko';d gSA

(Ä) oaQxuk esjh fiz; lgsyh gSA

2- (d) larjs (d) nsfo;k¡

([k) fdrkcsa ([k) cdfj;k¡

(x) f[kykSus (x) ufn;k¡

(?k) nkus (?k) pwfM+;k¡ 3- (d) Lora=krk ([k) izlUurk (x) dBksjrk (?k) ohjrk (Ä) ozwQjrk (p) fuHkZ;rk

36


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) tUefnu ij 'ksjkstk dks D;k&D;k migkj feys Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) 'ksjkstk dh ek¡ us mls fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn djus osQ fy, D;ksa dgk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) 'ksjkstk ml fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn D;ksa ugha djuk pkgrk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) 'ksjkstk dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl dc gqvk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) izLrqr ikB ls vkidks D;k lh[k feyrh gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

37


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2




(d) vk”kkn µ ------------------------- ([k) ewY; µ -------------------------

(x) eku µ ------------------------- (?k) [kwclwjr µ -------------------------

(Ä) lqiq=k µ ------------------------- (p) tUe µ -------------------------

(N) ehBk µ ------------------------- (t) iqjkuk µ -------------------------

2- uhps fy[ks eqgkojksa osQ vFkZ fyf[k,µ 3

(d) gkFk&iSj iwQyuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vafre lk¡lsa fxuuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) vkleku flj ij mBkuk µ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- v'kqn~/ 'kCnksa dks 'kqn~/ djosQ okD; iqu% fyf[k,µ 3

(d) vkt euh dk tUenhu FkkA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vady dk migkj fo'kh"V FkkA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) mldh mifLFkrh osQ dkj.k ogk¡ i{kh ugha vk jgs FksA

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

38


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 (d) tUefnu ij 'ksjkstk dks isafVaXl] f[kykSus] fpfM+;k idM+us okyk ,d ydM+h dk fiatjk vkfn

migkj feys FksA

([k) 'ksjkstk ml fpfM+;k dh ns[kHkky Bhd ls ugha dj jgk FkkA mldh fpfM+;k esa fnypLih

de gks xbZ FkhA ;g lc ns[kdj ek¡ us mls fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn djus osQ fy, dgkA

(x) 'ksjkstk dks fpfM+;ksa dh vkok”ksa cgqr ilan FkhA mlus vius euksjatu vkSj 'kkSd osQ fy,

fpfM+;k dks fiatjs esa oSQn dj j[kk FkkA og ykijokg vkSj f”kn~nh LoHkko dk Fkk] blfy,

og ml fpfM+;k dks vk”kkn ugha djuk pkgrk FkkA

(?k) 'ksjkstk dks viuh xyrh dk vglkl rc gqvk tc ml uUgh fpfM+;k dh ekSr gks xbZA

vk”kknh osQ fy, la?k"kZ djrh gqbZ og fpfM+;k mls cgqr cM+k lcd fl[kk dj pyh xbZA

(Ä) izLrqr ikB ls gesa ;g lh[k feyrh gS fd gesa vius 'kkSd osQ fy, nwljs tho dks oSQn

ugha djuk pkfg,A vk”kknh ekuo o i'kq nksuksa osQ fy, egRRoiw.kZ gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) oSQn ([k) vewY; (x) vieku (?k) cnlwjr

(Ä) oqQiq=k (p) e`R;q

(N) dM+ok (t) u;k

2- (d) cgqr vf/d Mj tkuk ([k) e`R;q osQ fudV gksuk (x) cgqr 'kksj djuk

3- (d) vkt euh dk tUefnu FkkA

([k) vady dk migkj fof'k"V FkkA

(x) mldh mifLFkfr osQ dkj.k ogk¡ i{kh ugha vk jgs FksArr


39

lkjka'k

MkWDVj fo'oaHkj ckcw lIrxzke tkus dh rS;kjh esa yxs FksA mUgsa ogk¡ osQ ”kehankj osQ yM+osQ osQ byk”k osQ fy, tkuk FkkA mUgksaus ikydh dh Nr ij nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh dldj c¡/okbZ vkSj vius lsod 'kaHkw rFkk dgkjksa vkSj mlosQ ljnkj cqn~/w osQ lkFk fudy iM+sA jkLrs Hkj os 'kaHkw osQ ohjrkiw.kZ dkjukes ;kn djosQ vkuan mBk jgs FksA os fo".kqiqj rd igq¡ps Fks fd v¡/sjk gksus yxkA lIrxzke ;gk¡ ls yxHkx lkr fdyksehVj nwj FkkA ;g tkudj Hkh fo'oaHkj ckcw ogk¡ #duk ugha pkgrs Fks] D;ksafd mUgsa ejh”k dh ¯prk FkhA rHkh nwj ls MkoqQvksa dks lkeus ls vkrk ns[k lkjs dgkj b/j&m/j Hkkxdj fNi x,A fo'oaHkj ckcw us 'kaHkw dks iqdkjkA 'kaHkw fuMj] lkglh vkSj rkdroj FkkA mlus MkoqQvksa dk MVdj lkeuk fd;k vkSj mUgsa ?kk;y dj fn;kA ckn esa fo'oaHkj ckcw us MkoqQvksa dh ejge&iV~Vh Hkh dhA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd (d) fo'oaHkj ckcw ,d izfln~/ MkWDVj gSaA nwj&njk”k osQ yksx Hkh mudh fpfdRlk ij fo'okl j[krs

gSaA MkWDVj ckcw dk fo'oluh; lsod gS ^'kaHkw*A ([k) ^dgkj* ikydh <ksus dk dke djrs gSaA (x) dgkuh esa ik¡p dgkj gSaA ftuesa cqn~/w dgkjksa dk ljnkj gSA vU; dgkjksa osQ uke gSaµiYyw] cxyw]

cD'kh vkSj fo".kqA

fyf[kr 1- (d) lIrxzke osQ tehankj dk yM+dk cM+s d"V esa FkkA fo'oaHkj ckcw 'kh?kz gh ogk¡ igq¡pdj

mldh fpfdRlk djuk pkgrs FksA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd os pjokgs osQ euk djus ij #duk ugha pkgrs FksA

([k) MkoqQvksa osQ vkus ij lkjs dgkj Mj osQ ekjs ;gk¡&ogk¡ Hkkxdj fNi x,] D;ksafd os lkjs Mjiksd FksA

(x) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsA (?k) MkWDVj fo'oaHkj ckcw ljy LoHkko osQ g¡leq[k O;fDr FksA os fdlh dks d"V esa ugha ns[k

ldrs Fks] blfy, lIrxzke tkus osQ fy, Hkh cM+h 'kh?kzrk fn[kkrs gSaA jkLrs esa MoSQrksa dk Hkh bykt djrs gSa tks muosQ n;kyq LoHkko dks n'kkZrk gSA

7 MkWDVjh

40


2- (d) (ii) ([k) (i) (x) (ii) (?k) (i) (Ä) (iii) 3- (d) (i) mDr dFku fo'oaHkj ckcw us 'kaHkw ls dgk] D;ksafd os yach ;k=kk ij lIrxzke tk

jgs FksA (ii) nokb;k¡ ysdj oDrk lIrxzke tkuk pkgrk FkkA ogk¡ osQ ”kehankj dk yM+dk chekj Fkk

ftlosQ bykt osQ fy, fo'oaHkj ckcw dks cqyok;k x;k FkkA (iii) fo".kqiqj osQ ikl ikydh dh Nr ij c¡/h nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh dh jLlh [kqy tkrh

gS vkSj nokb;k¡ uhps vk fxjrh gSaA v¡/sjk cgqr gks pqdk Fkk vkSj rHkh ikydh dk MaMk Hkh VwV tkrk gS vkSj dgkj ikydh mBk gh ugha ikrsA fo'oaHkj ckcw us jkr ogha fcrkus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gh Fkk fd lkeus ls MkowQ vkrs u”kj vk,A lkjs dgkj ogk¡ ls Mjdj Hkkx x, rc 'kaHkq us vosQys MkoqQvksa dk lkeuk fd;kA

(iv) 'kaHkw cyoku gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk cgknqj Hkh gSA mldh cgknqjh eq>s lcls vPNh yxhA eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh og ?kcjkrk ugha gS] cfYd MVdj mudk lkeuk djrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] tc ik¡p MkowQ mUgsa ywVus osQ bjkns ls vk jgs Fks] lkjs dgkj Hkh Mjdj fNi x, rc 'kaHkw us viuh cgknqjh vkSj lw>&cw> ls vpkud okj dj mUgsa ?kk;y dj fn;kA

([k) (i) oDrk 'kaHkw dks jhN oaqQHkhjk osQ taxy esa feyk FkkA (ii) oDrk 'kaHkw dks ml jhN us idM+ fy;k FkkA rc 'kaHkw fcyoqQy Mjk ugha] cfYd gkFk

esa idM+s MaMs dks ,slk ?kqek;k fd ml jhN dh jh<+ dh gM~Mh VwV xbZA og jhN tehu ij ,slk fxjk fd mlesa mBus rd dk ne u jgkA

(iii) oaqQHkhjk osQ taxy esa jhN ls gqbZ 'kaHkw dh eqBHksM+ esa jhN ?kk;y gksdj fxj iM+rk gSA Lo.kZxat esa tc 'kaHkw unh ij ikuh ysus x;k Fkk] rc ?kfM+;ky us mldk iSj idM+ fy;k FkkA rc 'kaHkw us mls MaMs ls cgqr ihVkA dgkuh osQ var esa ,d VwVs gq, MaMs dks isaQddj rhu MkoqQvksa dks ?kk;y dj fn;kA bu lc ?kVukvksa ls Li"V gksrk gS fd 'kaHkw cM+k cyoku FkkA

(iv) fon~;kFkhZ viuh dYiuk'kfDr osQ vuqlkj mRrj fy[ksaxsA 4- (d) 3 ([k) 2 (x) 4 (?k) 5 (Ä) 1

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) fpfdRld ([k) cyoku (x) Mjiksd (?k) MoSQr (Ä) n;koku@n;kyq 2- (d) vjs HkkbZ! oSQls u ?kcjk,¡\ ([k) l----lc yksx! dkSu lc yksx\ (x) gk¡] ckcw! fo".kqiqj gSA (?k) vjs dksbZ gS] cpkvks! dksbZ cpkvks! (Ä) 'kaHkw! >ViV nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh [kksyksA 3- (d) gks'k mM+ x,A ([k) rkjs fn[kus yxsA (x) mYVs ik¡o Hkkx x,A

41


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) fo'oaHkj ckcw dgk¡ tk jgs Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) fo'oaHkj ckcw osQ lkFk dkSu&dkSu Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ekxZ esa muosQ lkFk D;k ?kVuk ?kVh\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) fo'oaHkj ckcw nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh D;ksa [kqyokrs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ;s laokn fdlus&fdlls dgs\ fdlus fdlls nokb;ksa dks l¡Hkkyus dh f”kEesnkjh esjh gSA ------------------------- -------------------------

jkLrs esa MkoqQvksa dk vM~Mk gSA ------------------------- -------------------------

42


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- lgh fodYi pqudj () dk fu'kku yxkb,µ 2 (d) lgh orZuh gSµ (i) MkowQ (ii) MkoqQ (iii) MkowQvksa ([k) MkWDVj dk vFkZ gSµ (i) fpfdRlk (ii) ejht (iii) fpfdRld (x) ûnh* 'kCn dk i;kZ; ugha gSµ (i) tyn (ii) rfVuh (iii) lfjrk (?k) ^nokbZ* dk cgqopu 'kCn gSµ (i) nokbZ;k¡ (ii) nokb;k¡ (iii) nokf;;k¡

2- fo'ks"k.k vkSj fo'ks"; vyx djosQ fyf[k,µ 4

fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

(d) Mjiksd dgkj -------------------------- --------------------------

([k) n;kyq MkWDVj -------------------------- --------------------------

(x) cyoku 'kaHkw -------------------------- --------------------------

(?k) VwVk MaMk -------------------------- --------------------------

3- lgh fojke&fpg~u yxkdj okD; nqckjk fyf[k,µ 4

(d) pfy, ckcw lc rS;kj gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) rqeus nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh dl dj ck¡/h gS fd ugha --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) D;k ckr gS ckcw D;k lksp jgs gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) okg ckcw tks gesa ekjus vk, Fks mUgsa gh vki cpkuk pkgrs gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) fo'oaHkj ckcw lIrxzke tk jgs FksA

([k) fo'oaHkj ckcw osQ lkFk mudk lsod 'kaHkw] dgkjksa dk ljnkj cqn~/w rFkk pkj dgkj iYyw]

cxyw] cD'kh vkSj fo".kq FksA

(x) fo".kqiqj ls FkksM+k vkxs tkus ij ikydh dh Nr ij c¡/h nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh dh jLlh [kqy

tkus ls lkjh nokb;k¡ fxjdj fc[kj xbZ] fiQj ikydh dk MaMk VwV x;kA mlh le; MkoqQvksa

dk lewg vk x;kA 'kaHkw us mu MkoqQvksa dks MaMk ekjdj ?kk;y dj fn;kA

(?k) fo'oaHkj ckcw nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh MkoqQvksa dh ejge&iV~Vh djus osQ fy, [kqyokrs gSaA

(Ä) 'kaHkw us] fo'oaHkj ckcw ls

pjokgs us] fo'oaHkj ckcw ls

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) (i) ([k) (iii) (x) (i) (?k) (ii)

2- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks";

(d) Mjiksd dgkj ([k) n;kyq MkWDVj (x) cyoku 'kaHkw (?k) VwVk MaMk

3- (d) pfy, ckcw! lc rS;kj gSA

([k) rqeus nokb;ksa dh fiVkjh dldj ck¡/h gS fd ugha\

(x) D;k ckr gS] ckcw! D;k lksp jgs gSa\

(?k) okg] ckcw! tks gesa ekjus vk, Fks] mUgsa gh vki cpkuk pkgrs gSa!rr

44


lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB esa phaVh viuh vkRedFkk lquk jgh gSµesjk uke phaVh gSA esjk 'kjhj rhu Hkkxksaµflj] o{k vkSj /M+ esa c¡Vk gksrk gSA o{k ls esjs Ng iSj tqM+s gksrs gSa] tks dHkh lh/s ugha gks ldrsA fdlh cPps dh fy[kkoV vPNh u gksus ij vè;kid Hkh eq>s ;kn djrs gSaA eq>s dBksj ifjJeh osQ uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA dke osQ izfr yxu vkSj vuq'kklu dk ge phafV;k¡ ikyu djrh gSaA lkekftd izk.kh gksus osQ ukrs gekjs Hkh ifjokj gksrs gSaA 'kjhj osQ vuqikr vkSj 'kfDr osQ vk/kj ij gekjs dk;Z foHkkftr gksrs gSaA dkjhxj osQ xq.k okyh phafV;k¡ 'kgj cukrh gSa vkSj lSfud phafV;k¡ ml 'kgj dh j{kk djrh gSaA Jfed phafV;k¡ Hkkstu tqVkus rFkk mls lqjf{kr j[kus dk LFkku r; djrh gSaA tc eq>s fdlh [krjs dk vkHkkl gksrk gS rks eSa mldh Ropk ij dkVrh gw¡ vkSj eq¡g ls vEy fxjk nsrh gw¡ ftlls mls [kqtyh vkSj tyu gksus yxrh gSA blfy, gkFkh Hkh eq>s Mjrk gSA ehBh ph”ksa [+kkldj jlhys iQy vkSj 'kgn gesa cgqr ilan gSA vktdy yksx gokcan fMCcksa esa ehBh ph”ksa j[krs gSa] ftlls ge ogk¡ rd igq¡p ugha ikrsA fiQj Hkh ge phafV;k¡ deZ djrs jgus dks gh viuk mn~ns'; ekurh gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrjekSf[kd (d) phaVh dk 'kjhj rhu Hkkxksa esa c¡Vk gksrk gSA vxz Hkkxµflj] eè; Hkkxµo{k vkSj fiNyk Hkkxµ

/M+ dgykrk gSA ([k) phaVh dks dBksj ifjJeh blfy, dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd phafV;k¡ ges'kk dke esa yxh jgrh gSaA os

ftl dke dks 'kq: djrh gSa] mls iwjh yxu osQ lkFk iwjk djrh gSaA (x) ge vius vkl&ikl T;knkrj nks jaxksa dh phafV;k¡ ns[krs gSaµyky phaVh vkSj dkyh phaVhA

fyf[kr 1- (d) Jfed phafV;k¡ ”kehu osQ vanj fLFkr phafV;ksa osQ 'kgj esa Hkkstu j[kus dk LFkku r; djrh

gSaA vU; phafV;ksa osQ jgus dk LFkku Hkh muosQ n~okjk r; fd;k tkrk gSA ([k) ;g ikB lkfgR; dh ^vkRedFkk* fo/k esa fy[kk x;k gSA (x) ikB esa vkbZ dfork dh iafDr;k¡ ^MkWú gfjoa'kjk; cPpu* dh gSaA 2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (i) (?k) (ii) 3- (d) (i) ;g dFku mu yksxksa osQ fy, dgk x;k gS ftudh fy[kkoV vPNh ugha gksrh ;k fiQj

v{kjksa dk vkdkj lqanj ugha gksrkA

(ii) phaVh dks fiihfydk vkSj dhM+h osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA

8 eSa gw¡ phaVh

45


(iii) dke osQ vk/kj ij nks izdkj dh phafV;k¡ crkbZ xbZ gSaµlSfud phafV;k¡ vkSj Jfed phafV;k¡A lSfud phafV;ksa dk vkdkj FkksM+k cM+k gksrk gS vkSj ;s vius 'kgj dh j{kk djrh gSaA Jfed phafV;k¡ Hkkstu j[kus dk LFkku r; djrh gSa rFkk vU; phafV;ksa osQ jgus dk LFkku Hkh r; djrh gSaA buosQ vykok f'kdkjh fdLe dh phafV;k¡ fdlh cM+s dhM+s dk f'kdkj djus esa bu phafV;ksa dh lgk;rk djrh gSaA

(iv) f'kdkjh phafV;k¡ igys cM+s dhM+s dh Vksg ys ysrh gSa vkSj fiQj lc ,d lkFk vkØe.k dj nsrh gSaA ml dhM+s dks lc feydj ?klhV&?klhVdj vius LFkku ij ys vkrh gSaA

([k) (i) phaVh osQ dkVus ls Ropk esa [kqtyh vkSj tyu gksus yxrh gSA vxj phaVh gkFkh dh lw¡M+ esa ?kqldj dkV ys rks gkFkh Hkh nnZ ls jksus yxrk gSA blfy, fo'kkydk; gkFkh phaVh ls Mjrk gSA

(ii) [krjs dk vkHkkl gksus ij phafV;k¡ dkVrh gSa vkSj eq¡g ls vEy fxjk nsrh gSa ftlls Ropk esa tyu vkSj [kqtyh gksus yxrh gSA

(iii) phafV;ksa esa ;g vuq'kklu ns[kk tkrk gS fd tc os pyrh gSa rks drkj esa pyrh gSaA

(iv) ^phaVh dh vkRedFkk* i<+dj ge phafV;ksa osQ cgqr&ls xq.k viuk ldrs gSaA tSlsµdBksj ifjJe djuk] vuq'kklu dk ikyu djuk vkSj fujarj deZjr jguk rFkk yxu ls dk;Z dks iwjk djukA

Hkk"kk cks/ 1- okD; fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA 2- (d) dk¡Vk dkVk ([k) lkl lk¡l (x) ux ukx

3- v c jax <ax f[kyus feyus Lora=k ijra=k ?kkl [kkl gkFkh lkFkh

4- (d) nsg xkr ([k) l[+r Bksl (x) Je esgur (?k) tho pSrU; (Ä) e/q edjan

5- milxZ ewy 'kCn (d) oqQ laxfr ([k) fuj~ vijk/ (x) vu fxur (?k) vuq 'kklu (Ä) l g"kZ

46


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) phafV;ksa esa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk dc fn[kkbZ iM+rh gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) izÑfr us izR;sd tho/kjh dks mldh vkRej{kk osQ fy, D;k fn;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(x) phafV;ksa dk ilanhnk Hkkstu D;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) uUgh phaVh dk dkSu&lk xq.k vkidks lcls vPNk yxk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) izLrqr ikB ls vkius D;k lh[kk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

47


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- 'kCnksa dk Øe Bhd djosQ okD; iqu% fyf[k,µ 4

(d) phaVh tSlh fy[kkoV gS D;ksa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ”;knk cgqr Hkkouk dh lg;ksx gS gksrh lcesa ge --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) gw¡ izk.kh eSa lkekftd ,d --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ge dke yxu ls viuk cM+h gSa djrs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


(d) ifjJeh µ ------------------------- ([k) lg;ksx µ -------------------------

(x) gkj µ ------------------------- (?k) ehBk µ -------------------------

(Ä) 'kgj µ ------------------------- (p) lkglh µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls okD; cukb,µ 3

(d) Jfed µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) phaVh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) mn~ns'; µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

48


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 (d) #osQ gq, ikuh osQ LFkku dks ikj djus osQ fy, phafV;k¡ ,d&nwljs ls c¡/dj iqy cuk

ysrh gSa vkSj ckdh phafV;k¡ tc mu ij ls ikj gks tkrh gSa rc ;s ogk¡ ls ,d&nwljs osQ lg;ksx ls fudyrh gSaA f'kdkj dks ?klhV&?klhVdj ykus esa Hkh buesa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk

ns[kh tkrh gSA

([k) izÑfr us izR;sd tho/kjh dks mldh vkRej{kk osQ fy, dksbZ&u&dksbZ lk/u vo'; fn;k

gSA tSlsµphaVh [krjs dk vkHkkl gksus ij ml izk.kh dks dkVdj eq¡g ls vEy fxjk nsrh gSA

(x) phafV;ksa dks 'kgn cgqr ilan gksrk gSA lkFk gh vU; ehBh ph”ksa vkSj jlhys iQyA

(?k) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

(Ä) izLrqr ikB ls geus lh[kk fd gesa vius y{; izkfIr dh vksj fujarj c<+rs jguk pkfg,

rFkk ekxZ esa vkus okyh ck/kvksa ls ?kcjkuk ugha pkfg,A lkFk gh gesa ,d&nwljs dk lg;ksx

djuk pkfg,A

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) phaVh tSlh fy[kkoV D;ksa gS\

([k) ge lcesa lg;ksx dh Hkkouk cgqr ”;knk gksrh gSA

(x) eSa ,d lkekftd izk.kh gw¡A

(?k) ge viuk dke cM+h yxu ls djrs gSaA

2- (d) vkylh ([k) vlg;ksx (x) thr

(?k) [kkjk (Ä) xk¡o (p) Mjiksd

3- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

49


vH;kl iz'u&i=&&2

1- (d) oqQ $ laxfr ([k) l $ g"kZ

(x) fuj~ $ vijk/ (?k) vu $ fxur

2- (d) lqgkouk ([k) fiatjk (x) mifLFkr (?k) ejh”k

3- (d) dfBu ([k) jax&fcjaxs (x) gjs (?k) dkyh

4- mM+rs&mM+rs frryh cksyh]

nknk th D;k gky&pky]

lqcg&lqcg fy[krs jgrs]

;g rks lpeqp gS dekyA

5- (d) frryh isM+&ikS/ksa osQ dkVs tkus ls nq[kh gSA

([k) 'ksjkstk dks isafVXl] f[kykSus] fpfM+;k idM+us okyk ydM+h dk fiatjk vkfn migkj feys FksA

(x) dgkj ikydh <ksus dk dke djrs gSaA

(?k) phaVh dks ^dBksj ifjJeh* blfy, dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd phafV;k¡ ges'kk dke esa yxh jgrh gSaA os ftl dke dks 'kq: djrh gSa] mls iwjh yxu osQ lkFk iwjk djrh gSaA

50


lkjka'k

dfo us bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls ;g crkus dk iz;kl fd;k gS fd fodykax cPps viuh 'kkjhfjd dfe;ksa dh otg ls ghu Hkkouk ls xzLr ugha gksrs] cfYd os Lo;a dks Js"B le>rs gSaA mu cPpksa dk dguk gSµos ,sls ekxZ ij pyus okys cPps gSa] ftl ij vkt rd dksbZ pyk gh ughaA os Lora=k gSa vkSj vPNs cPps gSa] muesa dksbZ deh ugha gSA ik¡o ugha gksus ij Hkh os vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gSa] os fdlh ij fuHkZj ugha gSaA os gj dfBukbZ dks cM+h ljyrk ls ikj djrs gSa vkSj vkxs c<+rs gSaA mUgksaus gkFk u gksus ij Hkh ,sls vuks[ks dk;Z fd, gSa ftldh cM+s&cM+s yksxksa us ljkguk dh gSA tks ,d ubZ xkFkk gSA tks yksx ,sls cPpksa dks oqQ:i le>rs gSa] mUgsa ;g irk gksuk pkfg, fd ckgjh lqanjrk ls c<+dj eu dh] xq.kksa dh lqanjrk gh ^lPph lqanjrk* gksrh gS vkSj ml n`f"V ls bu cPpksa esa dksbZ deh ugha gSA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ;g dfork fodykax cPpksa ij vk/kfjr gSA

([k) ^[kqyh gok* dk vFkZ gSµ^Lora=k okrkoj.k*A

(x) dfo us cPpksa esa mudh izcy bPNk 'kfDr vkSj fgEer tSls xq.kksa dks fn[kkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

fyf[kr

1- (d) fodykax cPpksa dks os gh yksx oqQ:i le>rs gSa ftudh n`f"V esa ckgjh lqanjrk gh lPph

lqanjrk gSA ,slh lksp j[kus okys yksxksa ls eSa fcYoqQy vlger gw¡] D;ksafd eu dh lqanjrk

gh lPph lqanjrk gksrh gSA

([k) fon~;kFkhZ vius vuqHko vFkok tkudkjh osQ vk/kj ij Lo;a mRrj fy[ksaxsA

(x) dfo us bl dfork osQ ekè;e ls 'kkjhfjd :i ls {kfrxzLr cPpksa dh bPNk'kfDr vkSj

vkRelEeku dh Hkkouk dks n'kkZ;k gSA ;s cPps vlk/kj.k gSaA ftu dk;ks± dks iwjk djuk

lkekU; O;fDr Hkh ukeqefdu le>rk gS] mUgha dk;ks± dks ;s cPps eqefdu djrs gSaA gkFk&ik¡o

9 lPph lqanjrk

51


u gksus ij Hkh os ,sls foy{k.k dk;Z dj pqosQ gSa] ftlosQ vkxs yksx ureLrd gksrs vk, gSaA

fiQj Hkh mudh 'kkjhfjd viw.kZrk dks ns[kdj yksx mUgsa oqQ:i le>rs gSa tks mudh xyrh

gS] D;ksafd okLro esa ru dh lqanjrk ls c<+dj eu dh lqanjrk gksrh gSA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (i) (x) (i) 3- (d) (i) ^ge* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fodykax cPpksa osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA

(ii) ^vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gksuk*µ;g eqgkojk bu dkO; iafDr;ksa esa fNik gSA ftldk vFkZ gS&^vkRefuHkZj gksuk*A

(iii) ;g iafDr;k¡ mu cPpksa osQ fy, dgh xbZ gSa] ftuosQ ik¡o ugha vkSj os pyus esa Hkh vleFkZ gSa] ijarq mUgksaus viuh izcy bPNk 'kfDr vkSj yxu osQ lkFk vlaHko dks Hkh laHko dj viuk uke jks'ku fd;k gS] blfy, ge dg ldrs gSa fd ik¡o u gksus ij Hkh muosQ dne vkxs gh c<+s gSaA

(iv) dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo us ;g lans'k fn;k gS fd 'kkjhfjd lqanjrk euq"; dks iw.kZ vkSj lqanj ugha cukrh] cfYd ckgjh lqanjrk ls vf/d xq.kksa dh lqanjrk egRRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA

([k) (i) yksx fodykax yksxksa dks oqQ:i le>rs gSa D;ksafd mudh n`f"V esa osQoy 'kjhj dh [kwclwjrh egRRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA

(ii) bu cPpksa us Lo;a dks ubZ jkg ij pyus okyk blfy, dgk gS] D;ksafd bUgksaus viuh fodykaxrk dks detksjh ugha ekuk gS] cfYd mls pqukSrh ekudj ,sls&,sls u, dke fd, tks lk/kj.k euq"; Hkh ugha dj ldrsA

(iii) yksxksa osQ eu esa ;gh Hkze gS fd ;s viax dHkh lqanj ugha dgs tk ldrs] ijarq lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fd eu dh lqanjrk gh lPph lqanjrk gksrh gSA

(iv) eu dh lqanjrk dk eryc vPNs LoHkko] vPNs O;ogkj vkSj vkarfjd xq.kksa ls gSA 'kkjhfjd deh osQ dkj.k Hkys gh ;s cPps fodykax gSa] ru dh lqanjrk esa deh gS ijarq buosQ vkarfjd xq.kksa esa dksbZ deh ugha gSA vius izcy vkRefo'okl osQ cy ij fodykax cPpksa us os dke dj fn[kk, gSa tks lkekU; 'kjhj okys O;fDr Hkh ugha dj ldrsA vr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd ru dh lqanjrk ls vf/d eu dh lqanjrk egRRoiw.kZ gksrh gSA

4- (d) dfo us bl iafDr esa vikfgt cPpksa dh {kerk vkSj izcy bPNk 'kfDr dks fn[kk;k gSA

Hkys gh buosQ ik¡o ugha gSa] ;s [kM+s ugha gks ldrs] fiQj Hkh vius iSjksa ij [kM+s gSa vFkkZr

vkRefuHkZj gSaA

52


([k) dfo us bl iafDr osQ ekè;e ls ,sls yksxksa osQ ckjs esa crk;k gS ftuosQ gkFk ugha gSa ij

bu yksxksa us ,sls vlaHko dk;ks± dks laHko dj fn[kk;k gS ftUgsa lk/kj.k euq"; Hkh djus esa

?kcjk tkrk gSA blh dkj.k bUgksaus viuh ubZ xkFkk Lo;a fy[kh gS vFkkZr~ bfrgkl cuk;k gSA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) jkLrk ekxZ ([k) iou lehj (x) pj.k iSj (?k) dFkk dgkuh (Ä) euksgj je.kh; 2- iadt ik¡o ladYi ck¡g vanj eq¡g Lora=k ek¡ 3- (d) oqQle; cqjk le; ([k) oqQjhfr cqjh izFkk (x) oqQlax cqjh laxfr (?k) oqQefr cqjh lksp 4- ([k) uSfrdrk (x) lkekftdrk (?k) oqQ:irk (Ä) ew[kZrk

53


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



1- fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 8

(d) êu dh lqanjrk* ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) D;k vki Hkh 'kkjhfjd deh okys cPpksa dks oqQ:i le>rs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ^fodykax* O;fDr;ksa dks lekt fdl n`f"V ls ns[krk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) D;k fodykaxrk vfHk'kki gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- dfork dh iafDr;k¡ iwjh dhft,µ 2

gesa oqQ:i --------------------------------------------------]

------------------------------------------------------------ irk]

eu dh -------------------------------------------- lqanjrk

-------------------------------------- ge gSa fdlls de!

54


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- okD;ksa osQ opu cnydj fyf[k,µ 4

,dopu cgqopu (d) canj owQn jgk gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) og pyus yxkA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) eSa ik¡poh d{kk esa i<+rk gw¡A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ;g yM+dh lkglh gSA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- dfork dh fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa fo'ks"k.k js[kkafdr dj fyf[k,µ 4

(d) [kqyh gok esa iyus okys µ -------------------------------

([k) ge fy[k ldrs ,d ubZ xkFkk µ -------------------------------

(x) ubZ jkg ij pyus okys µ -------------------------------

(?k) vPNs cPps ge! µ -------------------------------

3- 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukdj fyf[k,µ 2

(d) lqanj µ -------------------------

([k) ew[kZ µ -------------------------

(x) uSfrd µ -------------------------

(?k) lkekftd µ -------------------------

55


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) ̂ eu dh lqanjrk* ls vfHkizk; gSµ^lqanj xq.k* tks O;fDr osQ ân; esa fufgr gksrs gSaA

([k) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

(x) ^fodykax* O;fDr;ksa dks lekt osQ yksx gs; n`f"V vFkok lgkuqHkwfr dh n`f"V ls ns[krs gSaA

os mUgsa oqQ:i le>rs gSaA

(?k) ugha] fodykaxrk vfHk'kki ugha pqukSrh gSA fodykax O;fDr vius lkgl ls liQyrk izkIr

dj] lkekU; O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, pqukSrh curs gSaA 2- gesa oqQ:i le>us okyksa] D;k ;g ugha irk] eu dh lqanjrk gksrh gS] lPph lqanjrk rksM+s lHkh Hkje] ge gSa fdlls de!

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) canj owQn jgs gSaA ([k) os pyus yxsA (x) ge ik¡poha d{kk esa i<+rs gSaA (?k) ;s yM+fd;k¡ lkglh gSaA 2- (d) [kqyh ([k) ubZ (x) ubZ (?k) vPNs 3- (d) lqanjrk ([k) ew[kZrk (x) uSfrdrk (?k) lkekftdrk

rr

56


lkjka'k

clar 12&13 o"kZ dk ,d xjhc yM+dk gSA ftlosQ ekrk&firk fdlh naxs esa ekjs x, Fks blfy, Hkh[kw vghj us mls o mlosQ HkkbZ dks vius ?kj esa vkJ; fn;k FkkA clar ,d bZekunkj vkSj LokfHkekuh yM+dk FkkA og jlksbZ?kj esa dke vkus okys NksVs&NksVs crZu rFkk vU; oLrq,¡ cspdj isV Hkjus osQ fy, ;gk¡&ogk¡ ?kwerk jgrkA dbZ ckj lkeku u fcdus ij mls Hkw[kk Hkh jguk iM+rkA ,d fnu fdlh O;Lr lM+d osQ ikl pk; dh NUuh vkfn cspus dh mEehn ls [kM+k Fkk fd mlh le; mls e”knwj usrk jktfd'kksj fn[kkbZ iM+sA og muls lkeku [kjhnus dk vkxzg djus yxkA e”knwj usrk us æfor gksdj mls lgk;rk gsrq oqQN iSls nsus pkgs] ijarq mlus badkj dj fn;kA og pk; dh NUuh muosQ gkFk esa idM+kdj uksV Hkqukus osQ fy, lM+d ikj okyh nqdku dh vksj HkkxkA iSls NqV~Vs djokdj clar okil vk jgk Fkk fd eksVj osQ uhps vk x;k vkSj mlosQ nksuksa iSj oqQpy x,A og csgks'k gks x;kA m/j e”knwj usrk mlosQ n~okjk iSls ykSVkus dk bar”kkj djrs&djrs ?kj pys x,A clar dks tc gks'k vk;k rc mlus 'ks"k iSls vius NksVs HkkbZ izrki dks nsdj fd'kuxat Hkstk] tgk¡ iú jktfd'kksj jgrs FksA e”knwj usrk dks tc izrki dh ckrksa ls okLrfod fLFkfr irk pyh rks os Lo;a Hkh[kw vghj osQ ?kj mls ns[kus igq¡ps vkSj vius ifjfpr MkWDVj oekZ dks cqyok;kA tk¡p osQ ckn irk pyk fd mlosQ ik¡o dh gM~Mh VwV xbZ FkhA e”knwj usrk ^clar dh bZekunkjh* ls cgqr izHkkfor Fks blfy, mUgksaus mldk bykt Hkh djok;kA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) clar ,d isQjhokyk yM+dk FkkA tks LVhy osQ NksVs&NksVs crZu ;gk¡ ogk¡ tk&tkdj csprk FkkA

([k) e”knwjksa osQ usrk iaú jktfd'kksj FksA

(x) clar jktfd'kksj th ls uksV ysdj Hkqukus (change) osQ fy, lM+d osQ ml ikj okyh nqdku ij x;k FkkA uksV Hkqukdj ykSVrs le; og xkM+h osQ uhps vk x;k vkSj mlosQ nksuksa iSj oqQpy x,A

10 clar dh bZekunkjh

57


fyf[kr

1- (d) nq?kZVukxzLr gksus osQ ckn Hkh clar us vius HkkbZ izrki dks fd'kuxat] iaú jktfd'kksj osQ

?kj Hkstk] D;ksafd og jktfd'kksj th dks muosQ iSls ykSVkuk pkgrk FkkA og ,d bZekunkj

yM+dk Fkk] blfy, mlus ,slk fd;kA

([k) e”knwjksa osQ usrk iaú jktfd'kksj dks tc clar osQ HkkbZ osQ fo"k; esa irk pyk rks os izrki

osQ lkFk rqjar vghj Vksyk x, vkSj vius ifjfpr MkWú oekZ dks ogk¡ cqyok;kA MkWú dh

lykg ij mls vLirky Hkstus dh O;oLFkk dh ftlls mldk vPNh rjg byk”k fd;k tk

losQA bl rjg iaú jktfd'kksj us clar dh enn dhA

(x) lM+d ikj djrs le; gesa tYnckth ugha djuh pkfg,A nk,¡&ck,¡ vo'; ns[kuk pkfg,A

lM+d ikj djrs le; nkSM+uk ugha pkfg,] cfYd rhoz xfr ls vkrh xkfM+;ksa dks gkFk ls

#dus dk laosQr nsdj muosQ #dus ij gh vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A

2- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (ii) (?k) (ii) 3- (d) (i) oDrk clar 12&13 o"kZ dk xjhc yM+dk gSA ftldk NksVk HkkbZ izrki gSA muosQ

ekrk&firk fdlh naxs esa ekjs x, FksA rc ls os nksuksa Hkh[kw vghj osQ ?kj jgrs FksA clar cgqr bZekunkj FkkA

(ii) clar us jktfd'kksj th dks ^NUuh* csph Fkh ij muosQ ikl NqV~Vs iSls ugha Fks] ,d uksV Fkk] blfy, clar muls uksV ysdj lM+d ikj okyh nqdku ls NqV~Vk ysus tkrk gSA

(iii) clar tc lM+d ikj okyh nqdku ls NqV~Vk djokdj ykSV jgk Fkk] rHkh eksVj dkj ls Vdjkdj fxj x;k vkSj mlosQ nksuksa iSj oqQpy x,A ;g lc mldh ykijokgh ls gqvkA mlus tYnckth esa nk,¡&ck,¡ ugha ns[kk vkSj lM+d ikj djus dh dksf'k'k dhA blh dkj.k nq?kZVuk gks xbZA

(iv) Jksrk iaú jktfd'kksj osQ ifjfpr Ñ".koqQekj us clar tSls xjhc yM+dksa dks ^Bx* dgkA mUgksaus crk;k fd ck”kkj osQ gj dksus ij vktdy ,sls yM+osQ feyrs gSa] ftudk dke fxM+fxM+kdj yksxksa dks Bxuk gSA

([k) (i) oDrk dk uke ^Hkh[kw* gS vkSj Jksrk ^clar* gSA bu nksuksa dk vkil esa dksbZ fj'rk ugha gSA oDrk ^Hkh[kw* ,d vghj gSA ftldk dke ?kj&?kj tkdj nw/ cspuk gSA ;g vghj Vksyk esa jgrk gSA Hkh[kw cM+k n;kyq balku gS] blfy, mlus clar vkSj mlosQ NksVs HkkbZ izrki dks vius ?kj esa vkJ; fn;k gSA

58


(ii) oDrk ^Hkh[kw* Lo;a xjhc gSA mlosQ ikl clar osQ bykt osQ fy, iSls ugha gSa] blfy, og pkgdj Hkh mls vLirky ysdj ugha tkrk gSA

(iii) Jksrk dk bykt etnwjksa osQ usrk iaú jktfd'kksj us djok;kA ml O;fDr us clar dh enn blfy, dh] D;ksafd os clar dh bZekunkjh ls cgqr izHkkfor gq, FksA nq?kZVukxzLr gksus osQ ckn Hkh ml xjhc cPps us iSls ykSVkus osQ fy, vius HkkbZ dks muosQ ?kj Hkstk FkkA ;g cgqr cM+h ckr FkhA ,sls bZekunkj yksx cgqr de feyrs gSaA

(iv) ^nqyZHk xq.k* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gSµ^vlk/kj.k xq.k* tks gj O;fDr esa ugha feyrkA clar dh bZekunkjh okLro esa nqyZHk xq.k gSµog blfy, D;ksafd clar xjhc Fkk] nks fnu ls Hkw[kk Fkk fiQj Hkh mlus iaú jktfd'kksj osQ ?kj vius HkkbZ dks iSls okil djus osQ fy, HkstkA og pkgrk rks iaú jktfd'kksj dks iSls ugha ykSVkrk ij mlus ,slk ugha fd;kA ;gk¡ rd fd nq?kZVukxzLr gksus osQ ckn Hkh mlus mu iSlksa dk mi;ksx vius bykt osQ fy, ugha fd;kA clar osQ LFkku ij ;fn dksbZ vkSj gksrk rks 'kk;n iSls ugha ykSVkrkA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) fu"ks/okpd ([k) fof/okpd (x) iz'uokpd (?k) laosQrokpd (Ä) foLe;okpd (p) vkKkokpd (N) lansgokpd (t) bPNkokpd

2- (d) clar uksV Hkqukus ugha x;k gSA

([k) 'kk;n os vke osQ isM+ okys ?kj esa jgrs gSaA

(x) gesa vuq'kklu esa D;ksa jguk pkfg,\

(?k) vjs okg! esjs fy, ,d fxykl ikuh yk;k gSA

(Ä) rqeus rSjkdh lh[k yh gSA 3- (d) csbZeku ([k) vklku (x) 'kke (?k) cqjk (Ä) vehj (p) NksVk

59


dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) clar osQ HkkbZ dk uke D;k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) clar nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj dc gqvk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) iaú jktfd'kksj oSQls O;fDr Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) clar D;k&D;k lkeku csp jgk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) var esa jktfd'kksj us clar osQ ckjs esa D;k dgk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

60


dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- mfpr 'kCn pqudj fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,µ 3

(d) vki rks xjhc e”knwjksa ------------------------- lsod gSaA (osQ@dk)

([k) losjs ------------------------- oqQN ugha fcdkA (rd@ls)

(x) ck”kkj ------------------------- gj dksus ij ,sls yM+osQ feyrs gSaA (esa@osQ)

(?k) esjk ?kj iwuk 'kgj ------------------------- gSA (ij@esa)

(Ä) izrki mldk NksVk ------------------------- gSA (ckbZ@HkkbZ)

(p) og vkSj ------------------------- lkeku csp jgs FksA (eSa@esa)

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dh lgk;rk ls okD; cukb,µ 4

(d) ckjhd µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) pedrh µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) xjhc µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) nqyZHk µ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa osQ Hksn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) eSaus vkt rktegy ns[kkA µ ----------------------------------------

([k) D;k rqe xjhcksa dh enn djrs gks\ µ ----------------------------------------

(x) 'kkar gks tkvksA µ ----------------------------------------

61


mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) clar osQ HkkbZ dk uke izrki FkkA

([k) clar iSls Hkqukdj okil ykSVrs le; nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gqvkA

(x) iaú jktfd'kksj ,d lTtu o n;kyq O;fDr FksA

(?k) clar ekfpl] NUuh vkSj pEep csp jgk FkkA

(Ä) var esa jktfd'kksj us clar osQ ckjs esa dgk fd clar ,d xjhc] ijarq bZekunkj yM+dk gSA

mls cpkuk gh gksxkA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) osQ ([k) ls (x) osQ (?k) esa (Ä) HkkbZ (p) eSa 2- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA 3- (d) fof/okpd ([k) iz'uokpd (x) vkKkokpd

rr

62

\\D\Nitu

62

lkjka'k

nknk vkSj iksrh dk fj'rk cM+k gh izseiw.kZ vkSj fe=krkiw.kZ gksrk gSA ,slh gh Hkkouk gesa nknk th n~okjk viuh iksrh usgk dks fy[ks x, i=k ls Kkr gksrh gSA i=k esa nknk th us c<+rs iznw"k.k osQ izfr viuh fpark O;Dr dh gS vkSj yksxksa ls tkx#d gksus dh vis{kk dh gSA nknk th dh Jo.k 'kfDr ean gksus dk dkj.k Fkkµèofu iznw"k.kA mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd nwf"kr ikuh osQ ihus ls vufxur chekfj;k¡ gksrh gSaA tgjhys /q,¡ vkSj owQM+s&dpjs ls ok;q vkSj ty nksuksa iznwf"kr gksrs gSaA blfy, gesa vius i;kZoj.k dks lqjf{kr j[kus osQ fy, vko';d dne mBkus pkfg,A iz;ksx esa yk, x, ikuh dk lnqi;ksx djosQ] vf/d&ls&vf/d isM+ yxkdj ge vius i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dj ldrs gSa] ftlosQ fy, yksxksa esa tkx#drk iSQykuh gksxhA ftlls euq"; vius izkÑfrd lalk/uksa dk mi;ksx rks djs] ijarq mldh j{kk rFkk lqj{kk dk Hkh [;ky j[ksA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh ilan&ukilan osQ vuqlkj os Lo;a crk,¡xsA

([k) rhoz vkSj mPp èofu dk cqjk vlj euq"; vkSj vkl&ikl osQ okrkoj.k ij iM+rk gSA èofu dh rhozrk vkSj mPp {kerk ls gh ^èofu iznw"k.k* mRiUu gksrk gSA ftlls vkl&ikl dk okrkoj.k v'kkar gks tkrk gS rFkk yksxksa esa lquus vkSj le>us dh 'kfDr ean gks tkrh gSA

(x) ikWyhfFku i;kZoj.k osQ fy, cgqr gkfudkjd gSA ;g feV~Vh esa ncus ij mldh moZjk 'kfDr dks detksj dj nsrh gS] ty esa isaQosQ tkus ij ty&thoksa dks uqdlku igq¡pkrh gS vkSj tyk, tkus ij fo"kkDr xSl dh xa/ gok gks iznwf"kr dj nsrh gSA blhfy, bldk mi;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A

fyf[kr

1- (d) nknk th osQ i=k dk eq[; fo"k; îznw"k.k* FkkA ftlesa mUgksaus euq"; tkfr esa tkx#drk ykus

dk iz;kl fd;k gSA

11 nknk th dk i=

63

([k) izkÑfrd lalk/u dk eryc izÑfr n~okjk nh xbZ ph”ksa_ tSlsµgok] ikuh] /jrh] gfj;kyh]

ufn;k¡ o leqnz gSaA

(x) isM+ dk iwjk thou vius fy, ugha] cfYd nwljksa osQ fy, gksrk gSA og vius iQy Lo;a

ugha [kkrk] gesa nsrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr isM+ gesa ydM+h] nokb;k¡] 'kqn~/ ok;q vkfn iznku

djrk gSA vr% isM+ dks ijksidkjh dgk x;k gSA

(?k) nknk th us euq"; tkfr ls mEehn dh gS fd os i;kZoj.k osQ izfr tkx:d gksa ftlls iznw"k.k

dh fodV leL;k ls NqVdkjk ik;k tk ldrk gSA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (i) (x) (ii) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (iii)

3- (d) (i) dkj[kkuksa ls fudyus okyk /qvk¡ tgjhyk blfy, gksrk gS] D;ksafd mlesa vusd jlk;u

feys gksrs gSaA ml /q,¡ osQ d.k ok;q esa feydj mls iznwf"kr djrs gSaA og /qvk¡ dkj[kkuksa

ls fudyus okys owQM+s&dpjs dh rjg uqdlkunk;d gksrk gSA

(ii) ok;q iznw"k.k dk eq[; dkj.k dkj[kkuksa o eksVj okguksa ls fudyus okyk /qvk¡ gS tks

ok;q esa feydj mls nwf"kr dj jgk gSA

(iii) ty&tho/kjh iznwf"kr ty esa thfor ugha jg ikrs vkSj ejus yxrs gSaA

(iv) iznw"k.k dh jksdFkke osQ fy, gesa oqQN lko/kfu;k¡ cjruh gksxha_ tSlsµikWyhfFku dk

bLrseky can djuk pkfg,] ?kj dk owQM+k&dpjk owQM+snku esa Mkyuk pkfg,] ?kj osQ dke

osQ ckn ml ikuh dk fudkl ckx&cxhps esa djuk pkfg, rFkk dkj[kkuksa dk xank ikuh

unh] >juksa vkfn osQ ikuh esa ugha feykuk pkfg,A bl rjg ge vius i;kZoj.k dh j{kk

dj ldrs gSaA

([k) (i) isM+ksa dks i;kZoj.k dk fe=k blfy, dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd i;kZoj.k dks iznw"k.k&eqDr

cukus esa isM+ gh lgk;d gSaA LoPN i;kZoj.k vkSj 'kqn~/ izk.kok;q osQ fy, /jrh ij

gfj;kyh vkSj isM+&ikS/ksa dk gksuk cgqr t:jh gSA

(ii) leLr tho/kjh izk.kok;q osQ :i esa vkWDlhtu ysrs gSa vkSj ;g vkWDlhtu gesa isM+ksa ls

gh izkIr gksrh gSA isM+ksa ls tks vkS"kf/;k¡ cukbZ tkrh gSa] mudk ykHk leLr tho/kfj;ksa

dks gh gksrk gSA isM+ksa ls gh lHkh dks Hkkstu feyrk gSA blhfy, isM+ leLr tho/kfj;ksa

osQ fy, ykHknk;d gSaA

(iii) nknk th osQ i=k fy[kus dk eq[; mn~ns'; euq"; esa i;kZoj.k osQ izfr tkx:drk ykuk

rFkk iznw"k.k dh jksdFkke esa ;ksxnku nsuk gSA

(iv) cPps Lo;a djsaxsA

64

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) ik¡o ij oqQYgkM+h ekjuk µ viuk uqdlku Lo;a djuk

([k) vk¡[ks [kqyuk µ gks'k vkuk

(x) m¡xyh ij upkuk µ iwjh rjg o'k esa djuk

(?k) dej dluk µ rS;kj gksuk

(Ä) dku Hkjuk µ pqxyh djuk

uksVµokD; cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

2- (d) iq"i ([k) vuy (x) jkf'k (?k) foiUu

3- (d) lqj{kk lq j{kk

([k) vueksy vu eksy

(x) voxq.k vo xq.k

(?k) vieku vi eku

(Ä) fuMj fu Mj

4- Mhútsú Vk;iQkbM Msaxw ikWyhfFku eksVj Mk;fj;k

65

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) izLrqr i=k fdlus] fdldks fy[kk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) i;kZoj.k dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ fyf[k,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) iznw"k.k dk tUe oSQls gqvk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) nwf"kr ikuh dh otg ls dkSu&lh chekfj;k¡ gksrh gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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(Ä) Hkwfe&iznw"k.k osQ cpko osQ fy, gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

66

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fn, x, okD;ksa dk dky&Hksn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) rc ls esjs dku can gks x,A --------------------------

([k) euq"; vius i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dj ldrk gSA --------------------------

(x) gesa Bksl dne mBkus gksaxsA --------------------------

(?k) tgjhyk /qvk¡ gok dks iznwf"kr dj jgk gSA --------------------------

2- foykse 'kCnksa dk feyku dhft,µ 3

(d) ykHknk;d LoLFk

([k) LoPN lek/ku

(x) tgj efyu

(?k) leL;k fu#Rlkg

(Ä) mRlkg ve`r

(p) chekj gkfudkjd

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ fy, lekukFkZd 'kCn fyf[k,µ 3

(d) dY;k.k --------------------------

([k) tkx:drk --------------------------

(x) vkS"kf/ --------------------------

67

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) izLrqr i=k nknkth us viuh iksrh usgk dks fy[kk gSA

([k) i;kZoj.k dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gSµ^vkl&ikl dk okrkoj.k*A

(x) iznw"k.k dk tUe euq"; dh xyfr;ksa ls gqvk gSA

(?k) nwf"kr ikuh dh otg ls Mk;fj;k] gStk] Vk;iQkbM] Msaxw vkfn dbZ chekfj;k¡ gksrh gSaA

(Ä) Hkwfe&iznw"k.k osQ cpko osQ fy, gesa oqQN lko/kfu;k¡ cjruh pkfg,_ tSlsµikWyhfFku dks

iz;ksx esa u ykdj i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dh tk ldrh gSA jklk;fud moZjdksa osQ bLrseky ls

feV~Vh dh moZjk 'kfDr detksj gksus yxrh gS] blfy, bldk iz;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A

vf/d&ls&vf/d isM+ yxkdj feV~Vh dks e”kcwr cuk;k tk ldrk gSaA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) Hkwrdky ([k) orZeku dky (x) Hkfo";r~ dky (?k) orZeku dky 2- (d) ykHknk;d gkfudkjd ([k) LoPN efyu (x) tgj ve`r (?k) leL;k lek/ku (Ä) mRlkg fu#Rlkg (p) chekj LoLFk

3- (d) HkykbZ ([k) psruk (x) nokbZrr

68

\\D\Nitu

lkjka'k

ykyk yktir jk; dks îatkc osQ 'ksj* rFkk îatkc osQljh* osQ uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ykyk th yqf/;kuk ls FksA odkyr dh i<+kbZ iwjh djus osQ ckn os vk;Z lekt osQ izcy leFkZd cu x,A ;gha ls muesa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk tkx`r gqbZA muosQ vU; ns'kHkDr fe=kksa esa cky xaxk/j fryd vkSj fofiupanz iky dk Lej.k fd;k tkrk gSA cky xaxk/j fryd egkjk"Vª ls Fks ftUgsa ^yksdekU;* dh mikf/ feyh FkhA bUgksaus f'kokth mRlo o x.kifr mRlo euk, tkus dh 'kq#vkr dhA xks&gR;k dk fojks/ fd;kA fofiupanz iky caxky&iqutkZxj.k osQ okLrqdkj osQ uke ls tkus tkrs gSaA bUgksaus lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dks nwj djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k Fkk blfy, ,d fo/ok ls fookg Hkh fd;k FkkA îky* fons'kh oLrqvksa dk bLrseky djus osQ f[kyki+ Q FksA bu rhuksa izfln~/ usrkvksa yky&cky&iky dk ,d gh y{; Fkkµ^Hkkjr ek¡ dh vk”kknh*A

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) îatkc osQ 'ksj* osQ uke ls ykyk yktir jk; dks igpkuk tkrk gSA

([k) yky µ ykyk yktir jk;] cky µ cky xaxk/j fryd vkSj iky µ fcfiupanz ikyA

(x) ugha] ;s rhuksa usrk vyx&vyx jkT;ksa ls lacaf/r FksA ykyµiatkc jkT; ls] ckyµegkjk"Vª rFkk ikyµcaxky jkT; ls FksA

(?k) ekaMys tsy esa ykyk yktir jk; dks vaxzs”kh ljdkj osQ f[kykiQ minzo djus osQ vijk/ esa can dj fn;k x;kA

fyf[kr

1- (d) jk"Vªoknh mxzoknh ny osQ usrk ykyk yktir jk;] cky xaxk/j fryd vkSj fcfiupanz iky FksA ([k) x.kifr o f'kokth mRlo osQ tUenkrk cky xaxk/j fryd FksA (x) Lojkt dh ek¡x djrs gq, cky xaxk/j fryd us dgk Fkkµ^^Lojkt esjk tUefln~/ vf/dkj gS

vkSj eSa bls ysdj jgw¡xkA**

12 yky&cky&iky

69

(?k) fcfiupanz iky us iqjkuh ijaijkvksa vkSj lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dks nwj djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k FkkA bldh 'kq#vkr mUgksaus Lo;a ls dhA ,d fo/ok ls fookg djosQ iqjkuh ijaijk dks rksM+k vkSj lkekftd cqjkbZ dks nwj djus dk iz;kl fd;kA ftldh otg ls mUgsa vius ifjokj ls vyx gksuk iM+kA

(Ä) egkRek xka/h dk [kqydj fojks/ fcfiupanz iky us fd;kA mudh n`f"V esa egkRek xka/h ,d detksj usrk FksA

2- (d) (iii) ([k) (iii) (x) (iii) (?k) (ii) 3- (d) (i) ykyk th dk tUe o"kZ 1865 esa iatkc izkar osQ yqf?k;kuk ftys esa gqvk FkkA (ii) odkyr 'kq: djus osQ ckn Lokeh n;kuan osQ laioZQ esa muesa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk

tkx`r gqbZA rHkh ls mudk dk;Z{ks=k jktuhfr gks x;kA (iii) o"kZ 1905 esa caxky foHkktu osQ le; ykyk th us fcfiupanz iky vkSj cky xaxk/j

fryd osQ lkFk vaxzs”kh ljdkj osQ f[kykiQ minzo NsM+k FkkA vijk/h ik, tkus ij mUgsa ekaMys tsy esa can dj fn;k x;kA

(iv) 17 uoacj] 1928 dks ^lkbeu deh'ku* dk fojks/ djrs le; ykBh pktZ esa yxh xgjh pksV osQ dkj.k ykyk th dh vdky e`R;q gks xbZA

([k) (i) fcfiupanz iky dk tUe 7 uoacj] 1858 dks ckaXykns'k esa gqvk FkkA ;s Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkanksyu osQ izfrf"Br usrk vkSj caxky iqutkZxj.k osQ okLrqdkj osQ uke ls tkus tkrs gSaA

(ii) bUgksaus lkekftd cqjkb;ksa dks nwj djus osQ fy, vius thou ls 'kq#vkr dhA fdlh Hkh fo/ok L=kh dks mlosQ ifr dh e`R;q osQ ckn fiQj ls fookg djus dh vkKk u Fkh] ijarq fcfiupanz us bl oqQjhfr dks lekIr djus osQ fy, ,d fo/ok L=kh ls fookg fd;kA ftldh o”kg ls bUgsa vius ifjokj ls Hkh vyx gksuk iM+kA

(iii) fcfiupanz ,d lPps ns'kHkDr] lekt lq/kjd] ys[kd] oDrk rFkk Økafrdkjh usrk FksA (iv) fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a djsaxsAHkk"kk cks/ 1- dkuwu fryd jk"Vªh; Lojkt vkanksyu lekt dkjkokl mRlo 2- (d) Vªd Mªkek jk"Vªh; esVªks ([k) izrhd pØ izsj.kk lezkV minzo fonzksg (x) iwoZ 'krZ /eZ fu.kZ; 3- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA 4- (d) dkuwuh] vaxzs”kh

([k) ckyiu] viukiu] rh[kkiu

70

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) fons'k ;k=kk ls ykSVus osQ ckn ykyk yktir jk; dks D;k tkudj nq[k gqvk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vk;Z lekt osQ izcy leFkZd fdUgsa crk;k x;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) o"kZ 1905 esa caxky foHkktu osQ le; vaxzs”kh ljdkj dk fojks/ fdUgksaus fd;k Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) cky xaxk/j fryd us LojkT; dh ek¡x djrs gq, D;k dgk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) gekjk Hkkjr ns'k dc vk”kkn gqvk Fkk\ vk”kknh osQ ckjs esa vki D;k&D;k tkurs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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71

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- 'kCn lewgksa osQ fy, ^,d 'kCn* fyf[k,µ 4

(d) lIrkg esa ,d ckj gksus okyk µ -------------------------

([k) vius ns'k esa cuh oLrq µ -------------------------

(x) fons'k esa jgus okyk µ -------------------------

(?k) tks vius ns'k ls izse djrk gks µ -------------------------

2- js[kkafdr 'kCnksa osQ mfpr foykse 'kCn fy[kdj okD; iwjs dhft,µ 3

(d) gekjk ns'k igys ------------------------- Fkk] ijarq vc Lora=k gSA

([k) iky ------------------------ oLrqvksaa osQ LFkku ij Lons'kh oLrq,¡ pkgrs FksA

(x) xka/h th lnSo ------------------------- cksyrs Fks] mUgsa vlR; ls ui+ Qjr FkhA

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa ls okD; cukb,µ 3

(d) e'kgwj µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) vuqHko µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) dkjkokl µ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

72

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 (d) fons'k ;k=kk ls ykSVus osQ ckn ykyk yktir jk; dks bl ckr dk nq[k Fkk fd mudk

Hkkjro"kZ xqyke gSA ;g xqykeh gj Hkkjrh; osQ fy, cM+k dyad gSA xqyke ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa

dh viuh dksbZ igpku ugha gksrhA

([k) ykyk yktir jk; dks vk;Z lekt dk izcy leFkZd crk;k x;k gSA

(x) o"kZ 1905 esa caxky foHkktu osQ le; Økafrdkjh xqV osQ rhuksa ns'kHkDrksa yky] cky vkSj

iky us vaxzs”kh ljdkj dk fojks/ fd;k FkkA

(?k) cky xaxk/j fryd us LojkT; dh ek¡x djrs gq, dgk] ^^Lojkt esjk tUefln~/ vf/dkj

gS vkSj eSa bls ysdj jgw¡xkA**

(Ä) gekjk Hkkjr ns'k 15 vxLr] 1947 dks vk”kkn gqvk FkkA Hkkjr dh vk”kknh osQ fy, vusd

ohjksa us viuk vewY; ;ksxnku fn;kA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) lkIrkfgd ([k) Lons'kh (x) fons'kh (?k) ns'kizseh 2- (d) ijra=k ([k) fons'kh (x) lR; 3- Nk=k Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

73

vH;kl iz'u&i=&&3

1- (d) csbZeku ([k) vklku

(x) vehj (?k) 'kke

2- (d) jkg (iii) jkLrk

([k) xkFkk (iv) dgkuh

(x) eLrd (ii) ekFkk

(?k) ne (i) rkdr

3- fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

4- (d) etnwj usrk us clar ls

([k) clar us etnwj usrk ls

(x) Ñ".koqQekj us etnwj usrk ls

(?k) Hkh[kw vghj us clar ls

5- (d) ^[kqyh gok* dk vFkZ gSµ^Lora=k okrkoj.k*A

([k) e”knwjksa osQ usrk iaú jktfd'kksj dks tc clar osQ HkkbZ osQ fo"k; esa irk pyk rks os izrki

osQ lkFk rqjar vghj Vksyk x, vkSj vius ifjfpr MkWú oekZ dks ogk¡ cqyok;kA MkWú dh

lykg ij mls vLirky Hkstus dh O;oLFkk dh ftlls mldk vPNh rjg byk”k fd;k tk

losQA bl rjg iaú jktfd'kksj us clar dh enn dhA

(x) ikWyhfFku i;kZoj.k osQ fy, cgqr gkfudkjd gSA ;g feV~Vh esa ncus ij mldh moZjk 'kfDr dks detksj dj nsrh gS] ty esa isaQosQ tkus ij ty&thoksa dks uqdlku igq¡pkrh gS vkSj tyk, tkus ij fo"kkDr xSl dh xa/ gok dks iznwf"kr dj nsrh gSA blhfy, bldk mi;ksx

ugha djuk pkfg,A

(?k) îatkc osQ 'ksj* osQ uke ls ykyk yktir jk; dks igpkuk tkrk gSA

74

\\D\Nitu

lkjka'k

^vk;k clar* dfork esa dfo us ½rqjkt clar osQ vkxeu ij izÑfr esa gksus okys ifjorZu dks fn[kyk;k gSA dfo dgrs gSa fd clar ½rq osQ vkrs gh lalkj dh lqanjrk c<+ tkrh gSA ljlksa osQ ihys iwQy f[ky mBrs gSaA vke osQ isM+ksa esa ckSjsa >wyus yxrh gSaA csyksa esa u,&u, iwQy f[ky mBrs gSaA clar osQ vkrs gh ir>M+ dk var gks tkrk gSA pkjksa vksj lqxaf/r gok cgus yxrh gS] okrkj.k e/qfje gks mBrk gSA HkkSjs vius xqatu ls vkSj dks;y vius ôqQgw* rku ls viuh izlUurk O;Dr djrs gSaA clar ½rq osQ vkus ls lHkh izk.kh lq[kh gks tkrs gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrjekSf[kd

(d) clar ½rq dk vkxeu iQjojh eghus esa gksrk gSA fganh iapkx osQ vuqlkj pSr vkSj cSlk[k eghus clar ½rq osQ gksrs gSaA

([k) clar ½rq esa izÑfr dh lqanjrk c<+ tkrh gS] pkjksa vksj gfj;kyh vkSj [kq'kgkyh&lh Nk tkrh gSA tho&tarq] dhV&iraxs] i{kh vkfn lHkh osQ fy, ;g ekSle vuqowQy gksrk gSA blfy, clar ½rq dks ½rqvksa dh jkuh dgrs gSaA

(x) vke osQ isM+ksa ij eatfj;k¡ clar ½rq esa fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSaA

fyf[kr

1- (d) clar ½rq esa ½rq ifjorZu osQ dkj.k izÑfr esa Hkh ifjorZu fn[kykbZ iM+rs gSaA isM+ksa dh iqjkuh ifRr;k¡ >M+ tkrh gSa] muosQ LFkku ij dksey ifRr;k¡ vk tkrh gSaA pkjksa vksj f[kys iwQyksa osQ lkSan;Z vkSj Hkhuh [kq'kcw ls izÑfr dk :i gh cny tkrk gSA

([k) bl ½rq esa jax&fcjaxs iwQyksa ij HkkSajs xqatu djrs gq, e¡Mjkus yxrs gSa vkSj vke dh eatfj;ksa ls eqX/ gksdj dks;y xhr xkus yxrh gSaA pkjksa vksj meax vkSj mRlkg dh ygj Nk tkrh gSA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (ii) (x) (i) (?k) (iii) 3- ysdj lqxa/ cg jgh iou gfj;kyh NkbZ gS ou&ou lqanj yxrk gS ?kj&vk¡xu gks vkt e/qj lc fnx&fnxar vk;k clar] vk;k clar

13 vk;k clar

75

4- (d) (i) ljlksa ,d frygu gSA ftlosQ chtksa ls rsy fudkyk tkrk gSA ;g rsy [kkuk cukus osQ lkFk&lkFk vU; dkeksa esa Hkh mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gSA blesa vkS"k/h; xq.k ekStwn gksrs gSaA

(ii) vke osQ isM+ksa ij ckSajs vkus ls u, vkeksa osQ vkus dk laosQr feyrk gSA (iii) dfo us clar osQ vkxeu ij izÑfr dh fujkyh NVk dk o.kZu fd;k gSA ljlksa osQ

ihys iwQy] vke osQ isM+ksa ij >wy jgh eatfj;k¡] lqxaf/r iou] pkjksa vksj NkbZ gfj;kyh vkSj HkkSjksa dk xqatu rFkk dks;y dh oqQgw&oqQgw dh vkokt ls clar ½rq esa okrkoj.k lq[kn gks x;k gSA

(iv) clar dks ½rqjkt blfy, dgk tkrk gS] D;ksafd bl ½rq esa /jrh dk lkSan;Z c<+ tkrk gSA xzh"e ½rq izkf.k;ksa osQ fy, d"Vdkjh gksrh gSA o"kkZ ½rq esa ty&Fky ,d gks tkrs gSaA 'kjn ½rq esa clar dk gh :i fn[kykbZ iM+rk gSA gsear ½rq lq[kn ½rq gSaA f'kf'kj vkrs gh ekuksa izÑfr ij cq<+kik Nk tkrk gSA o`{kksa osQ iRrs >M+us yxrs gSaA clar osQ vkrs gh lHkh izkf.k;ksa vkSj izÑfr esa uothou dk lapkj gks mBrk gSA

([k) (i) HkkSajks vkSj dksfdyk osQ ekè;e ls dfo clar ½rq osQ vkus ls leLr izk.kh oxZ esa NkbZ izlUurk dk laosQr djuk pkgrs gSaA

(ii) clar ½rq esa le rkieku gksrk gSA u T;knk BaM vkSj u T;knk xjehA (iii) Hkkjr esa le;≤ ij Ng ½rq,¡ viuh NVk fc[ksjrh gSaA izR;sd ½rq nks ekl dh

gksrh gSA Øeokj buosQ uke bl izdkj gSaµclar ½rq] xzh"e ½rq] o"kkZ ½rq] 'kjn ½rq] gsear ½rq vkSj f'kf'kj vFkkZr ir>M+ ½rqA

(iv) dfork osQ ekè;e ls dfo clar ½rq osQ vkxeu ls izÑfr vkSj leLr izkf.k;ksa ij iM+us okys izHkko dks n'kkZuk pkgrs gSaA os ikBdksa osQ ân; esa izÑfr osQ lkSan;Z osQ izfr izse] vkuan vkSj vuqjkx dh Hkkouk dks thoar j[kuk pkgrs gSaA

Hkk"kk cks/ 1- vk;k clar cg jgh iou 'kksHkk vuar NkbZ gS ou&ou mBh iwQy u;k xku mBh >wy oqQgw rku 2- (d) iou gok] ok;q] lehj ([k) iwQy oqQlqe] iq"i] lqeu (x) dksfdy dks;y] fid] oufiz; (?k) unh lfjrk] rjafx.kh] rfVuh (Ä) mn~;ku miou] ckx] cxhpk 3- (d) mM+ jgs gSa ([k) i<+rh gS (x) fn;k (?k) [ksy jgs Fks (Ä) idk jgh gSa 4- (d) orZeku dky ([k) Hkwrdky (x) Hkfo";r~ dky (?k) orZeku dky (Ä) Hkwrdky

76

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1




(d) clar ½rq esa dkSu&dkSu ls R;ksgkj euk, tkrs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) clar ½rq esa okrkoj.k dk rkieku oSQlk jgrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) [ksrksa esa D;k iwQy mBrh gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ljlksa dh mi;ksfxrk crkb,A --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) clar vkus ij lHkh izk.kh oSQlk vuqHko djrs gSa\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

77

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa vuqLokj (µa) ;k panzfcanq (µ¡) yxkdj 'kqn~/ 'kCn cukb,µ 2

(d) clr µ ------------------------- ([k) pkn µ -------------------------

(x) lqx/ µ ------------------------- (?k) Åpk µ -------------------------

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) iqjkuk µ ------------------------- ([k) lw[kk µ -------------------------

(x) fe=krk µ ------------------------- (?k) clar µ -------------------------

3- fn, x, 'kCnksa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukdj fyf[k,µ 4

(d) gjk µ ------------------------- ([k) e/qj µ -------------------------

(x) laqnj µ ------------------------- (?k) mnkl µ -------------------------

78

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

(d) clar ½rq esa clariapeh vkSj gksyh dk R;ksgkj euk;k tkrk gSA

([k) clar ½rq esa okrkoj.k dk rkieku le jgrk gSA u T;knk BaM jgrh gS] u T;knk xjehA

vr% ekSle lqgkouk yxrk gSA

(x) [ksrksa esa ljlksa iwQy mBrh gSA

(?k) ljlksa osQ cht ,oa ljlksa dk rsy [kkuk cukus osQ fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS lkFk gh

blesa vusd vkS"k/h; xq.k Hkh ekStwn gSaaA bl rjg ljlksa cgqr mi;ksxh gSA

(Ä) clar vkus ij lHkh euq"; o tkuoj vR;ar [kq'k gksrs gSa rFkk clar ½rq dk Lokxr djrs gSaA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

1- (d) clar ([k) pk¡n (x) lqxa/ (?k) Å¡pk

2- (d) u;k ([k) xhyk (x) 'k=kqrk (?k) ir>M+

3- (d) gfj;kyh ([k) e/qjrk (x) lqanjrk (?k) mnklh rr

79

lkjka'k

ôsQjy* nf{k.k Hkkjr dk izfln~/ jkT; gSA viuh izko`Qfrd lqanjrk osQ dkj.k ;g nqfu;k Hkj osQ yksxksa osQ vkd"kZ.k dk osaQnz gSA osQjy jkT; esa oqQy pkSng ftys gSaA rfeyukMq vkSj dukZVd blosQ iM+kslh jkT; gSaA bldh jkt/kuh fr:ouariqje gS rFkk bl jkT; dh eq[; Hkk"kk êy;kye* gSA ;g Hkkjr dk lcls vf/d lk{kj vkSj lkI+kQ&lqFkjk jkT; ekuk tkrk gSA nf{k.k Hkkjrh; 'kkL=kh; laxhr ,oa dFkdyh vkSj eksfguh vV~Ve ;gk¡ osQ izeq[k u`R; gSaA osQjyokfl;ksa dk izeq[k Hkkstu pkoy vkSj pkoy ls cuus okys dbZ O;atu gSaA pkoy dh rjg ukfj;y dk Hkh mruk gh egRRo gSA osQjy dk eq[; R;ksgkj ^vks.ke* gS] tks nl fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk gSA ;g R;ksgkj iQly dh dVkbZ osQ ekSle vxLr&flracj osQ chp euk;k tkrk gSA likZdkj ukSdk nkSM+ ôyedyh* osQjy dk viuk vuks[kk vk;kstu gSA osQjy dks elkyksa dk cxhpk Hkh dgk tkrk gSA nwj&nwj rd iSQys pk; osQ [kwclwjr ckxku ;gk¡ dh [kkfl;r gSaA i;ZVu dh n`f"V ls ;gk¡ vusd leqnzh rV] us'kuy ikoZQ ,oa ioZrh; LFky gSaA ;gk¡ fLFkr ^dksoye* fo'o izfln~/ [kwclwjr rVksa esa fxuk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ rd fd vk;qosZfnd mipkj osQ fy, g”kkjksa yksx izfro"kZ osQjy tkrs gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) viuh izko`Qfrd lqanjrk osQ dkj.k osQjy i;ZVdksa osQ vkd"kZ.k dk osaQnz gSA

([k) îqdYye* iwQyksa ls cuh jaxksyh dks dgrs gSaA

(x) êqUukj* osQjy dk izeq[k ioZrh; LFky gSA nwj&nwj rd iSQys pk; osQ [kwclwjr ckxku ;gk¡ dh [kkfl;r gSaA eqUukj esa gh nf{k.k Hkkjr dh lcls m¡Qph pksVh ̂ vukbeqM+h* gSA ;gha ij ̂ bjkfooqQye us'kuy ikoZQ* rFkk êsMwiV~Vh ck¡/* Hkh gSaA

14 ds jy

80

fyf[kr

1- (d) osQjy osQ eq[; u`R; dFkdyh vkSj eksfguhvV~Ve gSaA

([k) osQjy osQ idokuksa esa bMyh] Mkslk] iqV~Vw] ikyIie] ukfj;y ls cuh lw[kh lC”kh ^rksju*]

osQys osQ fpIl vkfn izfln~/ gSaA

(x) osQjy dk izeq[k R;ksgkj ^vks.ke* gSA ikSjkf.kd dFkk osQ vuqlkj bu fnuksa esa jktk egkcfy

viuh iztk ls feyus vkrs gSaA blhfy, muosQ vkxeu dh [kq'kh esa yksx ;g R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA

(?k) osQjy osQ leqnz rVksa esa ls lcls izfln~/ rV ^dksoye* gS tks fo'o osQ izfln~/ leqnz rVksa

esa fxuk tkrk gSA

(Ä) î;ZVu* 'kCn dk vFkZ gSµHkze.k djukA i;ZVu osQ cgqr ls ykHk gSaA i;ZVu ls ml {ks=k dh

HkkSxksfyd fo'ks"krk osQ ckjs esa irk pyrk gSA i;ZVdksa dks ml fo'ks"k LFkku dh tyok;q]

ogk¡ osQ mn~;ksx] o`Qf"k] laLo`Qfr] R;ksgkj] ogk¡ dh Hkk"kk vkfn dh tkudkjh feyrh gSA i;ZVu

ls gekjk Kku c<+rk gS] lkFk gh gekjk euksjatu Hkh gksrk gSA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iii) (x) (ii) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (iii)

3- (d) (i) osQjy dk izeq[k R;ksgkj ^vks.ke* gS] tks nl fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk gSA

(ii) osQjyoklh bl R;ksgkj dks cM+h Jn~/k o mRlkg ls eukrs gSaA bl nkSjku ?kjksa dh ltkoV

eq[; :i ls iwQyksa ls dh tkrh gSA txg&txg iwQyksa dh jaxksyh ltkbZ tkrh gS] ftls

îqdYye* dgk tkrk gSA likZdkj ukSdk nkSM+ ôyedyh* bl R;ksgkj dk vuks[kk

vk;kstu gSA

(iii) vks.ke osQ lkFk jktk egkcfy dh ikSjkf.kd dFkk tqM+h gSA izkphu dky esa osQjy

osQ vlqj jktk egkcfy FksA os ijkozQeh gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk vR;ar n;kyq] nkuh vkSj

U;k;fiz; Hkh FksA mUgksaus rhuksa yksdksa ij viuk lkezkT; LFkkfir dj fy;kA nsojkt banz

dks muosQ izHkko ls bZ";kZ gksus yxh vkSj Mj yxus yxkA mUgksaus fo".kq Hkxoku ls enn

ek¡xhA Hkxoku fo".kq us okeu :i /kj.k dj jktk egkcfy ls rhu ix Hkwfe ek¡xh vkSj

viuk fo'kky :i /kj.k dj nks ixksa ls vkdk'k vkSj /jrh dks uki fy;kA rhljk ix

egkcfy dh bPNkuqlkj muosQ flj ij j[kkA mlh iSj ls os egkcfy dks ikrky dh

vksj /osQyus yxsA rHkh egkcfy us muls oj ek¡xk fd o"kZ esa ,d ckj mUgsa iztk ls

feyus dh vuqefr nh tk,A rHkh ls osQjyokfl;ksa dk n`<+ fo'okl gS fd izR;sd o"kZ

egkcfy vks.ke osQ fnuksa esa viuh iztk dks ns[kus vkrs gSaA

81

(iv) ukSdk nkSM+ dk vk;kstu osQjy jkT; dh fo'ks"krk gSA

ukSdk&nkSM+ dks ns[kus osQ fy, ns'k&fons'k ls cM+h la[;k esa i;ZVd vkrs gSaA likZdkj

ukSdk yxHkx 120 iQhV yach gksrh gS] ftls yxHkx 100 ukfod ,d lkFk pykrs gSaA

([k) (i) mDr iafDr esa êqUukj* ioZrh; LFky ij iSQys pk; osQ [kwclwjr ckxkuksa dh [kkfl;r

crkbZ xbZ gSA

(ii) osQjy dks êlkyksa dk cxhpk* dgk x;k gS] D;ksafd bl jkT; esa [kq'kcwnkj elkyksa osQ

o`{k mxk, tkrs gSaA tk;iQy] nkyphuh] ykSax] byk;ph] lqikjh] dkyh fepZ] gYnh vkfn

dbZ elkyksa osQ o`{k ;gk¡ mxk, tkrs gSaA

(iii) osQjy osQ lcls [kwclwjr rVksa esa ^dksoye* fo'o izfln~/ gSA dksoye esa rhu v/Zpanz

vkdkj osQ leqnz rV gSa bu rhuksa esa ls lcls izfln~/ ^ykbV gkml* osQ uke ls tkuk

tkrk gSA

(iv) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- ¯gnh vFkZ

(d) Lokn ([k) fo'ks"krk (x) lqanj

(?k) cxhpk (Ä) NksVk 'kgj

uksVµokD; fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

2- (d) xekZgV ([k) gfj;kyh (x) BaMd (?k) fodkl

(Ä) lk{kjrk (p) lqanjrk

3- (d) (ii) ([k) (iv) (x) (v) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (i) 4- (d) fefJr okD; ([k) ljy okD; (x) fefJr okD; (?k) la;qDr okD;

(Ä) fefJr okD;

82

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



l fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 = 10

(d) osQjy dh jkt/kuh rFkk eq[; Hkk"kk D;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) osQjy dk eq[; R;ksgkj dkSu&lk gS\ ;g fdrus fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ;gk¡ mipkj dh fdl in~/fr dk iz;ksx fd;k gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) ^dksoye* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ D;k gS\ ;g rV dgk¡ fLFkr gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) osQjy jkT; esa fdu elkyksa rFkk vU; [kkn~; oLrqvksa dk mRiknu gksrk gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

83

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- fn, x, laKk 'kCnksa osQ fy, mfpr fo'ks"k.k 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

fo'ks"k.k laKk

(d) -------------------------- jkT; ([k) -------------------------- elkys

(x) -------------------------- ckxku (?k) -------------------------- ukSdk

2- mfpr 'kCnksa ls [kkyh LFkku Hkfj,µ 3

(d) osQjy vk;qosZfnd mipkj -------------------------- yksdfiz; gSA

([k) dksoye -------------------------- rhu v/Zpanz vkdkj osQ leqnz rV gSaA

(x) [kq'kcwnkj elkyksa -------------------------- osQjy izfln~/ gSA

(?k) êqUukj* osQjy -------------------------- izeq[k ioZrh; LFky gSA

(Ä) osQys -------------------------- fpIl osQ fcuk dksbZ Hkh lekjksg iwjk ugha gksrkA

(p) osQjy -------------------------- ikjaifjd iks'kkd eqaMq gSA

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 3

(d) i;ZVu µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) izko`Qfrd µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) laLo`Qfr µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

84

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

l (d) osQjy dh jkt/kuh fr:ouariqje (f=kosanze) rFkk ;gk¡ dh eq[; Hkk"kk ey;kye gSA

([k) osQjy dk eq[; R;ksgkj ^vks.ke* gSA ;g R;ksgkj nl fnuksa rd euk;k tkrk gSA

(x) ;gk¡ vk;qosZfnd mipkj in~/fr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blfy, g”kkjksa yksx mipkj osQ

fy, izfro"kZ osQjy tkrs gSaA

(?k) ^dksoye* dk vFkZ gSµûkfj;y osQ o`{kksa dk lewg*A ;g rV fr:ouariqje osQ ekykckj uke

osQ NksVs xk¡o esa fLFkr gSA

(Ä) osQjy jkT; esa tk;iQy] nkyphuh] ykSax] byk;ph] lqikjh] dkyh fepZ] gYnh vkfn elkyksa

dk rFkk dktw] ukfj;y] pk;] vnjd] dkWIk+ Qh vkfn [kkn~; oLrqvksa dk cM+h ek=kk esa mRiknu

gksrk gSA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) iM+kslh ([k) [kq'kcwnkj (x) [kwclwjr (?k) likZdkj 2- (d) osQ fy, ([k) esa (x) osQ fy, (?k) dk (Ä) osQ (p) dh 3- cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

85

lkjka'k

,d ckj ,d xM+fj;s dk yM+dk xk;&cSyksa dks pjkus taxy ys x;kA 'kke gksus ij tc og tkuojksa dks ysdj ykSVus yxk rks mlus ns[kk fd ,d xk; de gSA vius ekfyd osQ ozQks/ dk Lej.k dj og cgqr Mj x;kA og mu tkuojksa dks lkFk ysdj ykSVk vkSj ckM+s esa ck¡/dj fdlh ls fcuk oqQN dgs xk; dh ryk'k esa taxy dh vksj fudy iM+kA oqQN nsj <w¡<+us osQ ckn xk; u feyh rks v¡/sjs ls Mjdj og isM+ ij p<+ x;k vkSj fu'p; dj fy;k fd og xk; dks fy, fcuk okil ugha ykSVsxkA Fkdku osQ dkj.k mls tYnh gh uhan vk xbZA vpkud isM+ fgyus yxkA mlus uhps ns[kk rks yypkbZ vk¡[kksa ls 'ksj ns[k jgk FkkA Mj osQ ekjs mldk cqjk gky FkkA dbZ ckj og 'ksj xqjkZrk vkSj mNy&mNydj yM+osQ dks idM+us dh dksf'k'k djrkA nks fnu vkSj jkrsa bl rjg dV xb± ij og 'ksj ogk¡ ls gVus dk uke ugha ys jgk FkkA ml yM+osQ dk Hkw[k vkSj isM+ ij cSBs jgus osQ dkj.k cqjk gky FkkA vpkud mls ,d rjdhc lw>hA og isM+ dh iqQuxh ij igq¡pk vkSj viuh /ksrh [kksydj gok esa ygjkus yxkA oqQN vknfe;ksa us ml taxy esa gok esa ygjkrs diM+s dks ns[k fy;kA rHkh yM+osQ us ikl vkrs gq, mu vknfe;ksa dks lkoèkku fd;k fd bl isM+ osQ uhps Hkw[kk 'ksj cSBk gSA ;g lqudj mUgksaus viuh canwdksa ls xksfy;k¡ pykdj 'ksj dks ekj fn;kA yM+osQ dh [kq'kh dk fBdkuk u FkkA og vius ekfyd dks ns[k jks iM+kA ekfyd Hkh pkjksa f'kdkfj;ksa osQ lkFk rhu fnu ls mls taxy esa <w¡<+ jgs FksA mUgksaus crk;k fd ftl xk; osQ fy, og rhu fnu ls isM+ ij Fkk og xk; rks mlh fnu vius&vki okil vk xbZ FkhA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ^xM+fj;s* dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ^pjokgk* gSA

([k) taxy esa xM+fj;s dk yM+dk vius ekfyd osQ ikyrw xk;&cSyksa dks pjkus osQ fy, ys x;k FkkA

(x) og yM+dk tkuojksa dks taxy esa NksM+ [kqn >jus osQ fdukjs cSBdj eNfy;k¡ idM+us yxkA mlus mu tkuojksa dk è;ku ugha j[kkA 'kke dks ykSVrs le; mlus ns[kk fd ,d xk; xk;c FkhA

15 isM+ ij fcrk, rhu fnu

86

fyf[kr

1- (d) isM+ ij xM+fj;s dk yM+dk cSBk FkkA og taxy esa xk; dks <w¡<+us vk;k FkkA v¡/sjk f?kj tkus osQ dkj.k og Mj x;k vkSj jkr fcrkus osQ fy, isM+ ij p<+ x;kA

([k) isM+ osQ uhps cSBk 'ksj ml yM+osQ dks isM+ ij cSBk ns[kdj isM+ dks fgykus yxk ftlls og yM+dk uhps fxj tk, vkSj og mls [kk ysA

(x) 'ksj mu f'kdkjh canwd/kfj;ksa dh xksfy;ksa ls ekjk x;k] ftUgsa tkuojksa dk ekfyd taxy esa ml yM+osQ dks <w¡<+us osQ fy, lkFk yk;k FkkA

(?k) og yM+dk v¡/sjk gksus ij okil blfy, ugha ykSVk] D;ksafd mlus iDdk bjknk dj fy;k Fkk fd og fcuk xk; dks fy, ?kj okil ugha ykSVsxkA

2- (d) (ii) ([k) (iii) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv) 3- (d) (i) ôg* vkSj ^mls* xM+fj;s osQ yM+osQ osQ fy, dgk x;k gSA (ii) mls ,slk yx jgk Fkk fd mldh ykijokgh ls xk; xqe gks xbZ gSA vius ekfyd osQ

ozQks/ osQ Mj ls og xk; dks <w¡<+us okil taxy vk;k FkkA (iii) xk; osQ u feyus ij v¡/sjk f?kj vkus osQ dkj.k mls Mj yxus yxkA mlus eu&gh&eu

iDdk bjknk dj fy;k Fkk fd og fcuk xk; dks fy, ?kj ugha ykSVsxkA blhfy, og isM+ ij p<+ x;k vkSj lqcg gksus dk bar”kkj djus yxkA

(iv) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA ([k) (i) ^mM+rh gqbZ >aMh* okLro esa ml yM+osQ dh /ksrh FkhA (ii) og >aMh ml xM+fj;s osQ yM+osQ us cukbZ Fkh] D;ksafd ml >aMh dks ns[k taxy esa

vkus okyk dksbZ Hkh O;fDr mldh lgk;rk dj ldrk FkkA (iii) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA (iv) bl dgkuh dks i<+dj ge ;g f'k{kk izkIr djrs gSa fd fdlh Hkh dk;Z dks iwjh

ftEesnkjh] drZO;cks/ vkSj lroZQrk ls iwjk djuk pkfg,A ;fn og yM+dk mu tkuojksa ij utj j[krk rks mls isM+ ij rhu fnu ugha fcrkus iM+rsA lkFk gh eqlhcr osQ le; gesa fuMjrk] /S;Z rFkk le>nkjh ls dke ysuk pkfg,A

Hkk"kk cks/ 1- mnZw 'kCn ¯gnh 'kCn (d) cs[kkSI+kQ fuMj ([k) rjI+kQ vksj (x) ”kjk FkksM+k (?k) de”kksjh nqcZyrk (Ä) u”knhd ikl 2- (d) dh ([k) us (x) dk (?k) osQ fy, (Ä) ij 3- (d) (iv) ([k) (v) (x) (i) (?k) (iii) (Ä) (ii)

87

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1



l fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ 2 & 5 = 10

(d) xM+fj;s dk yM+dk xk;&cSyksa dks NksM+dj D;k djus yxk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) xM+fj;s dk yM+dk taxy esa D;k <w¡<+us fudyk\ taxy oSQlk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) xM+fj;s osQ yM+osQ dh tku D;ksa lw[k xbZ\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) yM+dk gok esa /ksrh D;ksa mM+k jgk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) yM+osQ dks fdrus vkneh <¡w<+ jgs Fks\ mUgsa D;k yxk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

88

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2



1- ^fd* vkSj ^dh* dk iz;ksx djosQ fjDr LFkku dh iw£r dhft,µ 3

(d) yM+dk isM+ ----------------- iqQxuh ij p<+ x;kA

([k) mlus iDdk bjknk dj fy;k Fkk ----------------- cxSj xk; dks fy, ?kj ugha ykSVsxkA

(x) 'ksj dks D;k [kcj ----------------- mQij isM+ ij D;k gks jgk gSA

(?k) ml NksVs cPps ----------------- D;k fclkr!

(Ä) 'ksj bruh ”kksj ls xjtk ----------------- lkjk taxy fgy x;kA

(p) yM+osQ us vk¡[ksa eydj uhps ----------------- rjI+kQ ns[kk rks mlosQ jks,¡ [kM+s gks x,A

2- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn fyf[k,µ 4

(d) 'kke µ -------------------------

([k) v¡/sjk µ -------------------------

(x) fuMj µ -------------------------

(?k) nq"V µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,µ 3

(d) Hk;kud µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) bdV~Bk µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) u”kj µ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

89

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1 l (d) xM+fj;s dk yM+dk xk;&cSyksa dks NksM+dj ,d >jus osQ fdukjs eNfy;ksa dks idM+us esa yx

x;kA

([k) xM+fj;s dk yM+dk taxy esa xk; <w¡<+us fudykA taxy esa ml oDr v¡/sjk vkSj pkjksa vksj

lUukVk FkkA

(x) xM+fj;s us isM+ osQ uhps 'ksj dks ns[kk tks mldh rjI+kQ yypkbZ gqbZ vk¡[kksa ls ns[k jgk Fkk]

bl dkj.k mldh tku lw[k xbZA

(?k) yM+dk gok esa /ksrh blfy, mM+k jgk Fkk rkfd dksbZ f'kdkjh ml >aMh dks ns[kdj mls

cpkus vk tk,A

(Ä) yM+osQ dks pkj vkneh <w¡<+ jgs FksA mUgsa yxk fd dksbZ 'ksj yM+osQ dks ekjdj [kk x;k gksxkA

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1- (d) dh ([k) fd (x) fd (?k) dh (Ä) fd (p) dh 2- (d) lqcg ([k) mtkyk (x) Mjiksd (?k) lTtu 3- cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

90

lkjka'k

izLrqr ikB esa dkys ?kksM+s dh vkRedFkk dk o.kZu gSµtc eSa NksVk Fkk rks nwljs cNsM+ksa osQ lkFk ?kwerk&fiQjrk jgrk FkkA ek¡ eq>s vPNh ckrsa fl[kkrh fd eq>s vius iwoZtksa dh rjg buke thrus gSaA vius oqQy dk uke jks'ku djuk gSA cM+k gksus ij esjk uke ^MkdhZ* j[kk x;kA tSls&tSls eSa cM+k gksrk x;k] esjh lqanjrk esa fu[kkj vkrk x;kA esjs ekFks ij ,d lI+ksQn Vhdk Fkk tks yksxksa dks vkd£"kr djrk FkkA ,d cw<+s vkneh feú Mk£ou us esjh lqanjrk ls izHkkfor gksdj eq>s [kjhn fy;kA rc ls ysdj vkt rd viuh ek¡ ls fcNqM+us dk nq[k vkt Hkh esjs fny esa gSA bl u, ekfyd dk csVk tkWusFku cM+k gh ozwQj FkkA eq>s pkcqd ekjrk jgrkA mls e”kk p[kkus osQ fy, eSaus mls viuh ihB ls mNky fn;k FkkA f'kdk;r djus ij ekfyd us mls gh Mk¡Vk FkkA eSa cgqr [kq'k gks x;k FkkA ekyfdu us esjk u;k uke ^CySd C;wVh* j[k fn;kA ,d fnu eq>s ?kksM+kxkM+h esa tksrk x;k vkSj ekfyd vius lsod osQ lkFk yach ;k=kk ij fudysA mlh fnu tksjksa dh vk¡/h vkbZ Fkh vkSj ikuh Hkh cjlk FkkA ;k=kk ls ykSVus ij v¡/sjk gks pqdk FkkA ?kj vkus osQ fy, unh ij cus ydM+h osQ iqy ij ls vkuk FkkA T;ksa gh eSaus ydM+h osQ iqy ij iSj j[kk] eq>s fdlh [krjs dk vkHkkl gqvkA ekfyd us eq>s vkxs c<+us osQ fy, pkcqd ekjs ij eSa vkxs u c<+kA rHkh nwj ls vkrs vkneh ph[k iM+s] ¶iwy VwV pqdk gS! iqy ij er tkvks! vkxs [krjk gSA¸ lqurs gh eSa rks Mj x;k] ijarq esjs ekfyd us esjk /U;okn fd;kA ?kj igq¡pdj mUgksaus ekyfdu ls Hkh esjh iz'kalk dh vkSj crk;k fd CySd C;wVh us gekjs izk.k cpk, gSaA rc ls ml ifjokj esa esjs izfr isze vkSj Hkh c<+ x;kA esjk vLrcy Hkh cgqr lkI+kQ&lqFkjk jgrk gSA vc tkWusFku vkSj eSa vPNs nksLr gSaA

ikB~;iqLrd osQ mRrj

ekSf[kd

(d) ?kksM+s osQ igys ekfyd us mldk uke ^MkdhZ* j[kk FkkA

([k) dkys ?kksM+s dh lqanjrk lcdks vkd£"kr djrh FkhA mlosQ ekFks ij lI+ksQn Vhdk mldh fof'k"V igpku Fkh rFkk 'kjhj osQ cky eqyk;e FksA

(x) ?kksM+s osQ u, ekfyd dk uke feú Mk£ou vkSj muosQ csVs dk uke tkWusFku FkkA

16 dkyk ?kksM+k

91

fyf[kr

1- (d) MkdhZ osQ iwoZtksa us ?kqM+nkSM+ izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa buke thrs FksA -------------------------

(cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA)

([k) CySd C;wVh us ekfyd osQ csVs tkWusFku dks viuh ihB ls uhps fxjk fn;k] D;ksafd og mls

lM+klM+ pkcqd ekjrk FkkA

(x) iqy ij iSj j[krs gh ?kksM+s dks ,slk yxk tSls vkxs dksbZ [krjk gSA blhfy, og ogha #d x;kA

2- (d) (i) ([k) (ii) (x) (ii) (?k) (ii)

3- (d) (i) ?kksM+s dk jax ,dne dkyk Fkk vkSj MkdhZ dk vFkZ Hkh xgjk jax gksrk gSA 'kk;n ml

?kksM+s osQ xgjs dkys jax osQ vuq:i mldk uke ^MkdhZ* j[kk gksxkA

(ii) ?kksM+s dk ekfyd mldks vPNk pkjk&nkuk] pus rFkk jksVh vkfn f[kykrk FkkA tkuojksa

dh vPNh ns[kHkky ogh dj ldrk gS tks n;kyq gksA ;gh vuqHko ikdj dkys ?kksM+s

us vius ekfyd dks n;kyq dgk gSA

(iii) MkdhZ osQ iwoZtksa us ?kqM+nkSM+ izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa izFke LFkku izkIr dj buke thrs gksaxsA

(iv) cw<+s vkneh us mls ^pqLr vkSj Nchyk ?kksM+k* dgk FkkA ek¡ ls fcNqM+dj MkdhZ cgqr

mnkl gks x;k FkkA dbZ fnuksa rd mlus Bhd ls [kkuk Hkh ugha [kk;k FkkA

([k) (i) mDr iafDr ?kksM+s us blfy, dgh] D;ksafd mlosQ ekfyd us tkWusFku dh f'kdk;r ij

è;ku u nsdj mls le>k;k vkSj ?kksM+s dk i{k fy;kA tkWusFku ?kksM+s dks pkcqd ekjk

djrk FkkA ,d fnu lSj ij tkrs le; tkWusFku us mls pkcqd ekjs] xqLls esa vkdj

?kksM+s us mls viuh ihB ij ls mNky fn;k FkkA

(ii) ?kksM+s osQ cw<+s ekfyd dk uke feú Mk£ou FkkA muosQ ifjokj esa ekfyd dh iRuh

vkSj csVk tkWusFku jgrs FksA tkWu ml ifjokj dk lsod FkkA os lc CySd C;wVh dk

iwjk [;ky j[krs FksA

(iii) yach nwjh dh ;k=kk ij feú Mk£ou rFkk muosQ lsod tkWu x, FksA ml fnu tksjksa dh

vk¡/h vkus vkSj ikuh cjlus ls unh ij cuk ydM+h dk iqy VwV pqdk FkkA ;k=kk ls

ykSVus osQ nkSjku os mlh iqy okys jkLrs ls ykSVuk pkgrs FksA ijarq ?kksM+s dks fdlh vutkus

[krjs dk vkHkkl gqvk vkSj og vkxs ugha c<+kA ;fn og vkxs c<+rk rks nq?kZVuk vo';

gks tkrhA os ?kksM+s dh le>nkjh vkSj iwokZHkkl 'kfDr osQ dkj.k cp x,A

(iv) dkys ?kksM+s dh dbZ fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA og ,d vPNh uLy dk ?kksM+k gSA ekFks ij lI+ksQn

Vhdk mls vU; ?kksM+ksa ls fof'k"V cuk nsrk gSA og pqLr vkSj iqQrhZyk ?kksM+k gSA mlosQ

92

xgjs dkys jax vkSj lqanjrk osQ dkj.k mldk uke ^MkdhZ* vkSj ^CySd C;wVh* j[kk

x;kA mlosQ ân; esa ekrìzse dh Hkkouk rFkk vius ekfyd osQ izfr LokfeHkfDr dh

Hkkouk fn[kykbZ iM+rh gSA og le>nkj vkSj LokfHkekuh Hkh gSA bUgha xq.kksa osQ dkj.k

mlosQ ekfyd vkSj mudk ifjokj mlls cgqr izse djrs gSaA

4- fdlus fdlls

(d) feú Mk£ou us tkWusFku ls

([k) oqQN vknfe;ksa us feú Mk£ou ls

(x) ekyfdu us ekfyd ls

5- (d) MkdhZ osQ iwoZtksa us nkSM+&izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa vusd buke thrsA vr% mldh ek¡ mls le>krh

gS fd mls Hkh nkSM+&izfr;ksfxrk,¡ thrdj vius oqQy dk uke jks'ku djuk gS vFkkZr~ vius

oqQy dh 'kku dks c<+kuk gSA

([k) tc CySd C;wVh us ydM+h osQ iqy ij vkxs u c<+dj vius ekfyd o tkWu osQ izk.k cpk,

rc ekfyd us dgk fd og rks euq"; dks gh lcls cqn~f/eku ekurs FksA ij CySd C;wVh us

viuh le>nkjh ls lkfcr dj fn;k fd tkuoj Hkh de cqn~f/eku ugha gksrsA

Hkk"kk cks/

1- (d) nq[kh ([k) cw<+k (x) Lokeh (?k) Mwcuk (Ä) ljy (p) csVk (N) vkneh (t) thou 2- fo'ks"k.k fo'ks"; (d) dkyk ?kksM+k ([k) cw<+k vkneh (x) eqyk;e cky (?k) n;kyq vkSjr (Ä) VwVk iqy (p) le>nkj tkuoj 3- (d) (iii) ([k) (ii) (x) (iii) (?k) (iv) 4- (d) uke jks'ku djuk µ lEeku c<+kuk ([k) pV dj tkuk µ [kk tkuk (x) [kq'kh ls iwQyk u lekuk µ cgqr [kq'k gksuk (?k) vk¡[kksa esa ped vkuk µ [kq'k gksuk (Ä) fny ckx&ckx gksuk µ cgqr [kq'k gksuk

uksVµokD; cPps Lo;a cuk,¡axsA

93

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1


vuqozQekad% ------------- fnukad% ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 10

1- fuEufyf[kriz'uksaosQmRrjfyf[k,µ 2&3= 6

(d) ?kksM+s dk uke ^MkdhZ* fdlus o D;ksa j[kk Fkk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ^CySd C;wVh* osQ iqy ikj u djus ij ekfyd us D;k dgk\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) MkdhZ osQ u, ekfyd dk D;k uke Fkk\ os oSQls O;fDr Fks\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- ikBosQvk/kjijlghokD;osQlkeuslgh()vkSjxyrokD;osQlkeus()dkfu'kkuyxkb,µ 2

(d) MkdhZ lI+ksQn jax dk FkkA ([k) MkdhZ dks pus cgqr vPNs yxrs FksA (x) u, Lokeh dk uke tkWusFku FkkA (?k) CySd C;wVh iqy VwVus ij unh esa fxj x;kA

3- lghfeykudhft,µ 2

(d) tkuoj cksy ugha ldrs (i) D;k uke gS! lcls vuks[kkA

([k) CySd C;wVh! okg! (ii) esjk ekfyd [kq'kh ls iwQyk u lek;kA

(x) esjh pqLrh vkSj iqQrhZ ns[kdj (iii) ij le>rs lc oqQN gSaA

(?k) CySd C;wVh us gekjs izk.k cpk, gSa] (iv) gesa thou&nku fn;k gSA

94

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2

uke % ------------- d{kk % ------------- vè;kid@vè;kfidk% ------------- iw.kk±d

vuqozQekad% ------------- fnukad% ------------- vfHkHkkod % ------------- 10

1- uhpsfn,x,'kCnksadkslghLFkkuijfyf[k,µ 3

tkWu] ekfyd] nksLrh] ?kj] flgju] Mk£ou

O;fDrokpdlaKk tkfrokpdlaKk HkkookpdlaKk

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

------------------------------------

-

2- uhpsfn,x,'kCnksaosQfyaxcnydjfyf[k,µ 3

(d) xk; µ ------------------------- ([k) ?kksM+k µ -------------------------

(x) ekfyd µ ------------------------- (?k) yM+dk µ -------------------------

(Ä) lsod µ ------------------------- (p) ekrk µ -------------------------

3- fuEufyf[kreqgkojksadkiz;ksxdjokD;cukb,µ 4

(d) uke jks'ku djuk µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) [kq'kh ls iwQyk u lekuk µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) vk¡[kksa esa ped vkuk µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) fny ckx&ckx gksuk µ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

95

mRrj

dk;Z&if=kdkµ1

1- (d) ?kksM+s dk uke ^MkdhZ* mlosQ ekfyd us j[kk Fkk] D;ksafd og ,dne dkys jax dk FkkA

([k) ekfyd us dgk fd og le>rk Fkk fd euq"; gh lcls cqn~f/eku gksrk gS] ijarq tkuoj

Hkh de cqn~f/eku ugha gksrsA

(x) MkdhZ osQ u, ekfyd dk uke feú Mk£ou FkkA os cM+s mnkj vkSj i'kqvksa ls izse djus okys

O;fDr FksA

2- (d) ([k) (x) (?k)

3- (d) (iii) ([k) (i) (x) (ii) (?k) (iv)

dk;Z&if=kdkµ2 1-

O;fDrokpdlaKk tkfrokpdlaKk HkkookpdlaKk

tkWu

Mk£ou

ekfyd

?kj

nksLrh

flgju

2- (d) cSy ([k) ?kksM+h (x) ekyfdu (?k) yM+dh (Ä) lsfodk (p) firk 3- cPps Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

rr

96

vH;kl iz'u&i=&&4

1- (d) dkyk ?kksM+k

([k) VwVk iqy

(x) cw<+k vkneh

(?k) eqyk;e cky

2- (d) xekZgV ([k) lqanjrk (x) gfj;kyh (?k) BaMd

3- (d) Lokn ([k) fo'ks"krk

uksVµokD; fon~;kFkhZ Lo;a cuk,¡xsA

4- (d) ^mM+rh gqbZ >aMh* okLro esa yM+osQ dh /ksrh FkhA

([k) og >aMh yM+osQ us cukbZ Fkh rkfd dksbZ ml >aMh dks ns[kdj mldh enn osQ fy, ogk¡ vk,A

(x) cPps Lo;a fy[ksaxsA

(?k) bl dgkuh ls ge ;g f'k{kk izkIr djrs gSa fd eqlhcr osQ le; gesa fgEer o lw>&cw>

ls dke ysuk pkfg,A

5- (d) dkys ?kksM+s dh lqanjrk lcdks vkd£"kr djrh FkhA mlosQ ekFks ij lI+ksQn Vhdk mldh

fof'k"V igpku Fkh rFkk 'kjhj osQ cky eqyk;e FksA

([k) osQjy dk izeq[k R;ksgkjµvks.ke* gSA ikSjkf.kd dFkk osQ vuqlkj bu fnuksa esa jktk egkcfy

viuh iztk ls feyus vkrs gSaA blhfy, muosQ vkxeu dh [kq'kh esa yksx ;g R;ksgkj eukrs gSaA

(x) isM+ ij xM+fj;s dk yM+dk cSBk FkkA og taxy esa xk; dks <w¡<+us vk;k FkkA v¡/sjk f?kj tkus

osQ dkj.k og Mj x;k vkSj jkr fcrkus osQ fy, isM+ ij p<+ x;kA

(?k) clar ½rq esa ½rq ifjorZu osQ dkj.k izÑfr esa Hkh ifjorZu fn[kykbZ iM+rs gSaA isM+ksa dh iqjkuh ifRr;k¡ >M+ tkrh gSa] muosQ LFkku ij dksey ifRr;k¡ vk tkrh gSaA pkjksa vksj f[kys iwQyksa osQ lkSan;Z vkSj Hkhuh [kq'kcw ls izÑfr dk :i gh cny tkrk gSA

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