Limiting and Excess Lab

Limiting and Excess Lab

How much do I have left over?

How much can be produced?

Citric Acid Sodium Carbonate Reaction

citric Acid + sodium carbonate yields sodium citrate + water + carbon dioxide

__C6H8O7(aq)+__Na2CO3__Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)




























2Na 3Na



__C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3__Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)

6Na 3Na



__C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3__Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)

6Na 3Na



__C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)

6Na 6Na




6Na 6Na




6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C



2 C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)

6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C



2 C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + __CO2(g)

6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C



2 C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+_H2O(l) + 3 CO2(g)

6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C




6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C

16 H 10H 2H




6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C

16 H 10H 2H



2 C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+ 3 H2O(l) + 3 CO2(g)

6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C

16 H 10H 2H

10H 6H

14O 9O 14O 3O 6O




6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C

16 H 10H 2H

10H 6H

14O 9O 14O 3O 6O




6Na 6Na 6 C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 1C

12C 3 C 12C 3C

16 H 10H 2H

10H 6H

14O 9O 14O 3O 6O

Balanced






2 C6H8O7(aq)+ 3 Na2CO3 2 Na3C6H5O7(aq)+ 3 H2O(l) + 3 CO2(g)Method:




Method:Find mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water




Method:Find mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water = 63.34gFind mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water + citric acid =69.16 g




Method:Find mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water = 63.34gFind mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water + citric acid =69.16 g




Method:Find mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water = 63.34gFind mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water + citric acid =69.16g





Find mass of plastic cup + sodium carbonate =18.25g






Add sodium carbonate to the styrofoam cup + 60ml water + citric Acid CO2






Add sodium carbonate to the styrofoam cup + 60ml water + citric Acid

Find mass of plastic cup and any sodium carbonate left in cup =15.86g

CO2






Add sodium carbonate to the styrofoam cup + 60ml water + citric Acid

Find mass of plastic cup and any sodium carbonate left in cup =15.86g

Find mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing =70.49g

CO2




Results: The following table can be used to determine the which reaction is in excess and how much is in excess.mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water = 63.34gmass of styrofoam cup + 60ml of water + citric acid = 69.16g

mass of plastic cup + sodium carbonate = 18.25gmass of plastic cup and any sodium carbonate left in cup = 15.86g

mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g






mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g Determine mass of citric acid used:






mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g Determine mass of citric acid used: 69.16g – 63.34g = 5.82g C6H8O7






mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g Determine mass of citric acid used: 69.16g – 63.34g = 5.82g C6H8O7 Determine mass of sodium carbonate used:






mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g Determine mass of citric acid used: 69.16g – 63.34g = 5.82g C6H8O7 Determine mass of sodium carbonate used:18.25g -15.86g = 2.39g Na2CO3




Determine mass of citric acid used: 69.16g – 63.34g = 5.82g C6H8O7 Determine mass of sodium carbonate used:18.25g -15.86g = 2.39g Na2CO3

Determine the mass of sodium carbonate needed to react with 5.82g C6H8O7






5.82g C6H8O7 ( 1mole C6H8O7 ) ( 3 Na2CO3 ) (106g Na2CO3) 4.82g Na2CO3

( 192.0g C6H8O7 )( 2 C6H8O7 ) (1mole Na2CO3)Have







( 192.0g C6H8O7 ) ( 2 C6H8O7 ) (1mole Na2CO3)Have



































( 192.0g C6H8O7 ) ( 2 C6H8O7 ) (1mole Na2CO3) NeededHave







( 192.0g C6H8O7 ) ( 2 C6H8O7 ) (1mole Na2CO3) NeededDetermine the mass of citric acid needed to react with 2.39g Na2CO3

2.39g Na2CO3 (1moleNa2CO3) (2 C6H8O7)(192g C6H8O7 ) =2.84g C6H8O7

Have (106g Na2CO3 )(3Na2CO3 )(1mole C6H8O7)

Have









Have (106g Na2CO3 )(3Na2CO3 )(1mole C6H8O7)

Have









Have (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 )(1mole C6H8O7)

Have








2.39g Na2CO3 (1moleNa2CO3) (2 C6H8O7) (192g C6H8O7 ) =2.84g C6H8O7

Have (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 ) (1mole C6H8O7)

Have










Have










Have










Have









Have (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 ) (1mole C6H8O7) Needed

Have








How many grams are in excess and why?

Have





Have ( 192.0g C6H8O7 ) ( 2 C6H8O7 ) (1mole Na2CO3) NeededDetermine the mass of citric acid needed to react with 2.39g Na2CO3



How many grams are in excess and why?Since you have 5.82g C6H8O7 and only need 2.84g C6H8O7 then5.82 g – 2.84g = 2.93 g C6H8O7 are in excess








How many grams are in excess and why?Since you have 5.82g C6H8O7 and only need 2.84g C6H8O7 then5.82 g – 2.84g = 2.93 g C6H8O7 are in excess or is left over







Have (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 ) (1mole C6H8O7) NeededWhat is the limiting reactant and why?Since 2.39 g Na2CO3 react and 4.82g Na2CO3 are needed it would havebeen used up in the reaction and would be considered to be the limiting reactant.







Have (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 ) (1mole C6H8O7) NeededWhat is the limiting reactant and why?Since you have 2.39 g Na2CO3 and 4.82g Na2CO3 was needed it would have been used up in the reaction and would be considered to be the limiting reactant.




How many grams of CO2 should be produced?




How many grams of CO2 should be produced?2.39g Na2CO3 (1moleNa2CO3) (3 CO2 ) (44.0 g CO2 ) =1.00g CO2

Limiting (106g Na2CO3 ) (3Na2CO3 ) (1mole CO2) ProducedReactant




































mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g How many grams of carbon dioxide where produced?[(mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml water + citric acid ) + (mass of plastic cup + sodium carbonate – mass of plastic cup )] -






mass of styrofoam cup + 60 ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing = 70.49g How many grams of carbon dioxide where produced?[mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml water + citric acid ) + (mass of plastic cup + sodium carbonate – mass of plastic cup )] – [mass of styrofoam cup + 60ml water + reaction mixture after fizzing]=gCO2

[69.16g + (18.25g-15.86g)]-[70.49g]=1.06 g CO2(g) was produced





















[69.16g + (18.25g-15.86g)] - [70.49g]=1.06 g CO2(g) was produced







[69.16g + (18.25g-15.86g)] - [70.49g]=1.06 g CO2(g) was produced







[69.16g + (18.25g-15.86g)] - [70.49g] = 1.06 g CO2(g) was produced







[69.16g + (18.25g-15.86g)] - [70.49g] = 1.06 g CO2(g) was produced




What is the percent yield of carbon dioxide given that 1.06g of CO2 were produced and 1.00g of CO2 should have been produced?




What is the percent yield of carbon dioxide given that 1.06g of CO2 were produced and 1.00g of CO2 should have been produced?

Percent yield = experimental yield x 100 = 1.06g x 100 = 106 % theoretical yield 1.00g

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Limiting and Excess Lab