Latin Maxim on StatCon

7/24/2019 Latin Maxim on StatCon

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/latin-maxim-on-statcon 1/21

ex Prospicit, Non

Respicit



BALATBAT VS C.A. G.R. NO. 36378

I

•Lan !isp"te case. T#e tenant re$"se to %acate t#e &an espite t#e e'ect(ent orere )* t#e

co"rt. Tenant contens RA 638+ s#o"& )e app&ie to #is case. Petitioner contens #e cannot

)e e'ecte t#ro"# RA 38-- on t#e ro"n t#at t#e oner o$ t#e &an i&& c"&ti%ate #is on &an

)eca"se RA 38-- #as )een repea&e )* RA 638+ #i&e t#eir case is on penin appea&.

•Petitioner/s contention is0 Since "ner t#e oriina& pro%ision o$ Section 3612 o$ R.A. No. 38--,

t#e ispossession o$ t#e aric"&t"ra& &essee on t#e ro"n o$ persona& c"&ti%ation )* t#e

aric"&t"ra& &essor4oner can on&* ta5e p&ace #en a"t#orie )* t#e Co"rt in a '"(ent t#at

is $ina& an exec"tor*, it $o&&os t#en t#at since t#e repea& o$ t#e pro%ision too5 e$$ect )e$ore

t#e '"(ent in t#is case )eca(e $ina& an exec"tor*, pri%ate responent (a* no &oner

ispossess petitioner on t#at ro"n )eca"se it #a )een re(o%e $ro( t#e stat"te )oo5s.

•T#e co"rt enie retroacti%it* o$ R.A. No. 638+ on a ro"n t#at Conress $ai&e to express an

intention to (a5e Rep")&ic Act No. 638+ retroacti%e an to co%er e'ect(ent cases on t#e

ro"n o$ persona& c"&ti%ation t#en penin a'"ication )* t#e co"rts.



L9 PROSPICIT, NON RSPICIT

LATIN :OR; <T= LA> LOO?S :OR>AR!, NOT

BAC?>AR!.@

A A9I ANING T=AT LA>S AR

GNRALL !! OR PRS! NOT TO

=AV RTROACTIV ::CT. A N> LA> =ASA PROSPCTIV, NOT RTROACTIV, ::CT.




IT IS A RL O: STATTOR CONSTRCTION

T=AT ALL STATTS AR TO B CONSTR! AS

=AVING ONL A PROSPCTIV OPRATIONNLSS T= PRPOS AN! INTNTION O: T=

LGISLATR TO GIV T= A RTROSPCTIV

::CT IS 9PRSSL !CLAR! OR IS

NCSSARIL IPLI! :RO T= LANGAG

S!.

IN VR CAS O: !OBT, T= !OBT ST B

SOLV! AGAINST T= RTROSPCTIV ::CT.




• Artic&e - o$ t#e Ne Ci%i& Coe pro%ies t#at; Las s#a&& not #a%e a

retroacti%e e$$ect "n&ess t#erein ot#erise pro%ie. Accorin to t#is

pro%ision o$ &a, in orer t#at a &a (a* #a%e retroacti%e e$$ect it is

necessar* t#at an express pro%ision to t#is e$$ect )e (ae in t#e &a,

ot#erise not#in s#o"& )e "nerstoo #ic# is not e()oie in t#e

&a. :"rt#er(ore, it ("st )e )orne in (in t#at a &a is a r"&e

esta)&is#e to "ie o"r actions it# no )inin e$$ect "nti& it is

enacte, #ere$ore, it #as no app&ication to past ti(es )"t on&* to

$"t"re ti(e, an t#at is #* it is sai t#at t#e &a &oo5s to t#e $"t"re

on&* an #as no retroacti%e e$$ect "n&ess t#e &eis&ator (a* #a%e

$or(a&&* i%en t#at e$$ect to so(e &ea& pro%isions 1Lope an Lope %.

Cro, -E P#i&. ++7



Lex e $"t"ro, F"ex e Praeterito



LACST VS SANTOS 16 P=IL

-7H, 2+3H

•A rapist (arrie #is %icti(, as a res"&t t#e rapist as a)so&%e o$ t#e cri(e co((itte.

•T#e co4principa& o$ t#e cri(e is sti&& ser%in #is sentence.

•A ne pena& &a as in $orce, RA3-- #ic# states;

In cases o$ se"ction, a)"ction, acts o$ &asci%io"sness an rape, t#e (arriae o$ t#e o$$ener it# t#e o$$ene part* s#a&&

extin"is# t#e cri(ina& action or re(it t#e pena&t* a&rea* i(pose "pon #i(. T#e pro%isions o$ t#is pararap# s#a&& a&so )e

app&ica)&e to t#e co4principa&s, acco(p&ices an accessories a$ter t#e $act o$ t#e a)o%e4(entione cri(es.

•Co"rt #e& t#e retroacti%it* o$ Re%ise Pena& Coe, Act No. 382. It is )e&ie%e t#at t#e Re%ise Pena& Coe, Act No. 382, artic&e

3--, &ast pararap#, app&ies to t#e case o$ t#e #erein petitioner, an t#at #e s#o"& )e isc#are $ro( prison.

•A&& pena& &as #a%e )een ec&are retroacti%e )* t#e =onora)&e S"pre(e Co"rt in t#e cases o$ Peop&e %s. oran 1-- P#i&., -33

Peop&e %s. Pare& 1-- P#i&., -37. An t#e Leis&at"re, "ner section 366 o$ t#e Ne Pena& Coe, #as c&ear&* intene to i%e

retroacti%e e$$ect to artic&e HH, )eca"se section 366 pro%ies;

>it#o"t pre'"ice to t#e pro%isions containe in artic&e HH o$ t#is Coe, $e&onies an (ise(eanors, co((itte prior to t#e ate

o$ e$$ecti%eness o$ t#is Coe, s#a&& )e p"nis#e in accorance it# t#e Coe or Acts in $orce at t#e ti(e o$ t#eir co((ission.

•I$ it as not t#e intention o$ t#e Leis&at"re to (a5e t#e ne Coe retroacti%e, it o"& #a%e "se t#e ors notit#stanin or

in spite o$, instea o$ it#o"t pre'"ice.@



<T= LA> PROVI!S :OR T= :TR,

T= F !G :OR T = PAST.@

Stat"tes are prospecti%e an not retroacti%e in t#eiroperation, t#e* )ein t#e $or("&ation o$ r"&es $or t#e

$"t"re, not t#e past. =ence, t#e &ea& (axi( Lex e :"t"ro,

F"ex e Praeterito 0 t#e &a pro%ies $or t#e $"t"re, t#e

'"e $or t#e past.



Lex e $"t"ro, F"ex e Praeterito

Canons o$ &eis&ati%e constr"ction pres"(e t#at &eis&ation

is not intene as retroacti%e "n&ess its &an"ae express&*

(a5es it retroacti%e. A stat"te passe )* a &eis&at"re

"s"a&&* states t#at it s#a&& on&* app&* a$ter a certain ate.

T#e reason $or t#e r"&e is t#e tenenc* o$ retroacti%e

&eis&ation to )e "n'"st an oppressi%e on acco"nt o$ its

&ia)i&it* to "nsett&e %este ri#ts or ist"r) t#e &ea& e$$ect

o$ prior transactions.



9CPTION TO T= RL O:

PROSPCTIV APPLICATION;

• Artic&e 3, Section HH o$ t#e 2+87 Constit"tion states

<No ex post $acto &a or )i&& o$ attainer s#a&& )e

enacte@. =oe%er, pena& &as t#at $a%or a "i&t*

person, #o is not a #a)it"a& cri(ina&, s#a&& )e i%en

retroacti%e e$$ect. T#ese are t#e r"&e, t#e exception

an exception to t#e exception on e$$ecti%it* o$ &as.



•Article 22 of the Revised Penal Code provides:

•ART. 22. Retroactive eect of penal laws. — Penal

laws shall have a retroactive eect in so far as they

favor the person guilty of a felony who is not a

ha!itual cri"inal as this ter" is de#ned in rule $ of

article %2 of this Code although at the ti"e of the

pu!lication of such laws a #nal sentence has !een

pronounced and the convict is serving the sa"e.



A)so&"ta Sententia Non Iniet



<>#en t#e &an"ae o$ t#e &a is c&ear, no exp&anation o$

it is reJ"ire.@

•It is a Latin ter( #ic# (eans <an a)so&"te '"(ent

nees no expositor.@

•A sentence t#at is p&ain an a)so&"te oes not nee an

expositor 1an expositor is a person or t#in, t#at

exp&ains a co(p&icate iea or a t#eor* .



GAN VS. RS G.R. NO. 2-H7

•C#i& s"pport case. Petitioner as orere to pro%ie c#i& s"pport to #ic# petitioner appea&e t#e case.

Petitioner asserts t#at t#e rit o$ exec"tion as iss"e espite t#e a)sence o$ a oo reason $or

i((eiate en$orce(ent. Petitioner insiste t#at as t#e '"(ent so"#t to )e exec"te i not *et attain

$ina&it* t#ere s#o"& )e an exceptiona& reason to arrant its exec"tion.

•Petitioner is re(ine )* t#e co"rt t#at 4 to t#e p&ain ors o$ a &ea& pro%ision e s#o"& (a5e no $"rt#er

exp&anation. A)so&"ta sententia expositore non iniet. T#e interpretation #ic# petitioner atte(pts to

i(pose "pon t#e co"rt o"& on&* &ea to a)s"rit*, its acceptance neatin t#e p&ain (eanin o$ t#e

pro%ision s")'ect o$ t#e petition.

•Section -, R"&e 3+, o$ t#e R"&es o$ Co"rt c&ear&* states t#at, "n&ess orere )* t#e tria& co"rt, '"(ents in

actions $or s"pport are i((eiate&* exec"tor* an cannot )e sta*e )* an appea&. T#is is an exception to

t#e enera& r"&e #ic# pro%ies t#at t#e ta5in o$ an appea& sta*s t#e exec"tion o$ t#e '"(ent an t#at

a%ance exec"tions i&& on&* )e a&&oe i$ t#ere are "rent reasons t#ere$or. T#e a$oresai pro%ision

pere(ptori&* ca&&s $or i((eiate exec"tion o$ a&& '"(ents $or s"pport an (a5es no istinction )eteen

t#ose #ic# are t#e s")'ect o$ an appea& an t#ose #ic# are not. To consier t#en petitionerKs ar"(ent

t#at t#ere s#o"& )e oo reasons $or t#e a%ance exec"tion o$ a '"(ent o"& %io&ate t#e c&ear an

exp&icit &an"ae o$ t#e r"&e (anatin i((eiate exec"tion.



<A co(p&ete state(ent reJ"ires no interpreter.@

It is )ase on t#e princip&e t#at t#e $irst an $"na(enta& "t* o$

t#e Co"rt is to app&* t#e &a.

•>#en t#e &a is c&ear an $ree $ro( an* o")t or a()i"it*,

t#ere is no roo( $or constr"ction or interpretation.

•>#ere t#e &a spea5s in c&ear an cateorica& &an"ae, t#ere is

no occasion $or interpretation t#ere is on&* roo( $or app&ication.

•>#ere t#e &a is c&ear an "na()i"o"s it ("st )e ta5en to

(ean exact&* #at it sa*s an t#e co"rt #as no c#oice )"t to see

to it t#at its (anate is o)e*e.



Co"rts enera&&* ass"(e t#at t#e ors o$ a stat"te

(ean #at an <orinar*@ or <reasona)&e@ person o"&

"nerstan t#e( to (ean. oreo%er, so(e co"rts a#ere

to t#e princip&e t#at i$ t#e ors o$ a stat"te are c&ear

an "na()i"o"s, t#e co"rt nee not inJ"ire an* $"rt#er

into t#e (eanin o$ t#e stat"te.



Opti(a Stat"ti Interpretatix st Ips"( Stat"t"(



SRANA VS SAN!IGANBAAN G.R.

26HE+

•A St"ent Reent in P as c#are o$ sta$a )* t#e O()"s(an. Petitioner c&ai(s

O()"s(anSanian)a*an #as no '"risiction o%er #er case.

•T#e S"pre(e Co"rt note t#at in raisin t#is ar"(ent, petitioner iso&ate t#e $irst pararap# o$

Section - o$ P.!. No. 26E6, it#o"t rear to t#e s"cceein pararap#s o$ t#e sai pro%ision.

•Co"rt #e&, t#e Sanian)a*an #as '"risiction o%er ot#er $e&onies co((itte )* p")&ic o$$icia&s

in re&ation to t#eir o$$ice. T#e* see no p&a"si)&e or sensi)&e reason to exc&"e esta$a as one o$

t#e o$$enses inc&"e in Section -1B o$ P.!. No. 26E6. P&ain&*, esta$a is one o$ t#ose ot#er

$e&onies. T#e '"risiction is si(p&* s")'ect to t#e tin reJ"ire(ents t#at 1a t#e o$$ense is

co((itte )* p")&ic o$$icia&s an e(p&o*ees (entione in Section -1A o$ P.!. No. 26E6, asa(ene, an t#at 1) t#e o$$ense is co((itte in re&ation to t#eir o$$ice.

•Section -1A121 o$ P.!. No. 26E6 exp&icit&* %este t#e Sanian)a*an it# '"risiction o%er

Presients, irectors or tr"stees, or (anaers o$ o%ern(ent4one or contro&&e corporations,

state "ni%ersities or e"cationa& instit"tions or $o"nations. Petitioner $a&&s "ner t#is cateor*.



<T= BST INTRPRTR O: A

STATT I S T= STATT ITS L:.@

Opti(a Stat"ti Interpretatix st Ips"( Stat"t"(

It is a &atin ter( #ic# #en trans&ate in n&is# (eans4

<T#e )est interpreter o$ a stat"te is t#e stat"te itse&$.@

It is )ase on t#e princip&e t#at t#e &a is t#e )est

expositor o$ itse&$.

T#e &eis&ati%e (eanin is to )e extracte $ro( t#e stat"te

as a #o&e an p#rase in connection it# its content.



OPTIA STATTI INTRPRTATI9 ST IPS

STATT

%er* section, pro%ision or c&a"se o$ t#e stat"te ("st )e expo"ne )*

re$erence to eac# ot#er in orer to arri%e at t#e e$$ect conte(p&ate )* t#e

&eis&at"re. T#e intention o$ t#e &eis&ator ("st )e ascertaine $ro( t#e#o&e text o$ t#e &a an e%er* part o$ t#e act is to )e ta5en into %ie.

It o"& )e "n'"st to ecie or respon as to an* partic"&ar part o$ a &a

it#o"t exa(inin t#e #o&e o$ t#e &a )eca"se no one is a)&e ri#t&* to

"nerstan one part )e$ore #e #as aain an aain rea t#ro"# t#e

#o&e, t#ere$ore t#e exp&anation or interpretation s#o"& arise o"t o$ t#e

#o&e s")'ect4(atter, t#e exposition o$ a stat"te s#o"& )e (ae $ro( a&&

its parts toet#er.



Thank You!

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Latin Maxim on StatCon