LIFE PROCESS

Life (cf. biota) is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that

have signaling and self-sustaining processes .

( i. e., living organisms) from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased (death), or

else because they lack such functions and are classified

as inanimate. Biology is the science concerned with the study of life.

The maintenance processes in living organisms are as follows:

• Nutrition • Transportation

• Respiration• Excretion

NutritionIt is the provision, to cells and organism, of the materials necessary to support life. 

TransportationThe process in which food, oxygen, blood, and other important nutrition transport through in whole body.

RespirationThe respiratory system is the anatomical system of an organism that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange.

ExcretionIt is the process by which waste products of metabolism and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism.

respirationThe respiratory system is the anatomical system of an organism that introduces respiratory gases to the interior and performs gas exchange. In humans and other mammals, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood. This exchange process occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.

RESPIRATORY TRACKIn humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to

do with the process of respiration.The respiratory tract is divided into 3 segments:

Upper respiratory tract: nose and nasal passages, par nasal sinuses, and throat or pharynx

Respiratory airways: voice box or larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

Lungs: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

The respiratory tract is a common site for infections. Upper respiratory tract infections are probably the most common infections in the world.Most of the respiratory tract exists merely as a piping system for air to

travel in the lungs, and alveoli are the only part of the lung that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.

Moving down the respiratory tract starting at the trachea, the tubes get smaller and divide more and more. There are estimated to be

about 20 to 23 divisions, ending up at an alveolus.Even though the cross-sectional area of each bronchus or bronchiole is

smaller, because there are so many, the total surface area is larger. This means there is less resistance at the terminal bronchioles. (Most

resistance is around the 3-4 division from the trachea due to turbulence.)

Process Of Respiration

IMPORTANCE OF ALVEOLIAn alveolus is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. Found in the lung 

parenchyma, the pulmonary alveoli are the dead ends of the respiratory tree, which outcrop from either alveolar sacs or alveolar ducts, which are both sites of gas exchange with the blood as 

well. Alveoli are particular to mammalian lungs. Different structures are involved in gas exchange in other vertebrates. The alveolar membrane is the gas-exchange surface. The blood brings carbon dioxide from the rest of the body for release into the alveoli, and the oxygen in the alveoli is taken up by the blood in the alveolar blood vessels, to be transported to all the cells in 

the body.

Process Of Alveoli

Effects On Lungs

Alcohol: Drinking alcohol is the second biggest risk factor for cancers of the mouth and throat (smoking being the first). 

People who develop cirrhosis of the liver (often caused by too much alcohol) can develop liver cancer.

Drugs: Can cause the following medical conditions: respiratory problems, lung damage, and cancer.

Smoking: Tar coats your lungs like soot in a chimney and causes cancer. A 20-a-day smoker breathes in up to a full cup 

(210 g) of tar in a year.

Pollution: Radon can also contribute to other respiratory conditions, such as emphysema, bronchitis and pneumonia. The 

damage is primarily done when radon is inhaled; topical exposure or consumption cause no ill effects.

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