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2010 University of Wisconsin Eau Claire Tym Hanson ES 608 Dr. Kate Reynolds [INSTRUCTIONAL LANGUAGE ANALYSIS] The language analysis conducted was based on the language used by a teacher in a high school math class in Eau Claire, Wisconsin during the 2010 fall academic year. The part’s of speech, tenses, grammatical structures, figurative language, and the vocabulary used by the teacher were all included within the analysis. A mini grammar work shop on a common grammatical structure present in the language analysis data will follow the analysis.

Language Analysis

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Classroom Language Analysis of a high school math class.

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2010  

University  of  Wisconsin  Eau  Claire    Tym  Hanson    ES  608    Dr.  Kate  Reynolds  

[INSTRUCTIONAL  LANGUAGE  ANALYSIS]  The  language  analysis  conducted  was  based  on  the  language  used  by  a  teacher  in  a  high  school  math  class  in  Eau  Claire,  Wisconsin  during  the  2010  fall  academic  year.  The  part’s  of  speech,  tenses,  grammatical  structures,  figurative  language,  and  the  vocabulary  used  by  the  teacher  were  all  included  within  the  analysis.  A  mini  grammar  work  shop  on  a  common  grammatical  structure  present  in  the  language  analysis  data  will  follow  the  analysis.    

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Language  Analysis    

Demonstratives    “This  Fraction  is  equal  to  the  value  of  the  fraction  on  the  other  side”  (pronoun)  

“This  equation  is  much  better  suited….”  (Pronoun)  “This  line  of  regression  is  much  better”  (determiner)  

                     Commands  (“if”  clause  commands)  

“Let  me  know  if  you  graph  does  not  look  like  this  by  raising  your  hand”  “Raise  your  hand  if  after  plugging  in  the  correct  window…”  

                                                                 Comparisons  

“Do  the  graphs  on  your  calculator  look  the  same  on  both  sides?  “Do  both  graphs  have  an  equal  number  of  concavity  points?”  

“How  is  the  cross-­‐graphing  method  different  from  the  plot-­‐check  method?”    

                                                               Contractions          “Who’s”,  “I’m”,  “We’re”,  “They’ve”,  “We’ve”  

                                                                                                           Idiomatic  Expressions  

“In  a  nutshell…”  “Keep  an  eye  out…”  

“If  you  find  the  cross  graph  formula  escapes  you,  remember...”    

“Just”  as  tricky  Adverbial  Modifier  “it’s  just  something  you’ll  need  to  remember.”  

“just  make  sure  to  do  it  always  do  it  to  both  sides.”    

Adjectival  clauses          “The  sample  data  that  we  took  from…”  

 Comprehension  Checks  

“How  are  we  here?  “Yeah?”  

“everyone  okay  with  these?”  Good?  

 Clarification  Requests  

“You  multiply  what  by  what?”  

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Instructional  Vocabulary  Used      

Chart  Constant    Congruent  

Continuous  function    Data  points  

Regression  line  Linear  Linear  equality  

“What’s  that?”  Does  it  mean  what?  

“Alright?”    

                                         Signal  Cues  for  Repeating  Information  “Once  Again,…”  “You’ll,  again…”  

 Pronouns  

“Itself”  (Number)  “It”  (Answer,  formula,  graph,  line,  calculator,  )  

 Present  Progressive  Tense  What  I’m  saying  is  that…”  

“Why  I’m  spending  so  much  time  “I’m  showing  you  this  so  you  will  know  what  not  to  do  later”  

 Future  Tense  “So,  we’ll  recap”  

“How  will  you  go  about  this?    “Will  you  see  the  correct  regression  plot  if  you  plug  in  the  data  set  A  for  B?”  

 Subordinate  Phrases/Clauses  

“…in  any  case…”  “...on  the  one  hand…”  

“Before  I  can  do  this,  I  need  to…”  “…while  still  maintaining  that  idea…”  “After  you  add  it  on  the  right  side…”  

 Conditional  Clauses  

                                                                                               (if+  simple  present,  future)  “It’s  possible  and  also  likely  that  the  data  points  will  not  match  up  exactly”  

                                                           (if  +  Simple  Past,  Conditional  I)    “If  I  found  that  it  was  the  same,  I  would  plug  in  the  formula  on  the  

other  side”  

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Linear  inequality  Identity  Identify  Concave    Concavity  Plot  Factor  Expression  Formula  

y-­‐intercept  X-­‐intercept  Slope  Mean  Median  Erroneous  Bundles  Reflect  Predict  

Summarize  Findings  Analyze  Indicates  Phenomenon  Inconsistent  Fluctuating  Gender  Wage  Gap  

 Index:  The  ______________________  above  indicates  a  break  from  math  to  non-­‐math  terms  present  in  the  language  of  instruction      Mini-­‐workshop  on  subordinate  clauses        I.  Give  students  a  written  transcript  of  a  piece  of  authentic  speech  that  incorporates  an  appropriate  number  of  the  grammatical  structure  we  are  identifying  and  has  relevance  to  the  unit  this  mini  workshop  is  a  part  of,  (this  can  be  modified  based  upon  the  audience  of  the  mini  workshop).      

1.  Give  students  a  written  passage  (of  a  piece  of  the  most  authentic  material  you  can  get)  that  incorporates  an  appropriate  number  of  the  grammatical  structure  we  are  identifying  and  that  has  relevance  to  the  unit  this  mini  workshop  is  a  part  of,  (this  can  be  modified  based  upon  the  audience  of  the  mini  workshop).    

 2. Have  students  read  the  transcript  individually  and  take  notes.    

 3. Bring  students  together  in  group,  and  collect  feedback  from  what  the  

students  gathered  from  the  transcript.  “Was  easy  or  difficult  to  figure  out  meaning?    What  were  the  main  ideas?    

 4. Now,  give  students  a  revised  dialogue  having  taken  out  all  of  the  subordinate  

clauses.    

5. Suggest  to  students  they  do  the  same  reading  technique  with  this  passage,  and  try  to  reflect  on  the  difference  between  the  two.    

 6. After  reading  of  the  second  passage,  have  students  get  into  groups  of  3  to  

quickly  talk  about  what  they  thought  was  the  difference  between  the  two.  Ask,  were  they  able  to  deuce  the  same  meaning,  was  one  easier  than  other,  were  you  able  to  know  what  was  going  on  more  in  one  than  the  other,  was  one  incomplete  and  did  it  leave  you  hanging?  Was  one  more  enjoyable  to  read  than  the  other?    

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 7. Bring  students  back  to  large  group  workshop  discussion  and  give  them  a  list  

of  common  subordinate  conjunctions:  (picking  and  choosing  to  expound  on  the  primary  examples  based  upon  the  content  of  instruction)  

 after  although  as  because  before  even  if  even  though  if  in  order  that  

once  provided  that  rather  than  since  so  that  than  that  though  unless  

until  when  whenever  where  whereas  wherever  whether  while  why  

 8. Now  take  a  look  at  some  examples  pre-­‐constructed  on  a  keynote  

presentation  or  created  and  placed  on  the  dot-­‐cam:    After  Tym  sneezed  all  over  the  nachos  After  =  subordinate  conjunction;  Amy  =subject;  sneezed  =  verb.    Once  Marco  smashed  an  ugly  spider    Once  =  subordinate  conjunction;  Adam  =subject;  smashed  =  verb.    Until  Choua  has  her  first  bowl  of  oatmeal  Until  =  subordinate  conjunction;  Choua=  subject;  has  =  verb.    

• These  clauses  (or  string  of  words)  cannot  stand  alone  as  a  sentence,  but  why?  Is  it  because  they  do  not  provide  a  complete  thought?  The  reader  is  left  wondering,  "So  what  happened?"  Do  we  know  what  happened  in  these  statements?  Are  they  complete  thoughts  with  everything  a  sentence  needs  in  them?    

 § Review  what  a  sentence  needs  if  necessary.    

 • No,  we  don’t  know  what  happened,  we  are  missing  stuff  right?    

In  the  statement,  “after  Tym  sneezed  all  over  the  nachos,”  we  don’t  know  what  happened?  Did  Kou  throw  it  in  the  garbage?  Or  did  they  wipe  off  the  nachos  and  continued  eating  them?  We  don’t  know,  so  it  not  a  complete  thought,  and  its  a  fragment.  

 • Once  Marco  smashed  the  spider  

What  happens?  Did  Asha  cheer  him  on  for  his  bravery  or  did  she  explain  to  him  the  cruelty  in  what  he  did?  We  don’t  know,  do  we?  So,  it  is….?  A  not  complete  thought  or  sentence,  right—it  is  a  fragment.  

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 • “Until  Choua  has  her  first  bowl  of  oatmeal”,  this  is  not  complete  either,  right?  

We  don’t  know  what  happens?  Is  she  too  sleepy  to  go  to  school,  or  is  she  grumpy?      

 • So,  when  we  hear  or  read  these  types  of  phrases,  we  know  that  something  

else  is  to  come,  right?  Something  we  will  need  to  listen  for  to  have  the  thought  make  sense  and  be  complete?    

 • Attaching  these  phrases  to  the  main  phrase  or  clause  

When  you  attach  these  phrases  or  subordinate  clauses  (emphasizing  they  need  not  memorize  this,  but  instead,  the  ideas  behind  it)  in  front  of  a  main  part  of  the  sentence  that  this  phrase  leads  up  to,  we  use  a  comma  to  make  sure  we  let  the  reader  know  the  relationships  between  what  we  are  saying  like  this:  

 • Even  though  the  broccoli  was  covered  in  cheddar  cheese,  Emily  refused  to  

eat  it.    

• Unless  Christine  finishes  her  algebra  homework  before  the  game,  she  will  have  to  stay  at  home  with  her  aunt  and  listen  to  the  game  on  the  radio.    

 • The  bold  part  is  the  leading  up  part,  and  the  un-­‐bolded  part  is  the  part  of  the  

sentence  that  we  need  to  know  in  order  for  the  whole  sentence  to  make  sense.  In  this  sense,  the  un-­‐bolded  sections  acts  as  the  parts  that  informs  us  in  the  “what  happened”  part  of  the  sentence.  The  part  that  was  omitted  in  the  sentences  we  practiced  earlier  that  made  the  sentence  incomplete,  we  didn’t  know  what  happened,  and  thus,  the  sentence  were  incorrect.    

 9. As  the  students  to  think  about  what  they  learned  about  using  and  

understanding  subordinate  clauses  (the  phrases  in  a  sentence  that  start  with  those  words  we  looked  that  alert  the  reader  there  is  something  else  to  come)  and  bring  them  back  to  the  passage  they  thought  was  a  more  interesting  read,  etc.  and  why  might  using  and  understanding  this  grammatical  construct  (in  different  words)  be  important  to  us?      

10. (option  and/or  extension  based  upon  student  work)  Read  a  new  passage  and  have  students  try  to  take  down  the  most  important  notes,  looking  closely  for  the  attention  to  subordinate  conjunctions  from  their  list  as  signal  words  for  the  subordinate  clauses.  

 11.  Listen  for  feedback  and  oral  explanation  of  their  findings,  but  also  digitally  

collect  their  work  to  ensure  comprehension