LECTURE 

Topic: “Philosophy as a phenomenon of culture”Discipline: PhilosophySpecialty: 5B130100 - “General Medicine”Course: 2Duration: 1 hourLecturer: Temirbekova M.Y.

Karaganda 2014   

 

 

 

                 Karaganda 2014 y. 

Ф КГМУ 4/3-04/03

ИП №6 от 14 июня 2007 г. 

Karaganda state medical universityDepartment: History of Kazakhstan and social-political disciplines

Discussed and confirmedat the meeting of the DepartmentProtocol № 1 of «2» September 2014 y.Head of the Department: Temirgaliev K.A.

 

Structure of lecture: Topic: Philosophy as a phenomenon of culture. Purpose: Introduce with philosophy define subject, function, and

typology of philosophy, show a connection of philosophy with culture, explain term of myth and its role in becoming of philosophy, and define the basic philosophic question.

Brief contents:

1. Definition.

2. Philosophical questions.

3. Methods of Philosophy.

4. History of Philosophy.

5. Branches of Philosophy.

6. Functions of Philosophy. Visual material: presentation.

It is the science of the logical foundation of all knowledge

It is the first logical science

It is the highest generalization which scientific research suggest

It consist of great unifying truth, the science of sciences

Philosophy

What is ‘Philosophy’?

Philia = “love”, sophia = “wisdom” (Pythagoras)

Love of wisdom

Knowledge + Action = Wisdom

"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing" (Socrates)

Philosophical questions

Who created Universe?

What is the nature of reality? Is the world really as it appears to be

What makes an action right or wrong? Is the universe interested in good or evil?

The process of reflecting and criticizing basic belief

Methods of Philosophy

Induction (the transition from single observations to general propositions).

Deduction (the progression of knowledge form premises to their consequences).

Philosophic hesitation (the truth should be tested, given by Augustine, Deckard).

Dialectic negation (system of thesis to antithesis to synthesis, given by Hegel).

Intellectual intuition (the act or faculty of knowing or sensing without the use of rational processes; immediate cognition. ).

History of Philosophy

Contemporary- 1900 – Present time

Modern - 1600 ~ 1900

Medieval - 600 ~ 1600

Ancient - B.C. 600 ~ C.E.

Ancient Philosophy B.C. 600 ~ C.E.

Cosmocentric

Beginning of everything

Thales, Pythagoras, Democritus

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Medieval Philosophy – 600 ~ 1600

Theocentric: the study of the existence, nature, and essence of God;

Ethical: existence of evil and the immortality of the soul

St. Justin Martyr, Hippolytus, Tertullian

Modern Philosophy – 1600 ~ 1900

Anthropocentric: the study of man

(in relation to himself, others, nature, and God)

Rene Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel

Kant

Contemporary – 1900 ~ present time

Explosive: it has no center

Auguste Comte, Henri Bergson, Jean-Paul Sartre

Branches of Philosophy

There are traditionally 5 main branches

Logic

Metaphysics

Epistemology

Ethics

Aesthetics

What is Logic?

A philosophical study on the correct processes of thinking

It offers answers to questions such as: “Is that reasoning sound?” “Is that statement true?” “Is that conclusion valid ?”

What is Metaphysics?

A study of the most general aspects of reality, such as substance, identity, the nature of the mind, and free will

It deals with questions about the non-physical world, such as :- “Do angels exist? “What do we mean by real?”

What is Epistemology?

Epistemology (from Greek “episteme” – knowledge +“logos”) or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge

How knowledge is relates to truth, belief, and justification The means of production of knowledgeSkepticism about different knowledge claimsJames Frederick Ferrier (1808 -1864)

What is Ethics?

A philosophical study on the morality (goodness or badness) of human actions (conduct)

It deals with questions about right and wrong, e.g.“Is morality subjective?”“What makes actions “right” and “wrong”?”

What is Aesthetics?

It offers answers to questions like:“Is that good music?”“Is that painting better than this one ?”

This branch deals with beauty in Music and Art

Functions of Philosophy

1. Philosophy analyzes the foundations and presuppositions underlying other disciplines.

2. Philosophy attempts to develop a comprehensive conception or apprehension of the world.

3. Philosophy studies and critically evaluates our most deeply held beliefs and attitudes.

4. Philosophy investigates the principles and rules of language, and attempts to clarify the meaning of vague words and concepts.

References:

1. David K. Naugle. Philosophy: A Student's Guide. NY, 2012.

2. AQA Philosophy AS: Student's Book. Houston, Texas, 2008.

3. Doing Philosophy: A Practical Guide for Students, London, 2008.

4. Философия медицины. Учебник для медицинских вузов под редакцией Шевченко Ю.Л. М.:ГЭОТАР – МЕД, 2004.

5. Антология мировой философии. В4-хт.М.:Мысль, 1969-1972.

6. Барулин В.С.Социальная философия. М., 2000.

7. Бердяев Н. О рабстве и свободе человека. М., 1995. Control questions (feedback):

1) What does philosophy mean?

2) What is the motherland of philosophy?

3) What the fundamental question do you know?

4) What does myth mean?

5) What was the first myth, religion or culture?