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8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/listeningppttextbooklecture-ary-english-speaking-course-lucknow-cdi- 1/36
Ch. 4 Listening
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Listening vs. Hearing Hearing- the process in which sound waves
strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that
are transmitted to the brain
Listening occurs when the brain
reconstructs these electrochemical impulses
into a representation of the original soundthat gives them meaning
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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The listening process involves
several stages Attending- paying attention to a certain
stimulus
Understanding-when we make sense of themessage we heard
Responding- when we give feedback to the
person who sent the message Remembering- what we actually remember
of the message that we heard
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Are we good listeners?
Studies show that people only remember half of what we hear immediately after
hearing it (within two months half of thehalf we remembered is also gone)
Overall, we remember about 25% of whatwe hear
The residual message is what weremember
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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mportant points to remember Listening is not a natural process
Listening requires effort
All listeners do not receive the same
messages
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Faulty listening behaviors
Psuedolistening- when someone appears to be
listening but in reality they are not
Selective listening- only listen to what they wantto listen to
Defensive listening-take innocent comments as
personal attacks
Ambushing- listen carefully but only to collect
information to use against you and attack
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Faulty listening cont«
Insulated listening- forget right away what
they heard do not pay attention to the
message that was sent
Insensitive listening- don¶t receive others
messages clearly because they do not look
beneath the words being spoken only take atface value
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Faulty listening behaviors cont«
Stage hogging- ³conversational narcissists´
try to turn the topic to themselves instead of
showing interest in the speaker
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Informational listening
A listening approach to follow when you
want to understand another person.
When goal is to clearly interpret message
sent by other person you are communicating
with
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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You may become a more
effective informational listener
by practicing the following sevenskills:
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#1 Don¶t argue or judge
prematurely Listen first
Make sure you understand
Then evaluate or argue, if you choose
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#2 Separate the message from the
speaker Don¶t shoot the messenger
Don¶t discount a message just based on who
is presenting it
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#3Be opportunistic
Find some value in even the worst situations
Even when you are stuck in a boring
conversation there might still be nuggets of
important information
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#4 Look for key ideas
Try to figure out what the main point of the
message is
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#5A
sk questions Questioning is a very useful tool in
clarifying interpretations
Ask questions in order to clarify your idea
of the sender¶s message
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#6Paraphrase
Restate what it is you think the message
was that the sender meant to send
Than ask if you were correct in your
interpretation
This leaves room for possible needed
clarification
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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#7 T
ake notes Notes provide an excellent backup to
memory
Use when it is important that message is
remembered
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Points that will help you take
effective notes: Don¶t wait to long after the interaction to
write notes down
Record only key ideas
Develop a note-taking format
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Critical listening Critical listening or evaluative listening-
takes place when one is judging the quality
of a message in order to decide whether to
accept it or reject it
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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There are many important points
to remember when criticallyevaluating a message
Listen to information before evaluating
Evaluate speakers credibility
-is the speaker competent?
- is the speaker impartial/biased?
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Examine the speaker¶s evidence
and reasoning
1. Is the evidence recent enough?
2. Is enough evidence presented?
3. Is the evidence from a reliable source?
4. Can the evidence be interpreted in morethan one way?
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Examine emotional appeals Are you being influenced only by emotion?
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Empathic Listening Takes place when the overall goal is to
build a relationship or help the speaker
solve a problem
Often used when others seek help for
personal dilemmas
May also help you to become better acquainted with others
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8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Advising
Takes place when one tries to help by offering asolution
Before offering advice it is important that threeconditions are met:
1. You are confident that advice is correct
2. Ask yourself whether the person seeking your
advice seems willing to accept it3. Be certain that the receiver won¶t blame you if
the advice doesn¶t work out
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Judging A judging response evaluates the sender¶s
thoughts or behaviors in some way
Can be positive or negative
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For best results when judging the
following conditions should
exist:1. The person with problem should have
requested an evaluation from you
2. Your judgment is genuinely constructive
and not designed as a put down
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Analyzing
The listener offers an interpretation of a
speaker¶s message
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There are many guidelines to
follow when analyzing a
message:
1. Offer your interpretation in a tentative way rather
than as absolute fact2. Your analysis ought to have a reasonable chance
of being correct
3. Be sure other person will be receptive to your
analysis4. Be sure that your motive for offering analysis is
truly to help the other person
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Questioning is a way to help others think and work through
their problems
The most effective questioning follows these principles:
1. Don¶t ask questions just to satisfy your owncuriosity
2. Be sure your questions won¶t confuse or distractthe person you are trying to help
3. Don¶t use questions to disguise your suggestionsor criticism
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Supporting Offering support for another dealing with
a problem may have a powerful effect
When offering support:
1. Make sure your expression of support is
sincere
2. Be sure the other person can accept your
support
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Prompting A more passive approach to helping others
solve problems
Prompting involves using silences and brief
statements of encouragement to draw others
out, guiding them to solve their own
problems
8/8/2019 LISTENING.ppttextbooklecture Ary -English Speaking Course Lucknow (CDI) – www.cdilucknow.blogspot.com
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Paraphrasing Repeating what others said in your own
words and asking for clarification
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When paraphrasing consider the
following:1. Is the problem complex enough?
2. Do you have the necessary time and
concern?3. Are you genuinely interested in helping
the other person?
4. Can you withhold judgment?5. Is your paraphrasing in proportion to other
responses?
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In conclusion« Listening is a complex process, but with
this knowledge and practice we all have the
ability to become more effective listeners
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