REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELAMINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL SIMÓN RODRÍGUEZNÚCLEO: PALO VERDE

CURSE: PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

STUDENTS’NAMES: STUDENTS’NAMES:

BARCENAS TERESITABARCENAS TERESITAPACHECO MAIGUALIDA PACHECO MAIGUALIDA

INTRODUCTION Since a bicycle has two wheels and

binoculars are for two eyes, it would that bilingualism of two languages. The aim of this example is to show that the ownership of two languages is not so simple as having two wheels or two eyes.

BILINGUALISM

It is the habitual use of two languages in

the same region or by the same person.

It is the habitual use of two languages in

the same region or by the same person.

Bilingual speaker is he who has a native

control of two or more languages.

Bilingual speaker is he who has a native

control of two or more languages.

BILINGUALISM

According to Yohansem: A bilingual person can be

defined as someone who is able to speak two

languages perfectly.

According to Yohansem: A bilingual person can be

defined as someone who is able to speak two

languages perfectly.

"Bilingual is a person who is able to encode and decode at any level,

linguistic signals from two different languages“

Blanco, A. 1981, p. 51.

"Bilingual is a person who is able to encode and decode at any level,

linguistic signals from two different languages“

Blanco, A. 1981, p. 51.

BILINGUALISM & MULTILINGUALISM

Can be examinated as possession of the individual.

Can be examinated as possession of the individual.

Are normally found in groups.

Are normally found in groups.

Located in a particular region: (E.g. Catalans

in Spain).

Located in a particular region: (E.g. Catalans

in Spain).

Or may be scattered across communities (e.g. Chinese in the

US).

Or may be scattered across communities (e.g. Chinese in the

US).

BILINGUAL ABILITY The Four Language Abilities

Listening Listening

SpeakingSpeakingReading Reading

Writing Writing

BILINGUAL ABILITY Dimensions

Receptive Skills

Receptive Skills

Productive Skills Productive Skills

Oracy Oracy Literacy Literacy

Listening Listening Reading Reading

Speaking Speaking Writing Writing

BILINGUAL ABILITY subdimensions

Oracy Oracy Literacy Literacy

Listening - Speaking Listening - Speaking Reading – Writing Reading – Writing

Pronunciation Pronunciation Vocabulary Vocabulary Grammar Grammar Meaning Meaning

Style Style

BILINGUAL ABILITY A Fifth Language Competence

Language Language

Used for Used for

Thinking Thinking

Someone who is approximately equally fluent in two languages across varios contexts may be termed an equilingual or ambilingual or, more commonly, a Balanced Bilingual.

SEMILINGUALISMSemilingualism is a phenomenon, which relates to underdevelopment of language in individual.

It has been first described in 1920's by Bloomfield,And later defined in 1960's by Hansegard.

Hansegard described semilingualism in terms of deficits in six language competences:

Size of vocabularyIn grammatical correctnessUnconscious processing of language (automatism)Language creation Mastery of the functions of languageMeanings and imagery.

CONVERSATIONAL FLUENCYIt’s when you are capable of having a conversation about normal everyday things with a native speaker at a normal conversational rate of speed-things in the news, sports, buying clothes, making jokes, etc.,

ACADEMIC LANGUAGE COMPETENCEIt is a factor strongly associated with school achievement. This type of language and literacy competence is acquired primarily through exposure to written language, or to oral forms of discourse .

Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills (BICS)

It used in everyday communicative encounters and is described as being more context embedded.

Cognitive/academic Language Proficiency (CALP)

It involves the use of a more context-reduced language associated the more formal aspect of classroom and lecture-type language use which are typical of the learning context.

Cognitive Processes Language ProficiencyCONVERSATIONAL PROFICIENCY

SURFACE

COGNITIVE / ACADEMIC PROFICIENCY

KnowledgeComprehensionApplication

AnalysisSynthesisEvaluation

PronunciationVocabularyGrammar

Semantic MeaningFunctional meaning

INDIVIDUAL’S USE OF BILINGUALISM0It involves the ability of an individual to acquare and use a second language.

An individual’s use the bilingual ability is called Functional Bilingualism, which requires the study of five actions:

Who is the subject?/ who is the speaker?Who is the language target?/ who is the listener?What is the situation? (in the factory, classroom, etc.,)What is the topic a conversation? (sport, work, food)For what purpose?...To what effect?

INDIVIDUAL’S USE OF BILINGUALISMEXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE TARGETS EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE CONTEXTS

(DOMAINS)

1.- Nuclear Family 1.- Shopping

2.- Extended Family 2.- Visual and Auditory Media (e.g TV, Radio, Recodrs, Cassettes, Cds, Video)

3.- Work Colleagues 3.- Printed Media (Newspapers, Books).

4.- Friends 4.- Cinema/Discos/Theatre/ Concerts

5.- Neighbors 5.- Work

6.-Religious Leaders 6.- Correpondence/ Telephone/ Official Communication.

7.- Teachers 7.- Clubs, Societies, Organizations, Sporting activity.

8.- Presidents, Principals, Other Leaders 8.- Leisure & hobbies

9.- Bureaucrats 9.- Religious Meetings

10.- Local Community 10.- Information technology (e.g Computers)

SOME POTENCIAL ADVANTAGES OF BILINGUALISM

1.- Advantages during communication:a wider communication fieldliteracy in two languages

2. Cultural advantages:deeper multiculturalism bilingual experiencesgreater tolerance towards minoritiesLess inclination towards racism

3.- Development of cognitive abilities:the development of thoughtcreativitysensitivity in communication

SOME POTENCIAL ADVANTAGES OF BILINGUALISM

4.- Personality development:reinforcement of self-esteemself-confidencesecure identity

5.- Advantages in the sphere of education:increased possibilities of receiving a higher educationeasier to learn a third language

6.- Economic advantages:a wider ranger of possibilities on the jobs market