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LDR/531 – WEEK 2
WDWLLW?• DISC Assessment• Leadership• Personality
Objectives• Theories of Leadership
• Compare and contrast leadership theories.• Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of established leadership
styles.
Leadership is:
Types of leadership• Leadership involves
• influencing others (who influences? What type of influence?)• to collaborate and agree (purpose of influence?)• on how to complete tasks or projects.
What leaders can influence?• Interpretation of external events and sharing of new
knowledge by members.• Choice of objectives and strategies to pursue.• Motivation of members and allocation of resources to
achieve the objectives.• Development of member skills and confidence.
Direct vs. Indirect Leadership
• Direct leadership• Immediate subordinates.• Lower-level employees, peers, bosses, or outsiders
• Indirect leadership• Cascading effect of leadership influence• Influence over formal programs, management systems, and structural
forms• Influence over organizational culture
1-7
Leadership Approach• Trait • Behavior • Power-influence • Situational • Integrative• Leadership theory comparison
Leader vs. Manager• Leader versus manager -
• A person can lead without being a manager; a manager can manage without being a leader.• Are subordinates necessary?• Are they mutually exclusive?• Are they distinct processes or roles?• Are both roles necessary?
Leader vs. Manager
Leader Manager
Managers value:• Stability, order, efficiency• Thoughtfulness, details, experience• Efficiency, rules, guidelines• Being right, persistence, democracy
Leaders value:• Flexibility, grand ideas, experience• Adaptation, communication, honesty• Innovation
Typical activity patterns in managerial work?
Decision processes are disorderly & political, planning is informal and adaptive
Interact with peers and outsiders, most via oral communications .
Pace is hectic and unrelenting
Content is varied and fragmented, reactive
All of the above.
Leadership Effectiveness• Measure leader effectiveness
• Follower attitudes and perceptions• Contribution to the quality of group processes• Successful career as a leader
Unit Profits
Barack Obama Leadership Effectiveness
• Read article about Obama1. What traits might Barack Obama possess that contribute to his
strong leadership ability?
2. Does Obama’s leadership support a trait perspective of leadership? Why or why not?
3. From a behavioral perspective of leadership, what does Obama do to strengthen his success as a leader?
4. Is Obama an effective leader? Why or why not?
5. When does Obama act as a leader vs. a manager?
Contingency theories and adaptive leadership
• Contingency theories and adaptive leadership • different situations• different subordinate characteristics • influence leadership effectiveness.
Contingency theories and adaptive leadership• One dependent variable – subordinate satisfaction or
performance• One predictor variable – task/• One or more situational variable – short-term conditions
Cognitive Resources Theory
Leadership Substitutes
Multiple Linkage Model
LPC Contingency
Path-Goal
Lead followers towards a goal
Manager behavior and situational variables influence follower
performance
Conditions under which intelligence and experiences are related to group
performance
Situational variables serve as substitutes
Describes how the situation moderates the effects on group performance.
Contingency Theories
Problems with Contingency Theories• Over-emphasis on behavior meta-categories• Ambiguous description of relationships• Inadequate explanation of causal effects• Lack of attention to behavior patterns• Lack of attention to joint effects of situational variables• Failure to distinguish between mediators and situational
moderators
Situational Leadership• Intra-individual • Dyadic • Group processes • Organizational processes • Multilevel • Leader-centered versus follower-centered• Descriptive • Prescriptive • Universal or contingency
Class Activity• Leadership Compass
Situational Factors• Age & Size• Technical System• Environment• Power
What are Mintzberg’s 10 managerial roles?
How many managerial position duties and responsibilities did Mintzberg find?
1. Supervising2. Planning & Organizing
3. Decision Making4. Monitoring Indicators
5. Controlling6. Representing7. Coordinating
8. Consulting9. Administering
A leader has both immediate & delayed effects on the same criterion.
Causal Relationship Between Key Variables
1-26
Charismatic and transformational leadership• Charismatic leadership definition• Charismatic leader traits and behaviors• Positives associated with charisma• Negatives associated with charisma
Transformational leadership• Transformational leadership involves inspiring,
developing, and empowering followers.
Guidelines for transformational leadership• “Articulate a clear and appealing vision. • Explain how the vision can be attained. • Act confident and optimistic. • Express confidence in followers. • Use dramatic, symbolic actions to emphasize key values. • Lead by example” (Yukl, 2013, p. 332).
Miscellaneous Leadership Concepts• Trust and ethics in effective leadership• Tests and interviews to identify people with leadership
qualities.• Leadership training• Mentoring
Barriers to effective communication include:
None of the above.
Filtering & Selective Perception
Language & Communication Apprehension
Information Overload & Emotions
All of the above.
Team Activity• Foreign Auto Shop• Read case• Each team selects a question from part 1 or part 2 to
answer• Select a spokesperson from your team to report back to
the group. The spokesperson needs to be someone different than who spoke last week.