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Program Integrated Assignment
Group-01
DESIGN OF LECTURE HALL
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Group Members
09-54 -W.U.IRESHA 09-48 -A.M.K.ADEEPA
09-128-K.P.K.VIRANTHA
09-207-K.D.C.NIMALKA
09-157-E.W.P.C.S.EDIRIWEERA
09-118-S.M.M.K.FERNANDO 09-76 -H.M.H.K.HERATH
09-120-D.S.ARIYARATHNA
09-86 -T.N.EKANAYAKE
09-64 -U.M.G.G.S.D.S.UDAKUMBURA
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Objective Design Guidelines
Location
Entrances
Information Transfer & Display
Writing Boards
Projection Screens
Seating rake, Aisles and Visibility Physical access and movement
Architectural and Environmental Standards
Ambience
Finishes
Furniture
Fittings
Lighting & Electricity Supply
Project Outline and Content
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To facilitate learning spaces to the growing number o
Provide comfortable seating with large work surfaces
Encourage interactive learning
Add multimedia audio visual systems with good sight
Improve access for all persons
Increase flexibility to respond to future needs
Objective of The Project
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Design Guidelines
Location Lecture hall should be isolated from external an
sources of noise.
The location of learning room in relation to t
light should also be considered. Room with
facing north can be more easily designed t
adequate blackout capability and energy efficien
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Design Guidelines
Entrances Entrances should be located to avoid stud
passing through non-instructional areas.
The flow of students in and out of rooms should
to account when determining the size of the ent
exits.
Vision panels in entrance doors should be provi
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Information Transfer and Display
The success of the lecture hall as a teaching spbe measured by its ability to support and
teaching. It may be stated broadly that spaces,
comfortable and pleasant, will provide
environment for the acquisition of knowled
specifically, generous access, comfortable seasight lines, good lighting, articulate sound, a
scale, pleasant spatial forms, colors and textur
contribute to the success of a teaching space.
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Hall Size and Proportioning
Facts that should be considered when designing a room with go
and efficient seating layouts: Determine number of screens based on seating capacity, ro
teaching goals.
Determine the general location, size, and orientation of eachthe seating area.
Insure the instructor area meets the minimum dimensions in th
Draw viewing angles from each screen and insure all seathem.
Determine optimum width and depth of the seating area baspacing guidance.
Determine the location and size of access aisles.
Thendecide where the walls of the learning room should be lo
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Writing Boards
Writing boards are required in most lecture theatreit is important to note that use of these in larg
should be discouraged, as distant students are
read the written information. It is desirable to
ready access to the boards when other media a
Designers of new theatres should provideimaging and display areas, with easy access
boards at any time.
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Writing Boards
Fixed-height marker boards shall be mounted with edge 42-inches above the floor to allow students rows of seats to see more of the boards. They shal
Have a low-gloss white porcelain-enamel steel surfeasy to clean.
Be illuminated by lights on a separate switch that do
over onto screens, other marker boards, or the wallthem.
Have a continuous marker tray below the marker bosurface and a wall-mounted holder nearby that is laenough for six markers and an eraser.
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Projection Screens
Projection display techniques are increasingly beinUniversity teaching. Such techniques present magnifiethe audience on projection screens.
The following projection facilities are provided in lecture h
Computer Data Projection (ceiling mounted)
A4 Overhead Transparency Projection
Planning for projection display requires consideration odistant viewer situated at the most acute angle to the toughest task is the projection of computer informationormally designed to be read quite close to the screen.
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The following rules were obeyed during the design concep
screens:
1. Furthest Student.
No student should be positioned further than six screen height mulprojection screen.
2. Closest Student.No student should be positioned closer than two screen height mulprojection screen.
3. Horizontal Viewing Angle.Students should be positioned within an arc of 45 degrees off the cprojection.
4. Screen Position.The base of the screen should generally be at least 1.35 m clear ofthe front of the lecture theatre.
5. Vertical Viewing Angle.Students should be limited to 15 degrees maximum head tilt excurshorizontal, to reference the center of the projection screen.
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To provide good sight lines to projection screens, ceilings in
with tiered floor should be at least 11 feet high in front of the
insure that light from the projector will not be in the instructor
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Seating rake, Aisle and Visibility
The lecture hall floor should be raked to provide a clear
display areas and the presenter from every seat. The rake
provided by tiering of the theatre floor.
Each tier or step should be a minimum of 6. More aggre
can be provided, however it usually creates projection
viewing problems it should be contemplated only in very s
or where existing conditions must be retained.
It is generally accepted that center aisles should be avoidedviewing seats will be lost.
The location of aisles however will be determined not only
considerations but also by the requirements for good
between the rows and to and from the theatre.
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Physical Access and Movement
Well designed lecture halls permit comfortable access and egress.
Designers must comply with the requirements of the Building Code ias aisle widths, distance to aisles and exits, seating row spacing
persons access.
Designers should be mindful of other considerations which affec
access and movement such as foyer or lobby spaces, door locatio
row lengths.
A sufficient number of doors are to be provided for a maximum cleaminutes for quick and efficient changeover between lectures.
The front row of seats is to be at the same floor level as the adjace
for disabled persons access.
Wheelchair spaces must be located towards the center front row ra
the side.
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Architectural and Environmental Standa
Ambiance
Lecture Halls should be designed to be attractive and comfor
Experience suggests some correlation between high lectur
and well designed lecture halls. The form of the spaces sho
suit the function. There should be minimal fenestration to wa
the front of the theatre so as not to detract from the main fo
Lecturer and boards and screens. Care should be taken,
design spaces which are not merely functional. Design solutio
attractive architecturally and should, where possible, allow
inclusion of works of art. Colors should be chosen to suit the
the space. Light colors are generally preferable but care mus
avoid glare on whiteboards and projection screens.
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Floors
Carpets are required in all teaching spaces foand aesthetic reasons.
The direct stick method generally increases and is a more practical method of carpetingfloors.
On the nosings of stepped aisles and stairs, usA Tread" safety stair nosing, with bull nose insert strips in keeping with the carpet color.
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Walls
In general wall surfaces should be durable and easy to clean.
The lower portion of the wall should be constructed from or lined wit
materials, resistant to scuffing and scratching, e.g. masonry (with ant gr
or laminate finish.
Where plasterboard or plaster-glass is used, high quality workmanship
produce a level and straight surface in particular near the front of the
may regularly be highlighted by spotlights, board lights, and the like.
These materials, particularly plasterboard, should only be used where iis unlikely.
Acoustic panels may be required on side and back walls. The Consulta
to integrate panels into the general fenestration and design context of th
Maintenance and cleaning ability of acoustic panels is critical.
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Ceilings
A number of appropriate options are availab
selection of materials for ceilings; however, partshould be taken in the finish of plasterboard
glass ceilings particularly if up lighting is to be u
If adequate room is available the ceiling space
easily accessible for servicing of light fittmechanical equipment, in preference to using s
within the space.
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Furniture
Seating and Writing Surfaces
In lecture halls, fixed work surfaces can be arrangstudents to more easily communicate with each othinstructor.
This is encouraged as long as good sight lines to smarker boards are provided.
Insure all students can see all screens, the frontalso be arranged to encourage interactive discusthe room is not full.
Remaining seats are normally arranged in a gentlethe viewingangles of all of the projection screens
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Recommended Seat Spacing
Continuous work surfaces with movable chairs:
36 inches apart - rows with up to 20 seats
38 inches apart - rows with 21-24 seats
Access aisles:
Minimum 36 inch-wide aisle leading to front of room.
Minimum 28-inch-wide aisles in other locations.
Rationale:Following this seat spacing guidance will provide adequate
and:
Allow students who arrive late to find seats easily with minimum disr
Insures wheelchair users can reach their workstations and the front
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Instructor Workstations
Learning rooms will include instructor workstations designed to ac
Computer-based audio-visual systems and other commonly-usvisual components.
Instructors who are standing, seated, or using a wheelchair.
Key workstation design features and location considerations are a
Workstations shall be oriented to allow instructors to maintain e
with students while using keyboards and allow students to seemedia.
In rooms with one screen, an instructor workstation on the left instructor area, marker boards in the center, and a screen in thusually works well.
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In large rooms with multiple screens, a workstation located on the left side
area, near the marker board and overhead projectors, usually works w
central location may be preferable in some rooms. Tables used for pane
references are also needed. Work surfaces and audio-visual components shall not block views of scre
boards.
34 inches above floormaximum height of work surfaces.
41 inches above floormaximum height of monitors/task lights/other compo
Work stations shall accommodate instructors who stand, sit, or use a whee
Provide accessible route to workstations. Minimum knee clearance: 27 inches high, 18 inches wide (avoid keyboard t
PC keyboard/mouse/controls within easy reach of instructors.
Control panel for A/V system in easy reach of instructors.
Height ofinstructors seat easily adjusted - 19 to 27 inches above floor.
Instructors chair has integral footrest and can be easily moved.
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Fittings
Ceiling-Mounted Projectors
Lecture hall shall have ceiling-mounted projectors, regardless of room size.To keep technology, audio-visual consultants shall specify projectors that meet current criteri
Performance goals include:
Low noise level.
Uniformly bright, clear images with good resolution and excellent color rendition.
Compatibility with other audio-visual components.
Reliability; availability and cost of replacement parts.
Compact size to avoid blocking views of screens and marker boards.
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Overhead (Transparency) Projectors
Projectors shall:
Have a compact wide-angle lens that projects awith a six-foot diagonal from a distance of six fe
Have an installed spare bulb that the user can a
a lever or switch.
Be designed to fit inside the recess of the projec
with the glass surface at the same height as thesurfaces of the cart. Insure switch is easily reac
Have a warm neutral color (example: charcoal g
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Audio Systems
All learning rooms accommodating at least 15
shall contain an audio amplification system and
Clocks
If deemed necessary, clocks should be instal
lecture hall, primarily for reference by the lectur
should be mounted on the rear wall or on the
towards the rear.
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Lighting and Electrical PowerLighting and electrical power systems shall:
Be energy-efficient.
Be easy to maintain and modify.
Provide appropriate lighting levels for all room activities that are easy to
Provide natural lighting and window coverings as follows:
Natural light is available (not excessive) in all learning rooms except dis
Locate windows away from projected images; avoid skylights and cleres Window coverings that reduce light intensity and glare when full darken
required.
Opaque window coverings that reduce light levels to 2 foot-candles
Window coverings that are easy to open and close and do not jam.
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Avoid light that creates glare or reflections on computer s
Use indirect natural and artificial lighting in computer in
Use indirect or parabolic fluorescent lights in other lear
Avoid placing lights behind instructor workstations.
Increase energy efficiency and the ability to see projectedusing:
Lighting controls that automatically turn off lightsrooms
Energy-efficient dimmable lighting for seating areas
Light fixtures that dont block views of:
Screens, marker boards, or instructors
Light paths from projectors
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Lighting zones and levels appropriate for each aroom : Avoid lights in front of projection screens
Lower light levels in corridors and instructor areas, anramps and tiered floors
Task light for instructor work stations that avoid light s
screens/monitors Lights focused on marker boards that do not wash ou
images
Safety lights that remain on when other lights are off,illuminate screens
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ControlsProvide lighting and audio-visual system controls that are easy to use:
Pre-set light levels on the audio-visual control system menu.
Wall-mounted switch for seating area lights near each entrance door.
Wall switches in one area near the instructor workstation, mounted 48 above the flo
Dimmer switches that allow lights to be turned fully on, dimmed, or off.
On-off switches for marker board lights.
Up-off-down switches for projection screens and electrically-operated shades.
Switches shall not have to be held in the up or down position to make screens or s
can stop them at any point.
Brushed stainless steel faceplates with engraved black letters that identify functions
Arrange switches as illustrated in the diagram on the next page.
The wall-mounted switch set and audio-visual smart control system must be c
design so that they remain operable at all times. Leaving either one in any position
not prevent the other from functioning normally and fully.
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