Link 23 The Cult of the Beautiful Body Link 24Being Bilingual … · 2013-01-17 · games provides benefits similar to bilingualism in exercising the mind. A new study of 100 university

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Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women sell everything from food to cars. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging them that if they lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a

rewarding career.Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women?The root, some analysts say, is economic. By presenting an ideal diffi cult to achieve and maintain, the beauty industry is assured of growth and profi ts.Television and movies reinforce the importance of body image as a measure of a woman’s value. According to psychologist Sharon Lamb, girls today are taught that thin and sexy is the way they want to be when they grow up, so they believe they’d better start working on that now.Lamb believes it’s fi ne for girls to want to feel sexy and pretty when they are teenagers, but that shouldn’t be their primary focus. “If they are spending all their time choosing the right wardrobe, trying to dance like an MTV backup girl and applying lip gloss, it robs them of other options.”Some girls don’t want to participate in sports because they’re afraid they’ll bulk up. Some won’t try to play an instrument if it doesn’t fi t their image of what a “girly girl” should do, Sharon Lamb says.Research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem, and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls.Perhaps most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are attainable for a very small number of women—less than 5% of the female population.

THE CULT OF THE BEAUTIFUL BODY

In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35% of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70% of normal-weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfi ed with their appearance in some way.

Conditional sentences – p. 252Verb tense review – p. 258

GRAMMAR ITEMS

achieve: adquirir

assure of: assegurar de

attainable: alcançável

bulk up: ficar musculoso

disturbing: perturbador

fit: encaixar

growth: crescimento

had better: seria melhor

loss: perda

overweight: acima do peso

profit: lucro

rewarding: gratificante

root: origem

urge: precionar

value: valor

wardrobe: gurada-roupa

WORD BANK

LOG IN

1 Look at the text page. What is the text about?

2 Share your knowledge. Are standards of beauty

imposed on women or on men? How?

T40

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Sources: www.usatoday.com/news/health/2006-09-25-thin-models_x.htm www.media-awareness.ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty.cfm www.diet-blog.com/archives/categories/body_image/

The Era The Look of the Day for Women

1890s Actress Lillian Russell at 91 kg is the most celebrated beauty of the time.

1910s Paris designer creates slim dresses and declares that breasts are “out.”

1950s & 1960s Voluptuous full-fi gured shapes of Marilyn Monroe and Jayne Mansfi eld are popular.

1967 British model Twiggy (1,68m and 41 kg.) arrives on the scene—and the diet industry explodes.

1970s & 1980s Models gradually become taller, thinner, and begin to show toned muscle defi nition. Breasts make a fashion comeback.

2000 and beyond . . . Set your own trend!!!

1910

1950/60

1970/80

2010

Shutterstock/Carla Van Wagner

©Douglas Kirkland/Cobis/Corbis (DC)/LatinstockShutterstock/Kateryna Larina

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Magazines Harm Male Body Image

Body Image at www.cwhn.ca/resources/faq/bodyImage.html

RELATED ITEMS

What motivates you to make changes to your body: media imagery, health issues, etc.?

Forum

1 Reading Strategy: Look at the pictures on page 145. What can you say about the topic?

2 Read the text again. Write T for true, F for false, or NS for not stated.

1. According to women’s magazines, if women lose some weight . . .

a. their marriages will be perfect. T

b. they will sell food. NS

c. they will have extraordinary love life. T

d. their kids will be adorable. T

e. they will sell cars. NS

f. they will have a gratifying career. T

2. Beauty industries assure their growth when . . .

a. they present great profits. NS

b. they present an ideal that is difficult to achieve. T

c. they present an ideal that is easy to achieve. F

3. Young girls want to grow thin and sexy because . . .

a. their parents tell them to. F

b. the adults around them are thin and sexy. NS

c. movies and TV show images of thin and sexy women. T

4. According to Sharon Lamb, if girls spend their time caring about their appearance . . .

a. they will have to apply more lip gloss. NS

b. they will choose good clothes. NS

c. they may have fewer options in life. T

3 Answer the questions.

1. What is one thing that can lead to loss of self-esteem?

exposure to images of thin, young, female bodies

2. Who attains the media images of female beauty?

less than 5% of the female population

3. What do some girls believe will happen if they practice sports?

They think they will bulk up.

4. In your opinion, is “thin” still in?

Answers will vary.

Check the correct answer.

synopsis

magazine article

blog

research

TEXT TYPE

TOPIC

Beleza

imagery: fantasia

Answers will vary..

Inferring meaning: Inferir o significado é tirar conclusões a partir de evidências. Exemplo: "Ela deveria ter chegado duas horas atrás." (inferimos que ela não chegou).

READINGSTRATEGIES


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RESOURCES

had better (’d better): seria melhorwould rather (’d rather): preferiria

IdiomsExpressões idiomáticas são expressões características de uma língua.

looks: aparênciasurgery procedure: procedimento cirúrgicounless: a menos que

For more expressions with better, go to:

http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/better

1 Check the correct message of the sentences.

1. If they want to be thin when they grow up, they’d better start working on that now.

a. a preference b. advice c. a choice

2. I’m very busy. I’d rather see you tomorrow than today.

a. a command b. a question c. a preference

3. You look tired. You’d better take a taxi home.

a. advice b. an insult c. a doubt

4. She’s really pale. I’d rather take her to a hospital now than wait.

a. a doubt b. advice c. a question

2 Check the idioms you understand.

1. Better luck next time! 4. It’s better than nothing.

2. I have better things to do. 5. Couldn’t be better.

3. For better or for worse. 6. The sooner the better.

3 Fill in the blanks with words from the box to complete the blogs.

about better cosmetic procedure looks big

Answers will vary.

PERSONAL PRODUCTION

Post your personal answer to the question in the blog above.

Answers will vary.

Would you undertake a cosmetic surgery procedure? Why?

I wouldn’t undertake a procedure unless it was extremely

necessary. I take care of my body. I use creams, shampoo, deodorant and

all that stuff, but I’m not mad about it. I’m quite satisfied

with my looks .

I have already had cosmetic surgery. I didn’t like my nose

because it was too big . I feel much better

and more self confident now.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) (6)

1. Melhor sorte da próxima vez.2. Tenho coisa melhor a fazer.3. Para melhor e para pior.4. É melhor do que nada.5. Não poderia ser melhor.6. Quanto mais cedo melhor.


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BEING BILINGUAL PROTECTS BRAIN

Researchers from York University in Canada carried out tests on 104 people between the ages of 30 and 88.

They found that those who were fl uent in two languages were sharper mentally. Studies have shown that keeping the brain active can protect against senile dementia.

Language Skills Dr. Ellen Bialystok and colleagues at York University assessed the cognitive skills of all those involved in the study, using a variety of tests. They tested their vocabulary skills, their non verbal reasoning ability, and their reaction time.

Half of the volunteers spoke only English. The other half came from India and were fl uent in both English and Tamil.

The researchers found that the people who were fl uent in English and Tamil responded faster than those who were fl uent in just English. They said that the bilinguals were more effi cient at all ages tested and showed a slower rate of decline for some processes with aging.

“It is a possibility that the acquisition of a second language in early childhood may infl uence the process of the development of neuronal circuits,” said Professor Clive Ballard, director of the research.

“However, the results of this particular study need to be interpreted cautiously, as they were comparing groups of individuals of diff erent nationalities, educated in diff erent systems.”

senile dementia n. [U] a serious medical condition that affects the minds of some old people, and makes them confused and behave in a strange way.

Source: Longman Exams Dictionary, 2004.

Direct and indirect speech – p. 255

GRAMMAR ITEMS

aging: envelhecimento

bestow: conceder

board game: jogo de tabuleiro

brain: cérebro

carry out: realizar

cautiously: cuidadosamente

early: cedo

rate: taxa

sharp: atento

skills: habilidades

WORD BANK

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3794479.stm

LOG IN

1 Take a look at the text pages.

What is it about?

2 Share your knowledge. What may help people

to have good mental health?

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Research has shown that being fl uent in two languages may help to keep the brain sharper for longer.

According to research, other activities like playing musical instruments, dancing or reading regularly, doing crosswords, or playing board games may also help.

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�Education in general can bestow benefi ts on cognitive function in later life.�

Professor Clive Ballard, Alzheimer’s Society

Better living through video games? Canadian researchers are finding evidence that the high-speed, multitasking of the young and wireless can help protect their brains from aging. A body of research suggests that playing video games provides benefits similar to bilingualism in exercising the mind.

A new study of 100 university undergraduates in Toronto has found that video gamers consistently outperform their non-playing peers in a series of tricky mental tests. If they also happened to be bilingual, they were unbeatable.

"The people who were video game players were better and faster performers," said psychologist Ellen Bialystok, a research professor at York University. "Those who were bilingual and video game addicts scored best -- particularly at the most difficult tasks."Source: http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/science/article812922.ece


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Can we prevent aging?

Participating in Mental Activities May Prevent Memory Loss

Exercise Helps Prevent Age-Related Brain Changes in Older Adults

RELATED ITEMS

1 Reading Strategy: Scan the text for the following information.

1. The name of the University in Canada: York University

2. The name of the Professor: Ellen Bialystok or Clive Ballard

3. The two countries mentioned: Canada, India

4. The name of two languages: English, Tamil

5. The name of a condition: Senile Dementia

2 Read the text again. Write T for true, or F for false.

1. Who responded the test faster? The people who . . .

a. F were fluent in just English.

b. T were fluent in Tamil and English.

c. F were fluent in just Tamil.

d. F came from India.

e. F were older.

2. Who was more efficient?

a. T All the bilinguals were more efficient.

b. F Just the oldest bilinguals were efficient.

c. F A mixture of bilinguals and nonbilinguals were efficient.

d. T The nonbilinguals were less efficient than the bilinguals.

3 Answer the questions.

1. Where did half of the volunteers come from?

Half of the volunteers came from India.

2. How many volunteers spoke only English?

Half of the volunteers only spoke English.

3. What can we infer about where Tamil is spoken?

It is spoken in India.

Do you agree with the statement: “activities like reading, dancing, playing games . . . can help

protect against senile dementia”? Why / Why not?

Forum

TOPIC

Atividades e o cérebro

Check the correct answer.

interview

advertisement

instructions

scientific report

TEXT TYPE

Scanning: Passar os olhos pelo texto em busca de informações específicas, como uma data, um nome ou para resposta a uma pergunta.

READINGSTRATEGIES


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RESOURCES

Phrasal verbcarry: carregarcarry away: envolvercarry off: matarcarry on: continuarcarry out: completar

For further information, go to:

www.thefreedictionary.com/carry

For online dictionaries, try:www.ldoceonline.comwww.thefreedictionary.

comwww.yourdictionary.com/

idioms/carry-out

early: cedo, logo, prematuro, primeiro etc. Pode funcionar como adjetivo: early morning ou como advérbio: He arrived early.

For further information on early, go to:

www.thefreedictionary.com/early

1 Write the meaning of the underlined phrasal verbs. Use phrases from the box.

continue cause the death conclude get excited

1. The child was carried off by a flu.

cause the death

2. The soldiers carried out the mission successfully.

do successfully / conclude

3. She got carried away by the movie and started dancing around the room.

get excited

4. We want to carry on trying to help them.

continue

2 Choose the meaning of the word early in the sentences below.

a. cedo

b. muito jovem

c. primeiros

d. prematura

1. a I woke up really early this morning.

2. c The Aborigines were the early inhabitants of Australia.

3. d Poor Joe had an early death.

4. b Mozart started playing at an early age.

PERSONAL PRODUCTION

Based on your answers, write a paragraph about your future mental health.

3 The activities below are good for your mental health. Choose the ones you do.

dance do crafts read regularly do crosswords

run speak languages do physical exercises play board games

walk use a computer don't get stressed get plenty of sleep

have a healthy diet

play a musical instrument

watch TV for less than seven hours a day

exercise my memory

Os alunos assinalam as atividades que costumam fazer

I read regularly, I do physical exercises, I am bilingual,

and I dance. However, I get stressed easily and I don’t get

enough sleep. So, if I don’t improve my way of life, maybe

my mental faculties and emotional stability won’t be very

good in my old age.


152

A: Can you help me, please? I’m lost. I always get lost on the Tube. B: Do you have a Tube map? A: Yes, but I don’t understand the names of the stations and

I always get off at the wrong place. B: Let me tell you what you can do. Find where you are on the map

and then count the number of stations to your destination. When you get used to the names, you can stop counting.

A: That’s a good idea, thanks.

CHATTING — Asking for directions

NET COOKIES Quiz: The immune system

Shutterstock/c. Shutterstock/c.

1 What is the function of the immune system? a. to defend our bodies against viruses and bacteria.

b. to create antibodies and allow viruses to enter the body.

2 What happens to our immune system when we die? a. It keeps functioning for a few days

b. It stops working immediately

3 What type of illness can be caused by the immune system? a. inflammation b. allergy

4 An immunological failure cannot cause: a. flu, measles, and AIDS.

b. cancer, rachitis, and albinism.

5 How often does a bacteria cell reproduce itself?a. every 20 or 30 minutes b. every hour

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Tube: metrô (Brit.)

Answers will vary.

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Source: http://www.funtrivia.com/playquiz/quiz592536cb3e0.html

Role Play: Practice this situation with a partner. Then exchange roles. Use the conversation above as a model. You’re at a new subway station in (city/town) when you realize you are lost. Ask a passer-by for help.

Read the text below.

Now visit the link, take the quiz and share your answers (and score) with a partner.


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1 Match the halves of the sentences to create accurate statements.

1. If you are a qualified and reliable professional, a. 2 if she knew how unhealthy they are.

2. She would never eat French fries again b. 5 if we don't do our share.

3. If you study a foreign language, c. 4 I’d be a pilot.

4. If I could choose any job in the world, d. 1 you will certainly get a good job.

5. The world will never be a better place, e. 6 if I get that job interview.

6. I will need to practice f. 3 you will be exercising your brain.

2 Read the sentences and choose the correct alternative.

I. Many people are looking for jobs nowadays.

II. There are over 45 different types of diets.

III. If you start to study English, you will fall in love with it!

a. A frase I está no singular.

b. A expressão “there are” pode ser trocada por “have” sem que o sentido da frase se perca.

c. O pronome “it” na frase III se refere a “inglês”.

d. A frase I está gramaticalmente incorreta. Deveria ser: “Many peoples are looking”.

e. A frase II fala de uma condição no passado.

3 Check the alternative where the following sentence is reported correctly.

George said, “Paulo is speaking on the phone.”

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a. George said that Paulo had been speaking on the phone.

b. George said that Paulo spoke on the phone.

c. George said that Paulo was speaking on the phone.

d. George said that Paulo speaks on the phone.


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Review • lin

ks 23 and 24 4 Assinale a alternative correta.

I. Melanie has been living in Chicago for four years.

II. If Jonathan had a car, he wouldn’t need to take the bus.

III. Barry told Will that Fred hadn’t bought the cake.

a. As frases I, II e III apresentam erros gramaticais.

b. As frases II e III expressam fatos sobre o passado.

c. Apenas as frases I e III estão gramaticalmente corretas.

d. Na frase I Melanie ainda mora em Chicago.

e. Na frase II, Jonathan não tinha um carro, mas agora ele já tem.

5 Use the words from the box to form collocations.

foreign board sports overtime play

get do luck out of healthy

a. Get enough sleep f. Practice sports

b. Have a healthy diet g. Work overtime

c. Play board games h. Speak foreign languages

d. Do crosswords i. To be out of work

e. Better luck next time j. Play a musical instrument

6 Check the incorrect alternative.

Peanuts are like poison for people who have severe food allergies to them. For some, ingesting even a tiny piece of peanut can trigger a potentially fatal reaction. But new research shows that immunotherapy may help temper these reactions.

Source: www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/19/aaas.food.allergies/index.html?hpt=Sbin

a. People who are very allergic to peanuts can die even if they eat a small piece.

b. Researchers believe that patients can become immune if they have small doses of peanut.

c. The amount given to patients to develop immunity should never go up.

d. People develop immunity to other allergies by receiving shots.


155

readin

g challengeReading Strategy: Predicting

Prever ou antecipar o conteúdo de um texto antes de lê-lo é uma estratégia de leitura conhecida como predicting. Esta estratégia ajudará você a se tornar um leitor mais ativo e a focar no texto. Quando você trabalha com predicting, você chega a conclusões lógicas e faz inferências sobre o conteúdo de um texto. Para utilizar essa estratégia no texto "Margaret Thatcher", siga os passos abaixo:1. Analise o título de texto, o layout, as imagens e suas legendas (caso existam). O que esses

elementos lhe dizem sobre o texto?

2. Qual é o gênero do texto? Quais são as características do conteúdo desse tipo de gênero textual?

3. Leia somente o primeiro parágrafo. Pare e questione-se: “Qual é o conteúdo do texto?”;

Margaret ThatcherIn 1969, the British politician Margaret Thatcher stated a woman would not become the Prime Minister of Great Britain during her lifetime. How wrong she was! Born in 1925 in the manufacturing town of Grantham, England, Margaret Hilda Roberts was the daughter of grocers. She went on to get a chemistry degree at Oxford University in 1947. She married Denis Thatcher, an oil executive, in 1951, and became the mother of twins.Thatcher, however, was no ordinary housewife. After pursuing a law degree, she was elected to Parliament in 1959. She served as Britain’s Education Minister before becoming Conservative Party leader in 1975. Then, in 1979, Thatcher herself became Great Britain’s fi rst woman Prime Minister.How could such a talented, ambitious individual have been so wrong in her prediction about her own future?In part, the answer refl ects the times in which Thatcher lived. When she made her prediction in 1969, women still faced many obstacles to success. Fewer women than men applied to graduate degree programs or were admitted to study medicine and law. Women were paid much less than men in the workplace, and they rarely achieved top executive positions.Margaret Thatcher, however, beat the odds. She served as Prime Minister from 1979 until she resigned in 1990. It was a longer continuous period of time than any Prime Minister of Great Britain had served for 150 years. Forceful and controversial, she was nicknamed “The Iron Lady.”

beat the odds: ir contra as probabilidades

chemistry: química

forceful: enérgico

graduate: pós-graduação

grocer: dono de mercearia

housewife: dona de casa

nickname: apelidar

resign: renunciar

WORD BANK

readin

g challenge

readin

g challenge

leader in 1975. Then, in 1979, Thatcher herself became Great Britain’s

How could such a talented, ambitious individual have been so wrong in her prediction about

Index Stock Imagery (RM)/Latinstock

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readin

g challenge 1 Reading Strategy: Agora que você já leu o texto sobre Margaret Thatcher, verifique

suas previsões estavam corretas.

2 Check the sentence that is correct according to the text.

a. Thatcher always believed she would be Prime Minister.

b. Thatcher grew up in a family of artists and writers.

c. Thatcher served as leader of her political party in the 1970s.

d. Thatcher was Prime Minister for an unusually short time.

3 Check the incorrect sentence.

a. Women and men had equal job opportunities in the 1960s.

b. Margaret Thatcher was a wife and mother.

c. Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979.

d. No woman had served as Britain’s Prime Minister before 1979.

4 Check the correct answer to fill in the blank.

Margaret Thatcher was nicknamed “The Iron Lady” because she was .

a. forceful c. cruel

b. kind d. respected

5 Quais acontecimentos significativos aconteceram na vida de Margaret Thatcher nos anos abaixo?

1925 Nascimento em Gratham, Inglaterra.

1951 Casamento com Dennis Thatcher.

1959 Eleição para o Parlamento Britânico.

1990 Renúncia ao cargo de primeira-ministra.

Answers will vary.


Documents

Link 23 The Cult of the Beautiful Body Link 24Being Bilingual … · 2013-01-17 · games provides benefits similar to bilingualism in exercising the mind. A new study of 100 university