Lesson 1 HW SW

8/3/2019 Lesson 1 HW SW

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STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

1. Define information technology (IT) and its

two basic categories: Hardware andsoftware

2. Describe the categories of computersbased on size

3. Compare the roles of personal productivity,vertical market, and horizontal marketsoftware


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STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

4. Describe the roles of operating system and

utility software as components of systemsoftware

5. Define the purpose of each of the six major

categories of hardware


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Many Tools of IT


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A QUICK TOUR OF TECHNOLOGY

Hardware the physical devices that make

up a computer (often referred to as thecomputer system)


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Six Categories of Hardware

1. Input device tool that you use to enter

information and commands2. Output device tool you use to hear, see,

or otherwise recognize the results of yourinformation-processing requests

3. Storage device tool you use to storeinformation for use at a later date


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4. Central processing unit (CPU) the

hardware that interprets and executessoftware and coordinates all hardware.Random access memory (RAM)temporary holding area for information, aswell as system and application softwareinstructions


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5. Telecommunications device tool you

use to send information to and receive itfrom another person or computer in anetwork

6. Connecting hardware any hardware that

lets you connect peripherals to yourcomputer, such as cables, ports, expansionboards, etc.


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Software

The set of instruction that your hardwareexecutes to carry out a specific task for you


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First Major Category of Software

1. Application

softwareenables you tosolve specific

problems orperformspecific tasks


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Examples of Application Software

Personal productivity software helps you

perform personal tasks Writing memos

Creating graphs

Creating slide presentations

Software suite several applicationsbundled together (usually productivitysoftware)


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Examples of Application Software

Web authoring helps you design and

develop Web sites Graphics helps you create and edit photos

and art

Communications helps you communicatewith others


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Classifications of Application Software

Personal Productivity Softwareapplication software for general use

Ms Office, Explorer, Mozilla Firefox Vertical market software application

software for a specific industry Patient-scheduling software

Restaurant management software

Horizontal market software applicationsoftware suitable for use in many industries Payroll, inventory, and billing


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Second Major Category of Software

2. System software- handles tasks specific to

technology management and coordinatesthe interaction of all technology devices

Operating system software controlsapplication software and manages hardware

devices


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Examples of Operating System Software

Microsoft Windows XP Home update of

Office Microsoft Windows XP Pro update ofOffice Pro

Mac OSOperating system for Macs

Linux powerful open-source operatingsystem


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Multitasking

Multitasking

working withmore than oneapplication ata time


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Third Major Category of Software

3. Utility software provides additional

functionality to your operating systemsoftware


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Examples of Utility Software

Anti-virus software detects and removes

or quarantines computer viruses Crash-proof software helps save

information if your system crashes

Uninstaller software removes software

from your hard disk Disk optimization software organizes

information on your hard disk


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Types of Application & SystemSoftware


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Components of Top Software Suites


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Categories of Computers by Size:PDA, Tablet PC, Notebook, Desktop


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Minicomputers, Mainframes, andSupercomputers


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YOUR TASK!

No Personal Mini Main Super

1 CPU Speed

2Storage diskcapacity

3 Person

4 Prices5 Capabilities

6 Uses

7 Manufacturer


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Pre-Computer Calculations

Counting on fingers and toes

Stone or bead abacus

Calculate comes from calculus, the Latin word forstone

1642: first mechanical adding machine

Invented by Blaise Pascal

Wheels moved counters

Modified in 1674 by Von Leibnitz

Age of industrialization

Mechanical loomed used punch cards


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Early Computing

19th Century

Charles Babbage proposed the Analytical Engine,which could calculate, store values in memory,

perform logical comparisons Never built because of lack of electronics

1880s

Holleriths punched cards used to record censusdata using On/Off patterns

The holes turned sensors On or Off when runthrough tabulating machine

This company became the foundation for IBM


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Electronic Computers

1946 - First Generation Computer

ENIAC

Programmable

5000 calculations per second

Used vacuum tubes

Drawbacks were size and processing ability

1950s ENIAC replaced by UNIVAC 1, then the

IBM 704

Calculations jumped to 100,000 per second


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Waves of Computing

Late 1950s - Second Generation

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes

200,000 to 250,000 calculations per second

Mid-1960s - Third Generation

Integrated circuitry and miniaturization

1971 - Fourth Generation

Further miniaturization

Multiprogramming and virtual storage

1980s - Fifth Generation

Millions of calculations per second


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Microcomputers

1975

ALTAIR flicking switches

1977 Commodore and Radio Shack produce personalcomputers

1979

Apple computer, the fastest selling PC thus far

1982

IBM introduced the PC, which changed the

market


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Categories of Computer Systems


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Categories of Input Devices

GO TO WEBOPEDIA ANDFIND THE MEANING


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Categories of Output Devices



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Important Considerations for Monitors

Viewable image size (VIS) the size of the

image on a monitor Resolution of a screen the number of

pixels it has

Pixels (picture elements) the dots that

make up the image Dot pitch the distance between the centers

of two like-colored pixels


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Important Considerations for Printers

Resolution of a printer the number of dots

per square inch (dpi) it produces Types

Inkjet printer makes images by forcing inkthrough nozzles

Laser printer forms images using the sameelectrostatic process that photocopiers use

Multifunction printer scan, copy, and fax, aswell as print


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Categories of Storage Devices



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Common Types of Flash Memory


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CPU and RAM

CPU and RAM work together to form the

brain of your computer CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz)

GHz number of billions of CPU cycles persecond

CPU (machine) cycle retrieve, decode, andexecute instruction, then return result to RAM ifnecessary


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CPU Components

CPU components

Control unit directs what happens in the CPU

and the rest of your computer Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs

arithmetic, comparison, and logic operations

CPU cache CPU memory where instructions

wait until theyre needed

CPU clock beats to keep instructions andinformation moving in synchronized fashion


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Microcomputer Circuit Board, also known asa Motherboard


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System Bus

System bus electrical pathways that move

information between motherboardcomponents, especially between CPU andRAM


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CPU and RAM at Work


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CPU and RAM at Work


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Computer System Concept


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CPU and RAM at Work

C i H d O id h


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Connecting Hardware Outside to theHardware Inside

Port place on your system unit, monitor, or

keyboard through which information andinstructions flow to and from computer


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Semiconductor chips integrate memory, logic,and control circuits for entire CPU

Speed depends on number of bits processed atone time; amount of data that can be movedbetween devices; and cycle speed (MHz)

RISC (reduced instruction set computing)increases speed; used for scientific, workstation

computing

Microprocessors

P ll l i


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Multiple CPUs work simultaneously on same

problem

More than one instruction processed at atime

Massively parallel computers: use hundreds,thousands of processing chips

Parallel processing

S i l d ll l i


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Sequential and parallel processing


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Categories of Connectors and Ports


C P t d C t


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Common Ports and Connectors


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Wireless Connections

Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data

association) uses red light to send andreceive information

Bluetooth transmits information as radiowaves for a distance of 30 feet

WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE 802.11a, b,or g transmits information as radio wavesfor a distance of up to 300 feet

Interface Between End Users and


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Interface Between End Users andComputer


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SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What are the two categories of informationtechnology

2. What are the six categories of hardware?3. What is the difference between application

software and system software?

4. What is the difference between vertical andhorizontal market software?

5. What do the terms bit and byte mean?


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SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS

6. What is the difference between a CRT and a flat-panel display

7. How is the resolution of a printer comparable tothe resolution of a screen?

8. How does a CD differ from a floppy disk?

9. What are three types of flash memory cards?

10. Which wireless standard is used by networks?

Do some comparisons shopping for three types of


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p pp g ypcomputers: Desktops, notebooks, and tablet PCs.Choose three websites that sell computer systems.Choose the most expensive and least expensivecomputer systems you can find for each of thethree types of computers. Create a table for eachof the three types of computers and compare them

based on the following criteria: Type and speed of CPU Type and speed of RAM

Amount of CPU cache

System bus speed Hard disk capacity and speed (revolutions per minute or

rpm)

Number and type of ports


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Case Study 1

Do you agree that Apple will dominate the digital musicmarket for years to come?

Can the technology and business strategies Steve Jobsimplemented with the closed system of the iPod beapplied successfully to the iMac and other Apple closed-system computer products?

Will the cachet of the iPod and the capabilities of BootCamp and the Leopard version of Apples OS X lure

more Windows PC users to the Mac lineup of desktopsand portables?


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Case Study 2

Do some research on the more popular PDAsavailable today. What are the different

operating systems? What different functionality do they offer?

Are they compatible with each other?

Take a guess-which one will come out ontop?

Documents

Lesson 1 HW SW