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Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products. Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock. Specie Diet inclusion tons / year Swine10%274,950 Dairy20%263,000 Repl. Heifers30% 70,000 Poultry10%177,390 Beef/cow-calfvar. 47,477 TOTAL832,817. 60%. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Livestock Perspectives on Bio-energy co-products
Feeding DDGS to IN Livestock
Specie Diet inclusion tons / year
Swine 10% 274,950
Dairy 20% 263,000
Repl. Heifers 30% 70,000
Poultry 10% 177,390
Beef/cow-calf var. 47,477
TOTAL 832,817
Est. production of DDGS = 1.4 M tons60%
DDGS Nutritional Issues
1. Variability in available amino acids– Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84%– Novus Intl. in vitro assay (r2 = 0.88)
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50
Sample Number
Dig
estib
ility
(%)
Lysine
Methionine
Threonine
Amino Acid Digestibility (%)
Novus Intl., 2006
High Dig. Lys. Low Dig. Lys.
DDGS Nutritional Issues
1. Variability in available amino acids– Lys digestibility range = 60 to 84%
2. Variability in available energy– ME ranges between 2629 to 2981 kcal/kg
3. Variability in phosphorusTotal P, % Available P, %
total PCorn 0.3 20 to 30%DDGS 0.75 60 to 80%
DDGS Nutritional Issues
4. Variability in sodium content (corn=0.02%)
– 0.05 to 0.17% Typical diet = 0.18%
5. Pelleting – molasses “balls” from solubles cause “gumming” of dies reducing throughput and pellet durability
6. INCONSISTENCY (w/in & between plants)
7. Mycotoxins (concentrated 3X)
8. Sulfur content (0.4 to 0.8 vs corn = 0.12)
SBM vs DDGS
• DDGS contains 62% of the protein of SBMSBM = 44 or 48 DDGS = 27
• DDGS contains 30% of the total lysine of SBM
SBM = 2.83 DDGS = 0.84
• DDGS contains 16% of the available lysineSBM = 2.41 DDGS = 0.39
Feed Manufacturing Issues
• Flow rates (handling / transportation)
• Bridging- bad with high inclusion rates
• Particle size? ( < 400 to > 600 um)
• Separation/settling issues?• Pelletability?
• Wet feeding - spoilage
Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
• Effect on Animal Performance (including reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?
Other Issues / Unknowns with DDGS
• Effect on Animal Performance (including reproductive performance) ?
• Effect on Product Quality ?
• Effect on Nutrient Management ?
• Producer Education
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
2.5-2.7 gal of Ethanol
One bushel of CornCorn Dry Grind Facility
15-17 lbs of DDGS
Ruminant Feed
Co-products in Dry Grind Corn Process
V. Singh, UIUCNonruminant Food
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum degerminator
3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with alpha-amylase
Coproducts from Modified Dry Grind andQuick Germ Quick Fiber Processes
One bushel CornCorn Dry Grind Facility
2.6 gal Ethanol
7.0 lb Residu
al DDGS
Ruminant Food
Dry DegermDefiberProcess
Nonruminant Food
4 lb Germ
4 lb Perica
rp Fiber
+
V. Singh, UIUC
Effect of Processing Technology on Nutrient Content of DDGS (%)1
Conventional Modified Quick germComponent dry grind dry grind quick fiber
Protein 21 25 28
Fat 14 9 6
Fiber (TDF) 36 28 25
Lysine 0.73 0.63 0.91
Phosphorus, % 0.78 0.47 1.12
1 dry matter basis.Parsons et al., 2006
Processing Methods or Technologies
1. Conventional dry grind
2. Modified dry grind – recovers germ and pericarp fiber with a horizontal drum degerminator
3. Quick germ quick fiber – recovers germ and pericarp fiber by soaking corn in water for 6 to 12 hours with alpha-amylase
4. Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill) – uses enzymes to recover additional endosperm fiber
Coproducts from Enzymatic Dry Grind (E-Mill)
One bushel CornCorn Dry Grind Facility
2.6 gal Ethanol
3.7 lb Residu
al DDGS
Ruminant Food
QuickGerm
QuickFiber
Nonruminant Food
E-Mill
3.3 lb Germ 4 lb
Pericarp
Fiber 4 lb Endosperm Fiber
V. Singh, UIUC
Overall Issues with DDGS
• Product Variation
• Handling, Storage, Transportation
• Effect on Animal Performance
• Effect on Product Quality
• Effect on Nutrient Management
• Producer Education
Glycerol from Bio-diesel• ~ 10% of production
• What to do with off-spec for human / industrial use?
• Can use up to 10% in diets (CHO energy +)
• Purity vs. cost?
• Pellet binder?
• Change in animal fat composition / amount
• Handling issues?
Helpful Resources
• http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/
• http://ilift.traill.uiuc.edu/distillers/