LHC HARDWARE COMMISSIONING

SUMMARYRoberto Saban

on behalf of the Hardware Commissioning Team

StatusIssuesResultsOutlook

LHCC

PR

2LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

46 unique visitors/hour

status: superconducting components

3LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

status: the superconducting components

4LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

Sector T[K] State Comments

12 5 K CD Cooling down

23 2 K PT Powering tests start today

34 6 K CDFilling and cooling down. Electrical quality assurance started.

45 52 K CDCommissioned for the first time beginning of this year. Being cooled down after consolidation work and the connection of the inner triplet left of Point 5

56 3 K PTDipoles commissioned to 6.58 TeV. Almost all other circuits are compatible with 7 TeV operation. The sector was handed over to operation.

67 3 K ELQAElQA almost completed. IST start today in matching section.

78 2 K PT

Commissioned for the first time last year. Second commissioning completed after consolidation work and the connection of the inner triplet left of Point 8.

81 2 K PT Powering tests ongoing

Cooldown Electrical QA

Individual System Tests

Powering Tests

cool down

5LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

Cooldown Electrical QA

Individual System Tests

Powering Tests

Cool-down of LHC sectors

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

12-Nov-2007

10-Dec-2007

07-Jan-2008

04-Feb-2008

03-Mar-2008

31-Mar-2008

28-Apr-2008

26-May-2008

23-Jun-2008

Tem

pe

ratu

re [

K]

ARC56_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC78_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC81_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC23_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST

ARC67_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC34_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC12_MAGS_TTAVG.POSST ARC45_MAGS_TTAVG.POSSTCooling sectors + Cryo tuning + Powering activities

4 sectors below 2 Kalmost

5

Courtesy Serge Claudet

Helium inventory 115 tMachine 85 tGHe tanks 22 t out of 50 tLHe vessels 8 t out of 25 t

the superconducting circuits of an LHC sector

6

4.5 K 4.5 K1.9 K1.9 K

157 circuits 6 circuits14 circuits13 circuits

Totalling 190 circuits

Roberto SabanLHCC July 2, 2008

the superconducting circuits of the LHC

7LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

Circuit TypeSector

LHC1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-1

13 kA 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 24

Indipendently Powered Dipoles 3 2 2 3 1 0 2 3 16

Indipendently Powered Quadrupoles 14 7 6 13 12 5 7 14 78

600A with Energy Extraction 23 27 28 24 23 27 27 23 202

600A Energy Extraction in Converter 14 20 20 14 14 20 20 14 136

600A no Energy Extraction 16 9 2 9 9 2 9 16 72

80-120A Correctors 50 37 22 33 33 22 37 50 284

TOTAL 123 105 83 99 95 79 105 123 812

Circuit TypeSector

LHC1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-1

60A Closed Orbit Correctors 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 752

12

status : inner triplet powering

Courtesy Frédérick Bordry 8LHCC July 2, 2008 Roberto Saban

Controlled ramp

Ramp and provoked quench

11.4 kA in Q2

6.8 kA in Q1 & Q3

6.8kA

4.6kA

The main circuit of the inner triplets L5 and L8 was commissioned

The dipole correctors are being commissioned after the cooling of the leads was fixed

Q3

status: the superconducting RF cavities and transverse dampers

9LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban Courtesy Edmond Ciapala

Dampers and cavities Power systems fully set up, with all

required facilities in place. Only the heat run of the damper power systems remains to be done.

Sector 4-5 The cavities have been conditioned

to nominal voltage and power. Cavity controller loops set-up on 3 cavities. 5 cavities still to complete, as soon as sector is cold again.

Sector 3-4Tests at cold starting now. Low Power

measurements done, conditioning is going well and cavity controller RF set-up will start as soon as possible.

The verification of the function generators and the associated software remains to be completed (“vertical slice”)

status: the superconducting RF cavities and transverse dampers

10LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto SabanCourtesy Edmond

Ciapala

Preparation for BeamRF synchronization in place – clocks and timing now going from SR4 to all users. Recent successful dry run tests with all users and OP group, including basic software.

Cavity Beam Control systems in advanced state but some items on critical path.

Transverse Damper electronics being tested.

Software for beam control also critical, but basic functionality will be available for this run.

Procedures for beam commissioning well defined.

Longitudinal diagnostics in good shape to study and commission first beams….

Fibre-optics signal distribution from RF in SR4 to Experiments, BT & BI equipment and to CCC.

40 MHz bunch clocks, revolution frequencies,40 MHz 7TeV reference. Injection & dump kicker pulses

• Reducing our ambition from 7 to 5 TeV

• Commissioning each circuit to the current value foreseen for the initial LHC optics and not up to their nominal current

• Optimizing the commissioning procedures

• Massively relying on automatic tools assisting– the operators carrying

out the tests– the experts analysing

test results

the superconducting circuits of an LHC sector

11LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

How have we cut down the commissioning time without jeopardizing equipment integrity and personnel safety ?

Dipoles in Sector 56

Dipoles in Sector 45

17 cycles after PIC2

10 cycles after PIC2

automation of procedures

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Approved and reproducible test sequencesAssistance to operatorsAutomatic recording of test results

computer assisted analysis

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status : the warm magnets

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Although less complex than the cold circuits, substantial infrastructure is required:

– Surface installation with long DC cables

– High power with water cooled magnets

– Access interlock testing (P3 and P7)

Courtesy David Nisbet

Area Number of

Circuits

Peak Load

Power [kW]

Status %

SR1 1 477 OK 100

SR2 LHC

3 144 TI 2 disturbance investigation

90

SR2 TI2

37 19’700 Operational 100

SR3 3 958 Thermal tests 90

UJ33 12 184 Thermal tests 95

SR5 1 488 OK 100

SR6 2 979 OK 100

SR7 3 784 Thermal tests 95

UJ76 12 137 OK 100

SR8 LHC

4 158 TI 2 disturbance investigation

90

SR8 TI8

40 5’400 Operational 100

During the powering tests and in particular above 1 kA no one must be in the tunnel.

access control

15

Rule 1

No tampering with equipment already commissioned.

Rule 2

Access becomes restricted immediately after each sector reaches 80 K

Access control is activated as soon as the cool down of a sector starts

LHCC July 2, 2008

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electrical safety

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....

....

DC

AC

DFB Main Dipole Magnets DFB

EE

QHPSQuench

Detection electronics

230 V AC UPS

230 V AC UPS

Currentlead heaters

AC

18kV

PowerConverter

AC AC

EE 230 V AC

24 V AC Voltage Tap

24 V DC900 V DC

AC

DC

190 V DC

AC

DC

D1 QX 600A 120A Q4 D2 120A Q5 120A Q6 120A Spool LineN Main 6kA 120A 60A 6kA LineN 120A 6kA QX 600A 120A1 3 7 5 1 1 6 1 2 1 2 6 19 3 4 16 94 4 14 10 4 3 7 5

XR8

DFBAADFBXH DFBMB DFBMI DFBMJ DFBXA

MR8.Q4 MR8.Q5 A81.Q6 A81 XL1

DFBLA

LL1

DFBAP ARC

• All the circuits of a DFB are locked and grounded when any work is foreseen on that DFB

• Access to the tunnel is not authorized when current above 1 kA is present in any of the circuits of a sector

the organization

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Engineer in Charge

OperatorOperator

Powering Team

Quench Protection Team

InterlockTeam

Analysis Team Magnet Performance Panel

Quench Protection Team

Commissioning Coordinator

Support Teams in the Field

Deployed for 4 fronts in parallel

the strategy

18Roberto SabanLHCC July 2, 2008

The mandate of the Hardware Commissioning Team to nominal current for operation at 7 TeV

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 209000

9500

10000

10500

11000

11500

12000

5.34

6.54

S45 S56

Quench number

Quench

curr

ent

[A]

Corr

esp

ondin

g e

nerg

y [T

eV

]

After the confirmation in two sectors that a current level (8500 A) corresponding to 5 TeV could be reached without any training quench in the dipole circuit, this was adopted as the baseline for the other sectors. It was however decided to continue with the training quenches in Sector 56 to confirm the number of quenches needed to train a full sector to 7 TeV. The campaign is now interrupted and will continue during the winter shutdown.

Courtesy Arjan Verweij

a training quench and it’s propagation

• Natural quench in A22R4 at 9859 A• 4 magnets quenched (3 propagation quenches)

Magnet

Cryogenic cell

Local time Δt quench

[s]

I quench

[kA]

E [MJ]

A22R4 21R416:50:34.94

7 9.859 4.957

B22R4 21R416:51:24.67

9 49.732 6.011 1.843

C22R4 21R416:52:07.53

2 92.589 3.829 0.748

C21R4 19R416:52:41.79

8 126.855 2.644 0.357 Total 7.905

19LHCC July 2, 2008 Roberto Saban Courtesy Andrzej Siemko

1 2 34

training quench characteristics

20Courtesy Andrzej Siemko

I(t)

dI(t)/dt

+10A/s

-100 A/s

LHCC July 2, 2008 Roberto Saban

hydraulic aspects

17 bar

2 min.

3 h

Pressure build-up

… and recovery

21Courtesy Andrzej Siemko

LHCC July 2, 2008 Roberto Saban

In Sector 56 five symmetric quenches were observed after quench propagation caused by a thermo-hydraulic wave.One quench (in B16.R5 at ~7.4 kA) has developed the high “MIITs” and resulting high hot spot temperature. However, subsequent tests have shown that no damage was caused to the magnet.

symmetrical quenches

22LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban Courtesy Andrzej Siemko

U(t) = U2(t)-U1(t)

U(t) = R2(t)·I(t)+ L2·dI(t)/dt – R1(t)·I(t)+ L1·dI(t)/dt

U(t) = [R2(t)-R1(t)]·I(t) + [L2-L1 ]·dI(t)/dt

In a symmetrical quench R1(t) = R2(t) as long as the quench develops symmetrically

U

U(t) = [R2(t)-R1(t)]·I(t) + [L2-L1 ]·dI(t)/dt

dI/dt triggered “quenches”

23LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban Courtesy Mateusz Bednarek

U(t) = [R2(t)-R1(t)]·I(t) + [L2-L1 ]·dI(t)/dt

L2 ≠ L1 L2 = L1

If for some reason L2 ≠ L1 then, the second term becomes high enough to trigger the quench detection system at the beginning of the ramp down when the dI/dt is highest. An inter-turn short was suspected.

dI/dt triggered “quenches”

24LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

UA1_1 UA1_2 UA2_1 UA2_2

UA1 = UA1_2- UA1_1

UA2 = UA2_2- UA2_1

UA2UA1

Indeed L2 ≠ L1 but, the inductance of each pole of each aperture is identical to the other. Hence, no inter-turn short. Therefore the difference comes from the cable and manufacturing.

Courtesy Mateusz Bednarek

software for operation, controls and diagnostics

25

Dry runsInjection kickers systemLHC Beam dumping system (kickers, energy tracking, diagnostics)Beam instrumentation (loss monitors, position monitors, current transformers, screens)Power converters in simulation modeCollimatorsTiming systemCommunication with experiments (handshakes, modes, fill number, beam based measurements, etc.)Post mortem data acquisition systemSqueeze

Using the final software foreseen for operation for the commissioning of the machine systems

SequencerLogging systemPost mortem systemOn-line databasesIndustrial supervision systems

1

2

LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

• Infrastructure system instabilities and late upgrades– Electrical distribution faults– Installation of Static Var

Compensators– Water cooling (directly and

indirectly)

• Cryogenics– Impact of the infrastructure

instabilities on the cryogenic system– Line Y interruptions– Manning of the cryogenics control

room

• Other– Control system teething problems– Access control system

commissioning– Safety measures

what slows us down

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Roberto Saban

outlook

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Roberto Saban

Cold

com

pre

ssor

AC

Dis

trib

uti

on

400

kV

400

V

Wate

r C

oolin

g v

alv

es

between 3 and 4 weeks per sector

(two shifts five days a week)

84% done

Sector 78

outlook

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Roberto Saban

between 3 and 4 weeks per sector

(two shifts five days a week)

53% done

Wate

r C

oolin

g

Sector 81

outlook

29LHCC July 2, 2008

Roberto Saban

Confident that the machine is cold mid july

Beam could be injected early August to be coordinated with the experiments

• All the non-conformities discovered so far could either be fixed, or accepted-as-is, or cured with compensatory measures.

• The quality of the test procedures and the depth of the analysis which follow every test step have so far allowed a safe and thorough progress of the commissioning process.

• Several quality control layers in the analysis procedures and very cautious progress when unexpected events are discovered have so far paid off: a better understanding of the systems is gradually achieved and no equipment was damaged. This attitude must be continued throughout the final phases of the commissioning when pressure will build up to deliver the collider for physics.

conclusions

30LHCC July 2, 2008

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31LHCC July 2, 2008

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