Lecture 1 distorted-history-of-pakistan.ppt

7/30/2019 Lecture 1 distorted-history-of-pakistan.ppt

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• The creation of Pakistan on 14th Aug. 1947 was the

culmination of a struggle that began in 1857 to overthrow

British rule over the subcontinent.

• The British came to subcontinent in 17th century for the

purpose of trade and merchandising.

• Soon they displaced the Mughal Muslim rulers, who had been

in the power of 650 years.

• Prior to Muslim rulers, the Hindus and British rulers the

original tribes and Dravidians, were ruling the region.

• Many cultures and races have been involved in shaping the

destiny of this region.

• Hence, its important to understand the history of the

subcontinent in order to appreciate how and how Pakistan was

created.

Making of Pakistan



Root – War of Independence 1857

• Preaching of Christianity• Lard Macuauly’s education system

• Sex was considered in civil law rather then in criminal law

• The title of King after Bahadur Shah Zafar was abolished by

British.• Rules were dictated by British

• Unemployment



Ancient Times



Indus Valley Civilization

• The Stone age is followed by Indus valley civilization (3000 to3500 BC)

• Thousands years ago the part of India was called the IndusValley civilization

• The Indus River is the site of one of the earliest appearances of civilization.

• It contained two major civilization Mohenjo Daro and Harappawhich may date to 3500 BC.

• This was the period of sophisticated agriculture, trade and

commerce, art and architecture, cities and buildings, religionand rites.

• The Indus Valley civilization is also known as Harappanculture because Harappa, which was discovered by accident,

was the first city to be excavated by archeologists.



• Cotton is known to have been grown in India as early as 3,000BC, but was almost certainly grown much earlier.

• Ancient Indians are known to have worn brightly coloredclothes. The early Indus River culture is the least studied of the

five great river valley cultures



Urban Centers

• The civilization encompassed about 2,000 towns and villages,many of which were mathematically planned.

• These are the world's first planned cities. The largest city wasMohenjo-Daro. The people lived in baked mud brick housestwo and three stories high, and had sewage systems.

• Each home had its own private drinking well and its own private bathroom. Clay pipes led from the bathrooms to sewerslocated under the streets.

• Some scholars are convinced that Indus cities did not developslowly over time. This suggests whoever built these cities

seems to have developed the mathematics and technology insome other place.



Economy

• The basis of the economy as the other river valley civilizationswas agriculture.

• The Indus people used irrigation to water their fields. Themain crops were barley, wheat, and a variety of vegetables andfruits.

• Animals, including the long-horned, humped bull, weredomesticated. Cotton appears to have been the principal plantused for clothing. It was woven and dyed.

• Wheel-made clay was made and decorated with animal andgeometric motifs. Illustration of fish on the seals suggest that

fishing was an important part of the economy.• The long-horned bull was a central image in the Indus cultureand interestingly remains important in subsequent Indianiconography



Bronze Age culture

• The Indus people were a bronze Age culture. Copper and bronze were in use. They used bronze tools.

• Some scholars believe that they may have acquired bronzetechnology from the Sumerians.

• They did not, however, develop iron technology. The Indus people were also traders, trade was carried out through the sea.



The Aryans



The Aryans

• The Aryans invaded subcontinent around 1500 BC. (Originallyfrom central Asia and entered from Subcontinent from the

North-West.

• Traveled from Sapta Sindhu or the Seven Rivers’, in the area

from Kabul to Jumna Rivers.• Aryans continued their advance eastward, conquering a large

part of the Ganges Plain and later crossing the Vindiyas to

enter the Deccan Plateau.

• Aryans referred to conquering Dravidians and native tribe of Indus civilization

• They were farmers by nature

• They worshiped natural phenomena

• The religious rituals of Aryans were derived from Dravidiansand later it resulted in Hinduism



Hinduism • Polytheistic religion

• They believe in cast and categories• That all cast are determine from birth not through one’s

achievement in life.

• At that time subcontinent was divided into different sub-

political units. (Many kingdom)• The largest Hindu kingdom was establish during the regime of

King Ashoka (250 B.C)

• At the battle of Kalinga it was thought that Ashoka embraceBuddhism.

• Even at that time Hinduism wasn’t dominant religion.

• 6th century – Introduction of new religion “Buddhism”

• This religion was contrary to Hinduism believes of cast system

• Thought they established their own independent regions insubcontinent but couldn’t survive.



Evolution of Muslim society inSubcontinent



2. The plunder of Arab’s by inhabitants of Sindh

• In Sri Lanka, the Arab (traders) residents died. In condolence,

the King sent gifts to orphans, widows to Hijaaj Bin Yousuf

for Banomia Walid-Bin-Abdul Malik (Khalifa-e-Islam)

• Near Thatha the entire travelers were looted by naval robbers.

• Hijaaj Bin Yousuf questioned on this very act to Raja Dahir,

the reply given to Hijaaj Bin Yousuf was disappointed.

• The planning of taking over Sindh was started from this particular point

• Hijaaj Bin Yousuf finally decided to take over Sindh through

the help of Muhammad Bin Qasim



Muhammad Bin Qasim (695-715) - The

Successor • Muhamamd Bin Qasim defeated Raja Dahir in battles of Debal

and Raward

• As the large no of man died in battle so women burned

themselves according to the Hindu customs

• Though he kept taking over the possession of areas such as

Barhama Abad, Ayloor (near Rohrdi), then Multan

• The inhabitants of Multan fought for 2 months at last they lost

and the entire possession of Multan handed over to

Muhammad Bin Qasim

• Thouhg he could have conquered more if the new Governor of

Banomiya weren't sent him to imprisonment



• He ruled Sindh for about 3 years.

• It was said that he gave religious rights to all peoples.

• The civil security and religious rights were guaranteed, as he

said that your temples will be safe and secure as all othersreligious groups.

• It was said that his humble behavior was the reason locals

converted to Islam even though they were free to spent their

life according to their religion.



Sultan Mehmood Gaznawi – (997 – 1930)

• In his 33 years tenure he molest subcontinent 17 times with

immaculate success.

• Defeated the rulers of Kangdra, Mithar, Thanseer, Kanooj and

Somnaat

• In 1027 Punjab become the part of Mahmood Gaznavi’s state

and how Lahore became the centre of Islamic culture.



Pakistan’s fabricated history



• History written in Pakistan had been “dictated” by the ruling

establishment

• The nation could not hope to make any real progress, unless

distortion were removed.

• We project our leaders actions out of proportion, in terms of

abandoning their black and white

• Modern history is leading on the same path

• Historians like Dr Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi, S.M. Ikram andMoinul Haq wrote history, as dictated by dictators

• Some historians negated our ancient Indian and South Asian

roots and tried to establish our links with Central Asia or with

the Middle East



• Gen Ayub in fact replaced the subject of history in school

curriculum with social studies and the history departments of

the universities in the country accordingly produced textbooks

which contained articles by pro-Establishment writers

Documents

Lecture 1 distorted-history-of-pakistan.ppt