Late Seleucid mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus / by Edward T. Newell

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NUMISMATIC NOTES

AND MONOGRAPHS

No. 84

LATE SELEUCID MINTS

IN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

BY

EDWARD T. NEWELL

The American Numismatic SocietyBroadway at 156th Street

New York

1939

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NUMISMATIC

NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS

Number 84






Numismatic otes and Monographsis devoted o essays nd treatises n sub-

jects relating to coins paper moneymedals and decorations nd is uniformwith Hispanic Notes and Monographspublished by the Hispanic Society of

America nd with Indian Notes and

Monographs ssued y the Museum f theAmerican ndian Heye Foundation.

Publication CommitteeAgnes Baldwin Brett ChairmanStephen H. P. PellThomas . M bbott

Editorial StaffSydney hilip Noe EditorSawyer McA. Mosser Associate ditor




COPYRIGHT939 YTHE MERICANUMISMATICOCIETY

THENTELLIGENCERRINTINGO.LANCASTERA.




LATE SELEUCID MINTSIN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS

BYEDWARDT. NEWELL

TheAmericanumismaticocietyBROADWAYT56THTREET

NEW ORKI939






LATE SELEUCID MINTSIN

AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUSBy EdwardT. Newell

Asprovincefter provinceell, r was forciblytakenawayfrom hedecliningeleucidmpire,certainminormints rew n importances usefulsubsidiarieso the great entral stablishmenttAntioch. Their ctivity ven ncreasedwhen heshrunkenore f he ncemightympireommenced

to breakinto parts during he fratricidal arsbetweenhe astoftheSeleucidcions.The issuesof Antioch avealreadybeensegregatedy thepresent riter.1 hose of Tarsus, idon nd Tyreare soclearlymarked y ocaltypes, r bytheuseof obviousmonograms,hat theyhavelongbeenidentifiedyscholars.Thesilver oinagesfotherlessermints re not alwaysdifferentiatedeitherfrom achother r from hat f Antioch)s clearlyas onemightwish. Thepresent aper proposes,therefore,ostudy he ssues f twoof thesemintsparticularlyctiveduring he ast half-centuryfSeleucidomination.

The writersmost ratefulhanks re herebyx-tended o E. S. G.Robinson,sq.,of the BritishMuseum,oM.JeanBabelonf the BibliothèqueNationale,to Miss Roberts of the HunterianMuseum,oS. W.Grose, sq.,of theFitzwilliam

1Newell,heeleucidintf ntiochNework,918.1




2 LATE SELEUCID MINTSIN

Museum,oSir Charles man nd M. H.deNan-teuil, or o generouslyorwardingasts of certainrare arieties escribedn thefollowingages.

IAKE-PTOLEMAIS

Ake-Ptolemaiss first nown o numismatistss aSeleucidmint2 y the issueof local bronze oinsbearingheportrait f AntiochusV.3 Under heEgyptiannfluence xercised ver Palestine ndPhoeniciay the able Ptolemy I Philometornbehalf f his protégélexanderala,Ake-Ptolemaisaswell s other oastal ities uch s Sidon,Tyre,Berytusssued4 seriesf Ptolemaic" etradrachms

2Thegoldoinsf eleucusassignedo Ake-PtolemaisyRouier, ournalnternationale'archéologieumismatiqueVol.IV, 901,.200,os.29-934nd yBabelon,oise yrietc.tpp. i nd xxvi,aveongeenecognizedscertainlyelongingelsewhere.f.Hill, rit. us. at., hoeniciap. xxviii,.3;Newell,yrusedivivap.18, . .8Babelon,oc.it.tp. iiind 9,Nos.19-23;.Rouvier,occit., .201,Nos. 35-40.he etradrachmo.941s of heAntiochint. he ronzeoinf hismint,ivenyBabelon,p.59,No.56,oAntiochusII,has eenhownyRouvier,oc.cit,p.213,o.91,o e n ssuef laudius. Cf. lso .M.C.,Phoenicia,. xxix.4Rouvier,oc.it., .203, o. 49hisNos.47-8re f heAntiochint). nfortunatelyo. 49s modernast,utmadefrom genuineoin owost. Thereo,however,xist wogenuinexamplesf hesehoenicianetradrachmstrucktAke-PtolemaisyAlexanderala.One,atedSP,wasecuredyRouvierfterheublicationf is ork,ndsnown heuthor'scollectionCf. late,A);the econd,atedEP,wasnCol.Aliottee aFuýe'sollection,oldy ianin ebruary925,o.837,I. 5,nds lson he uthor'sollection.




AKE-PTOLEMAISAND DAMASCUS3

ofPhoenicianeightnd with he Ptolemaicagleon the reverse.Ptolemy, imself,truck t Ake-Ptolemais similaretradrachmutbearingis wnportrait n the obverse.5 These issuesof Ake-Ptolemaisre all clearly ifferentiatedrom hesimilaroinagesf her ister itiesn Phoeniciaydisplaying barley-stalkn the fieldbehind heeagle, ccompaniedy the etters,ITO,orbythemonogram,ŤT-t is alsoto benoted hat,unlikethe other ssues,heeagleat our mint s depictedstanding pona thunderbolt.6 nderTryphon,therewas a rare ssueofsimilar ieces,7ollowed,apparently,y completeessationf ilver oinage

throughouthe

reignfAntiochus II.

At this ime, owever,hemunicipaluthoritiesof Ake-Ptolemaisrobablyssued the two smallcopper enominationsith utonomousypes I:Jugate eads f heDioscurin theobverse,oublecornucopiaen the reverse;I: Laureatehead ofApolloon the obverse, lyre n thereverse)ndthe egendANTIOXEQNON EN IITOAEMAIAI.8Thesecoinsdisplayonly monogramsr single

6J.N.Svoronos,àNo/xUr/zza oüpáxouçG>vTcoXenafov,ol.II,p.244,o. 486,l.XLVIII,9-20.

"AtBerytu8,ne agletandspon palm-branch,t lyreuponship'sam,tSidonponothingt ll.7Babelon,oc.it., o. 056,l.XXI,;Rouvier,oc.it., o.953. Anotherxample,n he ague,as ublishedy mhoof-Blumer,eitschriftürNumismatikVol.II, 1876,l. X,9.Theseoins egainind arkedy he arleytalk,hemono-gramff, nd he hunderbolt.f. late,B.•Brit. us. at.. hoenicia,.128,os.-7;Rouvier,oc.it..Nos.62,72.HisNo.71 lsoelongsere,ut emistookhemagistralettersEasadateBS).




4 LATESELEUCIDMINTSIN

letters s mint-marks,nd are also ofconsiderablybetter tyle han he ater opperwith he nscrip-tion,ANTIOXEQNQNENIITOAEMAIAIEPASASTAOY whichremarked ith ates unningromznp to Eqp.9

It was notuntil he econd eignfDemetriusI,that our mint recommencedts coinageof royalSeleucidilver ieces.

DEMETRIUSIISecondReignnAke-Ptolemais,29-126. C.

Year 128-127. C.1.AtticTetradrachm

Obv Diademed,eardedead fDemetriusI to r.Fillet order.

Rev. BA2IAEQ2AHMHTPIOYn two ines nther., OEOYNIKATOPOSin two ines n the 1.Zeus,naked owaist,eated o 1. ondiphrosholdsNikewith iademedreathnoutstretched.,rests .upon ceptre.Beneathhrone,y|. In theexergue,ElIPandifï.

a)Vienna,r.16.45,LATEI;ß)Newell,r. 16.68,PLATEI; 7)Naville aleX,June 925, o.1342,r.16.46,I.51;Ô)Paris,No.1206,r. 16.20;)NavilleSaleX,June 925,o.1343,r. 6.47,I.51;F)London,No.14, r.16.19; )Glasgow,unter oll., ol. ll, p.86,No.1,gr.16.42.

a ß and7arefromhe ame bverse ie.2. Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv.Similarothe receding,xcepthat heres adottednsteadf fillet order.

»See elowos.2, 5, 8, 3, 5, 7.




AKE-PTOLEMAIS ANDDAMASCUS 5

Rev. BA2IAEQ2AHMHTPIOY roundn eaglestandingo1.upon thunderbolt.n 1.field,ÎTbove1^1.In r. field,IIP. Betweenagle'segs,YI.

a) Paris,No.1194,r. 13.90,Lxxii, 2;ß) Paris,No.1195,gr. 13.70;7) Paris,No.1196, r. 13.50;8)Naville aleX,June 925,o.1330,r. 3.58,L50;e)Newell,ormerlyouvier,oc.it.,No.954, r.13.53,PLATEII; f) London;*)unburyoll.,NumismaticChronicle3rd er.,Vol. ll, 1883, . 102, r. 13.87,PLvi,7.3. Phoenicianidrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similar o thepreceding,nd with he ame

date ndmonograms.

a) Paris,No.

1197, r. 6.55; ß Newell,ormerlyRouvier,oc.cit.,No.955,gr. 6.61theweight ivenbyRouviersanerror), LATE II.

Year 127-126. C.4. AtticTetradrachm

Obv.SimilaroNo.1.Rev. Sametypes nd nscriptions No.1,except

that he Nike nZeus' handfaces other. In theexergue, M-

a) NavillealeXII,Oct.1926,No.1978,L 57 =Walcher e Moltheinoll.,No.2993,PLxxvii), r.16.09; )Bementoll.,Naville aleVII,June 924,No.1700,r.16.33,l. 59 = Headlamoll., othebySale,May1916,o.446, Lx); 7)Hessale, ucerne,Dec.1933,o.Ill, gr.16.38,L4(= NavillealeX,June1925,No.1353,PL52);Ô) Newell,r. 16.32,PLATEI, 5;c)Luneauoll., iatt ale,March922,No.747, Lxvi;f) Cahn ale61,Dec.1928,o.168,gr. 4.30,Lvi; )Glasgow,unter oll., ol.ll, p. 86,No.3,gr. 6.81,L xviii,3.




6 LATE SELEUCIDMINTSIN

5. Phoenician etradrachmObv SimilaroNo.2.

Samenscriptionndtypes s No.2. In 1.field, abovetf. Inr. field, TP.Newell,r. 12.86,LATEII,6.6. Phoenician idrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.Paris,No.1198,r. .70.Owingo the mall ize f

the etters,he ate ould lsoberead sSIIP.PLATE11,4.

DemetriusI, escapingrom is longParthian

captivity,eturnedn 129B. C. and recoveredhatwas leftof the Seleucidmpire. Tyre,the mostactiveSeleucidmint outh f Antioch,ommencedcoiningrolificallyn his name n the Seleucidear183,which s 130-129. C.10 Thesames true fAntioch,11hought that mint hisissues re notdated. As the scapefDemetriusnd thedeath fAntiochus II in Mediatookplacewithin shorttime f ach othernthe pring f 129B.C.,12heseissuesprobablyirst ommencedoappear hortlyafterward.

Very oon,however,emetrius admanagedomakehimself horoughlynpopulart Antioch,withthe upshot hat Ptolemy III EuergetesIwasable to nstall here128B.C.)a creaturefhis

Edgar ogers,heecondnd hirdeleucidoinagef yre,inNumismaticotesndMonographsNo.4, p. , 6.uNewell,he eleucidintfAntioch,p. 2-4.«Bevan,he ousefSeleucus,ol.I,pp. 44-247.





own, neAlexander,icknamedebina. DemetriusII nowruled nly verPhoenicia,oele-SyriandPalestine. Andhaving hus ost the great entralmint f Antioch, emetriuspparently roceededtoreplacet bycausinghe oastalmints till n hispossessiono ssueAttic s well s theirmore sualPhoenicianetradrachms. hus, t happenshatwenow uddenlyind ttic etradrachmsoinedtSidon,13yre,14ndAke-Ptolemais,ll bearingheSeleucid ate 185= 128-127B. C. Thetypes ftheseAttic tetradrachmsre not Phoenician utroyalAntiochene,. e.,with hebeardedortrait fDemetriusurroundedy fillet order n the ob-

verse,eated euson thereverse.

As at Tyre nd Sidon,o also atAke-PtolemaisthisAttic oinageNos.1and4)isaccompaniedya renewedoinageon the Phoeniciantandard,comprisingwodenominations,he etradrachmnddidrachmNos.2, 3, 5, 6). It is nterestingonote,though, hatat our mint both the Attic nd thePhoenicianoinages isplay contemporaryor-trait of DemetriusI, wearing islongParthianbeard. In contrast,he ssues fthe two eparatestandardst both idon ndTyre redifferentiated

not nly ytheir eightsnd reverseypes,ut lsobytheuseofa bearded eadon theAttic nd ofanow nachronisticeardlessust n the Phoeniciancoins.

Duringhefirst ear EIIP)of the re-openingfthe royalmint at Ake-Ptolemais,ll coinsare

i»Cf. aris os. 203-5."Edgar ogers,oc.it., .32,No. 31.




8 LATESELEUCID MINTSIN

markedwith hecity'smonogramtl, ust s in thedaysofAlexanderBalaandTryphon.Liketheearlier oins, he Phoenicianiecesgaindepict heeagletandingn thunderbolt,ut hebarley-stalkis missing.On theAttic etradrachmNo. l), wefind but one magistratendicated, YI;on thePhoenicianenominationswo,KHndIYI.

It is curiouso note hatthemonogramYIlsoappearsn thisvery ameyear EUP)on the oinsofboth idon nd Tyre. At Sidon t occursn thisoneyear nly.15 tTyre t had ppearedor hefirsttimeon the nitialPhoenicianetradrachmtruckbyAlexander Bala inBSP.16It reappearedeven

yearsater n 0SP ona Phoenicianetradrachmf

DemetriusTs first eign.17rom AHP(secondreign f DemetriusI) onwards,t recurs requentlyat Tyre. It is possiblehat this man,oneof themost ctivemint fficialst Tyre,wasemployedotonly oinitiate he specialoinagef TyrianAttictetradrachmsn EIIP,but alsoto re-openhemintat Sidon whichhadbeenquiescent,o far as theissuingf ilvermoney asconcerned,ince heyearHOPin thereign f Antiochus II.18 Afteruper-visingthe initial re-coinageere, YIapparently

delegatedhis powerto J®9and transferredhe16n he tticetradrachm,aris o. 205nd n specimenin he uthor'sollection;n he hoenicianetradrachm,umis-matichroniclerd er., ol.ll, 1883,I.VI, , nd n speci-menn he uthor'sollection.16dgar ogers,oc.it.,p. nd 5,No. .17bid.,p. and 8,No. 2.18 etradrachmn he uthor'sollection,romouvier.19Whoignedhe emainingidonianoinsfyearIIP.Cf.Paris,os. 203-4.




AKE-PTOLEMAISANDDAMASCUS9

scene fhis ctivitieso Ake-Ptolemaishere oinsof both EIIPand ÇFLPbear his signature.AtTyre, coinssigned by IYIcontinued o appearregularlyhroughouthe yearsEIIP, ÇHPandZnP,at whichime yrereceived erndependenceand at once nauguratedn autonomousoinagefher wn.20 ut YIontinuedosign henewTyrian"shekels"regularly or another welveyearsormore.21

Thissuggesteddentity f person etween hevariousYIs signinghe coinsof Sidon,TyreandAke-Ptolemaisn the yearEIIP issuppositional.It is predicated,owever,pon hecloseproximityto each other f the three

mints,22s well s

upontheobviouslypecialnature f this oinagefAttictetradrachms. heir ssue astedbut oneyearatboth Sidon andTyre, wo at Ake-Ptolemais. sthecoinagef anysilvermoneyt allhad been nabeyanceor ome evenyears t Sidon ndelevenyears t Ake-Ptolemais,t maywellhavebeen on-sidereddvisableo senda practised unctionaryfrom n active mint ike Tyre osupervisehere-newedproductionf silver money t her twoneighboringities.

The undated ttic etradrachm,o.4,mayhave20ritish useumatalogue,hoenicia,.cxxxiv.21ouvier,our.nt.arch,um.,ol. I,1903,p. 96-300,recordsis resencentilearwelveNo. 983).n he ritish

Museumoins,e ppearsegularlyntil earineNo. 5).Asimilaronogramccursgainn he ears9 No. 0)nd 4(No.05)ut heseay elongo nothererson.21idonsdistantromyreut welveilesy oad;yreadistantromke-Ptolemaisomeighteenilesy oad.




10 LATESELEUCID MINTS IN

been oinedowardshe lose fEIIP,aswell s inÇIIP. Its twomonogramsppearon the accom-panyinghoenicianoins fbothyears.

CLEOPATRASolereignt Ake-Ptolmais, 26-125. C.

Year 126-125. C.7. AtticTetradrachm

Obv. Veiledust fCleopatraor.,wearingiadem,Stephanendveil. Fillet order.

Rev. BA2IAI22HS KAEOIIATPASntwo inesonther., 0EASEYETHPIA2intwo ines nthe1.Twocornucopiaeilled ith ruits nd boundwithroyal iadem.Onr., . On1., IÏP4

London,o.1,gr.16.65,LATEI.

AfterAlexanderI Zebinahad withEgyptianhelp ecured ispositiont Antioch,emetriusIapparently emoved is courtto Ake-Ptolemais.At least, t is there hat we find23ueenCleopatraat the ime hatherhusband emetriusasmeetingthe rmy f heusurper earDamascus. Demetriuswas routed nd fledto Ake-Ptolemais,nly todiscover hat the strong-willedleopatrahad de-cided o take mattersntoher wnhands ndhadshut hegates gainst im. Hefled oTyre,wherehe wasslainby thegovernorf the city, robablybyorder fCleopatraerself. he also wouldhavenone f her ldest onbyDemetrius,eleucus,nd

23ppian,yr. 8;Josephus,ntiquitiesIII, 68.





hadhim ssassinatedhen eattemptedo assumethediadem nhisown nitiative.24

In theyear126-125. C., then, leopatrawasruling lone n Ake-Ptolemaisnd issued hepre-cedingtetradrachm ated ZIIP. It bears themonogram on whosetrength reviouscholarshave ssignedhe oin oSycamina25r cythopolis.26Babelon27ightly uestions the attribution oSycaminautoffers osuggestionf his own. Onnumismaticrounds,ndbyanalogywithNos.4-6,themonogramanonly ethat f ome magistrate.In general,n Seleucid oinsof the period, itymonogramslay subordinateôle nd are seldomfoundxcepts accessorieso themonogramftheofficiatingagistrate.28n otherwords,he coinsalways earmagistrates*onogramsnd onlyoc-

2«ppian,yr. 9;Justin,XXIX,, ;Livy,pit.,x.25ercy ardner,nBritishuseumatalogue,he eleucidKingsf yria,.xxx;e aulcy,onnaiesatéesesèleucidesp.61.26dgarogers,umismatichronicle4ther., ol. IX, 919,pp. 2-29.r.Rogers'rgumentsre omewhateakenedy hefacthat e ncludesp.23)mongis oinsupposedlyearingthemonogram,oneBabelon,o. 359)hichoes otossessthismonogram.he ieceasctuallyoinedt Damascus,swe hallee elow,.60,No. 7.Further,he oinn he ritishMuseumTheeleucidingsf yria, .86,No.,Pl.XXIII,)whicheists,oes oteardateshe laims;nd is wnoin,PI.ll,3, sdated«ïP, ot ^P.2Tois eyrietc., . liii.m n xceptionouldeem o beTyre, hoseonogramhadnvariablyarkedts oinsincehe aysfAlexanderala(notomentionts ssuesndertolemyI andII).But eretis lwaysnitedithhemoreonspicuouslub hich,incehetimef emetriusoliorcetes,spar xcellenceheymbolf heTyrian int. nderhe eleudds,tnevertandsloneut salwaysccompaniedy ne rmore agistralonograms.




12 LATE SELEUCIDMINTS IN

casionallyitymonograms.Whenbut one mono-gram ppears na coin,we canbe certain hat trepresentsmagistrate,ot city.

Lookingt the matter rom purely istoricalndeconomictandpoint,his phemeraloinagewhichappearedduring he shortperiod hat Cleopatraruled lone,couldhave beenstruck nly t Ake-Ptolemais,er oyal esidencend the ity nwhichshe andhercourt ctually ound hemselves hensherepudiatederworthlessusband,nd herselfassumed hereinsof government.ts styleandworkmanship,oth of excellentuality for theperiod,re dentical ith hose f the mmediately

precedingssue

(Nos. 1-6)of DemetriusI. On

these ieceshemonogram,?î, efinitelyroclaimstheir lace f ssue o havebeenAke-Ptolemais.e-cause of ts close imilarityf style ndfabric, o.7must lso havebeen oinedhere. It is unreason-able to supposehat, n the crisis, coin sowellexecutedwouldbe producedfor CleopatraatSycaminar at Scythopolisneitherfwhichlaceshad ever ossessed royaleleucidmint fany ort.There eemsnopossibleeasonwhyNo.7 shouldnot have beenproducedn the now ctivemint f

the itywhich asCleopatra'sapital, er esidence,and the eat of herpower.The reverseype f the doubleornucopiaeay

have been adoptedin allusionto Cleopatra'sEgyptian rigin, or hetype s the usualoneforthegoldcoins fthat ountry, oinsdoubtless ellknownn Palestine.Manya goldmnaieiatwiththecornucopiaeeverse,ad beencoined t Sidon,





Tyre, oppa, aza andt Ake-Ptolemaistself.Thedoublecornucopiaeas also the reverse ypeofmostof the municipalronze oins truck t thelatter ity n the precedinghirty ears. Thus,we havean addedreason for recognizingke-Ptolemaiss the ruemint fNo. 7.

CLEOPATRAANDANTIOCHUS VIII125-121. C.

Year 125B. C.8. AtticTetradrachm

Obv,Headsof Cleopatraith eil,Stephanenddiadem,nd of Antiochusith iadem,ugate o r.Fillet order.Rev BA2IAI22H2KAEOITATPAS©EA2inthree ines n r., KAIBA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOTnthreeines n1. ZeusNicephorusnthronedo 1. Inouter .field, .

a) London,o.6,gr. 16.65,I.xxiii, ;ß)NavilleSaleI, Apr.1921,No.3010,gr. 16.52, I. lxxxix;y)Collignonoll., euardentale,May1914,o.397,Pl.xx; Ô)Ratto ale, May1912,No.1095,r. 15.96,PI.xxi; ) Vogeloll.,Hessale,March929, o.406,gr. 6.35,L11; )NavillealeX,June 925,o.1382,gr. 6.45,I.53;f)OttoColl.Hess ale207, ec.1931,No.675NavillealeX,June 925, o.1383,I.53),gr. 16.47,L16;y) O'Haganoll., othebyale,May1908,No.686,PLxi,gr. 16.26; )Ratto ale,Apr. ,1927,o.2518,l.lxiii= Bernentoll.,NavillealeVII,June 924, o.1707,L59=SchlesingerGuz-man, othebyale,July 914,o.118,l.vii),gr.6.57;t) Mrs.E. T. Newell,r. 16.63;k)Newell,r. 16.42,PLATEI;X)FenerlyeyColl.,ggeraleXLI,Nov.1912,o.737,r. 6.15,Lxx;p)EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,No.769, r. 15.88,Lxxi = Tobin ushColl.,Sothebyale,Nov.1902,No.250,Pl.ii); v)Bement





Coll.,Naville aleVII,June 924,No.1706,l. 59;ÖLuneauoll., latt ale,Mar.1922,o.749, l.xvi;o)SirHermanWeber oll.,Vol. II, Part I, No.7926,gr.15.98,l.290;v)NewYork,MetropolitanuseumofArt J.Ward oll.,No.798, I.xx, r. 6.49;)Cons.Weberoll.,HirschaleXXI,Nov.1908,o.4118,I.liv, r. 6.53.9. Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv. Similaro the'preceding,xcept hat theborderscomposedfpellets.

Rev. BA2IAI22H2 KAE0IIATPA2 on1.,BA2-IAEQ2ANTIOXOY onr. Eagletandingo 1. ona thunderbolt). In 1.field,. In r. field, IIP.

Paris, o.1336,r. 4.00,I.xxiv, ,PLATEI.10. BronzeUnit

Obv Radiatehead of Antiochuso r. Circle fpellets.

Rev. BA2IAI22H2KAE0IIATPA2intwo inesonr., KAIBASIAEQSANTIOXOYin three ineson1. Isis head-dress.n upper . field, . In theexergue,IIP.

London,r. .82, LATE I.11.BronzeUnit

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro he receding,xcepthat hemono-

gramsa)London; Paris,No.1337,r.6.15,PI.xxiv, ;7)Newell,r. .96, LATE II.Municipal ssue

12.BronzeHalfObv.Jugate usts f the Dioscurio r.Rev.ANTIOXEQNTQN ENIITOAEMAI nwo




AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS15

linesnr., EPASA2TA0Ton1. Cornucopiae.nlower .field, IIP.

LondonBrit.Mus.Cat.,Phoeniciap. 129,No.10,PI.xvi, ),gr. .20,LATE I.Year 125-124 .C.13.Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv.SimilaroNo.9.Rev Similaro No.9,excepthat hedate s HIIP.Paris, o.1338,r.13.30,LATEII.

14. BronzeUnitObv Similaro No.10.Rev SimilaroNo.10,xcepthat he ate sHIIP,

Theaccompanyingonograms .a) Glasgow,unterianoll.,Vol. ll, p.98,No.10,gr. 5.54,PLATEIII; ß Paris,No. 1339,r. 5.30;7)Paris,No.1340,r.5.15.

Municipalssue15.BronzeQuarter

Obv Laureate eadfApolloor.,with eaturesfAntiochusIII. Circle fpellets.

Rev.ANTIOXEQNTQNEN IITOAEMAIn wolinesn the ., EPASASTAOTonthe1. Lyre. Inthe xergueIIP.

Newell,r. 1.77,LATEIII.Year 124-123 . C.

16.AtticTetradrachmObv Similaro No. 8. At imes,he illetorders

replacedya dotted ne.Rev. SimilaroNo.8. With he amemonogram

inthe uter .field,utwith©IIPnthe xergue.





Fillet Bordera) Rogersoll.,Numismatichronicle4th er.,Vol.

XIX,1919,.23,PI. ii, = Naville aleX,June 925,No.1378,

L53), r. 6.58;)

HirschaleXXXIV,May1914,No.506,PI.xvi = Hirsch aleXXXIII,Nov.1913,o.913, I.xxi= Proweoll., gger ale,Nov.

1904,No.1556,PLx),gr. 16.45;) Carfrae oll.,Sothebyale,May1894,No.317,PLx, 10,gr. 16.59;5)Schlessingerale13,Feb.1935,No.1469,L52;«)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 96,No.1,gr.16.67,L xix, 5.

Dotted Borderf) Jamesonoll.,Vol. , No.1742,L lxxxviii=

Ashburnhamoll., othebyale,May1895,No.217,PL v = H. P. Smith oll., othebyale,June 905,No.307,PLiii),gr. 16.84;) NavillealeX, June1925,No.1379,r. 16.70,L53;rj)Cambridge,eakeColl.;6)Glendiningale,March1931,No.1162,r.16.70,Lxxx; )Newell= Rhousopoulosoll.,HirschSaleXIII,May1905,No.4471,L lv= Naville aleXV,July 930, o.1083,L38),gr. 6.70,LATE II.17. BronzeUnit

Obv. imilaro No.10.Rev SimilaroNo.10. Monogram, In the

exergue,IIP, beneath hich wingedhunderbolt.a) Paris,No.1341, r. 3.85;ß Paris,No.1342,

gr.4.60;y)London,r.6.05,PLATEIII; 6)Newell,gr. .24;)Glasgow,unter oll., ol. ll, p.98,No.1 ,gr.6.42,PLATEIII.

Municipalssue18.BronzeHalf

Obv Jugate usts f the Dioscuri o r. Circlefpellets.

Rev ANTIOXEQNENIITOAEMAIntwo inesonr., EPA2A2TA0Y on 1.Cornucopiae.n ower,inner ield, IIP. In upper .field,i orWorN (?).





a) ParisLesPerses chéménides,. 218,No.1503,withN(?)inplacefmonogram),r. .55;ß)Vienna;7) Newell,r. 1.91; )Parisloc.it., .218,No.1502,PLxxix, ),gr.2.70,LATEIII; c)London,r.2.21,PLATEIII. Year 122-121 .C.19. AtticTetradrachm

Obv. Similaro No.16.Fillet order.Rev. Similaro No.16. Inouter .field, . Be-

neath hrone, In the xergue,*IP.Paris, o.1351,r.16.10,I.xxiv, , PLATEII.

Year 121B.C.20. Phoenician etradrachm

Obv. SimilaroNo. 9.Rev,SimilaroNo.9,excepthat he nscriptionsaretransposed.heeagletands pon thunderbolt.

Ininner .field, . In nner .field, ^P.a) Paris,No. 1358= Collectione Luynes, ol.

IV, No. 3404,PI. cxxv),gr. 13.55,PLATEIII;ß London, .85,No.1,gr.12.93,I.xxiii,.21.Phoenicianetradrachm

ObvàSimilarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro the receding,utbeneath isthe

monogramÎT.

a)Paris, o.1357,r.13.85,I.xxiv, , PLATEII;ß)Newell,r.13.06; )NavillealeX,June 925, o.1386,r. 13.51,I.53;Ô)Ratto ale,June 929,No.511, I. xxiv= WalchereMoltheinoll.,No.3048,PI.xxviii,r. 3.32),r. 3.15.

Within fewmonthsf hedeath fDemetriusIandher wn ssumptionf power, leopatraoundit expediento associatewithherselfn the throne





her econdonby Demetrius,ntiochus III sur-namedGrypus.29But she, herself, etained hereins f government,s evincedythecoinswhichbear the portraits f both mother nd son,hersostentatiouslyn the foreground,hileAntiochustakessecondplacebehindhis mother. On thereverse,oo,hername recedeshat f her on.

ThecoinagefAttic, s well s Phoenicianetra-drachms,ontinuest Ake-Ptolemais;nd all bearthemagistrate's onogram,. On onespecimen(No.21,PLATEIII),it s even ccompaniedy ÎTwhich ssures s that ll of these oinsmusthavebeen struck t Ake-Ptolemais. hoenician etra-drachmsreknown or he three ears IIP,HIIPandB^P. Theeagle,s had becomeustomarytourmint, tillholds hethunderboltn its claws.Correspondingttic tetradrachmsre known orthetwoyears IIP andA4P,which appen o beyearsof whichwe possessno Phoenician etra-drachms.Thismaybemere oincidencer due tothe erratic hances f archaeologicalransmission,buteven o it does uggesthatwhen urmintwasbusycoiningmoneyn the Phoeniciantandardttended oneglecthe ssueof Attic oins, nd vice

versa Wemaythereforee at fault n tentativelyplacinghe undatedAttic etradrachmsNo.8)atthe commencementf the joint reign. Possiblythesewere ctuallyoinedn the year4P, ofwhichwe wouldotherwiseossessno specimenst all,neither ttic norPhoenician.A study f possibledie-identitiesight olvethequestion,newayor

29evan,oc.it.».250.





the other. Buta search f the scantymaterial tthe writer's isposalrevealsnot a single bversedie-identityetweeno.8on the nehand ndNos.16 nd 19onthe ther. Acertain etail bservablein thereverseypemayoffer possiblelueto thesolution. On the Attic tetradrachms,oth ofDemetriusI and of Cleopatrand AntiochusVIII,thereverseypedepictsheenthronedeus.On DemetriusPs first ssuet Ake-PtolemaisNo.1)he s nvariablyeated pon diphros;n hisnextissueNo. 4)his thronesinvariablyrovided itha high ack. On the coins f Cleopatra,hose ortheyearOIIP(No.16)invariablyavethehigh-backedhrone s on the ast ssue f Demetrius

I,whilethe sole known xample f the year(No.19)againhas the diphros As the undatedcoinsNo. 8)displayoth hediphrosndthehigh-backedhrone,heymightmoreogicallyeplacedbetweenhe oins fyears IIPandA^P. Thepointis interesting,ut the authorhesitateso laytoomuchweight pon t and would refero await hemoreconclusive videncef die-identityif andwhen btainable.

Alongsidehe ilvermoney,ronzeoins f royaltypeswerenowalso issuedt Ake-Ptolemais.fthese,wepossesspecimensatedZIIP,HIIP and0IIP, someof which bearalso themagistrate'smonogram, Curiouslynough,hese oinsdis-play only the portrait f Antiochusn theirobverses,30hough emay ssume hat he sishead-

»0he amehenomenonecursn he ronzeoinstrucktAntiochyCleopatrandAntiochusIII. Cf.Newell,heSeleucidintfAntioch,.91.





dress f he everselludesirectlyoCleopatrandherEgyptian rigin.Here,hername tillprecedesthatofher on, s on the ilver oinage.

Apparently,t the ime hatCleopatraeizedhesupremepower,she was pleased,for politicalreasons,ogrant hecity f Ake-Ptolemaisn en-larged mount f localfreedomnd the covetedtitles holy" nd"inviolate."At east, hemunici-pal coinagewhichwas referredoabove,nowcon-tinuesntheusual wodenominationsnd with hesametypes s before ut, henceforth,earingheadditional itles,Yepaçnd áaúXou.Fortunately,this new series f municipalssues sdated. WehaveZnP, HIIPand©IIP well

attested, lthoughwe do notyet possess othdenominationsor achyear. Apparently, o judgeby their izes andweights, hesemunicipal iecesrepresentedhehalves nd quarters f the royalbronzes.If wemayassume he atter o be chalcithen he twomunicipal enominationshouldrepresent emi-chalci nd dileptaor, possibly,n the three,wehavebefore s hemichalcidileptand lepta. It isto be noted that the king'shead on the royalbronze oinspresents hesamegeneral ontours,

arrangementf ocks ndstyle s do the Dioscuriheadson the accompanyingunicipalronzesthus ttesting commonmint or both ategories.It is nstructiveocompareLATEII, Nos.11and12,PLATEIII, Nos.14 nd 15,17s nd 18s.

In 123-122. C.,31ith tolemaicssistance,he«iBevan,occit.,.252.





usurperAlexanderebina wasfinally vercome,andthereuponommitteduicide.CleopatrandAntiochusnteredntopossessionf Antioch,ndpossiblyalso removedtheir residence hither.Certainly, large oinagen their ointnameswasnowcommencedt the centralmint.32 t mayormaynot be a coincidencehat for his veryyear(*3P 123-122B. C.) no datedcoins, ither nsilver r in bronze,re known orAke-Ptolemais.Thesilver oinaget this mint wasrecommencedthe followingear (A*ïP)and continued ntilCleopatra'seath t the hands f her own son nB4P. Thecoinagef bronze eemsnot to havebeen resumedt this time. So faras the

royalbronzes concerned,heprolificssuesdated4PandA<3P)now ppearingt Antiochmayhavebeendeemedufficientor opular eeds oth here ndin Palestine. Theapparentbsence fmunicipalissuesfor the years*5Pto BSÍPmaybe due tochance,s thedated ssuesf the ity regenerallyextremelycarce.

It is probablehatonlywith heyearZIIP,wasa truly ontinuouseries f silver eleucid ssuesdefinitelyegun t Ake-Ptolemais.he reason s

notfar o seek. It was n thatveryyear hat hecity fTyre inallyecuredtsfreedom33romeleu-cidrule nd coined eleucidypes o onger.Thislossto theSeleucidsf an important intwasap-parently ounteractedt onceby the ntroductionofa regularoinagef royalmoneyt the nearby

»Cf.Newell,occit,,p. 0-2.»Britishuseumatalogue,noemta, . xxxiv.





Ake-Ptolemais.t is, further, o be noted hat nthesameyear ZIIP)thegreatmint t Damascuswasalsolost34o thefaction eadedby Cleopatra,and was notrecoveredntil our earsater. Thus,anadditionaleasonor heopening pof perma-nent mint-establishmentt Ake-Ptolemaisn theyearZUPis presented.Not onlywas thiscityCleopatra's apital,ut for time t actuallyon-stituted he solemint nderher urisdiction.35nthese ifficultimes,t is impossibleobelievehather nlymintwould eintheoutlyingnddanger-ously ituated own f Scythopolis,owopento anattack from amascusby the recently ictorious

troopsf Zebina. We are not even certain hat

Cleopatraas ableto retain er hold nScythopolisat this ime. Obviously,ke-Ptolemaisonstitutesthe only possible lacewhere mint ouldhavesafely r logicallyperated orCleopatran thefirst ew ears fher eign.Afurther ointmilitatesstronglygainst onsideringcythopoliss a possi-blemint. Under heSeleucids,heresnot singleinstance ecorded f an inlandcity ssuing oinsbasedonthePhoeniciantandard.The use ofthatstandardwasconfinedxclusivelyo such coastal

mints s Berytus,idon,Tyre,Ake-PtolemaisndAscalon. Onapriori rounds,herefore,here xistsanexcellenteasongainst cceptingcythopoliss

**ee elow,p. 5-58.»Sherobablytillxercisedomeortf wayveridon,utthe nlyoinsf hatmint nownobearheugateeadsfCleopatrandAntiochusIII,wereot truckntilhe earsAfiPnd 4P. No oinst ll adpparentlyeenssuedincethe earITPParis,os.255-7).





a mint for the Phoenician etradrachmsnd di-drachms,ere escribed.With hemmustgotheaccompanyingttic coins,signedby the samemagistrates.Theprobableeasonwhy truemint-marks soseldom oundn the Ake coins fter IIP,is per-hapsdue to thefact hat, ikeAntioch,he itywasnowookedpon sa "centrarmint f he eleucidpower. Certainly,nder leopatrat was notonlya central ut,for time, er olemint. Therefore,no mark ndicatingocalitywasactuallyneeded.When successeventually rownedCleopatra'seffortsndshehadaddedto her kingdomhe dis-tricts f

Coele-Syria,eleucis nd

Pieria,nd

Cilicia,includingheir entralmints f Damascus,AntiochandTarsus,habit tilldictatedhepracticef dis-pensing ith true mint-markn the oins f Ake-Ptolemais.And here the old adagethat "theexceptionroves he rule" againdemonstratestsvalidity. For,suddenlynd in onlyoneinstance(No.21),doesitr reappearor moment n thecoinsof Ake-Ptolemais,o distinguishhemfromthe ssues t thenewlycquiredmints fDamascus,Antiochnd Tarsus.

ANTIOCHUSVIII GRYPUSFirst eign,21/0-114/3. C.

Year 121-120. C.22. Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv.Diademedhead of Antiochus III to r.Circlef ellets.





Rev BA2IAEQ2onr., ANTIOXOYon1. Eaglestands o Lupon thunderbolt.n 1.field, . In r.field, qP.

a) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1440,I.56(=Numismatichronicle4th er.,Vol.XIX,1919,.22,PI. ii, ),gr.12.90;)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol.Ill,No.9336,r. 3.81,I.341,0, LATEII;7)New-ell, r.12.25.

MunicipalCoinage23. BronzeHalf

Obv Jugate usts f the Dioscuri or. Circle fpellets.

Rev. ANTIOXEQN TQNEN IITOAEMAIAIntwo ines nr., EPASASYAOYon 1. Cornucopiae.Ininner . field,B^P.

London,r. 1.66, LATE III.Year 120-119 .C.

24.PhoenicianetradrachmObv.SimilaroNo. 22.Rev. SimilaroNo.22. In 1.field,M* Inr. field,

rqp.a)Paris, o.1377,r.13.35; Naville aleX,June1925,No.1439,I.56(= Naville aleI, Apr.1921,No.3011,I. xxxix Eggerale,Jan.1908, o.638,PI.xx),gr.14.07;) Newell,r.13.38,LATEIV.

MunicipalCoinage25. BronzeHalfObv Jugate eadsf theDioscurio r. Circle f

pellets.Rev.ANTIOXEQNTQNENIITOAEMAIAIn

two ines n r. (IEPASA2YA0Yon 1.). Cornu-copiae.In inner .field, SEP.

Newell,r.2.09, LATE IV.





Year 118-117. C.26.Phoenician etradrachm

Obv Similaro No.24.Rev.Similaro No.24. In1.field, Inr. field,Eqp.Naville aleX,June 925, o.1441,L56 = Bun-

bury oll., othebyale,Dec.1896,No.575,PLvi),gr.14.15,LATEIV.

MunicipalCoinage27.BronzeHalf

Obv Jugate usts f theDioscuri o r. Circle fpellets.

Rev.ANTIOXEQNTQN ENIITOAEMAIAI ntwo ines n he

.,EPASASTAOTon he1. Cornu-

copiae.n nner.field,<3P.In nner. ield,yl rARouvier,os.965-6= Paris, es Perses chémêni-desNos.1504-5,r. 1.82, .38.

UndatedCoinageYears 120-117 .C.

28.AtticTetradrachmObv Similar o thepreceding,ut with fillet

border.Rev BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOTntwo ines n r.,

Eni<ï>AN0Y2n 1. ZeusUranius,aked,tandingo1., olds tar noutstretched. nd ests .upon ceptre.In 1.field, fl The whole urroundedya laurelwreath.

a)Newell,r.16.51;)Newell,r.16.68;-e)Paris,No.1409Pl.XXV,),gr. 6.50;No.1410,r. 6.40;No.1411,r. 15.85; -r¡)Naville aleI, Apr.1921,Nos.3016-8,rs. 6.53, 6.57, 6.60,l.lxxxix;0)avillealeX,June 925,o.1396,r. 6.48,L54; )Bernentoll.,





NavillealeVII,June 924, o.1709,r.16.47,I.59(= FenerlyeyColl.,ggeraleXLI,Nov.1912,o.740, I.xx);k)Aliotte e aFuýeColl.,iani ale,Feb.1925,No.925,gr. 16.58,I. 16; X)Newell,r. 16.68,PLATEV; /i) chlessingerale13, eb.1935,o.1475,gr.16.30,l.52; v)Schlessingerale11, eb.1934,o.344, l.10;£)Hamburgerale,May1929,o.413, r.16.50,I.9; o)De Nanteuiloll.,No.498, r.16.24,I.xxxi;t)Glasgow,unter oll., ol.ll, p. 99,No.1,gr.15.75;)Ratto ale,Apr. 927, o.2523,r.16.33,Llxiii;)Cianiale, 920,o.139,I. ii; r) artwigoll.,Santamariaale,March910, o.822,r. 6.30,I.xv;r) Helbingale,Oct.1927,o.3138,r. 15.95,L59;v-<p)mericanumismaticociety,r. 6.01nd 16.51.

Year 117-116 .C.29. Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding,utwith border fpellets.Rev. BA2IAEQ2onr., ANTIOXOT on1. Eagle

to1. n thunderbolt.n1.field, In r. field, ^P.Paris,No.1385,r. 13.80,LATEIV.

Year 116-115 . C.30. Phoenician idrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1.field,M. In

r. field, qP.a)Paris, o.1392,r. .85, Lxxiv, 4;ß Newell,r.6.75,LATEV.

31. Phoenician etradrachmObv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n 1.field, T. In

r. field,qP.Paris,No.1391,r.13.25,LATEIV.





UndatedCoinageYears117-115 .C.

32.AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothe receding,utwith illetorder.Rev BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOTntwo ines nr.,

EIII<$AN0Y2on1. Zeusdraped,tanding,oldingstar noutstretched., ndresting.uponceptre. n1.field,M Thewholeurroundedy laurel reath.

ct-ß)Naville aleX,June 925, os.1405, 406,r,16.42, 6.53,l.54;7)Schlessingerale11, eb.1934,No.343,gr. 15.60,l. 12;ô)NavillealeXV,July1930,No.1084,r. 16.50,l.38; e)Glasgow,unterColl., ol. ll, p.100,No.5,gr. 6.23;)Helbingale,Jan. 1930,No.333,gr. 16.20, l. 13,PLATEIV;f) Newell,r. 16.50,

Year 115-114. C.33.Phoenicianetradrachm

Obv Similaro the preceding,ut the bordersdotted.

Re . BA2IAEQ2onr., ANTIOXOTon1. Eaglestandingo1.upon thunderbolt.n 1.field, T. Inr. field, qP.

Paris, o.1396,r. 3.85,I.xxiv, 5, LATE V.

Year 114-113. C.34.Phoenicianidrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, f. In

r. field,4P (the hetaasbeen eçut ver precedingeta).

London,LATEV.





UndatedCoinageYears115-113 . C.

35. AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothe receding,utwith illetorder.Rev BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOTntwo ines n r.,

EmÂNOTSon 1. Zeus,draped, tandingo 1.,holdingtar n outstretched.,resting.uponceptre.In1.field, T r ATr AT.Thewholeurroundedylaurelwreath.

a)London,o.13, r. 16.52; ) Paris,No.1420,r.16.50; 7)Newell,r. 15.12;ô) Newell,r. 15.87;c)Newell,r. 16.54;)Newell,r.16.71;)Newell,r.16.57,LATEV;rj)Naville aleX,June 925,No.1408,r. 16.27,I.54;6)NavillealeX,June 925,No.1407, r. 16.70,I. 54;1)Rhousopoulosoll.,HirschaleXIII,May1905,o.4473,r.15.30,I. vi;k) chlessingerale13, eb.1935,o.1476,r. 5.10,I.53;X)Cahnale60,July 928,o.105, r. 6.39,I.16;p) Eggerale,Jan.1908,No.643,gr. 16.03,I.xx;if)Ratto ale,Apr.1927,No.2521,r. 16.64,I. xiii;£)FenerlyeyColl., ggeraleXLI,Nov.1912,No.743, r.16.40,I.xx;o)PozziColl.,Naville ale, Apr.1921,o.3015,r. 6.56,I. xxxix;)Glasgow,unterColl.,Vol. ll, p. 100,No.6,gr. 16.20,I. lxix, 9;p)Eggerale,Jan. 1908,No.644,gr. 16.38,I.xx;a)Merzbacherale,Nov.1910,o.830,r. 6.39,I.14(= EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,o.770, I.xxi=Wal-cher e Moltheinoll.,No.3052,r.16.42,I.xxviii);r)Americanumismaticociety,r.16.21.

36.AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev.Similaro thepreceding.n 1. field, T. In

r. field,l>.Newell,r. 16.57,LATE V.

Grypus isposedf his too masterful other yforcing er to drink hepoison up intended or




AKE-PTOLEMAIS ANDDAMASCUS29

himself.He continuedt Ake-Ptolemaishe egularcoinageof Attic and Phoenicianetradrachms.Thesenowbearhisportrait nly. Theconnectinglinkwith ismother'soinages themagistrate,£who ignsGrypus' hoenicianetradrachmsor heremainderf the yearB4P.36The eagle, s wascustomaryt Ake-Ptolemais,s perched ponthethunderbolt. he styleand fabric re identicalwith hosefound n the oint ssuesof this mintunder herule fCleopatrand Antiochus.

Withthe yearT^P, a newmagistrate, , ap-pears, ut the style nd fabric ontinue he same.He canhardly e identical ith heTyrianM whois still ound

igningoinsnthat

ity.Themint f

Ake-Ptolemaisad by nowgrownnto so well-establishedninstitutionhat t hardlyeemsikelyit wouldgainhaveneededo calluponTyre or heloanof somepractised unctionary. nder thenewncumbent,hoeniciannd Attic etradrachmscontinueo appear n greatnumbers,he latterbeingparticularlyommon.Fromtimeto time,Phoenicianidrachmslso are struck. TheAttictetradrachmsf M maybe dividednto n earlier(No.28)anda later No.32)group y observing

that henudeZeuson thereverseuddenlyssumesdrapery.The samephenomenonccurst both hesistermints f Antioch nd Damascus.But as thetetradrachmsfAntiochre notdated, hey elpus

Onhis wnpecimen,r.Rogerseadhis ate sÇfíPC umismatichronicle4th er., ol. IX, 919,.22),utt scertainlySP,asclearlyhowny he wo thernownpeci-mensecordednderurNo. 2.




30 LATESELEUCIDMINTS IN

onlyin a generalway.37Fortunately,hose ofDamascuseardates, rom hich e earn efinitelythat Zeus donshis himationt Damascus n thecoursef heyear ^P, orbetweenctober 18 ndSeptember1 B. C. Theapparentlyntimateor-relation hichxistedetweenhe hreemints nderthe successiveeigns f Cleopatrand her sonGrypus,makest practicallyertain hat at Ake-PtolemaislsothedrapedZeus makeshisappear-anceabout 117B. C. Hence,he oinagefNo.28lasted rom 20 o117B.C.,followedythat f No.32 n 117-115. C.

In the course f theyearZIP, as thedated oinNo.31reveals,he

magistratewasrelieved

ynew fficial,neAT,who igns heremainderf thecoinageorGrypus' irst eign verAke-Ptolemais.The last datedcoin,No. 34,bears heyear0°IP,or 114-113B.C. Thesamedate s found lso oncopperoins truck yAntiochusX CyzicenustAntioch.38We knowfrom ur historicalources39that n 113B.C.,probablynthe pring ampaign-

37 rypus'irst ntiochenessueearssitsreverseypestandingthenaNewell,oc.it.,. 2, os.62-4).henollowsthe eus raniusype. f is ndrapedigure,e ossessboutasmanypecimensswe o f he tandingthenaypeibid.o.378 nd everalxampleshichaveinceurnedp).Theuc-ceedingoinsithhe rapedeusre uiteommonibid.,os.365-377).he hangeromhe udeo he rapedigureouldappear,hen,ohave akenlacebout idwaynGrypus*irstreigntAntiochirca21-113.C.),r bout17.C.88 ewell,occit., .97.»»usebius.,257,8placesheventn heourthearf he166thlympiad,r xactly13 .C.;JustinXXIX,, , tatesthat rypusadeignedorightears,hats rom21-13 .C.whenyzicenusppeared.





ingseason,Cyzicenusppearednd droveGrypusout of Antioch. Our extantcoinssuggest hatshortlyfterwardse ecured ke-Ptolemaisswell.

Thereare no known ronze oins,bearing hetypes of AntiochusVIII Grypus,whichcouldreasonablye assigned o Ake-Ptolemais.Thecity,however,pparentlyontinuedoissue mall,datedmunicipalronze iecess before. So far,only hedatesBflP, 4P,and E*IPhave urned p.Thestyle snowmuch oorer,heflans maller,flighterweight nd more arelesslyreparedhanhad beenthe case underCleopatra. Onlythe"halves"reknown,he mallestenominationiththe

yreeverseeems o

ongero havebeen oined.

ANTIOCHUSX CYZICENUSFirstReignnAke-Ptolemais,13-108. C.

UndatedCoinageYear 113-112. C.

37. AtticTetradrachmObv.Diademed,outhfulead fAntiochusXto

r. Fillet order.Rev. BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOYntwo ines n r.,4>IA0nAT0P02on1. Helmeted thenatandingo1.,holdingike noutstretched.andresting.uponshieldndspear. Inlower.field,. In 1.field,l.Thewholeurroundedy laurel reath.

a) NavillealeX,June 925,No.1475,I.58,gr.16.20; )Newell,r.16.58,LATEV.





38.AtticTetradrachmObv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similar o thepreceding,ut he igmasre-

placed y STAR.Naville aleX,June 925,No.1462,r. 16.27,L57,PLATE V.39.AtticTetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similar o thepreceding,ut n1.field,tar

aboveATbove1.Universityuseum,hiladelphia,LATEV.

40.AtticTetradrachmObv Similaro the

preceding.Rev Similarothepreceding,ut n1.field,taraboveAT. Inthe xergue,.

a) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1476,r. 15.87,Pl.58;ß)Newell,r.16.32,LATEV.41.AtticTetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding,Tonly,n1.field.a) Prof. man,Numismatichronicle4th er.,Vol.

XIX,1919,l.X,3;ß)NavillealeX,June 925, o.1474,r. 16.00,L58;7) Bernentoll.,NavillealeVII,June 924, o.1713,r.16.15,l.60; ô)London,No.9,gr. 15.58,LATEV;e)Ratto ale,Apr.1927,No.2534,r. 4.86,L xiii.

a,ßand7arefromhe ame bverseie.42.AtticTetradrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro the preceding,xcept hat n 1.

fields EP





a) DayetColl.,Piatt ale,June 925,No.32,gr.16.35,I.i; ß) London,o.7,gr. 16.36,I.xxiv, ,PLATEV.Year 112-111. C.

43.PhoenicianetradrachmObv.Similar o thepreceding,ut with dottedborder.

Rev BASIAEQS onr., ANTIOXOYon1. Eaglestandingo1.upon thunderbolt.n1.field, ; inr.field,AS.

a) Paris,No.1457,r. 13.50;ß London,No.2(PI.xxiv, ),gr. 3.82,LATEVI.44. AtticTetradrachm

Obv. Similarothe receding,utwith illet order.Rev. BASIAEÛS ANTIOXOTntwo ines n r.,«ÊIAOIIATOPOSn1.AthenasonNo.37. In 1. ield,. Thewholeurroundedy laurel reath.WalchereMoltheinoll.,No.3060,r. 14.00,I.

xxix,LATEVI.Municipal ssue

45.Trihemiobol?)Obv.Laureateheadof Apolloo r. Borderf

pellets.Rev Lyre.On1.,rfl Onr.,LAS.BerlinImhoof-Blumer,onnaiesrecquesp. 449,

No.57,Pl.J, ),gr.1.08.Year 111-110 . C.

46.PhoenicianetradrachmObv.SimilaroNo.43.Rev. Similaro No.43. In1.field, . Inr. field,

LBS.Paris,No.1458,r.13.80,LATEVI.





47.AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothe receding,utwith illetorder.Rev BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOT ntwo ines nr.,

$IA0IIAT0P02 on1. Athenas onNo.44. In1.field, . Laurelwreathround.a)London,o.8,gr.16.16,LATEVI;ß Glasgow,Hunter oll.,Vol. ll, p.104,No.1,gr.16.20.

(?)Year 110-109. C.UndatedCoinage

48.AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothe receding.n1.field, fa) Prof. manNumismatichronicle4th er.,Vol.XIX,1919,I.X,2;ß)NavillealeX,June 925, o.

1464,r. 14.89,I.58;7) Newell,r. 15.27;)Newell,gr. 16.32, LATEVI;e)R.Jamesonoll.,No.1750,gr.15.11,I. xxxix.ßand earefromhe ame bverseie.

49.AtticTetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro the preceding,ut with ornu-

copiaelongsidehe H'a) London,o.10,gr. 15.88;) Aliottee laFuýe

Coll.,Cianiale,Feb.1925, o.938, r.15.80,I.17;y)NavillealeX,June 925,No.1463,r. 15.35, I.57;ó) Newell,r. 15.75;) NewellCollignonoll.,Feuardentale,May1914,No.400,PI.xx),gr.15.63;f Newell,r. 16.37, LATEVI.Year 109-108. C.

50.PhoenicianetradrachmObv.Similarothe receding,utwithirclef ots.





Rev. BA2IAEÛ2onr., ANTIOXOT on 1.Eagleto . on thunderbolt.n 1.field, J Inr. field,AS.Circle fdots.

Paris,No.1405,r.12.80,LATE VI.Year 107-106 .C.51. Phoenician etradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev Samenscriptionnd ypeson he receding.

In 1.field,M combined ith barley-stalk.n r.field,Ç2.

London,o.4,gr. 13.61,LATEVI.

Cyzicenus,nce n possessionf Ake-Ptolemais,continuedhere heusualparalleloinagef datedPhoenician etradrachmsnd undatedAttic etra-drachms f royal ypes,aying articulartress nthe atter. These areidenticaln style nd fabricwith he ssues fhispredecessor,ut nowdisplaythe rather oolish eatures f youngCyzicenusnthe obverse,nd the standingAthena a typeespeciallyavoredy his father, idetes)on thereverse.The newssues at first igned ythe ameofficial,Af, whohad beenfunctioningt Ake-Ptolemais or he ast three ears f Grypus.Hismonograms frequentlyccompaniedy that ofasubordinate,s on thefinalssue fGrypus, o.36.In this ase,however,he ubordinate'signatures£ or2.40On most f these coins hefeaturesf

Thisigmaightaveeenookedpons date, eretnotfor he ollowingonsiderations.1)Sincehe ommencementfthe eignfGrypushe tticetradrachmsfAke-Ptolemaisreinvariablyndated.2)On heinalssuenderrypusNo. 6),





Cyzicenusreveryyouthful,lthoughhetraces fa nascent eard re visibleust in front f the earandsometimesxtendingown o the orner f thejaw.Tothis ame ssue Nos.37-41),hasbeen ddedvarietyNo.42) bearinghemonogramff Thisassociationhas beensuggested y the extremeyouthfulnessf theking's eatures. o similar,nfact, s its obverse ie to that f ome f è 's coins(cf.PLATEV, 37-38)that t requiresarefulom-parisono assure s that t is not ndeed dentical.

Fortheyear112-111. C.,weagainhave theissueNo. 43)of a datedPhoenicianetradrachm,

accompaniedy correspondingssuef heundated

Attic etradrachmNo.44). Both coinsbear thesignature , who s possiblyhe amepersonnceso active underCleopatran the mint at Ake-Ptolemais.Because f thecloseimilarityn styleandfabric etweenhese iecesnd the mmediatelyprecedingssues,hey annot ossiblye removedfrom he eries s a whole ndassignedoSycaminaor Scythopolis,s has beenproposed.They,ob-viously, orm art nd parcel f the ong eries fissueswhich manatedrom ur mint n these ast

thereadppeared,n dditiono he hief agistrate'sonogram,aletterphi) hichannotossiblye date.OnNo.7, hesigmaccupieshedenticalositionormerlyccupiedy he hi,and o lsoannoteasonablye onsidereddate.3)OnnothercoinNo.8),heigmasreplacedy star. 4)Onyet thercoinsf hisssueNos.9 nd 0)heigmaas ecomemono-gramfwhicht till emainshehieflement.ence,ehaveeveryeasono ejectheuggestionhathe lainigmahouldeconsidereds date.





years f theSeleucidynasty. Ake-Ptolemaisadevidentlyowbecome he"central"mint or heentire outhernoastal egiontill emainingnderSeleuciddomination.At this particular eriod,Cyzicenus'hold on Antiochwas demonstrablyintermittent,41nd he wasagain ndagainejectedfrom he capital by the armies f Grypus. Hecouldnot, herefore,ount n its greatmint orsteady roductionf themoney e needed obadlyin hisdesperate truggle ithhisbrother. Thathadlargelyo besupplied yhisprovincial intsofDamascus42ndAke-Ptolemais,orwe knowhattheprincipaleatofhispowerwas in thesouth.43The burden f

coinageprobablyellevenmore

heavily pon hese womintswhen ne of the astSeleucidtrongholds,idon,having inallyecuredits freedom,44easedforever o coinfor Seleucidaccount.

Ofnecessity,yzicenuspparently ranted ur-ther rivilegeso themunicipalityfAke-Ptolemais,for n heyearAS 112-1 1B.C.)iteven ommencedto coin mall ilver iecesNo.45)with utonomoustypes. The city fathers efrained,r were con-strained,romnscribinghe oinswithmore han

modestmonogram,ndthey ontinuedheSeleucidsystemfdating. It isinterestingofind n thesecoins,ndnotablyn the etradrachmsos.43,46,50 and51,the udden ppearancef theEgyptian41 ewell,oc.it.,p. 6-105.«Seebelow,p. 0-72.43f. evan,oc.it., .255.44rit. us. atalogue,hoenicia,. v.





sign L)foryear, recedingheSeleucidate. Sel-eucidmints, ndeed,had rarely mployedt, butSidonndTyrebothdefinitelydoptedt on theirautonomousoinsthe moment heyhadobtainedtheir reedom.

In thefollowingearBS(l11-1 0B.C.),wepos-sess a furtheroinagefdatedPhoenicianNo.46)andundated ttic etradrachmsNo.47),nowignedbyA. To this ameyear,Rouvierwouldssignhisbronze oin of Ake-Ptolemais,o. 971,withthereverseype f lyre.The coins now nthe uthor'scollection,ut the etters whichts former wnerdoubtfullyeadas SBaresomething oreike E,ofwhich heE at least s certain. t would

ppeartobea magistrate'signaturendnot date.Nos.48-49,igned y themagistrate f would

seem o havebeenthefinalAttic oinaget Ake-Ptolemais fCyzicenus.Theportrait hich heybear s a littlemoremature han ny we haveyetencountered,hile hebeard s morepronouncedand extends o the point f the chin. Asyet nocorrespondingated Phoenicianetradrachmsaveappeared.Thecornucopiae,longsidehemono-gram n No.49,mayperhapsetaken s an indic-

ationof our mint,45ather han a magistrate'ssymbol,s symbols,n general, o not otherwiseaccompany46hemonogramsn the SeleucidssuesofAke-Ptolemais.

46he ornucopiaes the onstanteverseypef he argestdenominationf hemunicipalronzeiecestruckuringheprecedingoinage.*• he nlyxceptionsre he arley-stalkehindheaglenthe etradrachmsfAlexanderand tolemyI seebove,p.





Fortheyears 09-108nd107-106. C.we gainhave Phoenicianetradrachms. hey bear theeagle upona thunderbolt,o characteristicf thePhoenicianilverssues f ourmint, nd continuefromNos.43,45and46the use of the Egyptianyear sign (L) precedinghedate. Theirgeneralstyle ndfabricre he sual nes or ke-Ptolemais,while hemagistrate's onogramnNo.51 s com-binedwith barley-stalk,eminiscentf thesameplantwhichccompaniesheeagleon thecoins fthis ityunderAlexander andPtolemy I. Themint f Nos.50 and 51 must hereforeertainlyeAke-Ptolemais.o.50 has beenssigned yBabe-

Ion toGrypus,47utbothprofilend expressionf

theportrait eadaretypicallyhose f Cyzicenus,asacomparisonith he emainingoinsnPLATEVIwillreadilyhow. The characteristicawk-likebeakof Grypuss not apparent.Tracesof thecheek-beard,otypical f Cyzicenust thisperiodofhis ife, an ustbe madeout nfront f the ar,inspite f hefact hat ome f hemetal asflakedawayfrom his ery pot ntheuniquepecimenfNo.50 n thePariscabinet.

Cyzicenusannotmuchonger avebeen ctual

masternAke-Ptolemais,s Josephus48ells sthat2-3),he arley-stalkombinedithmonogramnNo.1,ndthe tar nNos. 8-40. othymbols,owever,re loselys-sociatedith ke-Ptolemais:heornucopiaeavingornumberofyearseen seds the everseypefmany unicipalronzecoins,hilehe tar ymbolizeshe ioscurihoracehe b-versesf hoseameoins.47 ois eyrieetc.,p. lv. nd 83,o. 405.«Antiquities,III, 2,.





soon after he new ruler f the Jews,AlexanderJannaeus,ad secured hepowern 104-103 . C.he aidsiegeo Ake-Ptolemaisnanattempt oaddit to hiskingdom. Apparentlyhecitizens ouldexpect ofurther rotectionither rom rypus rfrom yzicenus.ForJosephusays:"whileAnti-ochus hilopatori.e.,Grypus),nd AntiochushowascalledCyzicenus,eremaking ar gainst neanother, nd destroyingneanother'srmies, hepeoplef Ptolemais ould have no assistanceromthem . . . nor indeed had the kings uchafriendshipor hem s that they houldhopeforany advantagefrom them." Thus, Josephus

plainlyffers sthe

xplanationhywe

possesso

further eleucid coinagest Ake-Ptolemaisfterthe No.51 heredescribed.TheSyriankingsnolongeruled ver hecity, nd Seleucid ominationandcoinageadalike ome otheir nd.





IIDAMASCUS

Damascus irstomesntonumismaticrominencewith hecapture f thecitybyAlexanderseneralParmenio1nd the establishmenthere,oon fter,of a very ctivemint.2 This activity ontinuedunderAlexander'smmediateuccessors. There-after he mintwent ntoa temporaryecline,rrather, n our present tate of knowledge,t hasprovedmpossibleosegregateny Seleucid ssuesdown oAntiochusII,whichouldwith ertaintybeassignedoDamascus. Ptolemaicssues or hecity re alsorare, r quiteuncertain.3 hint s tothe reasons or hismaybe found n pp.95-6ofProf.Rostovtzeff'saravan itieswhere esays,nspeakingf theHellenisticeriod,At thisdatenomentions madeof Palmyra;ll that s knownsthat heperiodwas notone ofgreat rosperityorDamascus . . . This fact s curiouswhenwerememberhat he roads eadingcross heSyriandesert o the ea were horter ndthereforeheaperthan thoseto the north, et the reasonwhytheSeleucidsbandoned hemsobvious.They ed toPhoeniciay wayof Damascus,ndat that timePhoeniciawasin thehands f the Ptolemies,hoalso hadcontrol f Damascus.. . Thiswas the

iArrianI,11.*Müller,umismatique'AlexandreeGrand,p.287-9,os.1338-46.*J.N.Svoronos,àNo^to-paxxoupáxouç&rÏToXe/tator,o.1289.





situationn the third nd at the beginningf thesecondcenturies . C., whenthe Seleucidswerestrong nd whilst hey ontinuedocontrolMeso-potamiand ran. Thecapture rom hePtolemiesof Phoeniciand Palestiney AntiochusII musthavebroughtertain hanges,nd t s possiblehattrade ia theSyrian esertwasthen esumed,husbringingo Damascus newperiod f prosperity."It is certain hatfrom his ime n,thecity radu-allyrevived o become ncemore he most mpor-tant nland entre f radendgovernmentf ll theSyrianhinterland. t is not, however, ntil thereign f Antiochus II that ts coin ssuesbecome

sufficientlybvious orus to

recognizehemwith

certainty.But from hat timeforwardhey on-tinue, lmostwithoutnterruption,ntil he veryendof eleucidule nd the cquisitionfDamascusbytheNabataeans.

ANTIOCHUSVII138-129 .C.

Year 138B. C.52.Tetradrachm

Obv.Diademedead fAntiochusII tor. Filletborder.Rev BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOTntwo ines nr.,

EYEPrETOYon1. Helmetedthena tandingo1.,holding ike n heroutstretched.,resting .uponshield.In inner .field, In theexergue, OP.Thewholeurroundedya laurelwreath.

Newellfrom aghdad),r.16.55,LATE VII.




AKE-PTOLEMAISAND DAMASCUS 43

YEAR38-137. C.53.Tetradrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.n1.field, aboveA. Inthe xergue,OP.NavillealeX,June 925,o.1282,r.16.27,I.48,PLATE VII.

54. DrachmObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev.Samenscriptionson he receding. inged

Nikedvancingo1., oldingreathnher utstretchedr. Inouter . ield, aboveW

Newellfrom amascus),r. .89, LATEVII.Year 137-136. C.

55.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro No. 53. In1.field, EabovePM.

Inthe xergue,OP.London,o.13, r. 6.78,I.xx, ,PLATEVII.

YEAR 35-134. C.56.Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothe receding.Rev. Similarothe receding.n1.field, Eaboveft/. In the xergue,OP.a) London,o.14,gr. 15.80; Newell,r. 15.20;

y)Paris, o.1112,r.16.50,LATE VII.Year 134-133. C.

57.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.





Rev Similarothe receding.n 1.field, EaboveW. In the exergue,OP.

a) Cambridge,eakeColl.;ß)London,o.15,gr,15.01; )Fenerly ey Coll.,Egger aleXLI,Nov.1912,No.723,gr. 16.52,l. xix; S)Paris,No. 1117(DeLuynesoll.,No.3383,I.cxxiv),r.16.45.58. Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, above

&. Inthe xergue,OP.London,o.16, r. 16.20,LATE VII.

Year 133-132 . C.59. Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, E. Inthe xergue,IP.

a) NewellAliottee aFuýeColl.,Cianiale,Feb.1925,No.890,Pl.16),gr. 16.29; Newell,r. 16.40,PLATE VII.60.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev.Similaro thepreceding.n 1. field, . In

the xergue,IP.Paris, o.1123,r. 5.65,LATE VII.

Year 132-131. C.61.TetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.RevģSimilaro the preceding.n 1.field,AE.

In theexergue,I1P.a) Newell,r. 15.77;) Newell,r. 16.05,LATE

VII;7)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 79,No.1,gr.16.09.





62.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n 1. field, R.In

the xergue,IIP.Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol.Ill, p. 79,No.2,gr.16.46,I. xviii,3, LATEVIII.Year 131-130. C.

63.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n1.field, i r

Inthe xergue,IIP.a) NavillealeX,June 925,No.1288,r. 16.55,PI.48; ß London,o.17,gr. 16.03,LATEVIII.aandßarefromhe amebverseie s 62.

64.TetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1.field,fif In

the xergue,IIP.a)Cianiale,Oct.1920,o.104,I.3;ß)Paris, o.

1128,r. 16.45;y) aris,No.1129,r. 16.65= deLuynesoll.,No.3385,I.cxxiv),LATEVIII.a andyarefromhe ame bverseie.

Year 130-129. C.65.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.

Rev.Similarothe receding.n 1.field, etfboveA. Inthe xergue,OP.

DeNanteuiloll.,No.496,r. 6.55,Lxxxi,LATEVIII (themoldfrom he obverseiewasdamagedbeforeasting).From he ame bverse ie s No. 64a, y.





66. TetradrachmObv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, above

A. Inthe xergue,IP.NewellNavillealeX,June 925, o.1289,I.48),gr. 16.54,LATEVIII.From he amebverseie sNo. 65.

Antiochus IIre-openedhemint t Damascusnthevery ear AOP= 139-8B.C.)of his rrival nSyria nd his seizure f the power rom he hatedusurper, ryphon. Themintnowbeganto coinsteadily,ndwepossessts ssues or very ear utone ofAntiochus*eign.That lacuna sprobablydueto chance,s theyearly oinageeemsnot tohave beenover-large.With the exceptionf thefirst ear AOP),the ssues re supervisedy twomagistrateshosemonogramsppear together nthe oins rom ear OPthrough OP. Thereafter,from IP through IIP,the coinagesdivided ntotwogroups,he onesigned y a singlemagistrate,theother yhisassociate.In thefinal ear f thereign rilP), the nitials f twomagistratesgainappear ogethern eachcoin,ndcontinueo do sounder hesucceedingeigns.

In silver,Damascus coinedonly Attic tetra-drachmsnddrachms,mployinghe ame ypessusedat Antioch,4. e., a standing thena or helargedenomination,wingedNike for hesmall.Thoughhetypes re the same, he ssues f Da-mascus areclearlydifferentiatedrom he more

«Newell,heeleucidoinagefAntioch,p. 3-81.





prolific nes of Antioch y certainpeculiarities.In thefirst lace, hey eardates,while heAntio-chene ilver ssuesdonot. Yearbyyearthey resupervisedytwomagistratesnly,6 hile t Anti-och becausef he izeofher ssues)wholealaxyofmagistratesfficiate.urthermore,or hegreaterpart f he ime,he atter's ssues redistinguishedeither ythepresencef themonogram,, placedin the eft-handield bove analpha for hemintname,Antioch) or by the alphaplacedbeneathother magistralmonograms.At Damascus,wefind nly magistrates* onogramr initial. Thestyle f urDamasceneoins lsodifferentiateshemfrom hoseof Antioch.

Generallypeaking,t is

heavier, lumsier,nd lesscompact.With theexceptionf the first ssue, heking'sheadis oflower elief,nd not so wellmodelled.Theflans,also, end obe morepreadhan hosef he apital.These,ndother ifferences,restrikinglybviouswhen hetwo series re placedsideby side andcompared.

Granted, hen, hatNos.52-66form compactgroup ythemselves,learly ifferentiatedromheissues fAntioch,ow o weknow hat heymust e

assignedoDamascus?The first tep s oneof lim-ination. The shrunkenerritorieshatthroughoutthegreater art fhisreigncknowledgedhe wayof Antiochus II, comprised nlyCilicia,NorthSyria includingeleucis, ieria, nd the cantons

•Inthe oursef he ear 0P, specialssueNo.8)wasbroughtut,ignedy woxtrafficials,hichhusivess ourmagistratesctiven hatne ear.





to the east),thecoastaldistricts f PhoeniciandPalestine,nd, finally,nner yria,whichwe shallconvenientlyesignates Coele-Syria.n the re-organizationarried ut byAntiochus II after hechaosengenderedy the nternecinearsbetweenAlexander andDemetriusI, and betweenhelatter nd Antiochus I and Tryphon,we senseseveralhangeshathad come othe oinagesf hekingdom. irst, stablemintwasprovidedor hedistrict fCilicia tTarsus6 hich ow, or hefirsttime, ommencedegularlyo coin etradrachmsnddrachms earing n their reverses he typesofSandan.7Secondly,hedistrict fNorth yriawas

sufficientlyurnishedith he

necessaryoin

bythe

great entralmint t theroyal apitalofAntioch.Themonetaryemands fPhoeniciand Palestinewere,of course,welltakencareof by the veryactivemints t Sidon nd Tyre,followedater, swe haveseen,by that at Ake-Ptolemais. nthiscoastal istrict,ndhere lone,moneyfPhoenicianweight ascoined,upplementedrom ime otimeby royal ssuesroughtuton the ccustomedtticstandard. There thus remains nsupplied ithsuitableentralmint nly he mportantistrict f

Inner yriawith ts greatmetropolisf Damascus.To that mint lone are we logicallyustifiednassigningo continuous coinages that repre-sentedby Nos. 52-66.Finally, s we shallsoon

•Fromimeo ime,mall,upplementaryssues ereroughtout tMallusnd eleudan he alycadnus.*Cf. ggerale LI,Nov.912,os.25,32.NavillealeX,June925,os.370,387,442-50,487-94.





learn, hese oins re but the beginningf a longseries f ssueswhich eaddirectlynto, nd even-tually ndwith, uch oinssNos. 115-153.It haslongbeenknown8hat hese atter ouldhavebeencoined t Damascusnly.

Tothegroupf oins escribedere, herehouldperhaps lso be addedthe undated etradrachmwhichppearedn the NavilleSaleX, June1925,No.1304,L49. In ts tylendgeneralppearance,the coin s not unlike ur Nos.59-66,but as itbearsnodateand as the ettersn ts field re neverfound n thecertain amascenessues,t has notbeenncluded.

Doubtless,oyalronzeoinswere lsostruck t

Damascusto accompanyhe silver ssues,but atpresent ehavenot ufficientata vailableomakedefinitettributionsossible,r evendesirable.Avisit o themuseumt Damascus,nd earchmongthebazaarsf hat ity,mighteadtousefulesults.

DEMETRIUS IISecondeignnDamascus,29-126/5. C.

Year 129B. C.

67. TetradrachmObv Beardedead fDemetriusI tor. Thehairat theback f heheadnd of hebeardsnot urly.Fillet order.

jRev.BASIAEÛSAHMHTPIOYn wo inesnr.,©EOTNIKATOOSin woinesn1. Zeus, aked o

8Renéussaud,ournalsiatiqueMars-Avril,904,p. 99-200.





waist, eated o 1. ondiphros,olding ike n out-stretched. andresting .upon ceptre. n inner .field, AorAN. Inthe xergue,OP.

a) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1354,I. 52(=White-Kingoll., chulmanale, ept.1904,No.606,PI.vi),gr. 6.67; )London= Bunburyoll.,othebySale,Dec.1896,o.545, I.v = Numismatichronicle3rdSer.,Vol.Ill, 1883,p. 100-102,I.vi, 4), gr.16.46;) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1341,I. 51(= NumChron,4th er.,Vol.XII, 1912,. 254,No.23,PI.X, 11)gr. 16.43;Ô)Newell,r. 16.51,LATEVIII; e)Cons.Weber oll.,Hirsch aleXXI,Nov.1908,No.4110, I.liii, r. 16.68.

a,ß, 7,andôarefromhe amebverse ies,ßand7are lsofromhe ame everseie. It isobvioushatontheBunburypecimen,heking's eardhasbeentooledwaynmodernimes.

Year 129-128 . C.68.Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding,ut hehair s morecurly.

Rev. Similarothepreceding.eneathhe hrone,Inthe xergue,IIP.

a) Newell,r. 16.66;) Universityuseum,hila-delphia= Merzbacherale,Nov.1910,No.829,gr.16.63,I.14);7)Cumberland-Clarkoll.,othebyale,Jan.1914,No.280, r. 16.30,I.viii;5)London,o.12,gr. 16.43,LATEVIII; e)AmericanumismaticSociety,r. 5.90.

ßand5arefromhe amepair fdies;€ s fromhesamebverseut nother everseie.69. Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro the preceding,ut X beneath

throne.





a)Hirsch aleXXXIV,May1914,No.505,PL xvi(= Hirsch aleXXXIII,Nov.1913,o.911, Lxxi),gr.16.25;)EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,o.767, r.16.06,Lxxi;7) Locker-Lampsonoll.,No.348,gr.16.43,l.xxvi;)Hamburgerale,June, 930, o.429,gr. 16.15,L14;c)Newell,r. 16.33,LATEVIII;f)London,o.13, r.16.58.

a, ß,7 arefrom he ame bverse ie. 8andearefromnotherbverse ie.

Year 128-127 .C.70.Tetradrachm

Obv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.eneathhrone,

Inthe xergue,nP.a) NavillealeXVI,July 933, o.1449,r. 16.57,

PL48;ß) Naville aleX, June 925,No.1344,r.16.34,L51;7)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol. ll,No.9330,r.16.42,L341, ,PLATE X.a, ßand7arefromhe ame bverseie.

71. TetradrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro the preceding.n 1.field,KN.

Beneathhrone,W. Inthe xergue,IIP.EggeraleXLVI,May1914,o.2464,r. 6.65,L

xl,PLATE X.Year 127-126 . C.

72.TetradrachmObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.nouter .field, H

or zsjBeneathhrone,or£ Inthe xergue,TP.a)Glendiningale,March931,o.1161,L xxx=

NavillealeX,June 925, o.1347,l.51),gr.16.12;ß)Newell,r.16.58,LATEX;7)Aliotte e aFuýeColl., iani ale,Feb.1925,o.899, r. 16.10,I.16;





ô)Hamburgerale98,Apr. 933,o.843, r.16.35,l.26;c)NavillealeV,June 922, o.968, l.xxxiv=SchlesingerGuzmanoll., othebyale,July 914,No.117, l.vi= Butleroll., othebyale,July 911,No.265, l.vi),gr.16.66;)Bernentoll.,Naville aleVII,June 924,No.1699,l. 59(= O'HaganColl.,Sothebyale,May1908,No.674,Pl.xi),gr. 16.60;rt Newell,r. 16.11,LATEIX;rj)Eggerale,Jan.1908,o.627, r. 6.51,l.xix; )Naville aleX,June1925,o.1345,r.16.68,l.51;)NavillealeX,June1925,No.1346,r. 16.65,l.51;#c)obinBushColl.,Sothebyale,Nov.19C2,o.244, l. i.

a,ß,yarefromhe ame bverse ie. e-i, nclusive,are from nother bverse ie. ô and k arefromsingle airof dies.73. Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding,utoffinertyle.Rev.Similar o thepreceding. etween he feetofZeus,A. Beneathhe hrone, . In theexergue,

ÇIIP.London,o.15, r.16.57,LATEX.

74.DrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.hesameettersn

the ame ositions,utnodaten he xergue.a) Jamesonoll.,Vol.IV, No.2610, r. 3.84,PI.cxxxvii= Naville aleX,June 925,No.1355,L

52);ß)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p.87,No.5,PI. xviii,4,gr.3.83.PLATEIX;y) Newell,r. .04.

Year 126-125. C.75.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothe receding,ut tyle ot uite ogood.

Rev Similaro thepreceding.nouter .field, HBeneathhe hrone,t. In the xergue,nP.





a) Electrotype;) NavillealeI, Apr.1921,No.3005,r. 6.34,I. xxxix,LATE X.

a andßarefromhe ame bverseie.

76. TetradrachmObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n outer .field,

aboveKH Beneathhrone, Inthe xergue,P.London,o.16, r.16.52,LATEIX.

77. TetradrachmObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.nouter .field,

above* . Beneathhrone, . Inthe xergue,P.London= Bunburyoll., othebyale,Dec.1896,No.

548,I.v),gr. 6.39,

LATEX.Under emetriusI, nowreturnedrom arthia,

the mint f Damascusontinuedo coin ts usualdatedtetradrachms.heybeginn TOP,whichsAntiochus ITslastyear s well s thefirst ear fDemetriusTs secondreign n Coele-Syria.Themagistraletters, elta nd nu, are found n theissues f bothkings. Theycontinue oappearnthesucceedingear,AIIP,but now in monogramform. n the ameyear AIIP),they resucceeded

bya

monogramomposedf the two

etters,si

and delta As these etters ogetherannot ossiblyrepresenthe nitials f a single ame,nd as theyarearrangedn the amemanners the precedingdeltandnu which,hemselves,ust epresentwopersonss shown y comparingos.66 and67), tseemsbvioushatksi nddeltamust lsoconstitutethe nitial etters f twoseparate ames.During




54 LATE SELEUCID MINTS IN

the short econd eign f DemetriusI at Antioch(129-128B. C.),several f his issues thereweresigned y heetters, andA,orS and0.9 Alexan-der I Zebina eizedAntioch,nd himself egan ocointhere n AIIP,employingagistratesntirelydifferentrom hosefound nderDemetrius.10twouldeem uite ikely, herefore,hatS (at least)had fledfromAntiochwithhis master, nd con-tinued o workforhimat Damascusfor he re-mainderf AIIP(No. 69)andthe followingIIP(No. 70).Whetherhedeltawhichccompaniesisletter t Damascusepresentshe amepersonwhohadalso officiatedithhim t Antioch,r s theAwho

previouslyppearst

Damascus,n Nos.65-

68, t would edifficulto determine.n anycase,thesameetter, eltaagainappearsn ÇIIP(Nos.73-74),now ccompaniedyanomegawhichmaybe onlythe secondetter f his namebut moreprobablyndicatesnother agistrate.hedrachm,No.74,hadpreviouslyeen ssignedo Antiochythewriter,11ho t that timehadfailed oobservethat t must lmost ertainlyelongwith he etra-drachm, o.73. The atter's ttributionoDamas-cus spracticallyssured ythepresencefa date

in its exergue, practice otfollowedn its silverissuest Antioch fter hereign f AntiochusI.Certainlyt cannothavebeen truck t Antioch sAlexander,otDemetrius,uled heren thisyear.Thestyle f thedie-cuttingntheportraitsnNos.

•Newell,oc.it., p. 2-84,os. 20-323.iobid.,p.84-89."Ibid.,.83,No.25.





73-74 sfar better han s customarilyound tDamascus,nd morenearly pproacheshe excel-lencef theAntiochenessues f heperiod.Can tbe that somedie-engraver,oo,hadescapedfromAntiochnd oinedDemetriusnDamascus?

ThroughoutheyearsEIIPand ÇIIP,alongsidethese etradrachmsnd drachmsmarked y ettersrather hanbymonograms,ome ther oinsNos.71-2),which earrealmonograms,ne ntheouter1.field,heother eneath hethrone.Apparently,the mint t Damascuswasnowgoing hroughperiod f unusual ctivity. The reasons not farto seek. It had tosupplyor emetriusheplace fthe ostmint t the

apitalf Antioch. n

EIIP,as

we have een bove, hemint t Ake-Ptolemaisasalsoreopened,nd great oiningctivity egunnorder o assist etfurtherhefinancesfDemetrius.

At Damascus,hecoinageontinuesntoZIIP,when thirdmagistrate's onograms added tothe field f thecoin Nos. 76-7).This s the astyear fDemetrius'eign.The disastrousampaignagainstthe usurperAlexander roceededuntilDemetriusufferedisfinal efeat efore hewallsof Damascus,robablyn thespring f 125B. C.

Hefled o Ake-Ptolemais,nly o be turned waybythe xasperatedleopatrand to meet is deathonshipboardntheharbor f Tyre.

Anaccompanyingronze oinaget Damascusmay be represented y the type describednBabelon,Nos.1189-92,l.XXII,10 ndtheBritishMuseumatalogue,l.XXI,11. Theknownpeci-mens realldatedAIIP. Their abricsSyriannd





the tyle otunlikehat f the ilver oins escribedabove. Certaintyn the matter an hardly e at-taineduntilmoreprovenanceecords hanare atpresentvailable o thewriteranbesecured.

ALEXANDERII ZEBINAReignnDamascus,25-123 . C.

Year 125B.C.78. Tetradrachm

Obv Diademedhead of Alexandero r. Filletborder.

Rev. BA2IAEQ2on r., AAEEANAPOYon 1.Zeus, akedowaist,eatedo1.uponhrone,oldingNikenhis utstretched. andresting.uponceptre.In outer .field, . Beneathhrone,íí In theexergue,P.

a) Bunburyoll., othebyale,Dec.1896, o.557,PI.v,gr.16.26; )Naville aleX,June 925, o.1359,PI. 52 = EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,o.719, I.xx),gr.16.31;) Newell,r.15.77,LATEX;ô) Paris,No.1274,r. 16.10,I.xxiii, .

Year 125-124 .C.79. Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similarothe receding.n 1. ield, or .Beneathhrone, l In the xergue,IIP.a) Eggerale,Jan. 908, o.630, r. 16.49,I.xix;ß)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol. ll, No.9334,gr.16.63,I.341,8,PLATEX; y) Paris,No.1275,r.14.40; ) Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 91,No.

1,gr. 16.32,I.lxix, ; e)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol.Ill, No.9333,gr. 16.23,I. 341,7;F)Newell,gr.15.42.





ß, d- are from he sameobverseie,butonthereverse f e themonogrameneathhe hroneiffersslightlynform,ndthedate s off lan.

80. DrachmObv.Similarothepreceding.Rev. BA2IAEQ2on he .,AAEEANAPOT nhe

1. Doubleornucopiaeoundwith diadem.n nner1.field, . In nner .field,ûÎ In the xergue,IIP.

Newell,r.3.91, LATEX.Year 124-123. C.

81. TetradrachmObv SimilaroNo.78.Rev Similaro No.78. In outer .field,9f Be-

neath hrone,di Inthe xergue,IIP.AliotteelaFuýeColl.,Cianiale,Feb.1925,No.904,r. 6.07,l.16, LATEX.82..Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev,Similaro thepreceding.n outer .field,$f

Beneathhrone, or RS Inthe xergue,IIP.a)Aliottee aFuýeColl.,iani ale, eb.1925,o.

905, r.16.10,l.16;ß)NavillealeX,June 925,o.1360,r.16.08,l.52,PLATEX.83. Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.nouter .field,âf.

Beneathhrone,i orW In the xergue,IIP.a)NavillealeX,June 925, o.1361,r.16.30,I.

52;ß) Schlessingerale13,Feb.1935,No.1466,r.16.30,I. 52;7) Electrotype;) Newell,r. 16.07,PLATEX; e)Paris,No.1276,r. 15.45;)Glasgow,Hunter oll.,Vol. ll, p.92,No.2,gr.15.18.





Year 123-122 . C.84.Tetradrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n outer . field, .Beneathhrone,3 In the xergue,IP.a)Walchere Moltheinoll.,No.3043,r.16.30,I.

xxviii;)NavillealeX,June 925,o.1362,r. 6.43,PI.52;7) Newell,r. 16.57,LATEX; 5)Paris,No.1277,r. 6.00;) Newell,r. 6.67/r) mericanumis-maticociety,r. 5.90.

7, eandÔare from he ame bverseutdifferentreverseies.85.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.

Rev.Similarothepreceding.nouter .field,W.Beneathhrone, Inthe xergue,P.a) Newell,r. 16.10,LATEX;ß)Yakountchikoff,

Unpublishedoinsin Russian),. 41,No.105,PI.viii, r.14.56.

For three ullyears he mint f Damascus,owproceededo strike oinsfor ts new master. Instyle, abric nd arrangementf design hey reexactlyimilaro those fDemetrius.As isnaturalenough,he ssuesf thevictor tart ut under he

auspicesf twonewofficialshocontinuen office

to theyear IIP. At that time, hemonograme-neath he hroneschangednd thenew ncumbentcontinueshroughhe remainderf the yearandinto henext. Just efore lexander'sinalssue tDamascus,this magistrates replacedby a newman(No. 82).Throughoutheseyears, he chiefmagistratewhosemonogramppearsn the outer





1. field)remains he same,since and £f areprobably ut variants f one monogram.n theyear4P, the ssuescome oanabrupt nd,for n123-2B. C. Alexanderasutterly efeatedytheyoung ntiochusIII,and committeduicide.

Wemay possiblyave anaccompanyingronzecoinagendicatedythepiecentheHunter ollec-tion,Vol.Ill, p. 95,No.40,Pl.LXIX, 12,whosemonogram,fif,snotunlike hat f he hiefmagis-trate igningur ilver oins.The atter isplaywoslightly ariant tylesof workmanship. ne isquitegood(Cf.PLATEX, Nos.78-80,82),butcommencingithyear0IIP, is gradually eplaced

bya

stylewhosehief haracteristicsre

veryow

relief, lat abric,arelessnduninterestingrawing(cf.PLATEX, Nos.83-85).

CLEOPATRAAND ANTIOCHUSVIIIReignnDamascus22-120. C.

Year 122-121. C.86. Tetradrachm

Obv.Diademed ustsf CleopatrandAntiochus

VIIIjugateo r. Fillet order.Rev. BA2IAI22H2KAE0IIATPA2 OEASinthree ines n r., KAI BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOTnthreeines n1. Zeus, aked owaist,nthronedo1.,holding ike n outstretched. andresting .uponsceptre.nouter .field, . Beneathhrone, . Inthe xergue,*IP.

London,LATEX.






Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.nouter .field,#Beneathhrone, Inthe xergue,^P.a) Paris,No.1359,r.16.45;)Burel oll., euard-entSale,June 913,No.343,PI.vi;7) Butler oll.,

Sothebyale,July 911,No.270, I.vi;8)Cahnale65,Oct.1929,No.261,PL8 (= Cahn ale60,July1928,No.1049,I.16),gr. 16.55;)Schlessingerale13,Feb.1935,No.1470,r. 15.70,I.52;F)NavilleSaleX, June 1925,No. 1380,gr. 16.34,PI. 53;f) London,o.3,gr. 6.26;f) enerlyeyColl.,ggerSaleXLI,Nov.1912,o.736,r. 6.27,I.xx;0)Newell(Aliottee aFuýe oll., iani ale, eb.1925,o.914,Pl.16),r. 6.68,LATE XI(Thebversesf 7 nd88havebecomenterchangedn the plate);0 Glasgow,Hunteroll., ol. ll, p. 97,No.2,gr. 5.38.7, 5, €, , refromhe ame bverse ie. $*, 7nd0arefromnotherbverseie.88.Tetradrachm /

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.nouter .field, .

Beneathhrone,N. Inthe xergue,̂ P.a) Paris,No.1360,r. 15.50;ß NavillealeX,June 925,No.1381,r. 16.44,I.53;7)HamburgerSale,June 930,No.851, r. 16.38,I.25;Ô)Newell,gr.16.45,LATEXI(Theobversesf87 and88havebecomenterchangedntheplate.).7andÕrefromhe amebverse ie.NoDamascenessues or leopatrandAntiochus

VIII are yet known orthe year<IP, probablytheir irst nthat ity. It maybethat hedefeat fAlexandernd the acquisitionf Damascuscametoo ate n thatSeleucidear o allowtime or hepreparationfdies ndthe oiningfmoney.Even





the ssues fA^Pseem oberare, sonly ne peci-menhas so far beenrecorded. n contrast, heissues or *3Prewellrepresentedoday.

Thetypes re the ame s employedt bothAke-PtolemaisndAntioch,ut the tyle spoorerndverysimilar o that found n the ast issues fAlexanderor amascus. Otheramasceneeculi-arities re alsonoticeable,uch s the date in theexergue,nd thepresencenthe1.field nd beneaththe throne f twocomplicated onograms.t isinterestingo note hat heonebeneathhethroneon Nos. 86 and 87 isabsolutelydentical ith hemonogrameen n the samepositionn the tetra-drachm o.1 ofAke-Ptolemais. s this s the

nlyoccurrencef monogrameneathhe hronenthecoinsof that particularmintduring hereign fCleopatra,hepiecemay ctually avebeen truckat Damascuswhere here s always monogrambeneath hethrone. n that asewe must upposethat the official£,whosignedo many ssues tAke-Ptolemais,ad beentemporarilyransferredinorder oreorganizeheDamascusmint ndstartit coining orhis mistress.He signed he firstissue No.19) only, nd then eturnedo hisown

mintwhere eagainfind ismonogramnthe oinsofyearsB^P andPIP. On the otherhand, hestyleof No. 19seemsmore n keepingwiththeissues ofAke-Ptolemaishan t is with thoseofDamascus.Ifso,then t wasprobably*whoeftthePhoenician intndwent o Damascus.

Damasceneronzeoins eem till o belackingfor he oint eignfCleopatrandAntiochusIII.





Of heirssuesnthebasemetal,here re ltogetherbutfive ypes nown.Oneof hesewe haveearnedemanated rom he mint t Ake-PtolemaisaboveNos.10, 11,17). Twoother ypes a: Paris,PI.XXIV, 3-4;London, l. XXIII,5. b: Paris,PI.XXIV,6; London,l. XXIII,7)certainlyelongtotheAntiochmint.12heremainingwoa:Paris,Pl.XXIV,8;London,l. XXIII,4. b: Paris,PI.XXIV,9;Hunter, l. LXIX,17)are notofSyrianbut of Cilician abric ndso,perhaps,hould e as-signedothemint t Tarsus.

ANTIOCHUS VIII

FirstReignnDamascus,20-113 .C.Year 120-119. C.89.Tetradrachm

Obv. Diademedheadof Antiochuso r. Filletborder.

Rev. BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOTntwo ines n r.fEIII<l>ANOY2n 1. ZeusUranius,ompletelyude,standingacingo1.,holdingtar noutstretched.,resting.upon ceptre. nouter .field, PaboveAN.In the exergue,^P. The wholeurroundedy alaurelwreath.

a Paris, o.1379,r.16.25,I.xxiv, 1;ß)NavilleSaleX,June 925,o.1391,r. 6.44,L53;7)NavilleSaleX,June 925,o.1392,r. 6.50,L54;5)Newell,gr. 6.49;) Newell,r. 5.93,LATEXI.ot-ere ll fromhe amebverseie.90. Tetradrachm

Obv. Similaro thepreceding.1*ewell,oc.it., p. 1-2.





Rev Similaro thepreceding,utwithAP aboveES. Date,PîP.

a)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol. ll, No.9341,r.16.46,I.342,3;ß) NavillealeX,June 925,

No.1389,r. 15.96,I.53;7) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1390,r.16.15,I.53;8)London,o.2,gr.15.94,PLATEXI; e)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 99,No.2,gr. 6.41,I. xix, 8.

a,ß and« arefromhe ame bverse ie. $ is fromthe ame bverseie s No. 89 a-e.91. Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothe receding,utwith aboveKV

DateT4P.a)Glendiningale,March931, o.1163,r.16.40,

PI.xxx;ß)Schlessingerale13,Feb.1935,No.

1472,gr.30 sic ),PI.52;7) Newell,r.16.48,LATEXI;ó)London,o.3,gr. 16.13; )Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p.99,No.3,gr. 16.10.a~yare llfromhe ame bverseie.


Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n inner .field,

above In the xergue,^P.NavillealeX,June 925,No.1395,r. 16.32,I.

54,PLATEXI.

93. TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.Rev.Similarothepreceding,utwithAPabove

ES. DateA^P.Newell,r.16.19,LATEXI.

94.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.





Rev Similar o thepreceding,utwithAPabove£T. Date,AqP.

a) NavillealeX,June 925,No.1393,r. 16.47,PI.54;ß) Paris,

No.1380,r.16.40;) Naville aleX,June 925, o.1394,r.16.25,I.54;6)Luneauoll.,Piatt ale,March922, o.750, I.xvi;«)Newell,r.16.33; )Newell,r.16.44,LATEXI;t) London,o.

4,gr. 6.46;7)Mrs. . T. Newell,r. 5.96;7) lasgow,Hunteroll., ol.ll, p.99,No.4,gr. 6.52.y-f refromhe ame bverse ie s No.92. a and

1 refromnotherbverseie.95.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding,nd with he same

twomonograms,utnodate.

a)Aliottee aFuýeColl.,iani ale, eb.1925,o.926,gr. 16.20, I. 16;ß Commerce,LATEXII;y)Americanumismaticociety,r. 16.40theuppermonogramnthis ieceppearso beIA).a andßarefromhe amebverseie sNos.92 nd94y-f

Year 118-117. C.Series

96. TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n inner .field,

abovefif. n the xergue,4P.

a) Paris,No.

1381,r. 15.90;)London,o.

5,gr.16.19;y) Commerce;) Newell,r. 16.38,PLATEXII;e)NavillealeI, Apr.1921,No.3012,r. 16.27,PI.xxxix.Ò fromhe ame bverseie,nowvery lightly e-

touched,sNos.92,93,y-f, 5.SeriesI

97.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.





Rev. Similar o thepreceding,utZeus sdraped.Samemonogramsnddate.

a)London,o.6,gr.16.45;)Naville aleX,June1925,o.1398,I. 54= Navilleale ,Apr. 921, o.3013,I. xxxix),r. 6.40; )NavillealeX,June 925,No.1397,r. 6.30,I.54;Ô)Newell,r.16.48,LATEXII; e)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol. ll, No.9342,gr.16.32,I.342,.

ßisfromhe ame bverse ie s No.96f. y, ô andearefromnotherbverseie.98.Tetradrachm

Obv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro the receding,ith he amemono-

grams utno date.Naville aleX, June1925,No.1404,I. 54(=

Naville aleV,June 923, o.2814,I. xxviii SirHermanWeber oll.,Vol. ll, 2, No.7927,I.290),gr.16.37,LATEXII.

This sfrom he ame bverseieas thefollowingNo.99Ô.Year 117-116 . C.

99.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n inner .field,

aboveA In the xergue,̂ P.a) London,o.7,gr.16.41;) Paris,No.1384,r.16.60;)Glendiningale,March 931,No.1164,r.

16.23,l.XXX= Naville aleX,June 925, o.1400,PI.54);5)Newell,r. 6.30;)Newell,r. 6.32; )New-ell, r. 6.27,LATEXII;f)Newell,r. 6.27;)Glas-gow, unter oll., ol.ll, p.100, o.9,gr. 5.83.

yandÕrefromhe ame ie s No. 98.e andf arefrom nother bverseie.


Obv.Similarothepreceding.





Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n 1. nner ield,aboveA In the xergue,4P.

ar-ß) aris,Nos. 1389 nd1390,r. 16.25 nd16.00;y)Newell,r.16.17,LATEXII.ThecoinnCahn ale84,Nov.1933,No.416,gr.13.78,L14,ssurely modernorgery.101. Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.n 1. nner ield,W

above&. Date,^P.a)NavillealeX,June 925, o.1401,r.15.69,I.

54,PLATEXII;ß)Walchere Moltheinoll.,No.3051,r. 6.52,l.xxviii.102. Tetradrachm

Obv. Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1. nner ield,WaboveX. Date,^P.

a) Paris,No.1394,r. 16.30;) Newell,r. 16.28;7)Newell,r. 6.57,LATEXI ò)NavillealeX,June1925,No.1402,r. 15.77,I.54;e)Newell,r. 16.15;f) Newell,r. 15.41.

ßandyarefromhe ame bverseie s No.101/3.5,€ nd f arefromnotherbverseie.

Year 115-114 .C.103.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev.Similarothepreceding.n 1. nner ield,WaboveEX. Inthe xergue,*IP.

SodescribedyE. Babelon,oisdeSyriep. 181,No.1395.The castofthis oin,kindlyentby M.Jean abelon,howst to bethe ollowingariety, o.104. Thedescriptionf No.103has,however,eenretaineds there eemso benoreal easonwhy ucha varietyhould otoncehaveexisted.This state-





mentspremisednNo. 102 nd thefact hat t theDamascusmint nder ntiochus III the amepairofmagistratesrequentlyignedoins or wo r moreyearsn uccession.104.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro the receding.n 1. nner ield, ff

aboveH. In the xergue,̂ IP.a) Newell,r. 14.82; )Hess Sale207,Dec.1931,No.676,PI. 16(= Naville aleX, June 925,No.

1403,I.54),gr. 16.20;) Newell,r. 16.42,LATEXIII;5)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 100,No.10, r. 6.08; ) Paris,o.1395seeprecedingote).

ßandyarefromhe ame bverseie.Year 114-113 .C.

105.TetradrachmObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n1. nner ield, fl

aboveKH In the xergue,a) Newell,r. 16.51,LATEXIII; ß) Glasgow,Hunteroll., ol.ll, p.100,No.11, r. 6.01.

After leopatra ad beenremoved,he ssues fAntiochus III appearat Damascusn his namealoneand with his usual reverse ype of Zeus

Uranius,tandingudendholdingstarn his

ut-stretchedight and. Twomagistrates, (some-timesn theform P)andAN,whohad functionedunderCleopatra,arry veronto he ssuesof thenewreign.

From120 o113B.C.,thecoinagefAntiochusVIIIat Damascusroceedsnanorderlynd unin-terrupted ashion, ear by year. At least one





magistrate,ometimes woor three, arry overfrom he old to thenewyear hroughouthe eries.Wealsopossessnstances fobverse iesdoing hesame. Therean belittle oubt, herefore,hat llthe varieties ataloguedboverepresenthe ssuesofa singlemint. Identity f tyle ndfabric ointto this onclusion.

Asbefore,hecoinsredated with ut two x-ceptions,os.95and 98. Since,owever,hemono-grams orne y these oins re dentical ith nesfound n the datedpieces,nd as ineachcase thereis alsoa communityf obverse ies,wemaybecertain hat these undatedspecimensmanatedfrom he same mint s the datedones. UnderDemetriusI, the number f magistratesunc-tioning or achfullyear t Damascuswasusuallyfour. Under AlexanderI and Cleopatra,thenumberell oanaveragef three. With heopen-ing fAntiochus I I's solereign, hey ncreasedofour gainfor he first wo years PIP andA4P),fell o two n E^P andÇ^P,increasedgain o fourin Z*îPand H^P. Onlytwo are known orthefinalyear (0<IP)of his first eign t Damascus.Becausetheseparticularoins re extremelyare,

the appearancef new specimensmayalter therecord. On the otherhand,AntiochusIII mayhave ruled t Damascusfor nly portion f thatyearbeforehecitywas seizedbyhis halfbrotherAntiochusX Cyzicenus.

Bevan13laceshe ttack fCyzicenust "about*3oc.it.. ol.I.p.253.Bouché-Leclercq,istoirees êleu-

cides,p.02,02,ikewiselaceshe ebellionf yzicenusn 7-





116B.C." Even f his eso,AntiochusX gotnohold nanyof he yrian, hoenicianr Palestinianmints triking ated oins ntil heyear113B.C.,at theearliest.AtAntioch, ehave coinsboth fGrypus nd of Cyzicenusated in ©«IP.14AtDamascusand Ake-Ptolemais,lso,we find helatest ate on the oins f Grypuso be04P. Theearliest ate of Cyzicenust Damascuss2, whileat Ake-Ptolemaist is AS. The evidenceurnishedbyminornd morentermittentlyoiningmintss alittlemore quivocal.The latestknown ate ofGrypust Sidons MP,at Ascalon t sZ*TP. Butthe earliest oinsof Cyzicenusnown orSidon15and Ascalon16earthedate2. In the

ightf the

evidence romhe arger nd moreprolific ints,this s significant.husby 113-112. C.,theholdonhiskingdomyGrypus adbecome o weakenedthat he retired17oAspendusorecouphispowerand raisefresh roopsf mercenariesor renewedtrial f trength.

116.C. Theresnonumismaticvidenceo upportheseates,asthe retendedoinsfAntiochusXdated^Pand *IPdeSaulcy,esmonnaiesatéeses êleucides,.72basednlynMionnetnd estini)onot xist. he arliestnownatedoinofAntiochusXwas truckn he ear flP, r 14-113.C.14 ewell,oc.it., p. 5 nd 7.15ouvierJour.nt. 'arch.um.,ol. , 1902,. 132),os.1280-1;aris, o.1467.1#mhoof-lumer,onnaiesrecques,.436,No.118;hoix,Pl.VII,22.17evan,oc.it., .255.





ANTIOCHUSX CYZICENUSFirstRulenDamascus,1 -circa 09B. C.

Year 113-112. C.106.TetradrachmObv. Diademed eadfAntiochusX to r. Fillet

border.Rev BASIAEQS ANTIOXOYntwo ines n r.,

«ÊIAOIIATOPOSn 1. Helmetedthenatandingor., holding ike n outstretched. andresting .onshield ndspear. In 1.field, aboveES. In theexergue,. Thewholeurroundedy laurel reath.

a) London;) Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol.Ill, p.104,No.4,gr. 16.50;) Newell,r. 16.35; )Newell,gr. 16.28,LATE XIII.7and5arefromhe ame bverse ie.107.Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.n 1.field, above

ED. DateS.a) Hartwigoll., antamariaale,March910,No.

824, I.xv; ß)NavillealeX,June 925, o.1461,r.15.83,I. 57= Eggerale,Jan. 908, o.653, I.xx);7)Newell,r. 6.45,LATEXIII.

Year 112-111. C.108.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.

Rev.Similaro thepreceding.n1.field, aboveES. In the xergueS.

a) NavillealeX, June 925,No.1457,r. 15.75,PI.57; ß)Dresden;) Prof. ir CharlesmanColl.;Ô)Newell,r. 16.36,LATE XIII.

a is fromhe ame bverse ie s No.106,, 5.





109.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n 1.field, above

n. DateAS.a) Prof. ir Charles manColl.;ß) Aliotte e laFiiýeColl.,Cianiale,Feb.1925,No.939,gr. 14.90,Pl. 17;7) NavillealeX, June 925,No.1458,r.14.80,l.57;S)Newell,r. 15.84;)Newell,r.16.32,PLATEXIII.

a and7-earefromhe ame bverseie.Year 111-110 . C.

110.TetradrachmObv Similarothepreceding.Rev Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, above

AT Inthe xergue,S.a) Newell,r. 16.15;) Newell,r. 16.15,LATEXIII;7)Athens;)Newell,r.16.56,LATEXIII.

a andßarefromhe ame bverseie. 7andôarefrom notherbverseie.

As stated bove, hefirst ssueswhichwepossessat DamascusfAntiochusX Cyzicenusre datedS (113-112B. C.). Theybear the monogramsfthreemagistrates,ut withno more hantwoap-pearingnany necoin,s wastheusualpracticetDamascus.Oneof these, S, mayrepresenthesamemagistratehohadpreviouslyfficiatednderGrypus uring heyearsPîP18 and A*īP.19Thetypesusedare the customarynesforCyzicenus:hisportrait n theobverse; standing thena ur-roundedy laurelwreathn thereverse.

In the yearAS,weagainfind S working,utMNo. 0. 1®o. 3.





nowwithtwonewassociates. Ofthese,»?wasapparentlyhe hiefmintmaster, or ismonogramappearsn allspecimensnd s always lacedbovethe others. He continueso officiaten BS,afterwhich o more ilver oins f Cyzicenusre knownfor he Damascusmint. As, likewise,ocoinsofGrypus orDamascushave turned pdated n theyearrs, wecannotbe certainwhether yzicenusmanagedo maintain isholdonthecity hrough-out that year r had to cede t to his brother.Thelatter's Damascene ssuesbegin againwith theyearAS.

Bevans correctn questioning20abelon's ate-

goricaltatement,21hatDamascuswas the

capitalof AntiochusX. Even nowthat we are for hefirst ime enabledto dividesuchAttic ssues ofCyzicenuss werenot truck t Antioch r Tarsus,betweenDamascus andAke-Ptolemais,nd al-thoughwe nowpossessmanymorevarieties hanwere t Babelon's isposal,hecoinsdo not revealclearlywhetherDamascus,rather than Ake-Ptolemais,asCyzicenus'eal apital. It maywellhave beenso,for hecitywas not soexposedoattacksfrom he sea as was Ake-Ptolemais.On

theother and, he atter lacewouldbe more m-mune o and ttacks hanwasDamascus.Allthatthe oins an teachusdefinitely,22sthatAntiochusIX was master f these wocities rom heyear(113-112. C.) throughS(111-1 0B.C.).20oc.it., .255,ote.21oc.it., . lxi.22evan'stricture,bid.,.255,ote, hatNumismaticata




AKE-PTOLEMAISANDDAMASCUS 73

ANTIOCHUSVIII GRYPUSSecondeignnDamascus,fter 09B. C.

Year 109-108 . C.111.TetradrachmObv. Diademedead fAntiochusIII to r. Fillet

border.Rev. BASIAEQS ANTIOXOTntwo ines n r.,

EIII4>ANOTS n1. ZeusUranius,raped,tandingfacingo1.,holdingtar n outstretched. andresting1.uponceptre. n 1.field, aboveXH. Inthe x-ergue,pparentlyS.

Newell,r.15.93,LATE XIV.112.Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n 1.field, above

X. Thedate s llegible,ut n ßappearsohavebeenAS.

ce)NavillealeX,June 925,No.1409,r. 16.08,PI.55;ß)Newell,r. 15.77,LATEXIV.

are,f ourse,iableo emisleading"asnfortunatelyeen,ocertainxtentn heast,erfectlyrue.tudentsereotlwayscarefulboutheireadingsnd atherooroneomakeonjec-turesasedponheirwnuppositionsr ponnsufficientlyre-servedr uthenticatedpecimens.istorians,ot eingorhemostart umismatists,annotlwaysensehe umismaticit-falls,nd o cceptonjecturess morer ess stablishedacts.Well-preservedndperfectlyegibleoinsresentefinitenddependable,ontemporaryata,suallyuchurerhaniterarysourceshichre requentlyistortedy heendentialritingof hencientuthorshemselvesnd urtheritiatedy oubtfulreadings,cribalrrorsnd wentyenturiesf ditorialmenda-tions.





YEAR08-107 . C.113.Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev.Similarothepreceding.n 1.field,f aboveXH. In the xergue,* (almostertainlyS).Newell,r.16.55,LATEXIV.This oin s fromhe ame bverseie s No.111.


Obv,Similaro thepreceding.Rev Samenscriptions onthepreceding.eus

Nikephorus,akedowaist,nthronedo1. Inouter .field, above, above£. Beneathhrone, H. In

the xergue,2.a)SirCharles manNumismatichronicle4th er.,Vol.XVII, 1917,I.viii, ),PLATEXIV; ß Newell(onthis pecimen,hedate ndonemonogramreoffflan), r.16.38,LATEXIV.

Thereturn f Grypus romAspendusasbeendatedby Bevan23n theyear111-110. C. (BS).AtDamascus,owever,ehavefound hecoins fBS stillbearinghe name nd types f Cyzicenus.Thesucceedingear emainso us a blank,o far sDamascussconcerned,orwehaveno coins t allfrom ts mintbearing he date TS. But in AS,the face nd nameofGrypus eappearNo. 111).At least,whatremains f the exergualate *ML)onthesingle nownpecimenanonlyberead asAS. It cannot e AS,the olealternative,s thatyear is pre-emptedy coins of CyzicenusNos.

2î oc.it., .255.See lsoNewell,occit.,p. 03-5.





108-9).Furthermore,heunusuallylatrelief fNo.Ill is nearestn quality oNo. 1108.As indi-catedby its degeneratetyle nd bad die-cuttingNo.111canonly ollow,otprecede,hefarbetterissuesfCyzicenust Damascus. Thechiefmagis-trate f ofCyzicenus'earsASandBS,carriesnunderGrypus or woyearsmore, hat s,throughyearsASand ES. Then there omesa definitebreaknthematerialt ourdisposal,hefirst f nyconsequencen thirty-oneears.Whether yzice-nus wasable to recoverDamascus,or whetherGrypustill eld n to the ity, edonotknow.

Thenext pecimenvailableNo.114),till earsthename ndwell-knowneaturesf

Grypus.t is

dated0S, or 104-103. C. But nowthe reversetype asbeen hanged,omake he ssues fDamas-cus conform ith hose fthemoremportant int,Antioch.There, similarhangenthe everseypehad taken lace t about his ime.24hestandingZeusUranius, typewhichhadfor o longbeenpeculiaro the coin ssuesof Grypus,s nowre-placedby the moreusualseatedZeusOlympiusholding tinywingednd wreath-bearingike nhis outstretchedand. But whileconformingn

type, hestyle f No. 114remainsypicallya-mascene,ifferingundamentallyrom hatpreva-lent t Antioch.25hedate s still obe foundntheexergue. n addition o themonogramsn the1.field, efind nothermonogram,H placedbe-

2<ewell,occit.,p. 05-7.«Cf.Newell,oc.it., l.XII, 05,07;ondon,l.XXVI,;

Paris,l.XXV,.





neath he throne. Under he succeeding ingsfDamascus,weshallnote that this monogramasbecome lmost fixturen ts ilver ssues.

No. 114remains he last known ilver oin ofGrypus hichwepossessrom heDamascusmint.Curiouslynough,here re also no moreknownsilverssuesof Cyzicenushich y their tyleormonogramsould be assignedo this city. DidGrypusholdDamascus,r did Cyzicenus?Whocan tell? Historians,nthe uthority fJosephus,26supposehat hefinal ecade fthe econd enturyandtheearlyyears f the first, epresent periodof tacit peacebetween he twobrothers, ue totheir tter xhaustion.

Theybelievehat

Grypusheld henorth, yzicenushe outh. ForDamascus,wepossesso numismaticvidence f such situa-tion, lthoughwe do knownow that Grypuswasruling here n the years109-8,108-7nd 104-3B. C. IfCyzicenuseldt for he remainderfthetime, nd it constituted is capital,as Babelonclaims, t seemspassing trange hat this longestablishednd hitherto ctive mintdid not coinsilvern his name. Ontheother and,Cyzicenusappearso havessued ut ittle ilver t allduring

thisperiod.We possess nlythe tetradrachmfAke-PtolemaisNo.51)dated n Ç2(107-6B.C.),a tetradrachm27atedHS(105-4B.C.)whoseypespointto Tripolisn Phoeniciar to ElaeusainCilicia,nd somevery ate-style28ssues fTarsus

MAntiquit.,III, 27.27 umismatichronicle,th er., ol.XIX, 919,l.X,7.»Ibid.,p. 13-5.





whichmayperhapselongothisperiod.Hedoesnotcoin ilver gainprolificallyntil he ast twoyears fhis ifewhen eoncemore ecured hemintofAntiochn hisbrother'seath n96B.C.The lack ofa silver oinagef Cyzicenusor heperiod rom 07/6o 98 B.C.,mayreasonablyeattributedo theutter xhaustionf hisresources.Butthe dire results f the fratricidal arbetweenthe wobrothers ay lso berecognizednthe aseof Grypus,who,during heyears108-96B. C.,struck ilver nly t Antiochnd the one Damas-cene ssueheredescribedNo. 114). Apparentlyhisdepletedreasury,oo, llowednly ne mint oremain

ontinuouslyctive.

If Cyzicenuseallyheld Damascus tanytimeafter 07B.C., t s possiblehathisrather ommonbronzeoins fSyrianabricobverse,ust f Eros,reverse,Nike)29mightbe assignedo this city.Theauthenticatedateswhich heybear,namelyAS, BS, ES, AIS, BIS,wouldnot be inimical othe uggestion. few f heseoins ave urnedpin the Princeton xcavations t Antioch,whileanotherwasfoundn the Harvard xcavationstSamaria.30 therrovenanceecordsre not vail-

able. Consequently,he uestionadbestbe eft nabeyance.The sameapplieso a possiblessign-ment o Damascus fyrian ronze oins fGrypuswhich isplay isradiate ead on theobverse,nda wingedhunderboltn thereverse;31r the pieces

2»aris,l.XXVI,;London,l.XXV,.*oarvardxcavationst amariaVol.,p.263,o. 2, I. 2,No.9.«Paris,l.XXV,1; ondon,l.XXIV,.





havinghis laureateportrait n oneside andthestanding igurefZeusUranius n theother.81®

DEMETRIUS IIIReignednDamascus,6-87B.C.

Year96-95B.C.115. Tetradrachm

Obv Diademed,earded eadof DemetriusII tor. Fillet order.

Rev, BASIAEÛS AHMHTPIOT0EOTin threelines nr., 3>IA0IÏAT0P022QTHP0Yintwo ineson1. Archaic,acinggalmaf Atargatis ith rmsextended,

oldinglowernher .hand. Her heads

veiled ndat times pparentlyadiate,nd from tdependwoong, requentlynottedilletsndingntassels.Behindach houlderises stalk f barley.Inouter .field, .abovef In the xergue,E .Thewholes urroundedy laurel reath.

a) London,o.1,gr. 15.70;) Helbingale,Nov.1928,o.4084,r.15.40,I.74;7)Cahnale71,Oct.1931,No.557,gr. 15.60,I. 17;6) Newell,r. 15.64,PLATE XIV.

y-ô refromhe ame bverseie.116. Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n 1.field, aboveN. Inthe xergue,IS .

a) Naville aleX,June 925,No.1553,r. 15.58,PI. 62= Ratto ale,April 909,No.4921,PI.xix);ß) Newell,r.15.46,LATEXIV.a andßarefromhe ame bverse ie.«aParis,I.xxv, .





117.BronzeUnitObv.Radiate, iademed,earded ead fDemetrius

tor. Circlefdots.Rev Samenscriptions onthe receding.WingedNike dvancing. holding reathn herupraised.

andpalmn 1. Inouter .field, Inthe xergue,IIS.

Rogersoll.,gr. 6.25.117a. BronzeUnit

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similar o thepreceding,ut ¿ aboveN in

1.field.E.Zygmanoll., r.7.22.

118. BronzeHalfObv Diademed eadof Demetriusor. Circle fdots.

Rev Samenscriptions on he receding.ermes,nude,tandingacing,oldsalmnr. and aduceusn1. In outer .field, above In the exergue,IIS KH.

a) Newell,r. 3.99,PLATEXIV;ß ? Paris,No.1574,r. 4.25.

Year95-94B.C.119.Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.illet order.Rev. Samenscriptions on he receding. targa-tis s on No. 115.Inouter .field, above LIntheexergue,ISPI.

a)Cambridge,cCleanoll.,Vol. ll, No.9359,r.15.56,I.343, (= TobinBushColl.,othebyale,Nov.1902,No.267);ß Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol.Ill,p.113, o.1,gr.15.20,I. xx, 5;y)London,o.2,gr. 15.97,LATEXIV.





120. BronzeUnitObv Similaro No.117.Rev SimilaroNo.117.Inouter .field, above

)£ Inthe xergue,IS.a) London;/&-y)aris,Nos.1563,gr. 6.50,Pl.xxviii, , nd1566,r. .20,LATEXV.121.BronzeHalf

Obv Similaro No.118.Rev Similaro No. 118.Inouter .field, above

X. Date,HIS.Paris, o.1575,r. .50, Lxxviii,,PLATEXV.

122. BronzeHalfObv Similarothe

receding.illet order.

Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n outer . field,aboveA In the xergue,IS.

Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 114,No.6,gr.5.18, I. xx, 6.Year94-93B. C.

123.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Atargatiss on No.119.Inouter .field,

abovek In the xergue,IS .

a) Paris,No.1568,r. 15.10; )London,o.3,gr.15.58,LATEXV; y)NavillealeX,June 925,No.1554,r. 15.77,I.62(= Eggerale,Jan.1908,No.664,PI.xxi).124.BronzeUnit

Obv.SimilaroNo.117.Rev. SimilaroNo.117.In outer .field, above

A. In the xergue,IS.





NewellpurchasedyMrs.Agnesaldwin rett tPetra), r.7.90, LATE XV.125.BronzeHalf

Obv.Similaro No. 118.Rev SimilaroNo. 118.Inthe xergue,12.Rogersoll.,gr. 3.63.

Year 92-91B. C.126.Tetradrachm

Obv SimilaroNo.123.Rev. Atargatiss on No. 123. Inouter .field,

aboveA. In the xergue,K2 M.a) Paris,No.1569,r. 15.65,Lxxviii, ; ß R.

Jamesonoll.,No.1763,r. 15.91,I.xc;7)NavilleSaleX, June1925,No.1556,r. 15.42,I. 62(=EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,No.745,PI.xx= EggerSale,Jan.1908, o.665,PI.xxi);5) Newell,r. 12.96(corroded);) Newell,gr. 15.13,PLATEXV;f) NavillealeX,June 925,No.1555,r. 16.11,I.62 (= Cons.WeberColl.,Hirsch aleXXI,Nov.1908,o.4141,L iv),gr.16.12.

ß-e refromhe amebverseie.Year 91-90B.C.

127.TetradrachmObv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev.Similaro thepreceding.n outer . field,

above. In the xergue,KS.NavillealeX,June 925,o.1557,r.15.09,L62,PLATEXV.

Year90-89B. C.128.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev.Similaro thepreceding.n the uter . field,

N aboveA. Inthe xergue,KSPi .London,o.4,gr.16.06,LATEXV.





YEAR9-88B.C.129.Tetradrachm

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev Similar o the preceding.n the exergue,

AK2.Eckhel,octrinaumorumeterum,ol. ll, p.245.

Babelon,oc. it., .clxxii,tates hathehasseen wospecimensf his aten he ommerce.

Year88-87B. C.130. Tetradrachm

Obv. Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro thepreceding.n outer .field,

above . Inthe xergue,K2 KNCambridge,eakeColl.,LATE XV.131.BronzeUnit

Obv.Radiate,eardedead son No.117.Obv.Inscriptionndwinged ike s onNo.117.

Inouter .field, Iabove1. Date off lan.London,r.5.31, LATE XV.

In theyear96B. C.,Grypuswasassassinated,and chaosagain reignedupreme ver the lastremainingortionf he ncegreat eleucidmpire.AntiochusX CyzicenuseizedAntioch nd in-stalledhimself here,32ut was immediatelyt-tacked ythe ldest f he ons fGrypus,eleucusVI. Anotheron,Demetriusy name,eaving isnumerous rothers o settle scores,first with

82ewell,oc.it., p. 08-110.





Cyzicenusndthenwith he atter's on,AntiochusX,profitedytheconfusionnd secured amascuswith hehelp fPtolemy athyrus, ing fCyprus.Hereheestablishedimselfirmlynd mmediatelyrevived hecoinagef this desertmetropolis.

Silvertetradrachms,nd bronzecoins n twodenominations,ow ppearedn a steady lowromits mint. Fortunately,hepractice f dating hecoins, inallybandonedt all other eleucidmints,was continuedt Damascus,husdefinitelyinkingthe new coinswith ts precedingssueswhichhadbeendistinguishedy this same usefulfeature.Similarityf tyle ndfabriclsoconnecthe resentwith arlier

ssues,whilehe

magistrateigningim-

selfA,on Nos.115 nd 117-123,maybe identicalwith the person signing imself on the lastDamascene ssue ofGrypusNo. 114). Anothernotablefeature f the new coinages the almostconstant resencef the monogramI, alongsidethedate n theexergue.Thesamemonogramadappearedon the abovementionedinal ssueofGrypus.In the present ase, t appears ontinu-ously rom IS toEK2,andagainunder igranesfromAMS to TMS.If it denotes magistrate,then hispersonnjoyed longer enure f officethan nyother fficial e havemetwith t Damas-cus. That being o, are we not ustifiedn sus-pectinghatPi mayhave some ther onnotation?Perhapst is somethingn the nature f a realmint-mark. s t sobviouslyomposedf the woletters elta nd eta, t may representheinitialletters fAi^Tpiaç,name,which t has ongbeen





suspected,hat Damascusat this time bore inhonor f ts king, emetriusII.33

Anothermportantnnovationas ntroducednthe silver ssues of Damascusat this time. Nolongerowefind distinctlyeleucidoyal ype nthereversesuch s Zeus,Apollo,Athena,nd thelike. Instead,we havea type f ocalsignificance,similar o the "Pyreof Sandan"on the Seleucidissues f Tarsus, r the statue f Athena Magarsison their oins truck t Mallus.34We seewhat sprobably localrepresentationf thegreat oddessAtargatis,35divinity everedor ges throughoutSyria. Sheappearsn her riental spect ndas a

fertility oddess,mummiformn

shapeand with

grain-stalksproutingrom achshoulder. n herleft and, heholdswhathasusuallyeendescribedas three arsofbarley, ut o crudelyenderedhattheir ruenature emainserhapsomewhatoubt-ful. Sheis facing, ands and fore-armsuttingstifflyut to either ide;from erveilednd some-times)radiatehead,two ong, asselledillets e-

83. Dussaud,ournalsiatiqueMars-Avril904,. 198;Wroth,rit. us.at., alatiatc., . xxvi.34abelon,oc.it., p. xxxu,xxxiii,xlvu.MAsuggestedyBabelon,oc.it., .clxxi,nd onfirmedyR.Dussaud,ournalsiatique1904,.200,umismaticorksngeneralontenthemselvesithallinghe igureimplyemeter.Butt s Demeterf eryrchaicnd istinctlyrientalppear-ance,ikennumerableMotheroddesses"nd ybelesfAsiaMinor.nSyriahewouldertainlyenamedtargatis.nter-estinglynough,er eiledust, ith barley-stalkisingromershouldernd thersepictedboveer ead, aye eenn bas-reliefromerecentlyiscoveredabataeanhrinetopfJebelet-TannurnTransjordania.f. mericanournalf rchaeology,Vol. LI,937,.374,ig.3.





pend. Herbody,from eck to ankles s coveredwithpendant esigns uggestivef human reasts,but which ertainlyannot ave been ntended orsuch.36Possiblyheyrepresenteaves orpetals,such, ornstance,s maybe seen overinghebust(andeven heface)ofAtargatis,oddessf foliageand fruits, n a bas-reliefecently iscovered tKhirbet t-Tannûr, he Nabataeantemple f thegoddessn the summit f Jebel t-Tannûr.37 ntheupper ortion f her body sa large, ncertainobjectwhich eems ohaveescapedhenotice fpreviouscholars.This snot urprisings most fthe coins vailable re more r less worn. To the

writer,t

suggests omethingn the nature f a

facing ead;butonly perfectlyreservedxamplewouldllow heobject o bedefinitelydentified.

Thetypes f he ccompanyingronzeoins avea more rthodox reek spect. Theyoccur n twodenominations,f which he arger asfor ts re-verseype winged ictory alkingo r. the mall-er, a Hermestandingo 1. TheybeardatesfromZISto 012,accompaniedy monogramsr letterssuch s arealsofound n the tetradrachms.therspecimensre without ates, nd these oinsmaycover he ateryears fDemetrius'eign.Whether86hey ighteonterpretedidheyutoverheorsolone.Insteadheyre oundlsoromhe aisto he nkles.eurer,DieMammaeer rtemisphesia.ömischeitteilungen,XIV,1914,as hownhatvenn he ell-knowntatuesf he phe-sian rtemishesereast-likebjectsuste houghtf spor-tionsf broadectoralrnament,nd renot hemselvesc-tuallyntendedo epresentreasts.97mericanournalf rchaeology,ol. LI,937,.375,igs.14 nd5.





they, oo,shouldbe ascribedo Damascus s stilluncertains we have noprovenanceotices,ndthe etters hich hey eardo notcorrespondiththose ound n the etradrachms.or that reason,they avenotbeenncludednour atalogue.

Thoughmaintainingis chosenprovincemoresuccessfullyhanhisbrothersidtheirs, emetriusshowed imselfobe a true eleucidn his restlessambition or dditionalerritory. t one timeheeven ucceedednseizingponAntioch, hosemintthen ssued ome f ts typical etradrachmsn hisname.38Heinterferedn the ffairs fJudaea,ndevenmarched ith is rmy oShechemnSamariato assist the

Jewsn rebellion

gainstAlexander

Jannaeusbut nothingameofthematter nd hesoon eturnedoDamascus.Finally,n88-87B.C.,hefell ut withhisbrother hilip ndbesiegedimin Beroea. AnArabchieftain, zizby name, ndMithradates,he Parthiangovernor f Mesopo-tamia (?), came to Philip'said and eventuallyforced emetrius o capitulate.He was taken oParthiawherehe washonorablyreatedby theking, nd laterdied n captivity.

ANTIOCHUS XIIReignnDamascus,8-84B.C.Year87-86B.C.

132.TetradrachmObv Diademed ead fAntiochusII tor. Fillet

border."Newell,oc.it.,p. 17-8.





Rev. BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOT EniÂNOTS inthreeines nr., $IA0IIAT0P02KAAAINIKOTntwo ines n 1. Beardedtatue f Hadadtandingac-

ing ndoubleasis;wearingtall, ointedap;a longmantle astenedbouthis houlders;oldingbarleystalk n1.hand, ndflankedytheforepartsf twobulls. n the xergue,ŤTK2. Thewholes urround-edby laurelwreath.

London,LATE XV.Year86-85B.C.

133.TetradrachmObv,Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similaro the preceding.n the outer1.

field,T. Inthe xergue,SKS.DresdenImhoof-Blumer,onnaiesrecquesp. 437,No.121, l.H,15), r.15.70.

Year (?)134.Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.nouter .field, l

Dateinthe xerguesillegible.R.Jamesonoll.,No.2361,r. 15.19,I.cxxv=

EggeraleXLV,Nov.1913,No.746, Lxx),PLATEGroup

135.BronzeUnitObv Diademed,rapedust or. Circle fdots.Rev BASIAEÛS ANTIOXOT AI0NT20T in

three ineson r., EIII<£AN0T2 $IA0IIAT0P02KAAAINIKOTnthree ines n 1. Zeus,naked owaist,tanding,acing.,holdsNike noutstretched.and rests . upon ceptre. n the exergue,tr. Thewholencirclefdots.





a) London,o.5,PI.xxvii,;ß-y)Glasgow,unterColl.,.116,Nos. nd4,gr. .74 nd .67Ò)Paris, o.1579,r.7.30, I.xxviii,; e) Paris, o.1580,r.7.90;f)Newell,r. .97, LATEXVI.136.BronzeQuarter

Obv Diademed ead or. Circle fdots.Rev Samenscriptionson he receding.ermes

standing,acing., oldingalmnr. nd aduceusn1.a) Paris,No.1582,r.2.00,PI.xxviii, 0,PLATE

XVI.GroupI

137.BronzeUnitObv.SimilaroNo. 135.Rev. SimilaroNo.135,utwithout I0NY20Y.

In outer .field, ŤTa) London,o.6,PI.xxvii, ; ß)Glasgow,unterColl.,Vol. ll, p. 116,No.5,gr. 7.00;7) Paris,No.1581,r. .10; )Newell,r. .46, LATEXVI.138.BronzeHalf

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. BA2IAEQ2 ANTIOXOT EIIIÂNOYS in

threeines nr., >IA0IIAT0P02KAAAINIKOYn1. Apollo,aked,tandingo1.,holds almnr. andleanswith . rm n tripod. nouter .field,ti.

ot)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 116,No.6,gr.5.18,PLATE XVI.139.BronzeHalf

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev Samenscriptions onthepreceding. ike

advancingor., holding reathn extended. andpalmn1.

Paris, o.1588,r. .90, I.xxviii,4, LATEXVI.




AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 89

GroupII140.BronzeUnit

Obv.Diademed,rapedust o r. Circle f dots.Rev BA2IAEQ2ANTIOXOT EmÂNOTSinthreeines nr., $IA0IIAT0P02KAAAINIKOTn

two ines n1. Drapedemaleigure earingalathosstandingo1.,holdingalmnextended. andcornu-copiaen . Inouter . ield, or .

a-ß)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 115,Nos.1 (Pl.lxx,18)and2,gr. 7.55nd 7.42;y-ò)Paris,Nos. 1583Pl.xxviii,1)and 1584,r. .60 nd6.55;e) Newell,r.8.64, LATEXVI.141. BronzeHalf

Obv Diademed ead or. Circle fdots.Rev Samenscriptions on hepreceding.pollo,naked,tandingo 1.holdingalmnextended. and

leaning. rm n ripod.nouter .field, or1ĀJ.0-7)London,os.1-3,Pl.xxviii, Ô-f)Glasgow,Hunter oll.,Vol. ll, p. 116,Nos.7-9,gr.3.99, .82

and3.60;1")Paris,No.1586,r. 4.10;17)Newell,r.3.93;)Newell,r. .11, LATEXVI.142.BronzeUnit

Obv. Similaro No. 140.Somewhatrudedie-cutting.

Rev, Similaro No.140, utdie-cuttingomewhatcrude. nouter .field, .a) London,o.4,PI.xxviii,; ß)Newell,r. 5.87,PLATE XVI.143.BronzeHalf

Obv.Similaro No.141.Rev. SimilaroNo.141. Inouter .field,I.London,r. .45, LATEXVI.





DemetriusII, as ruler f Damascus ndts sur-roundingistricts, as succeededy his youngerbrother, ntiochus II, who bore the resoundingappellationsf Dionysus,piphanes,Philopator,Callinicus. The mintontinuedoissue ilver ndbronze oins,but now withthe new king'snameandportrait.

Thereversesf the tetradrachmsre henceforthgracedwith most nterestingepresentationfthegreatgodof Damascus,Hadad.39Heis providedwithhisusualattributes,he earofgrain nd thebulls acred ohim. The dates ntwo fthese arecoins eadCKSandZK2,40 ut,unfortunately,hedateon M.Jameson'specimens llegible.

Theundated ronzeoins omprisehree enom-inationsnd, pparently,all ntothree roupsc-cordingo their nscriptionsnd monograms.heearliestgroup s probably epresented y Nos.135-6,whichre provided ith heepithet iony-sus, nadditionoEpiphaneshilopatorallinicus.On theremainingoinsDionysussomitted,s it ison the knownilver ieces.Groups and II areassociatedwith he earliest etradrachm,o. 132,bythemonogram,îï which heyhave ncommon.

Thismonogramannot ossiblyenote hemint tAke-Ptolemais,s Babelontates.41 orAntiochusXII never uled ver his ity, isdominionseing

R.Dussaud,ournalsiatique,ars-Avril,904,. 00.40orrectlyeady mhoof-lumerho irst ublishedhepieceNo.33).Babelon,oc.it., .clxxiii,eproducesheetaas stigmabutpparentlycceptshe atesbeing27 . .«Loc.it.,. 09,os.579,581.





confinedo InnerSyria. Furthermore,ll of hisissues exhibit he typicalDamascenestyle andfabric. The monogramn questionmustdenotesomemagistratenchargef hemint.Onthe bronze oins, hefiguresf HermesNo.136)and Nike No. 139)aredirectlyopiedfromthe ssues f hispredecessor,emetrius.Tothese,AntiochusII addedtheZeusNos.135,137),heApolloNos.138,141,143)and the Tyche Nos.140,142).On most f hiscoins,Antiochuss de-pictedas a beardless outh,but on a few(cf.PLATEXV, 132;PLATEXVI, 135,137),helikehiselder rother, emetrius, s unmistakablyro-videdwith beard.

Soonafterhisaccession,heNabataeanArabscommencedo causeAntiochusII serious rouble.While e wasaway ryingo overcomehismenace,hisbrother hilipuddenlyppearedefore amas-cus. Thecity ateswerepenedo him yMilesius,thegovernor. nreceivinghebadnewsAntiochushastenedack,butnotbeforeMilesius adhimselfrepentedf his act and had shut hegates gainstPhilip t a timewhen he atter hanced o beout-side thewalls,watchingomechariot acesn the

hippodrome.Antiochusoinedforceswith hisrepentantovernorndtogetherhey orcedhilip'swithdrawal. he latter's enure f Damascusp-pearso havebeeno brief hat t snot urprisingonotethat no coinsof Philip, f Damascenetyleandfabric, ave syetbeen ecorded.

After short nterval ntiochuseft n anotherexpeditiongainst heNabataeans,uring hich e





perishedn somehard-foughtkirmish ith thesemaraudingrabs.

ARETASIIIReignnDamascus,irca 4-72B. C.

144.BronzeUnitObv. Diademed ead fAretasor.,withong air.

Borderfdots.Rev BA2IAEQ2APETOTin two lineson r.f

4>IAEAAHN02n1. Nikes City-goddesstanding1.,winged,urretd,holdingreathnoutstretched.andpalmn . Inouter . ield,t Borderfdots.

a)London,rabiatc., . 1,No.1,gr.8.16, I. , 1;ß) London,No.2,gr. 8.02,PI.i, 2, PLATEXVI.Foradditionalpecimensndreferences,ee R. Dus-saud,Journalsiatique,ars-Avril904,. 205,Nos.1-2,Pl.i, 1.145. BronzeHalf

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev. Samenscriptionsonthe receding.raped

femaleiguretandingo1., . hand xtended,.restinguponceptre.

a) Paris, LATEXVI;ß) Glasgow,unter oll.,p.297,No.4,gr. .95, LATE XVI.For dditionaleferences,eeR. Dussaud,oc.cit.,p.206,No.5,PI. ,3.146. BronzeUnit

Obv.Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Samenscriptionson thepreceding.yche,

drapednd urreted,tretchingut .handndholdingcornucopiaen1., eated .on rock rom hichssuesriver-godwimmingo front. n outer . field, t.Circlefdots.




AKE-PTOLEMAISANDDAMASCUS93at- )Glasgow,unter oll., ol.ll, p.297,Nos.1-3,gr.8.00Pl. lxxviii,8),7.74nd 6.29;Ô-f)London,Arabiatc., p.1-2,Nos.-6, r. .43Pl. ,3),6.08,.14

(Pl. ,4)and5.62;7)eLuynesoll., ol.V,No.3494,Pl.cxxx,r. .85;)Newell,r. .02;) Newell,r. .76;k) Newell,r.5.93, LATEXVI;X)Newell,r. 6.68,PLATEXVI.Forfurtherpecimensndreferences,ee R.Dus-saud,occit., p. 205-6,Nos.3-4,Pl.I, 2.

Accordingo Josephus, ntiquities III, 392,after hedeath of AntiochusII, the masterlessterritoryf Damascuswasthreatenedyseizurenthepartoftherobber ynasty f the turaeans fChalcis. Ratherhan ufferuch fate, heDamas-cenespreferredhe lesserevil and calleduponAretasII, the bleking f theNabataeans,oruleoverthem. He responded ith lacrity nd en-tered hecity midpopularejoicing.

Nosilver oins fAretas reasyetknown ous,althoughhere eems o be noreasonwhy he stillactivemint f Damascusmight ot havestrucksuch at this juncture. It certainly id strikebronze oins,n considerableuantities, ôith henameand portrait f the Nabataeanprince. Ontheir bverses, efind he clean-shaveneaturesf

Aretas,ndowed ith he opiousocks f theArabrace nd a formidablyurved ose, uite s hawk-likeas thoseof hisSeleucidpredecessors,rypusand Antiochus II. Perhapso ndicate hatunderbenevolentabataeanruleDamascuswas to losenone fher ivic r ocalpower,he eversesf hesebronzecoinsdisplay he city-goddessn variousaspects.In one case(No.144,PLATEXVI),she





stands n the guiseof Nike,wingednd holdingwreath nd palm-branch,et turreted s a city-goddesshould e. AgainNo.145, LATEXVI),shestandswinglessut holding patera ?) andsceptre. Finally No. 146,PLATEXVI),she as-sumeshefamiliarttitude eculiaro theTyche fDamascus.Like the more amousycheof Anti-och,from hosewell-knowntatue urpresentypeisdirectlyopied,he sseated,urreted,n a rock,whilebeneathher feet s depictedheswimmingfigureftheriver hrysaroas.Unlike heTyche fAntioch,he holds cornucopiaenher . rm, ndstretchesher. straightutbefore er, s ifblessingwithherbeneficent

owershe

happynd industri-

ouspopulationsf her fertile asis. Theseparticu-lardetails lways learly ifferentiate42heTycheof Damascusrom ernumerousisters hroughouttheGreekworld,vendown oher ast appearanceon the ssues f he ity nder heEmperorolusian,more han hree undred earsater.

<*.Dussaud,occit., .199.aslreadyemarkedponhisfact, hichnabledimorrectlyo ssignoDamascuscertaingroupf he etradrachmsf igranes.f., elow,p. 5-100.tis nterestingonotehatnmperialimes,eginningithadrian,anuntiedilletlmostnvariablyependsromheutstretched.hand f he ychefDamascus. umismatistsavenvariablymisinterpretedhisbjecthenescribingheity'soins. scuriositye iveerehe ariousnterpretationsf he bjectnquestiony eSaulcynhiswellnownumismatiquee a TerreSainte,p.7-50,hoohis wnoinsas hereddedescriptionsculledromhe agesf arlier ritersuchsEckhel,estinindMionnet:npoisson?)onp.37,Hadriano. andAntoninusPius o. , .41,Macrinuso. unemassueau ieu 'unoissononp.39, eptimiuseveruso. ;un uadrupèdellongé,lutôtqu'unoissonn .46, tacíliao. ;un ameaun .46, tacilia





TIGRANESReignnDamascus,2-69B.C.

Year 72-71B. C.147.TetradrachmObv HeadofTigranesor., diademedndwearing

tall tiara"edgedwith earlsnd dornednthe opwith rays" nd on the idewith star nd an eaglewho urns isheadbackward. illet order.

Rev. BA2IAEQ2onr., TirPANOTon1. Tur-reted nd draped iguref the Tyche f Damascusseatedo 1.upon rockt whose eetstheupper or-tion f swimmingigure. heTychextends er .arm t fullengtheforeer, ndholdscornucopiaen

her . Inouter .field, aboveA. Inthe xergue,AMS?). Thewholes urroundedy laurel reath.Paris, .214,No.16, r.15.25,LATEXVI.

No. ;unièvreares reillesn .50, rebonianuso. . Thislast interpretation"asnot een oo elicitouslyorrectedyWroth,ritishuseumatalogue,alatiaetc.,. 87,o.8 ndfootnote,hoallshebject"shortlub?)withilletsttached"OnPLATEXVII,-F re ivenfeweproductionsf imilarcoinsn he uthor'sollection.closenspectionhowslearlythathebjectn uestions ctuallybroad,ntiedillet,angingby ne f ts nd-tiesromhe oddess'and.The ibbon-tie(sometimeswonnumber)t the ther nd f he illet,angsdownoosely.n he inalllustrationF), coinfVolusian,hefilletropereemsohaveeenmbroideredith aurel-r alm-leafesign,husrobablyccountingorhenterpretationf heobjecty ckhelndWroths club. ut club everependsnthismannerromhand,t susuallyeldn nuprightosition.Otherwise,t t eastestsponhe roundndsneverhusus-pendednmid-airhe ntiedillet,n hetherand,s denticalwithhe ne obe een eldy he igurefKononin he owfamousallaintingf heTemplef he almyreneods'tDuran he uphrates.f.James.Breasted,rientalore-runnersf yzantineaintingpp. 0 nd 6, latesXandXIII.





Year71-70B.C.148.Tetradrachm

Obv Similarothepreceding.Rev Similaro thepreceding.nouter .field,^1above 0E above0$. In inner .field, . In the

exergue,MS.a) Newellfrom amascus),r. 15.37;) London,No.1,gr. 5.80,I.xxvii,,PLATEXVII.

Year 70-69B. C.149«Tetradrachm

Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev. Similar o thepreceding.amemonogram

andletters n the field s before. n the exergue,TMS.Paris, .214,No.17, r.12.10,I.xxix, 1,PLATEXVII.

Undated150. BronzeUnit

Obv.Similar o thepreceding.ircle fdots.Rev. BA2IAEÛS onr., TirPANOYon 1. Tyche

ofAntiocheatedo 1.as on theprecedingoins. Inouter.field, . Circle fdots.

London,r.7.60, LATEXVII.151.BronzeUnit

Obv.Similarothepreceding.Rev. Similarothepreceding.n outer1.field,

0E above0<&.a) Paris,No.19,gr. 7.55,PI.xxix, 2; ß Newell,

gr. 9.31;y) London,No. 10,gr. 8.47,PI.xxvii, ,PLATEXVII; &-Ç)Glasgow,unter oll.,Vol. ll,p. 3,Nos.10-13letters ff lan), r. 6.42, .09, .03(PI.lxiii, ),4.05.




AKE-PTOLEMAIS AND DAMASCUS 97

152. BronzeHalfObv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Samenscriptions on thepreceding. yche

standingo1., esting. ontiller, ndholdingornu-copiaen1. Inouter .field, .a) Paris,No.22,gr.3.00, I.xxix,4;ß Newell,r.4.60,PLATEXVII.

Figure

153. BronzeHalf(orThird?)Obv Similaro thepreceding.Rev Samenscriptions onpreceding. ike d-

vancingo1.,holding reathnoutstretched.,palmin 1. Inouter .field, Eabove4».E.Zygmanoll., r. .67. Cf.Fig.1.

In 83B.C.,TigranesheGreat fArmeniaweptovernorthernyria nd nstalled imselft Antioch,invited y theAntiochenes,owheartily eary ftheSeleucidsnd theirmisrule.Coinslonenformus that heeventuallyecured oele-Syriand thegreatmetropolisf Damascus,s well. Howorwhen igranesadthus ucceedednousting retasand his Nabataeansfrom he city, our ancienthistoriansailto relate.

The coinssues f Tigraneshe Greathave ongagobeenstudiedn their ntirety y SirGeorge





Macdonald.48He hasthere learly emonstratedthat they must fall into threemaincategories,which edesignatesPeriods, II and III." Itisprobable,owever,hat hese ategories,orrectnthemselves,orrespondn themainnot omuch osuccessiveeriodsf time s to different lacesofmintage.Thegreat ndvery bvious ifferencesobe noted n their everal tyles, abrics,ypes ndsystemsf official ontrol-marks,ender t practi-callympossibleoassignll these oins oanyonemint, r evendistrict, ithin he short paceofthirteen earswhichrepresentshe duration fTigranes'ule ver yria.

Thus the coinsof Macdonaldi "Period" arecertainlyssues roughtutat Antioch,s isclearlydemonstratedy their tyle ndfabric, oth bso-lutely ypicalf theAntiocheneint t thisperiod.Theyprobablyover heentire eriod f Tigranes*rule n Antioch83-69B. C.),and their tyle ndfabric re continued n the mmediatelyucceedingissues of Antiochus III (69-65B. C.),44whichcouldhavebeen truck t Antioch nly.

The coins f "Period I" probablyepresentheissues fhisArmenianapital, rsamosata,r of the

newly-builtigranocerta. he use of the orientaltitle {JowiXcûçaatX&i)vnd the presence f bothannual andmonthly ates peculiaro the coinsof Macdonald's PeriodI"- distinctlyevealheinfluencef Parthian nd Ponticpractices.Themint f the "Period I" coinsmust hereforeave

Numismatichronicle,th er.t ol.I, 1902,p. 93-201.44 ewell,occit,pp. 25-8.





been osituated hat t was most asily ccessibleto such nfluences. nly n Armeniaroper, r innorthern esopotamia,ouldthis be true. Theuse of his itle nd of monthlyates snever oundin Syria. Furthermore,he ilver oins f "PeriodII" are, with but a singleexception, omposedsolely f drachms. No drachmsre known oac-companyhe ssuesof "Period ," i. e., from hemint t Antioch,nd n factnoSeleucid rachmsreknown romhatmint fter he reign f AntiochusX,46ordothey ccur t Damascus fterhereignofAlexanderI Zebina. Butnthis onnectiont simportanto note hat he mmediateuccessorsf

TigranesheGreat

i.e.,Artavasdes,

igranes I)struckilver nly n thedrachmize ndof he amestyle ndfabricsdrachms"PeriodI ")of he irstTigranes.As noneof the aterArmenianrincesrulednSyria, utonlyn whatwas eft o Armeniaby the Romanreorganizationf the East, theircoins couldhavebeen strucknowherexcept tArsamosatar, possibly,igranocerta. enceMac-donald'sPeriodI " coins houldeassignedo oneor theother f hese womints.

AsregardsMacdonald's PeriodII" coins,R.

Dussaudclearlyaw46hat heir rincipalype, heseatedTyche f Damascus,oints nmistakablyothat city as their nly possiblemint. Althoughslightly ore rudenstyle, heseDamascene ilverissues f Tigranesonformn other espectso theissuesfhisSeleucidredecessors.Wefind local

*8ewell,oc..it,pp. 13-4.«Loc.it., .199.





typegracinghereverses before,ccompaniednthe1. field y themonogram andthe nitials fvariousmagistrates,hile Seleucid ate s still obeseen n the exergue.Thecorrespondingronzecoinsre nthree enominations,woofwhich earcivictypes, he seatedTycheof Damascuson thelarger ize, he tandingyche n the maller.Thethird r smallestenominationears Nike as itsreverse ype. Hence,the "Period III" coins ofTigranes,ollowingussaud,mustnowbeassignedto themint f Damascus.

If the dateonNo.147hasbeen orrectlyead,tinformss that t leastby72-7 B.C.,Tigranesadmanagedto secureDamascus.The finaldate,TMS,s thevery ear n which hefamous omangeneral, uciusLucullus,nvadedArmenia. Thenews eachedigranesust fter e hadsuccessfullycompletedhesiegeof Ake-Ptolemais.47e has-tenednorth, nly o meet ompleteisaster t thehands of Lucullus nd hisveteran rmy. By 68B. C.allArmenianower ad beencleared ut ofSyria, nd thecountry aced newmaster. ThatDamascusrecovered erfreedomt this time ssuggestedythebronzeoin if orrectlyescribed-

of utonomousypeswhichMionnetecords.48tbears hedateCMrand the nscriptionAMACK.Damascushad nowgainedull ocalautonomyndwasno onger royal eleucidmint.

47osephus,ntiquitiesXIII,6, .48.Vol. III,p.193,o. , fterestini,ettnum.ontVol.VI,p.86,No.1.





TABULARSURVEY OFTHE LATERSELEUCIDCOINAGES OFAKE-PTOLEMAIS

AND DAMASCUSIAKE-PTOLEMAIS

DemetriusISecondeign,29-126, C.

No. Denom. Date Monograms1 Tetr. A).49 EIIP rtî M2 " (Ph). " " " KH3 2dr. Ph).

4 Tetr. A).-

5 " (Ph). OTP6 Didr.Ph.)

CleopatraSoleReign,26-125. C.

7 Tetr. A). ZIIP SCleopatraandAntiochus III

Joint eign,25-121. C.8 Tetr. A). - t9 " (Ph). znp10 AE(Unit).

11 " " ft or H-12 AE( ). " (Municipalssue).13 Tetr. Ph). IfflP t14 AE(Unit).«•"(A)"followingenominationenotesheAttic eight

system,(Ph)"denoteshe hoenician.





No. Denom Date Monograms15 AE(yí). HIIP (Municipalssue).16 Tetr. A). ©IIP t17 AE(Unit). ©nP18 AEW). " m orFN rN.

(Municipalssue).19 Tetr. A). AqP t 4*20 Tetr. Ph). BqP21 14 " " rîï

Antiochus IIIFirstReign,21-113 .C.

22 Tetr. Ph). BqP t23 AE(}4). " (Municipalssue).24 Tetr. Ph). rqP M25 AE(}4). " (Municipalssue).26 Tetr. Ph). EqP M27 AE(¿¿). " " orA. (Municipal

Issue).28 Tetr. A). - " (Nudeigure).29 Tetr. Ph). ÇqP30 Didr.Ph). ZqP31 Tetr. Ph). " AT32 Tetr. A). - M (Drapedigure).33 Tetr. Ph). HqP AT34 Didr.Ph). ©qP35 Tetr. A). -36 " - " <J>

AntiochusX CyzicenusFirstReign,13-108. C.

37 Tetr. A). - AT S38 " - " STAR





No. Denom. Date Monograms39 Tetr. A). - star AT ±40 " - " " ± (in he

exergue).41 - ÊÍ42 -0»43 Tetr. Ph). LAS £44 Tetr. A). - "45 Ob. LAS itiMunicipalssue).46 Tetr. Ph). LBS A47 Tetr. A). -48 " - i-r49 " - " CORNUCOPIAS50 Tetr. Ph). LAS H51 Tetr. Ph). LÇS barley-stalkwithM

IIDAMASCUS

Antiochus II Sidetes138-129 . C.

52 Tetr. AOP M53 " EOP 1 A54 Dr. - " W55 Tetr. ÇOP AE P*56 " HOP " W57 " @OP58 " " * e.59 " np AE60 " "61 " Anp AE62 " " 7)63 " BIIP RorW





No. Denom. Date Monograms64 Tetr. BIIP ft65 44 HIP 41 A66

44 44N

DemetriusISecondeign, 29-126/5. C.

67 Tetr. HIP NAorAN68 44 AIIP H69 44 41 X70 44 EIIP71 44 KH W72 Tetr. ÇYIP 44or W, ft73 44 44 A Û74 Dr. -75 Tetr. ZIIP KN -ft7 44 * 4477 44 44 44 * KH

AlexanderI125-123. C.

78 Tetr. ZIIP Kf7 44 HnP 44orTO80 Dr.81 Tetr. 0IIP82 44 44 44 Wor083 44 44 Pf 4 4 4484 44 qp85 4 4 4 ß





Cleopatraand Antiochus III122-120 . C.

No. Denom. Date Monograms86 Tetr. AqP V #87 14 BqP88 44 44 44 AN

Antiochus IIIFirstReign,20-113 .C.

89 Tetr. rqP AP AN90 " 44 44 ES91 44 # W92 " Aqp A93 44 44 AP ES94

« « «95 " - " 1196 44 EqP * 44 (Nude)97 44 4 4 4 (Draped)98 « _99 41 çqp 44 *

100 44 zqp101 44 44 W102 44 44 44 EX103 44 Hqp104 44 MS KHios 44 ©qp

AntiochusXCyzicenusFirstReign,13-109. C.

106 Tetr. S £ ES107 44 44 M108 44 AS if109 44 44 44 n110 44 BS 44 Aí





Antiochus IIISecondeign,fter 09 B. C.

No. Denom. Date Monograms111 Tetr. AS XH112 " " (?) " X113 " ES " XH114 " ©SS ¿KM

Demetrius II

96-87B. C.115 Tetr. ZIS k ļ| R116 " "AN117 AE(Unit). " k117a118 AE(J¿). " " *119 Tetr. HIS NA"120 AE(Unit). " k X121 AE(K). "122 " " N123 Tetr. ©IS " A "124 AE(Unit). " " A125 AE(y2.126 Tetr. AKS N A127 " BKS " E128 " TKS " A "129 " AKS130 " E KS " ♦ "131 AE(Unit). - NI <řl





Antiochus II87-84B. C.

No. Denom. Date Monograms132 Tetr. ÇK2 îtl133 " ZKS CT A134 " -135 AE(Unit). - rfi Fullnscription)136 AE(X). - 44 "137 AE(Unit). - " (WithoutIONTSOT)138 AE(Ji). - 44139 44 - Nikeype.140 AE(Unit). - ita or rtï141 AE(K). - 44 4 4142 AE

(Unit).- II

143 AE(K). - 44Aretas II

Circa4-72B. C.144 AE(Unit). - At Nike-Tychetand-

ing.145 AE(#). - 44Femaletanding.146AE(Unit). - " Tycheeated.Tigranes he Great

72-69B.C.147Tetr. AMS N A148 " BMS PI OEOí» A149 41 TMS150 AE(Unit). - N151 11 - ©EO$152 AE(K). ~ Pi153 AE(#?). - 0EO$






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Documents

Late Seleucid mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus / by Edward T. Newell