Integrative Biology 335 Lecture Exam One Spring 2012 NAME (please print neatly): 1. Write the hierarchical system of classification for bay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana). Be sure to include proper names for (i) Division (Phylum), (ii) Class, (iii) Order, (iv) Family, and (v) Species. In this taxonomic hierarchy, the names of all higher ranks are based on the name of the included genus. To obtain the point for each category, the name must be spelled correctly. [5 points; no half points] (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) 2. This is brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), a tree from the tropics. In the table below, indicate five vegetative characters and five associated character states that can be seen on this image. [5 points; ½ each]

Character Character state

3. Complete the character by taxon matrix below and construct a cladogram of these plants using the method of maximum parsimony. Use only binary characters (0 or 1) and let character state 1 represent the derived condition for each. For full points, your tree must be fully resolved and all characters states supporting branches must be indicated.

Be sure to write in the characters and character states in the first row! To fully resolve relationships, five characters are required. [5 points; 1 pt for each character, properly interpreted and scored] Character & States Taxon

1. 0= 1=

2. 0= 1=

3. 0= 1=

4. 0= 1=

5. 0= 1=

A B C D E F

Construct a cladogram using the data matrix you completed above. Show all character states on the tree. [5 points]

4. Answer the following six questions: (a) The name of the genus for a group of plants we call “honeysuckle” is Lonicera. It belongs to the family Caprifoliaceae. Linnaeus gave the specific epithet of sempervirens to the native trumpet honeysuckle that occurs widely from Maine to Florida and west to Texas. What is the complete scientific name of this species? [1 point] (b) Trumpet honeysuckle plants have been cultivated to produce numerous, striking bright red-tubular trumpet flowers throughout the entire growing season. These cultivated plants have been given the cultivar name of ‘Major Wheeler.’ Write out the full scientific name of this cultivar. [1 point] (c) Most trumpet honeysuckle plants growing in the wild have glabrous leaves and corollas. In some wet areas of Alabama, however, plants occur with pubescent leaves and corollas. Alfred Rehder described these plants using the epithet hirsutula. What is the complete scientific name of this local or ecological race? [1 point] (d) The hardiest vine honeysuckle is a natural hybrid between L. sempervirens and L. hirsuta. This hybrid, occurring regularly in nature whenever these species come in contact, is known as Brown’s honeysuckle and is treated as a species under the specific epithet of × brownii. Write out the scientific name of this hybrid (there are two ways to do this, just write one). [1 point] (e) The name Lonicera sempervirens was published by Linnaeus in 1753. However, an earlier name was recently discoverd for this very same plant (Lonicera aurea DC.) in an obscure paper written by DeCandolle and published in 1735. Whose name has priority and why? [1 point] (f) Trumpet honeysuckle has actinomorphic, perfect flowers made up of 5 connate sepals, a sympetalous corolla bearing 5 lobes, 5 epipetalous stamens, and a syncarpous gynoecium made up of 2 carpels. Floral insertion is hypogynous. Write a complete floral formula for this flower. [2 points; -1 pt. for each error or omission]

5. Use simple and neat drawings to illustrate each of the following. To obtain full points, you must show all necessary critical features and label as necessary to avoid any ambiguity. [2 points each; -1 pt for each error, omission or ambiguity] (a) A L.S. of a flower of any member of the family Magnoliaceae

(b) A X.S. of a syncarpous gynoecium of any member of the family Papaveraceae showing placentation

(c) A L.S. through a syconium inflorescence of Ficus, showing all floral types

Panicle: ------------------------------------------------------------ Compound umbel: (d) Two inflorescences: a panicle and a compound umbel

6. Identify the family shown in the images below and indicate 4 diagnostic characters seen on these images and emphasized in lecture. Write the characters in the four spaces below and indicate where they can be seen (by drawing a line to that image). [5 points] Family: ________________________________________ (i) ______________________________________ (ii) _____________________________________ (iii) _____________________________________ (iv) ____________________________________

7. (a) What three stresses are responsible for the formation and maintenance of the tallgrass prairie? [3 points] (i) (ii) (iii) (b) What feature of prairie plants allows them to overcome these stresses and survive in the tallgrass prairie? [1 point] 8. Of the three different genomes present in plant cells, which one has been used most often in plant molecular systematic studies to date? [1 point] What features of this genome make it particularly suitable for phylogenetic analyses (only list two)? [2 points] Genome used most often: ___________________________________ Features: (i) (ii) 9. What is a carpel? In your answer, you should also distinguish among monocarpous,

apocarpous, and syncarpous gynoecia. [3 points]

EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION 1. Construct a proper dichotomous key for the following six fruits. You will lose points if your key is not dichotomous and for each error. [5 points] pineapple (multiple fruit) peach (drupe) strawberry (aggregate fruit) milkweed (follicle) banana (berry) poppy (capsule) EXTRA CREDIT QUESTION 2. In the cladogram below, identify (i) monophyletic genera; (ii) paraphyletic genera; and (iii) polyphyletic genera. For any one genus that is paraphyletic, indicate what changes to the traditional classification would be necessary in order to produce a classification that is truly phylogenetic. [5 points]

(i) Monophyletic genera: (ii) Paraphyletic genera: (iii) Polyphyletic genera: Changes to the classification to make a paraphyletic genus monophyletic: TOTAL SCORE (out of 50): ____________ (maximum score is 60 points with bonus)