English Language Need Analysis Thesis

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BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF

GRAGUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

MASTER OF EDUCATION IN ‘TEFL’

IDENTIFYING STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE NEEDS

IN PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGES IN BAHIR DAR

BY MINASIE GESSESSE

JANUARY, 2009

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IDENTIFYING STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE NEEDS IN

PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGES IN BAHIR DAR

BY MINASIE GESSESSE

A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE SCHOOL OF

GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTERS OF EDUCATION IN ‘TEFL’

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF

GRAGUATE STUDIES

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IDENTIFYING STUDENTS’ LANGUAGE NEEDS IN

PRIVATE MEDICAL COLLEGES IN BAHIR DAR

BY MINASIE GESSESSE

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APPROVED BY:

_________________________ ______________

Advisor Signature

E!a"iner Signature

E!a"iner Signature

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

$irst%&, I 'ou%d %i(e to e!tend "& a))re*iation to "& advisor +o*tor Ai& Yig-a' .or /is

va%ua%e *o""ents to "& 'or( a**o")%is/"ent in a .riend%& )ro.essiona% "anner and

.or /is .at/er%& a*tive a))roa*/ o. tea*/ing Se*ond%&, "& /eart.e%t gratitude is to "&

'i.e Be%etu Ba/iru and "& daug/ter E)/rata Minasie .or t/eir un.ai%ing ins)irationa%

"otive t/at t/e& in*u%*ate in "& "ind '/i*/ en.or*es "e to .ina%i-e "& )a)er on ti"e I

a" indeted a%so to "& "ot/er E"et Bit/on idie, to t/e '/o%e .a"i%& .or t/eir *ordia%

"ora% and "ateria% su))ort Aove and e&ond, t/e at*/ t/at I /ave %earned 'it/ /as /ad

sustantia% *ontriutions in "& 'or( in *onstru*ting "& 'rong%& )er*eived ideas 'it/

ne' s*ienti.i* )ers)e*tives $ina%%&, I 'ou%d %i(e to e!tend "& outrig/t gratitude to

+o*tor Ree**a Si"on .or /er /u"orous, .riend%&, order%&, )%anned and s&ste"ati*

tea*/ing st&%e, to Mrs E"i%& Boerse"a .or /er devotion in /e%)ing t/e at*/ to /ave

esta%is/ed )u%is/ed arti*%e 'riting st&%e & /anding i""ense arti*%es '/i*/ t/e

resear*/er /as .ound sustantia% 4ast ut not %east, I 'ou%d %i(e to ad"ire Ato Mu%ugeta

.or /is .res/ "e"ories in %earning resear*/ "et/ods in %anguage tea*/ing and t/e

de)art"ent o. Eng%is/ and sta.. "e"ers .or t/eir "anner%& *oo)erativeness .or ever&

gears o. "& stud&

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Abstract

The importance of conducting needs has been found fundamental. The aim of this study

has been to identify English language needs of Alkan, Kiyamed and Gambi Medical

colleges in Bahir Dar ton. Three hundred students and fi!e teachers, and fi!e e"ecuti!e

bodies of each of the medical colleges and the Amhara Bureau of Education and #ealth

Bureau had participated in the study. The methods of data collection ere semi$

structured %uestionnaire, semi$structured inter!ie and document analysis. The data

collection methods ere referring to the language skills, language use, language testing,

teaching methods, and other related issues to E&' (English for Academic 'urposes).

Both descripti!e and inferential statistics had been employed in analy*ing the ra data

collected. +uota and random, comprehensi!e, and purposi!e samplings ere used to the

students, to the teachers and e"ecuti!e bodies respecti!ely. The result shos that

speaking and reading are fa!orite skills of the students hile the teachers recommend

speaking and riting as the most important skills to medical students. eported speech,

communicati!e acti!ities and tense types ere found the grammatical and functional

language needs of the students. The teachers and the students prescribe the need of

learning E&' for the best possible English use in their field of study hile the e"ecuti!e

bodies suggested G'E. -sing !arying items in testing (depending on their needs) is

recommended to meet the di!ersified needs of the students. Thus, the colleges and

Bureau of education and Bureau of #ealth need to emphasis the need of the students and

ha!e to re!ise the present day materials in light ith the students needs.

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LISTS OF TABLES AND A FIGURE

$igure21 7/at needs ana%&sis esta%is/es

8a%e 22 4ist o. Needs Identi.ied in Needs Ana%&sis 4iterature

8a%e 31Biodata o. Students

8a%e #1 Students ur)oses o. 4earning Eng%is/

8a%e #2 Students Attitudes to'ards Eng%is/ :ourses

8a%e #3 Students Ma*ro S(i%%s :/oi*es in +e)art"ents

8a%e ## Students 4anguage Ite"s )re.eren*es

8a%e #5 Students Eva%uation S&ste" 7ants

8a%e #6 Students o'n eva%uation o. t/eir )resent Eng%is/ ai%it&

8a%e #; Students Rea*tion to t/e 4earning ro*ess

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LISTS OF APPENDIXES

A))endi! 1Students >uestionnaire

A))endi! 28ea*/ers >uestionnaire

A))endi! 3 Sta(e/o%ders Intervie' roto*o%

A))endi! # Ra' +ata o. Intervie' Ana%&sis

A))endi! 5 Students ur)oses ?. 4earning, 4anguage re.eren*es and 7ants ?.

7a&s o. 8esting

A))endi! 6 Mi*ro s(i%%s :/oi*es o. A%(an, i&a"ed and Ga"i Medi*a% :o%%eges

A))endi! ; Mi*ro s(i%%s :/oi*es o. /ar"a*& 8e*/ni*ian +e)art"ent Students ?.

8/e :o%%eges

A))endi!


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………….I

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………...II

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………..IIILIST OF APPENDIXES……………………………………………………………….IV

CHAPTER ONE_ INTRODUCTION.........................................

11 Ba*(ground o. t/e stud&1

12 State"ent o. t/e )ro%e"313 Signi.i*an*e o. t/e stud&#

1# ?@e*tive o. t/e stud&#

15 +e%i"itation o. t/e stud&5 16 4i"itations o. t/e stud&5

1; Areviations e")%o&ed in t/e stud&5CHAPTER TWO _ REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE.!

21 Eng%is/ .or s)e*i.i* )ur)oses and its */ara*teristi*s6

22 ES and Genera% ur)ose Eng%is/;23 Needs Ana%&sis;

2# :ondu*ting needs ana%&sis and its rationa%e<

25 7/& do 'e *ondu*t needs ana%&sis in "edi*a% *o%%eges926 :o")onents o. needs ana%&sis11

2; Met/ods, "ateria%s, s(i%%s, %anguage, and testing in ES1#

./.0. Methods of teaching in E&' 1#

./.. Materials in E&' 15

./.1. &kills in E&' 16

./.2. 3anguage in E&' 1;

./.4. Testing in E&' 1;

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1..1. Document analysis26

3# +ata *o%%e*tion )ro*edures2635 8/e "et/ods o. data ana%&sis2;

CHAPTER FOUR_ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION.............."#

#1 $indings2<

#11 Students res)onses to )ersona% in.or"ation 2<2.0.0.0. &tudents5 purposes of learning and language use2<

2.0.0.. &tudents attitude toards the English courses29

2.0.. The students5 language, e!aluation and learning needs30

2.0..0. The students5 macro skills choices30

2.0... The students5 micro skills choices31

2.0..1. &tudents grammatical and functional language needs322.0..2. &tudents5 choices of e!aluation systems33

2.0..4. &tudents on 6udgments of their present language ability3#

2.0..7. &tudents reaction to the learning process35

#13 8/e tea*/ers res)onses 36

2.0.1.0. Teachers5 le!els of the macro skills3;

2.0.1.. Teachers !ies of students5 difficulty3<

2.0.1.1. Types of tests hich the teachers use39

2.0.1.2. Goals of the medical colleges from the teachers5 perspecti!e#0

2.0.1.4. Teachers reactions about teaching materials#1

#1# Ana%&sis o. intervie'ees res)onses#3#2 Genera% dis*ussion#6

CHAPTER FIVE_ SUMMARY$ CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................%&

51 Su""ar&50 52 :on*%usion51

53 Genera% re*o""endation51BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................%'

APPENDIXES…………………………………………………..%(

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DECLARATION

I de*%are t/at t/e t/esis is "& *reative 'or( and /as not een a**essi%e .or adegree in an& ot/er universit&, and t/at a%% sour*es t/at are used in t/e t/esis /ave een

du%& a*(no'%edged

Minasie Gessesse 4etta

Signature

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8/is t/esis /as een su"itted .or t/e e!a"ination 'it/ "& a))rova% as universit&

Ma@or Advisor +r Ai& Yig-a' F/+

Asso*iate )ro.essor

Signature

+ate

:o Advisor

Signature

+ate

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CHAPTER ONE_ INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the study

8/oug/ t/ere are ot/er internationa% %anguages '/i*/ are t/riving around t/e 'or%d,

Mandarin and S)anis/, .or e!a")%e, Eng%is/ is sti%% )%a&ing a *entra% ro%e in edu*ation,

toget/er 'it/ t/e ra)id%& a**e%erating te*/no%ogi*a% so)/isti*ation Fe!*/anging

in.or"ation using eH"ai%, ro'sing 'esites, attending te%e*on.eren*es, et* FGraddo%,

2006 8ea*/ing Eng%is/ around t/e 'or%d /as o@e*tives o. e")o'ering %earners to get

a**ess to te*/ni*a%, edu*ationa%, or )ro.essiona% o))ortunities F:anagara@a/, 2002 2005,

as *ited in Cin(e% 2006 Et/io)ia needs to e")o'er t/e students to "aster Eng%is/ .or

te*/ni*a%, a*ade"i* and )ro.essiona% )ur)oses 4earning Eng%is/ *an e seen .ro" t'o

road )ers)e*tives It *an e %earned eit/er .or genera% )ur)oses or .or s)e*i.i* )ur)oses

Medi*a% students, .or e!a")%e, use Eng%is/ .or s)e*i.i* )ur)oses 8/us, "ateria%

designers and )o%i*& "a(ers need to ta(e into a**ount t/e )rin*i)a% reasons o. tea*/ing

and %earning Eng%is/ .or Medi*a% ur)oses FEM As Aut/or F200#, as *ited in Cu%%

F200; /as i%%ustrated, t/e ai%it& to )rovide sa.e and *o")etent )ra*ti*e in Eng%is/ s/ou%d

e t/e )riorit& o. a%% EM *urri*u%u"s Students *an )ossi%& indo*trinate )ra*ti*a%

(no'%edge o. Eng%is/ '/en t/eir needs are 'e%% *onsidered in t/e *urri*u%u" t/e& %earn

$or t/e %ast t'o de*ades, %earnerH*entered *urri*u%u" /as */a%%enged t/e to)Hdo'n,

i")osed *urri*u%u" in :anada, USA, United ingdo", Austra%ia and ot/er Euro)ean

*ountries FCar"er, 1991, as *ited in Cu%%, 200; Cu%% /as di*tated t/at t/ere are even

institutions %i(e 'ant%en Universit& :o%%ege in :anada, '/i*/ assess t/eir students

needs ever& &ear .or "eaning.u% */ange in t/e .a*u%t& and in t/e de)art"ent as 'e%% 8/is

(ind o. otto"Hu) a))roa*/ is not tru%& e!er*ised in Et/io)ia .or so"e reasons ?ne

)ossi%e reason is t/at as Ai& F1990 /as noted, "ateria%s 'ere )re)ared s)ontaneous%&

in Et/io)ia e.ore Bararas F19


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so"e .inger *ount resear*/ 'or(s t/at /ave een done & so"e s*/o%ars FCai%e, 19


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1.2. Statement of the problem

A%(an, i&a"ed and Ga"i Medi*a% :o%%eges in Ba/ir +ar are using Grade 11 and Grade

12 te!ts as *ourse oo(s 8ea*/ing "edi*a% students in t/e sa"e 'a& as ot/er )re)arator&

s*/oo% students, /o'ever does not %ead to good resu%ts Mun& F19;


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.urt/er re%ated detai% o. (no'ing t/e '/& o. *ondu*ting needs ana%&sis in "edi*a%

*o%%eges

8/us, t/is stud& ai"s at res)onding to t/e .o%%o'ing Duestions

7/at are t/e %anguage needs o. t/e )rivate "edi*a% *o%%ege students in Ba/ir

+ar to'n

Co' do t/e tea*/ers, t/e e!e*utive odies o. t/e "edi*a% *o%%eges, A"/ara

Bureau o. Cea%t/ and A"/ara Bureau o. Edu*ation vie' t/e "edi*a% *o%%ege

students needs in re%ation to t/e e!isting )rogra"

1.3. Objective of the study

8/e )rin*i)a% o@e*tive o. t/is )a)er is to .ind t/e %anguage needs o. "edi*a% *o%%egestudents in Ba/ir +ar to'n in re%ation to t/e )rin*i)%es o. ES, t/e e!isting te!too(s and

t/e vie's o. t/e tea*/ers, t/e e!e*utive odies o. Bureau o. Edu*ation, Bureau o. Cea%t/

and "edi*a% *o%%eges

1.. Significance of the study

8/is stud& /as sustantia% *ontriutions to ot/ t/e nationa% and regiona% "edi*a% *o%%eges

in "an& 'a&s $irst%&, t/is resear*/ 'or( *an e used as en*/"ar( to so%ve students

)ro%e"s o. Eng%is/ %anguage %earning in re%ation to t/eir .ie%ds o. stud& Se*ond%&, t/e

.indings o. t/is )a)er 'i%% /ave t/eir o'n i")a*t on "edi*a% *o%%eges o. Ba/ir +ar to'n

to .ind so%utions to t/eir students %anguage )ro%e"s to "eet t/eir needs and to .a*i%itate

tea*/ingH%earning )ro*ess e..i*ient%& It a%so /e%)s "ateria% 'riters and *ourse designers

to ada)t, ado)t, deve%o) or )re)are "ateria%s, de)ending on t/e ga) et'een t/e students

)resent situation ana%&sis and t/eir target needs $ro" t/e nationa% vie' )oint, t/e stud&

a%so entai%s )o%i*& re*o""endation issues in %eve%ing a sound a))roa*/ o. tea*/ingEng%is/ '/i*/ "eets t/e students s)e*i.i* needs B& t/e sa"e to(en, t/e stud& *an a%so

e .unda"enta% in deter"ining t/e *entra% ro%e o. Eng%is/ .or S)e*i.i* ur)oses FES .or

dis*i)%ine s)e*i.i* studies a*ross t/e *ountr&

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1.!. "elimitation of the study

8/e stud& ai"ed at identi.&ing t/e %anguage needs o. t/e students in re%ation to t/e

)ersona% needs, "a*ro and "i*ro s(i%%s testing %earning )ro*ess and t/eir *onsideration

o. Eng%is/ 'it/ t/eir o'n @udg"ents o. Eng%is/ )ro.i*ien*& ?t/er essentia%ities %i(e

%earning st&%es and %earning strategies 'ere not .o*used on t/oug/ t/e& are )resented in

Table .. 8/e attitudes and suggestions o. t/e tea*/ers, e!e*utive odies and *o%%ege

)rin*i)a%s 'ere "ani)u%ated in t/e stud& to see *o""onness and di..eren*e o. t/eir vie's

regarding t/e students de"anding %anguage needs

1.#. $imitations of the study

8/oug/ t/e resear*/ tries to in*%ude ot/ Dua%itative and Duantitative data *o%%e*tion

instru"ents & *o%%aorating ot/er sta(e/o%ders ot/er t/an t/e students sti%% t/ere are

ga)s a"ong t/e su@e*ts o. t/e stud& 8/ese ga)s need again e va%idated & ot/er

resear*/ers using oservation, and *o")re/ensive do*u"ent ana%&sis '/i*/ *overs a

'ide area 'it/ "u%ti)%e )arti*i)ations o. *on*erned odies a"ong t/e "edi*a% *o%%eges

'/i*/ are se%e*ted as sa")%es Besides, t/e stud& *o")rises on%& t/ree "edi*a% *o%%eges

.ro" "an& o. si"i%ar *o%%eges around t/e *ountr& 8/is again "a& de*rease t/e e!terna%

va%idit& o. t/e stud&

1.%. Abbreviations employed in the study

ES Eng%is/ .or S)e*i.i* ur)oses

EM Eng%is/ .or Medi*a% ur)oses

EA Eng%is/ .or A*ade"i* ur)oses

E? Eng%is/ .or ?**u)ationa% ur)oses

GE Genera% ur)oses Eng%is/

E$4 Eng%is/ .or $oreign 4anguage

ES4 Eng%is/ .or Se*ond 4anguage

8B48 :ontent Based 4anguage 8ea*/ing

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CHAPTER TWO _ REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. &nglish for specific purposes and its characteristics

8/ere are t/ree grou)s o. t/oug/ts in ES 8/e .irst grou) sa&s t/at ES is an a))roa*/ in

%anguage tea*/ing in '/i*/ t/e *ontents and "et/ods o. tea*/ing are de*ided & t/e

%earners t/e"se%ves FCut*/inson and 7aters, 19


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V1241),/ C01213/24*43*

1 ES "a& e re%ated to or designed .or s)e*i.i* dis*i)%ines

2 ES "a& use, in s)e*i.i* tea*/ing situations, a di..erent "et/odo%og& .ro" t/at o.

Genera% Eng%is/

3 ES is %i(e%& to e designed .or adu%t %earners, eit/er at a tertiar& %eve% institution or in

a )ro.essiona% 'or( situation It *ou%d, /o'ever, e .or %earners at se*ondar& s*/oo%

%eve%

# ES is genera%%& designed .or inter"ediate or advan*ed students

5 Most ES *ourses assu"e so"e asi* (no'%edge o. t/e %anguage s&ste"

2.2. &S' and (eneral 'urpose &nglish

$ro" t/e aove asi* */ara*teristi*s 'e *an sa& t/at ES /as its o'n "et/od o. tea*/ing,

.or s)e*i.i* students 'it/ its o'n a*tivities /aving a de.ined gra""ar, %e!is, register,

stud& s(i%%s, dis*ourse and genre 'it/ )ossi%& s)e*i.i* tea*/ing situations .or s)e*i.i*

dis*i)%ines to *ertain grou)s o. students In t/e *ontrar&, GE is a "ode% designed to

/eterogeneous grou)s o. students to deve%o) *o")re/ensive, de"anding asi* %anguage

issues 'it/ a "u%tivariate )ur)oses & integrating s(i%%s 8/oug/ E)/re"e F200# sa&st/at GE goa%s are )redeter"ined & institutions 'it/ t/e ai" o. deve%o)ing unde.ined

genera% )ro.i*ien*&, need ana%&sis is a%so a )/eno"enon o. GE FCut*/inson and 7aters,

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Cut*/inson and 7aters F19


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dis*i)%ines '/i*/ t/e students are stud&ing Students are e!)e*ted to ta(e t'o Eng%is/

*ourses t/at are )re)ared .or a%% )re)arator& /ig/ s*/oo% students a*ross t/e *ountr&

8/ese te!ts are )re)ared in .o*us o. te!tHased *o""uni*ative %anguage tea*/ing 8/ese

te!ts are i")osed u)on "edi*a% *o%%ege students 'it/out *ondu*ting rea%isti* needs

ana%&sis o. t/e students 8/e te!too(s are designed in %ine 'it/ t/e 199# Ne'

Edu*ationa% and 8raining o%i*& o. Et/io)ia, a do*u"ent '/i*/ states t/at genera% needs

ana%&sis /as een *ondu*ted in so"e se%e*ted /ig/ s*/oo%s

Nevert/e%ess, *ondu*ting nation'ide needs ana%&sis o. /ig/ s*/oo% students does not

testi.& t/e */ara*teristi* .eatures o. "edi*a% students Students in t/e "edi*a% *o%%eges

var& in t/eir age, needs and )ur)oses o. %earning Eng%is/ to /ig/ s*/oo% students Cu%%

F200; /as a%so di*tated t/at Eng%is/ .or Medi*a% ur)oses FEM is *%assi.ied under t/e

*ategor& o. dis*i)%ineHs)e*i.i* %anguage %earning Fsee a%so +ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/n,

199


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"ateria%s, and again e eva%uated .or its e..e*tiveness using t/e needs ana%&sis 8/us,

*ondu*ting needs ana%&sis o. "edi*a% *o%%ege students is )art o. a so%ution .or dis*i)%ine

s)e*i.i* "ateria% deve%o)"ent and eva%uation $ro" t/e a.ore"entioned revie's,

t/ere.ore, it is )ossi%e to *on*%ude t/at *ondu*ting needs ana%&sis and )re)aring t/e

Eng%is/ %anguage *ourses a**ording to t/e needs o. t/e students, is ovious%&

.unda"enta%

2.#. *omponents of needs analysis

8/e )resent resear*/er /as .ound ada)ting t/e "ode% o. +ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/ns

F199


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+ t/e %earners %a*(s t/e ga)s et'een target situation ana%&sis and )resent situation

ana%&sis

E %anguage %earning in.or"ation t/is re.ers to e..e*tive 'a&s o. "eeting %earning

needs in order to .i%% t/eir ga)s

$ (no'%edge o. /o' %anguage and s(i%%s are used in t/e target situation

G in.or"ation aout t/e environ"ent in '/i*/ t/e *ourse 'i%% e run

8/e .o%%o'ing radia%Horgani-ationa% */art s/o's t/e *o")onent )arts o. needs ana%&sis in

'/i*/ a resear*/er need to .o*us on *ondu*ting needs ana%&sis 8/e t&)e o.

organi-ationa% */art is deter"ined & t/e resear*/er In +ud%&HEvans and S8 Jo/n F199


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needs are a%so )art o. t/e %iterature o. t/e aove s*/o%ars Masu/ara F199


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:onstraints Feg ti"e, udget, resour*es

/8asuhara 15569 'p. 2:0217

8/e aove t'o ta%es *%ear%& indi*ate asi* e%e"ents o. needs ana%&sis t/at s/ou%d e

.o*used on t/e data *o%%e*tion "e*/anis"s '/i*/ t/e resear*/er e")%o& 8/us,

Duestions in t/e Duestionnaire and in t/e intervie' are re%ated, in one 'a& or t/e

ot/er, to t/ese asi* e%e"ents o. needs ana%&sis Co'ever, %earning st&%es o. t/e

students /ave not asi*a%%& een dis*ussed in t/is resear*/ 'or( .or t/e resear*/er

'anted to e")/asi-e on t/e %anguage needs o. t/e students and .ro" t/e e%ie. t/at

%earning st&%e *an e a to)i* o. dis*ussion & its o'n

2.%. 8ethods4 materials4 skills4 language4 and testing in &S'

?n */a)ter t'o F)age 10 'e /ave dis*ussed t/at EM is dis*i)%ine s)e*i.i* %anguage

tea*/ing a))roa*/ .or students in "edi*a% .ie%ds S*/o%ars F+ud%&HEvans and S8 Jo/n,

199


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argu"entation, '/ere students %a& out argu"ents and )ersuade s(e)ti*a% readers

+ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/n F199


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et'een ES and genera% E48 is t/at t/e ES tea*/er 'i%% not e!)e*t to use a genera%

*ourse oo(s organi-ed around genera% /u"an interest to)i*s, situations, .un*tions, ut

'i%% e!)e*t at %east to re%ate to t/e students su@e*t s)e*ia%i-ations 7iddo'son, as *ited

& t/e sa"e )erson, /as advo*ated t/e *onstru*tion o. "ateria%s '/i*/ are 'it/in t/e

*o")eten*e o. t/e students )er.or"an*e 8/e aove "entioned s*/o%ars )res*rie

"ateria%s in ES need to deve%o) t/e students %anguage use ased on t/e e!isting *onte!t

o. %earning '/i*/ .it t/e students %eve%s Co' aout t/e "ateria%s in '/i*/ t/e "edi*a%

*o%%eges are %earning 'it/ 8/is is one area o. *on*ern o. t/is resear*/

2.%.3. Skills in &S'

S(i%%s o. a %anguage in ES are not de%ivered, a%an*ed and e!er*ised in t/e sa"e 'a& tot/e Genera% Eng%is/ +e)ending on t/e dis*i)%ine, t/e essentia% a*tivities and t/e .our

s(i%%s in )arti*u%ar )ro.ession are not e!)e*ted to e a*Duired in a a%an*ed "anner 8/e

de"anding s(i%%s .or t/e @ourna%ist and .or a nurse 'ou%d not e t/e sa"e $or e!a")%e,

in Bararas stud& t/e 4a' students in Addis Aaa Universit& /ave se%e*ted s)ea(ing

"ore t/an t/e ot/er s(i%%s +ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/n /ave re*o""ended t/at t/e ai%it&

to %isten to %e*ture "ono%ogue is )arti*u%ar%& essentia% in EA situation and t/is notion is

no' a**e)ted ot/ in resear*/ and tea*/ing "ateria%s ?n t/e %istening side "u*/

*o")re/ension 'or(, )arti*u%ar%& in EA, /as evo%ved around note ta(ing and s/o'ing

understanding & ans'ering Duestions on t/e *ontent F"ost%& & 'riting in.or"ation

do'n, '/et/er in )rose or in diagra""ati* .or"at F+ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/n, 199


29/81

Fes)e*ia%%& in t/e USA .or tea*/ing 'riting 8/e& /ave a%so .urt/er e!)%ained t/at

"edi*a% students need to read te!too(s and arti*%es and *o")i%e s/ort *%ini*a% essa&s and

re)orts in t/eir *areer Sin*e "edi*a% students do .reDuent%& re)ort t/eir 'or(, *reating

a'areness a"ong t/eir *%ients, "ani)u%ating )assive voi*e FRoinson, 19


30/81

dis*%osure va%ue Finstigating t/e students to a*/ieve t/eir goa%s and @usti.&ing t/e

e!isten*e o. t/e *ourse 8/us, tests in A%(an, i&a"ed and Ga"i Medi*a% :o%%eges 'i%%

e assessed '/et/er t/e& are re%ated to t/e students reason o. %earning Eng%is/ %anguage

or not

2.6. ;ighlights of the research ,orks that have been done abroad

8/ere are a nu"er o. resear*/ 'or(s t/at /ave een done in ot/er geogra)/i*a% areas

?unis F2005 at t/e Universit& o. Cad@ 4a*(/dar Batna, A%geria, s/o's t/at t/e students

urgent%& need Eng%is/ *ourses designed on t/eir %anguage needs Based on t/e .indings,

?unis /as re*o""ended )ra*titioners to *onsider t/e *urri*u%u" to de%iver an urgent

training in tea*/ing ES in A%geria 4i(e'ise, oon F19


31/81

s)ea(ing )/&si*ians /ave a )ara"ount attitudina% e..e*t on t/eir nurses S/e dis*overed

t/at )/&si*ians /aving )oor )ronun*iation 'ere eva%uated negative%&, '/i%e t/ose '/o

/ave etter )ronun*iation 'ere *onsidered as etter )/&si*ians & t/eir nurses

4i(e'ise, 7i%%ia"s F2006, as *ited in Cu%% /as .ound t/at *o""uni*ation and

vo*au%ar& %earning strategies s/ou%d e e")/asi-ed A%ano, :an*adeHragne%%, and

Ma*Garr& F199


32/81

e!a")%e, s)ea(ing s(i%% /ad een */osen .irst in t/e .a*u%t& o. 4a' Res)ondents .ro"

.a*u%t& o. s*ien*e, )/ar"a*&, te*/no%og& and "edi*ine /ad se%e*ted t/e "a*ro s(i%%, %a

re)orts "ost .reDuent%& In t/e sa"e 'a&, .a*u%t& o. /ar"a*& res)ondents /ad ran(ed

%istening and 'riting as t/e t'o "ost i")ortant s(i%%s

8/e aove stud& /as a signi.i*ant e..e*t in t/e )resent stud& '/i*/ .o*uses on students

.ro" "edi*a% *o%%eges in Ba/ir +ar 8/e se%e*ted s(i%%s /ave di..ered .or ot/ Medi*ine

and 4a' $a*u%t& students 8/is s/o's t/at t/e needs o. "edi*a% students and %a' students

'ere di..erent to t/at o. ot/er .a*u%ties students 8/us, t/e need o. "edi*a% students in

Bararas stud& /ad een s)e*i.i* to t/eir needs

Si"i%ar%&, Ai& F1990 /as a%so e!)%ored The communicati!e :eeds of the #igh &chools

in Addis Ababa *it& 8/e resu%t s/o'ed t/at t/e "a*roHs(i%%s 'ere .ound .unda"enta%

and 'ere ordered as .o%%o's %isteningH readingH 'riting and s)ea(ing Besides, t/e

students /ave se%e*ted "ost i")ortant "a*roHs(i%%s in ea*/ o. t/e .our s(i%%s Ai& .ina%%&

re*o""ended t/e .ort/*o"ing studies on t/e %anguage needs o. t/e %earners

8/e ot/er resear*/ 'or( in t/is area /as een done & Cai%e F19


33/81

su@e*ts, t/e area, and ti"e re.eren*e o. t/e stud& di..er to t/e aove resear*/ 'or(s

Ai& and Cai%e /ave re*o""ended .urt/er resear*/ 'or(s on t/e %anguage o. ES and its

varia%e res)e*tive%& 8/oug/ t/e %eve% and dis*i)%ine t/at t/is resear*/ 'or( e")/asi-es

di..er, atte")ting to .ind out t/e s)e*i.i* %anguage needs o. "edi*a% *o%%eges "a& )art%&

"eet t/e re*o""endation given & t/e"

33


34/81

CHAPTER THREE_ METHODOLOGY

3.1. 'articipants

arti*i)ants o. t/is resear*/ )ro@e*t 'ere se*ond &ear students, tea*/ers and e!e*utive

odies o. A%(an, i&a"ed and Ga"i Medi*a% :o%%eges and e!)ertise o. Region

8/ree Edu*ation Bureau and Cea%t/ Bureau Se*ond &ear students 'ere se%e*ted

.or t/e& are .a"i%iar 'it/ t/eir )revious Eng%is/ *ourse and t/e& 'ere sti%% ta(ing

si"i%ar Eng%is/ *ourses in t/e *o%%ege rivate "edi*a% *o%%eges 'ere se%e*ted as

institutiona% su@e*ts .or t/e& a**e)t "agni.i*ent nu"er o. students and /en*e

t/e& )%a& )rin*i)a% ro%e in t/e so*iet& 8/oug/ in.or"ation .ro" a%% t/ese

)arti*i)ants 'as )resu"a%& .unda"enta%, t/e "ain target grou)s 'ere students

'/o /ave een ta(ing t/e Eng%is/ *ourses in t/e *o%%eges

3.1.1. he students background

A%"ost a%% t/e students Fe!*e)t 13 students t/at .a%% aove 23 e%onged to t/e sa"e age

grou) t/at ranges .ro" 1


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T1),/ 16 G1;)4 K41;/7 A?/

R16?/

T+1,

S-)@/3*

1 4aorator& 8e*/ni*ian

$ 23 20 H 1


36/81

& 'ord A"/ari* trans%ation assistan*e to ea*/ o. t/e Duestions 7it/ a%% t/ese e..ort, t/e

tota% .ina%i-ed Duestionnaires 'ere 29# F9< su@e*ts to ea*/ o. t/e "edi*a% *o%%eges

Regarding t/e tea*/ers, a%% .ive o. t/e" /ad )arti*i)ated in t/e stud& .or t/e& 'ere

"anagea%e in nu"er Moreover, t/ree "edi*a% *o%%ege )rin*i)a%s and t'o e!e*utive

odies o. t/e Bureau o. Edu*ation and Bureau o. Cea%t/ /ave )arti*i)ated in t/e stud&

8/oug/ t/e resear*/er 'ants to (no' t/e %anguage needs o. t/e students, tea*/ers and

ad"inistrators are a%so )arti*i)ants o. t/e stud& 8/eir in*%usion is intentiona%%& needed

.or se%.H)er*eived needs o. t/e students tend to e va%id and re%ia%e '/en )er*eived

needs and o@e*tive%& "easured needs o. tea*/ers and ad"inistrators to'ards t/e students

%anguage needs are *rossHre.eren*ed 'it/ t/e identi.ied students needs FMasu/ara 199


37/81

8/e Duestions re.er to )ro.essiona%, )ersona%, %anguage %earning in.or"ation, and t/eir

Eng%is/ %anguage in.or"ation, t/eir %a*(s, (no'%edge o. /o' %anguage and s(i%%s 'ere

used dis)at*/ed to t/e students 8/e tota% nu"ers o. ite"s 'ere 12 Most o. t/e

Duestions 'ere stru*tured 8/ere 'as on%& one Duestion t/at reDuests t/e students to

suggest "a(ing t/e Eng%is/ *ourses "ore e..e*tive and use.u% to t/eir stud& Si"i%ar

se"iHstru*tured Duestionnaire /ad a%so een a**essed to t/e tea*/ers regarding t/e

%anguage ite"s, t/e "et/od o. tea*/ing, and t/eir orientation in ES, s&%%aus, testing, t/e

%anguage s(i%%s and ot/er si"i%ar issues 8/e tota% nu"ers o. ite"s 'ere 158/ere 'ere

t'o Duestions t/at %et a roo" to t/e tea*/ers to e!)ress t/eir vie's 'it/out t/e */oi*es

given & t/e resear*/er

Bot/ t/e students and t/e tea*/ers Duestionnaires 'ere ada)ted .ro" Baster("en F199


38/81

odies t/at 'ere not )arti*i)ated in t/e .ina% intervie' )ro*ess Cere again t'o Duestions

'ere .urt/er i%%ustrated .or *%arit& Fsee A))endi! 3

3.3.3. "ocument analysis

8/e resear*/er /ad assessed t/e te!too(s o. t/e students, t/e *urri*u%u" guide to /ave a

rie. overvie' o. t/e "ateria%s

3.. "ata collection procedures

8/e "et/od o. data *o%%e*tions /ad t/e .o%%o'ing .our *onse*utive stages

Stage 1 E!)%orator& intervie' /ad een .or'arded ased on t/e *urri*u%u" guide or

s&%%aus, instru*tiona% )ro*ess, tas(s and a*tivities, "et/odo%og&, and )ro%e"s

in*urred in tea*/ingH %earning )ro*ess ?))en/ei", Duoted in Bastur("en

F199


39/81


40/81

CHAPTER FOUR_ FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

.1. indings

A%% t/e students, tea*/ers and ot/er sta(e/o%ders in stud& /ave res)onded to t/e Duestions

.or'arded to t/e" .u%%& as .ar as t/eir rea%" o. (no'%edge, t/eir )re.eren*es and attitudes

are *on*erned 8/e resear*/er, t/us, is going to )resent t/e .indings o. t/e )arti*i)ants o.

t/e stud& in order "entioned aove

.1.1. Students< responses to personal information

ersona% in.or"ation aout t/e %earners in*%ude t/eir a*(ground in.or"ation, t/eir )ur)oses o. %earning Eng%is/, t/eir %earning )re.eren*es, t/eir attitude to'ards t/e Eng%is/

%anguage, t/e di..erent situations in '/i*/ t/e& use t/e %anguage and t/e s*/oo%

environ"ent 8/us, /ere .o%%o's t/e students res)onses 'it/ ot/ Duantitative and

Dua%itative des*ri)tions

.1.1.1. Students< purposes of learning and language use

8/e students 'ere given %i(ert s*a%es Duestions t/at signi.& degrees o. agree"ent and

i")ortan*e to so"e o. t/e Duestions t/e& /ave as(ed Ad@e*tives t/at signi.& agree"ent

and disagree"ent 'ere given 'eig/ts 1 to 5 "ost i")ortant res)e*tive%& 1 re)resents t/e

/ig/est )ositive va%ue o. t/e *ounted .reDuen*ies $or e!a")%e, i. 2;< students strong%&

agree on t/e state"ent, it 'ou%d e "u%ti)%ied & 1 and )ut as it is Si"i%ar%&, i. 20

students strong%& disagree on *ertain intent, 20 'ou%d e "u%ti)%ied & 5 and e*o"es

100 8/us, t/e %o'er t/e "ean s*ore t/e etter ran( it 'ou%d ta(e 8/is 'eig/t a%%ot"ent

is va%id to t/e rest o. t/e ana%&sis in t/is )a)er

As &ou *an distinguis/ .ro" t/e ta%e e%o', t/e .irst t/ree ran(s o. t/e students

)ur)oses o. %earning Eng%is/ 'ere to stud& ot/er su@e*ts FT 10#, to )er.or" a*tivities

F 1153 in t/eir stud&, and to intera*t 'it/ )eo)%e F 1163 8/e students */oi*es

/ave een attriuted to t/e *o""uni*ative %anguage tea*/ing and EA 8/e students

#0


41/81

'it/out a esta%is/ed t/oug/t aout EA, t/e& /ad said t/at t/e& 'ant Eng%is/ .or

%earning ot/er su@e*ts and to )er.or" "edi*a% a*tivities in t/eir stud& 7/en t/e students

se%e*ted intera*tion .ro" t/e outset, 'e *an easi%& understand t/at t/e& tend to %earn

.un*tiona% use o. t/e %anguage

T1),/ '.. S-7/6* -2+*/* +5 ,/12646? E6?,4*0

P-2+*/* O5 L/12646? E6?,4*0

I ,/126 E6?,4*0 +: 5= R16>

Stud& ot/er su@e*ts 30< 10# 1

Intera*t 'it/ )eo)%e 3#2 1163 3

Read "edi*a% arti*%es 3;5 12;5 5er.or" a*tivities in "& stud& 339 1153 2

7rite "edi*a% re)orts 35< 121; #

Use in "& .uture *areer #;; 1622 6

8/e students 'ere a%so as(ed t/eir )re.erred situations o. using t/e %anguage 8/e .irst

t/ree se%e*tions o. t/e students use o. t/e %anguage 'ere at s*/oo%, during stud&ing and

during a))renti*es/i). 8/oug/ t/e students )ur)oses o. %earning 'ere intera*ting 'it/

)eo)%e, t/e& /ad not se%e*t intera*tion in t/is regard $or t/is, 'e "a& *orres)onding%&

see t/e students re%u*tan*e 'it/ t/eir )oor )ro.i*ien*& '/i*/ 'as testi.ied & t/e"se%ves

'/en t/e& %eve% t/eir )resent %anguage )ro.i*ien*& Fsee 8a%e #; 8/e students %o'er

*a)ai%it& o. Eng%is/ 'as a%so testi.ied & ot/ t/e tea*/ers and t/e e!e*utive )ersonne%

o. a%% institutions under t/e stud&

.1.1.2. Students attitude to,ards the &nglish courses

Students 'ere as(ed to %eve% t/eir *onsideration o. t/e Eng%is/ *ourse in t/eir stud& Most

o. t/e students regarded Eng%is/ as "ost i")ortant F905 and i")ortant F5# 8/is

s/o's t/at t/e students /ave given 'eig/t to t/e Eng%is/ *ourse t/e& are stud&ing

A*tua%%&, t/is is an asset to t/e tea*/ers and to a%% ot/er sta(e/o%ders to tea*/ students

Eng%is/ *ourses to t/e trainees 7/en %earners attitudes .ound )ositive, t/e& 'ou%d t/en

#1


42/81

)ossi%& "otivated to %earn .or t/e& /ave a%so instru"enta% and .un*tiona% )ur)oses o.

t/eir o'n in %earning Eng%is/

T1),/ '.". S-7/6*’ 14-7/* +9127* E6?,4*0 3+-2*/*

A4-7/ +5 0/ S-7/6*

T+9127* 0/ E6?,4*0 C+-2*/* MI VI I

N

I

5= 5=

I 3+6*47/2 E6?,4*0 3+-2*/* 1*:

$ .! . . .! $ .!

266 266 16 32 12 36 H H 29# 33# 1136

905 5# #0


43/81

D/12;/6 S>4,,* F= R16>

Nursing

4istening 225 22959 #

S)ea(ing 125 12;55 1

Reading 161 16#2< 27riting 2# 21


44/81

)ossi%e a*/ieve"ent va%ue t/e& /ave in t/eir a*ade"i* su**ess :onsidering t/eir needs,

t/e institutiona% goa%s, and t/e )resent da& EM status, tea*/ers and "ateria% 'riters *an

)ossi%& a"end t/e s)e*i.i* needs o. ea*/ de)art"ent students in t/e instru*tiona%

)ro*ess 'it/out a..e*ting t/e interdis*i)%inar& *ourses o. Eng%is/ '/i*/ )ossi%&

)re)ared .or t/e"

8/oug/ t/e generi* vie' o. "i*ro s(i%%s see" as "entioned aove, t/ere are variations

.ro" de)art"ent to de)art"ent in */oosing t/e "i*ro s(i%%s in t/eir %earning $or

e!a")%e, reading %aorator& instru*tion is */osen .ourt/ in ot/ %aorator& te*/ni*ian and

)/ar"a*& te*/ni*ian de)art"ents, '/i%e it is se%e*ted eig/t/ a"ong nursing de)art"ent

students Si"i%ar%& s)ea(ing to a )u%i* on "edi*a% issues /as een se%e*ted .ourt/ a"ong

%aorator& te*/ni*ian students '/i%e t/e ot/er t'o de)art"ents stood it si! 8/oug/ t/ere

are su*/ s%ig/t variations t/at *an e *o")ensated & t/e su@e*t tea*/er & var&ing

a*tivities to ea*/ o. t/e de)art"ents, t/e se%e*tion o. t/e "i*ro s(i%%s /ave diverse

si"i%arit& a"ong t/e" S)e*ia%%&, t/e %istening s(i%% and 'riting s(i%% */oi*es o. t/e

students are a%"ost si"i%ar '/i*/ Duests interdis*i)%inar& "ateria% )re)aration a*ross t/e

de)art"ent 8/is /as een a%so testi.ied & t/e e!e*utive odies o. ot/ A%(an and

ia"ed :o%%eges and e!)ertise .ro" Bureaus o. Edu*ation and Cea%t/ o. Region 8/ree

.1.2.3. Students grammatical and functional language needs

Students /ad a%so t/eir o'n */oi*es o. gra""ati*a% and .un*tiona% %anguage ite"s in

%earning no'ing t/ese de"anding e%e"ents is a%so )rett& essentia% to %anguage tea*/ers

and ot/er *on*erned odies to design t/e "ateria%s .ro" t/ese )ers)e*tives In t/is

resear*/, students /ave se%e*ted re)orted s)ee*/, a*tive and )assive voi*e and

*o""uni*ative a*tivities as t/eir est )rioriti-ed ite"s '/i*/ t/e& 'ant to %earn As &ou

*an )er*eive .ro" t/e ta%e e%o', t/e "ean s*ore o. re)orted s)ee*/ is 11; '/i%e t/e

"ean s*ore o. *o""uni*ative a*tivities and tenses are 125< and 16#6 res)e*tive%&

T1),/ '.'. S-7/6*’ ,16?-1?/ 4/;* 2/5/2/63/*

##


45/81

L16?-1?/ 4/; 2/5/2/63/*.

I 2/5/2 + ,/126: 5= R16>

Re)orted s)ee*/ 3## 11; 1

:onditiona% tenses 539 1 Mid and .ina% se"ester

e!a"inations 3#; 1< #

air 'or(s #;< 1625 2

Individua% a*/ieve"ents 592 2013 5

A series o. tests, Dui--es,

assign"ents, *%ass 'or(s,

32; 1112 1

#5


46/81

/o"e'or( et*

Grou) and *%ass )er.or"an*e 522 1;; 3

.1.2.!. Students o,n judgments of their present language ability

8/e students 'ere a%so as(ed to eva%uate t/eir o'n Eng%is/ ai%it& using a %i(ert s*a%e t/at

ranges .ro" e!*e%%ent to )oor 8/e& /ave i%%ustrated t/e& /ave %o'er e%ie. in t/eir

Eng%is/ ai%it& Most o. t/e" /ave %eve%ed t/e"se%ves t/at t/e& /ave satis.a*tor& F#;6

and )oor F36; ai%it& o. Eng%is/ 8/is a*tua%%& /as een su))orted & ot/ t/e

tea*/ers and e!e*utives t/at are )arti*i)ated in t/e stud& +uring t/e intervie' sessions

t/e dean and *oordinators o. t/e *o%%eges and e!e*utive *on*erned odies .ro" Bureau o. Edu*ation and Bureau o. /ea%t/ /ave testi.ied t/at t/e students /ave %o'er Eng%is/

)ro.i*ien*& in t/eir %earning Cere,E re)resents e"cellent =G "eans !ery good G

signi.ies good S is satisfactory and re)resents poor

T1),/ '.!. S-7/6*’ +96 /1,-14+6 +5 0/42 2/*/6 E6?,4*0 ,16?-1?/ 2+5434/638

#6

Co' do &ou

%eve% &our

)resent Eng%is/

%anguage

)ro.i*ien*&

E VG G S P

. .! . .! . .! . $! . $! 5

10 10 1; 3# 29


47/81

.1.2.#. Students reaction to the learning process

Students /ave a%so given t/eir res)onses to so"e o. t/e e%e"ents in t/e instru*tiona%

)ro*ess 4earning is a *o")%e! )ro*ess '/i*/ is a it di..i*u%t to Duanti.& its resu%t .or it

*o")rises i""ense *o")onents t/at *ontriute t/eir o'n to t/e end resu%t In t/is se*tion

'/at t/e students need in t/eir %earning, /o' t/e& *ou%d see t/eir in environ"ent, t/e

a*tivities, eva%uation "et/ods, vo*au%aries, *ontents o. *ourse oo(s, and Eng%is/ use

a.ter *o%%ege 'ere se%e*ted a"ong ot/ers to )ut t/eir degree o. agree"ent and

disagree"ent .ro" strong%& agree to strong%& disagree 8/e %ess 'eig/t is given to

strong%& agree Fone )oint agree Ft'o )oints disagree Ft/ree )oints and strong%&disagree F.our )oints re)e*tive%& 8/us, t/e %o'er t/e "ean va%ue, t/e etter ran( it

'ou%d /ave Based on Table 2.0;, t/e students .urt/er strengt/ened t/eir need o. "edi*a%

Eng%is/ too & giving t/e )riorit& to "edi*a% Eng%is/ in t/e %earning )ro*ess Students

/ave a%so testi.ied t/at t/eir tea*/ers are using variet& o. eva%uation s&ste"s in "easuring

t/eir a*/ieve"ents As 'e see %ater in t/e tea*/ers Duestionnaire, t/is a*tua%%& *oin*ide

'it/ t/e tea*/ers o'n testi"on& '/en t/e& 'ere as(ed '/et/er t/e& use variet& o.

eva%uation "et/od to eva%uate t/eir students )er.or"an*es

T1),/ '.(. S-7/6*’ 2/134+6 + 0/ ,/12646? 2+3/**

I**-/* I6 T0/ I6*2-34+61, P2+3/** 5 5= R16>

:ontents in t/e tea*/ing %earning )ro*ess o. Eng%is/ are

re%ated to t/e "edi*a% dis*i)%ine 29# 90< 30


48/81

*o%%ege *o")%etion

M& "edi*a% vo*au%aries o. ot/er su@e*ts are /e%).u% in

"& Eng%is/ *%ass 29# ;9; 2;1 6

A*tivities in t/e instru*tion /e%) "& stud& ver& 'e%% 29# 5


49/81

eDua%%& s/ared & t/eir students As &ou see .ro" t/e ta%e e%o', t/e tea*/ers /ave

se%e*ted s)ea(ing as t/e "ost i")ortant s(i%% 'it/ a "ean s*ore o. one 8/e "ean s*ore

o. 'riting and %istening /ave a%so een 16 and 1< res)e*tive%& As &ou see .ro" t/e

"ean s*ores, tea*/ers .o*us o. attention is to'ards s)ea(ing s(i%%

T1),/ '.#. T/130/2* *-??/*/7 ;132+ *>4,,* + ;/7431, 3+,,/?/ *-7/6*

S>4,,*

MI VI I

NI

5 5= R16> $ .! $ .! $ .! . .!

4istening 1 1 1 2 2 6 H H 5 9 1< 3

S)ea(ing 5 5 H H H H H H 5 5 1 1

Reading 2 2 1 2 2 6 H H 5 10 2 #

7riting 3 3 1 2 1 3 H H 5 < 16 2

.1.3.2. eachers vie,s of students< difficulty

8ea*/ers are t/e )rin*i)a% )ra*titioners '/o are engaged 'it/ tea*/ing to give t/e

students .res/, *onvin*ing and )ra*ti*a% )ie*es o. in.or"ation Si"i%ar%&, t/e& are

e!)e*ted to de%iver *onstru*tive *o""ents in deve%o)ing, in */anging t/e *urri*u%u", in

#9


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designing s&%%auses and in deve%o)ing tea*/ing %earning "ateria%s so as to so%ve

institutiona% )ro%e"s toget/er 'it/ ot/er sta(e/o%ders In t/is resear*/ )a)er tea*/ers

'ere as(ed to )in)oint t/e 'ea(nesses o. t/eir students '/i*/ t/e& are e!)erien*ed

7riting ro@e*ts, %istening a*tivities, *o")osition a*tivities, *onversationa% s(i%%s and

genera% vo*au%ar& are t/e to) .ive areas o. .ai%ures o. t/e students in t/e e&es o. t/e

tea*/ers 8/e sa"e /ave said students '/en t/e& /ave testi.ied t/eir "i*ro s(i%%s */oi*es

In turn, "edi*a% vo*au%ar&, "edi*a% and te*/ni*a% a*tivities, reading assign"ents and

senten*e stru*ture 'ere .ound t/e %east )ro%e"s o. "edi*a% *o%%ege students In t/e

.o%%o'ing ta%e &ou *an *%ear%& see t/e tea*/ers vie's o. students %eve%s o. di..i*u%t& &

%oo(ing at t/e "ean s*ores $or a *orres)onding *%arit&, SA "eans strongly agree A

re)resents agree + /o%ds disagree and S+ is strongly disagree

T1),/ '.. T/130/2* ,//,* +5 *-7/6* 9/1>6/**/*

50


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t/at t/e *ourse oo(s satis.& '/i%e trans%ation, "edi*a% Eng%is/ and )re)aration .or .uture

e!a"s 'ere regarded t/e otto" t/ree goa%s t/at t/e *ourse oo(s satis.& 8/is again

dis*%oses t/at "edi*a% Eng%is/ is not t/e goa% o. t/e *ourse oo(s t/at are e")/asi-ed

Negating trans%ation and )re)aring students .or t/e .uture e!a"s, /o'ever, is so"et/ing

"issing .ro" t/e *o%%eges u%ti"ate goa%s t/at are genera%%& e!)e*ted

$ro" do*u"ents ana%&sis, t/e 'riter o. t/is t/esis /as .ound "is"at*/ et'een

institutiona% goa%s and tea*/ers )er*eived goa%s as 'e /ave di*tated ear%ier 8/e Revised

:urri*u%u" .or +i)%o"a Medi*a% :o%%ege Students, F2000 di*tates t/e students are

e!)e*ted to attain t/e .o%%o'ing o@e*tives

s)ea( t/e %anguage in a si")%e and understanda%e "anner,

%isten and *o")re/end *%ients /ea%t/ in.or"ation,

'rite *%ear, %egi%e, and a**urate "edi*a% a*tivities in t/eir .ie%ds,

re*eive instru*tions *orre*t%&,

deve%o) t/e ai%it& to *arr&out orders,

*o""uni*ate 'it/ *%ients, /ea%t/ tea" "e"ers and ot/er, and

deve%o) stud& s(i%%s .or .urt/er edu*ation

8/oug/ t/e Ministr& o. edu*ation )ro)oses su*/ o@e*tives, )re)aring t/e students .or

.urt/er edu*ation and "edi*a% Eng%is/ 'ere not se%e*ted as goa%s o. t/e *ourses & t/e

tea*/ers

T1),/ '.&. G+1,* +5 0/ E6?,4*0 3+-2*/* 52+; 0/ /130/2*’ 161?/ +46

G+1,* 5 5= R16>

8rans%ation 5 23 #6 9

4istening 5 12 2# 5

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S)ea(ing 5 9 1< 2

7riting 5 9 1< 2

Gra""ar 5 16 32 6

re)aration .or .uture e!a"s 5 1; 3# ;

Reading *o")re/ension and

vo*au%ar& deve%o)"ent 5 11 22 #

Genera% Eng%is/ 5 6 12 1

Medi*a% Eng%is/ 5 1; 3# ;

Additiona% *o""ents No additiona% :o""ents

As &ou see .ro" ta%e and t/e institutiona% goa%s des*ried in t/e )re*eding se*tion, t/e

.o*us is to deve%o) integrative s(i%%s o. t/e students '/i*/ are & .ar t/e essen*e o. GE

t/an EM

.1.3.!. eachers reactions about the course books and other teaching materials

8ea*/ers /ave a%so re*ti.ied t/at t/e distriution o. e")/asis on di..erent s(i%%s is re%evant

to t/e students needs :ourse oo(s need su))%e"entation and a*tivities in t/e *ourse

oo(s are interesting and varied are */osen issues t/e& agree at Co'ever, tea*/ers /ave

a%so s/o'n t/eir reservations or re%u*tan*e on t/ree )oints 8/ese are su@e*ts in t/e

oo(s are a))ea%ing to t/e students *ourse oo(s are 'e%% suited to t/e students 'ants

and needs e!er*ises are re%evant to t/e institutiona% goa%s and students en@o& .o%%o'ing

a*tivities in t/e oo(s

T1),/ '.. T/130/2*’ 14-7/* +6 0/ ,16?-1?/ /13046? ;1/241,*

Issues aout t/e *ourse oo(s and tea*/ing "ateria%s 5 5= R16>

8/e %eve% o. t/e %anguage in t/e *ourse oo(s is

a))ro)riate to students %eve% 5 12 2# 3

:ourse oo(s are 'e%% suited to t/e students needs and

'ants 5 1; 3# 6

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Students en@o& .o%%o'ing t/e a*tivities in t/e oo(s 5 19 3< <

A*tivities in t/e *ourse oo(s are interesting and varied 5 13 26 #

E!er*ises are re%evant to t/e institutiona% goa%s 5 1; 3# 6

:ourse oo(s need su))%e"entation 5 < 16 2

Su@e*ts in t/e oo(s are a))ea%ing to students 5 16 32 5

+istriution o. e")/asis on di..erent s(i%%s is re%evant to

students needs 5 6 12 1

Additiona% :o""ents No .urt/er *o""ent given

In /ere, t/e tea*/ers /ave said t/at t/e a*tivities in t/e te!too(s are interesting and

varied and si"i%ar%&, t/e& /ave not agreed u)on on t/e state"ent t/at reads t/e students

do en@o& .o%%o'ing t/e a*tivities in t/e *ourse oo(s 8/ese t'o issues see"

*ontroversia% su)er.i*ia%%& /o'ever, t/e& /ave no so"et/ing *ontradi*tor& i. 'e %oo( at

t/e" dee)%& 8/oug/ a*tivities in t/e *ourse oo(s are varied and interesting .ro"

s*/o%ar%& )oint o. vie', students do not )ra*ti*a%%& en@o& t/ose varied and interesting

a*tivities in rea%it& So"et/ing t/at 'e sa& interesting "a& not )ra*ti*a%%& e so, .or t/ere

are ot/er varia%es t/at inter.ere F%i(e t/e students ai%it&, t/e dis*i)%ine t/e& are

stud&ing, t/e tea*/ers 'a& o. de%iver& and so on and *ause variations 8/us, t/e .or"er

one is nor"ative Ft/eoreti*a% s*/o%ar%& e%ie., '/i%e t/e %atter one is des*ri)tive Fe"anate

.ro" t/e )ra*ti*a% tea*/ing %earning )ro*ess

4i(e'ise, res)ondents /ave a%so een as(ed to %ist .ive .a*tors o. tea*/ing Eng%is/ in t/e

*o%%ege 8/is Duestion /as een as(ed to diagnose areas o. .ai%ures in t/e *o%%eges in

re%ation to t/e "ateria% in use and t/e a))roa*/ o. tea*/ing Eng%is/ 8/us, tea*/ers /ave

%isted t/e "issing o. re%evant *ourse oo(s, %o' students "otivation, %arge *%ass si-e,

inadeDuate tea*/ing .a*i%ities, %a*( o. re*urrent )ro.essiona% deve%o)"ent, unavai%ai%it&

o. standardi-ed tests in Et/io)ia, and %a*( o. re*ent%& )u%is/ed Eng%is/ oo(s in t/eir

*o%%eges, as t/e "a@or .a*tors t/at ostru*t t/e tea*/ingH%earning )ro*ess o. Eng%is/ in

t/eir *o%%eges

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.1.. Analysis of intervie,ees responses

8/e e!e*utive odies .ro" ea*/ o. t/e *o%%eges and *on*erned odies .ro" ureau o.

edu*ation and ureau o. /ea%t/ o. A"/ara Region 'ere as(ed seven Duestions Ea*/ o.

t/e Duestions are se"i stru*tured in order to e%i*it t/e intervie'ee .urt/er e!)%anation

'/en a need arise 8/e .irst Duestion '/i*/ 'as .or'arded to t/e intervie'ees 'as

'/et/er t/e& t/in( t/e *urri*u%u" and t/e te!too(s t/at are )resent%& in use in t/e

*o%%eges are re%evant and re%ated to t/e students stud& ?ne o. t/e intervie'ee /as

res)onded t/at t/ese asi* do*u"ents F"ean t/e s&%%aus and t/e *urri*u%u" /ave no

asi* )ro%e" o. t/eir o'n in tea*/ing Eng%is/ in )arti*u%ar and in using Eng%is/ as

"ediu" o. instru*tion, in genera% 8/oug/ t/e intervie'ee testi.ied t/is, /e /as a%so noted

t/at t/e )ro.i*ien*& o. Eng%is/ is e%o' t/e standard $urt/er"ore, t/is intervie'ee /as

a..ir"ed t/at t/is does not ne*essari%& re%ate to t/e *urri*u%u" and t/e te!too(s '/i*/

are eing e")%o&ed

Si"i%ar%&, t/e t'o intervie'ees /ave suggested *o")re/ensive te!too(s to a%% si"i%ar

*o%%eges a*ross t/e *ountr& ?ne a"ong t/e" /as said t/at t/e to)i*s .ro" Grade 11 and

Grade 12 te!too(s are not taug/t to t/e students /a)/a-ard%&, to)i*s are se%e*ted .ro"

ea*/ o. t/e grade %eve%s t/at .it t/e "edi*a% students needs $or e!a")%e, t/e to)i*s The #uman Body5 and Mind


56/81

8/e .ourt/ intervie'ee /as strong%& asserted t/at t/e Eng%is/ te!too(s do not satis.& t/e

de.i*it o. t/e students 8/e te!too(s do not ta(e into a**ount t/e a*(ground (no'%edge

o. t/e students S/e /as .urt/er e!)%ained t/at "ost o. t/e students /ave .ai%ed t/e tent/

grade e!a"ination in s)ite o. t/is t/e& are .or*ed /ere to %earn t/e )re)arator& s*/oo%

students te!ts 8/is is so"et/ing irrationa%, as o. t/is intervie'ee

8/e ne!t Duestion 'as, 7/at s(i%%s and %anguage ite"s do &ou re*o""end to "edi*a%

*o%%ege students 8/e .irst intervie'ee /as re*o""ended 'riting, reading and

vo*au%ar& s(i%%s to "edi*a% students Ce /as .urt/er added *o""uni*ative a*tivities and

'a&s o. re)orting "edi*a% *ases, Fsu*/ as %aorator& re)orts, a))renti*es/i) re)orts need

/ave to e e")/asi-ed e..e*tive%& 8/e se*ond intervie'ee /as )rioriti-ed s)ea(ing and

'riting to ot/er "a*ro s(i%%s Fveri.&ing s(i%%s are integrated, interde)endent 8/e rest

t/ree res)ondents /ave re*o""ended integrated %anguage s(i%% tea*/ing %earning

)ro*esses in t/e *o%%eges 8/e deans o. t/e *o%%eges /ave a%so een as(ed '/et/er t/e

students need to e taug/t 'it/ te!ts re%ated 'it/ t/e )ro.ession t/at t/e& are stud&ing or

'it/ te!ts o. universa% nature 8/e .irst res)ondent /as re)%ied t/e students s/ou%d e

%earned 'it/ genera% te!ts t/an 'it/ te!ts o. s)e*i.i* nature Ce /as a%so suggested

interdis*i)%inar& "a*ro s(i%%s t/an "i*ro s(i%%s o. "edi*a% dis*i)%ine 8/e intervie'er /as

as(ed /i" '/& /e /as suggested genera% te!too(s and "a*ro s(i%%s to "edi*a%

)ro.essiona%s 8/e reason /e e!)%ained 'as t/e students "a& .urt/er )ro*eed t/eir stud&,

students are not s)e*ia% )ersons /aving s)e*ia% universe o. t/eir o'n, t/us, as /e /as

strong%& argued, t/e& need to e taug/t 'it/ te!too(s o. universa% nature .o*using on t/e

"a*ro s(i%%s Si"i%ar re)%& /as a%so een "ade & se*ond intervie'ee 4i(e'ise, t/e t/ird

res)ondent /as testi.ied t/at integrative tea*/ing is de"anding a%% a*ross t/e dis*i)%ines

8/us, t/e e!)ert /as said t/at se%e*ting a *ertain s(i%%s to s)e*i.i* dis*i)%ine is not

ne*essar& .or 'e need t/e .our s(i%%s in di..erent o**asions Co'ever, /e /as

re*o""ended t/at re)orted s)ee*/, ora% )resentation s(i%%s need to e e")/asi-ed in t/e

"edi*a% *o%%eges A**ording to /i", t/is /as dire*t%& re%ated to t/e tea*/ers *o")eten*e

in tea*/ing E..i*ient tea*/ers ta(e into a**ount and .o*us on t/e i""ediate and %asting

needs o. t/e students

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dis*i)%ines is de"anding to tea*/ers o. Eng%is/ o. "edi*a% *o%%eges 8/e genera%

re*o""endations t/at "ost o. t/e intervie'ees gave is 'or(ing on t/e ear%& .oundations

o. t/e students Fstarting .ro" indergarten to e%e"entar& .or etter Eng%is/ %anguage

s(i%% deve%o)"ents o. students 8/e& /ave said t/at "ost o. t/e students are *o"ing to t/e

*o%%ege 'it/ )oor Eng%is/ ai%it& t/at */a%%enges t/e "ediu" o. instru*tion in t/e *o%%ege

As it /as een )roved .ro" t/e .our %anguage *%ass tea*/ers, "ot/er tongue trans%ation

are a%'a&s de"anding to rea( t/e in.or"ation ga) et'een t/e tea*/ers and t/e

students

.2. (eneral discussion

As Cu%% F200; notes, '/at "otivates t/e students /ad een (no'n in t/is )a)er 8/estudents in t/ese )rivate *o%%eges /ave */osen s)ea(ing and reading Si"i%ar%&, tea*/ers

/ave )rioriti-ed s)ea(ing and 'riting t/an s)ea(ing and reading */oi*es o. t/e students

8/is .inding is )artia%%& in agree"ent 'it/ t/e .inding o. E)/re"e F200# and *o")%ete%&

disagrees 'it/ Bararas F19


59/81

.our As +ud%e&HEvans and St Jo/n /ave re*o""ended t/at t/e ai%it& to %isten to %e*ture

"ono%ogue is )arti*u%ar%& essentia% in EA situation and t/is notion /as een re*ti.ied &

t/e students '/en t/e& */ose t/eir est "i*ro s(i%%s .ro" t/e %ists given to t/e" $ro"

%istening s(i%%, %istening to %e*ture and ot/er s)o(en sour*es, %istening to instru*tions .or

assign"ents and %istening to dra"a, ro%e )%a&, et* 'ere */osen as t/e to) "ost )riorities

o. t/e students Si"i%ar%&, students /ave )ut note ta(ing .ro" %e*ture and ot/er s)o(en

sour*es, ans'ering *o")re/ension Duestions, 'riting a))renti*es/i)s re)orts and 'riting

assign"ents .ro" 'riting s(i%% as t/eir est "i*ro s(i%%s o. 'riting ?.ten a*tivities

de"and integrated s(i%%s to under go "edi*a% a*tivities a%toget/er 8/at is '/& Cu%%

F200


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given to t/e" 8/e tea*/ers use o. varied tests "ig/t /ave "et to t/e divergent needs o.

t/e students, .or tests need to "at*/ 'it/ t/e reason .or %earning 8/us, te!tua% Duestions

and "u%ti)%eH*/oi*e Duestions need to e re%ated to t/e s(i%% needs Fs)ea(ing and reading

o. t/e students 8esting is one o. t/e e%e"ents in ES t/at s*/o%ars /ave a*tua%%& sa& a

good ES test is re%ated to t/e students reason .or %earning t/e target %anguage FA%derson,

19


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8/ere 'ere "is"at*/es, /o'ever, et'een t/e students res)onses and t/e tea*/ers

*on.ir"ations $or e!a")%e, tea*/ers s)e*u%ative identi.i*ations o. )ossi%e .ai%ures o.

students did not re)resent t/e students rea% needs Students sa& t/at t/eir )ro%e" 'as

s)ea(ing tea*/ers a..ir"ed t/at vo*au%ar&, senten*e stru*ture, reading *o")re/ension,

et* as t/eir .ai%ures Besides, '/i%e t/e students *%ai"ed t/at t/e& are interested in

%earning, tea*/ers "entioned %a*( o. "otivation o. t/e students as one o. t/e asi*

)ro%e"s in tea*/ingH%earning Eng%is/ 8/us, .urt/er investigation & using t/roug/

do*u"ent ana%&sis and oservation is *ru*ia%%& re*o""ended to .ind so%utions and to

*o")ro"ise di..eren*es 8ea*/ers need to ana%&-e students needs to (no' '/at to tea*/,

/o' to tea*/ and '/& to tea*/ As Sari F2003 e!)%ains, needs and goa%s in s&%%aus

design need to "at*/ 'it/ t/e o@e*tives .or s)e*i.i* %anguage %earning 7/en t/e

s&%%aus is designed 'it/ t/e ai" o. tea*/ing *ertain %anguage s(i%%s to e used in

)arti*u%ar settings .or s)e*i.i* needs as in ES *onditions, t/e s)e*i.i* needs are going to

s/a)e t/e se%e*tion, organi-ation and t/e )resentation o. t/e %anguage "ateria% in t/e

s&%%aus FCut*/inson O 7aters, 19


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Students s/ou%d asi*a%%& e *entra% re.eren*e )oints o. "ateria% )re)aration, *ourse

design and ot/er essentia%ities o. t/e tea*/ing %earning )ro*ess $ro" t/is ang%e, Eng%is/

*ourses are eing taug/t in "edi*a% *o%%eges 'it/out t/e .u%% *onsent o. t/e students and

t/e )artia% sta(e/o%ders t/at are in*%uded in t/e stud& Eng%is/ *ourses "ust not e taug/t

in a%ienation to t/e dis*i)%ines t/e students are stud&ing, t/e )ur)ose o. Eng%is/ %anguage

tea*/ing to "edi*a% students :ourses, t/us, need to e designed in*or)orating t/e needs

o. students 'it/ su))%e"entation o. ot/er sta(e/o%ders needs 7it/out doing so, tea*/ing

Eng%is/ *ourses '/i*/ are not )rin*i)a%%& designed to "edi*a% *o%%ege students is

i")osing a *urri*u%u" in .avor o. t/e students %anguage needs In genera%, t/e students

needs, t/e tea*/ers and ot/er sta(e /o%ders )er*eived suggestions and needs /ave not

su..i*ient%& in*%uded in t/e *ourse oo(s 8/us, "ateria% designers need to and )o%i*&

"a(ers need to revise again t/e *ourse oo(s in %ine 'it/ t/e students needs i%%ustrated in

t/e dis*ussion in */a)ter .our

!.3. (eneral recommendation

Based on t/e .indings o. t/e resear*/, t/e resear*/er 'ants to re*o""end t/e .o%%o'ing

notions to ea*/ o. t/ese *o%%eges

• 8/e *o%%eges need to *ondu*t needs ana%&sis s)aring%& and deve%o) or ado)t t/e

e!isting "ateria%s or ne' *ourse oo(s res)e*tive%& $or t/e *o%%eges are using

Eng%is/ as a "ediu" o. instru*tion, giving due e")/asis .or t/e students needs is

de"anding 8/us, s)ea(ing and reading s(i%%s, re)orted s)ee*/ and )assive voi*e

/ave to e e")/asi-ed ?t/er "i*ro s(i%%s '/i*/ are */osen & t/e students

s/ou%d a%so e in*%uded in t/eir te!too(s

• 8/e *o%%eges /ave to /ave s/ort ter" and %ong ter" )%ans to so%ve t/e students

%anguage )ro%e"s & *ondu*ting needs ana%&sis 8/e resear*/er /as .ound a ga)

et'een '/at t/e students 'ant to %earn '/at t/e tea*/ers suggest as t/e goa%s o.

t/e *ourse oo(s and t/e institutiona% goa%s Students are %earning te!too(s t/at

are )re)ared to )re)arator& s*/oo%s t/at are e!)e*ted to @oin t/e /ig/er edu*ation

8/us, t/e resear*/er 'ants to suggest s/ortHter" )%an and %ongHter" )ro*edure .or

t/e instru*tors and ot/er *on*erned odies to deve%o) *ourse oo(s /aving

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veri.ied t/e )ro%e"s .ro" t/is and ot/er si"i%ar resear*/ 'or(s ased on t/e

.o%%o'ing FSee S&so&evs )ro*edures Fnd .or t/e %ongHter" )%an

S0+2/2; *+,-4+6

8o so%ve t/e students )ro%e"s and to satis.& t/eir needs, tea*/ers *an )ossi%& a"end t/e

)resent te!too(s 'it/ ot/er te!too(s o. EM .ro" aroad or t/e& *an ada)t re%ated

"ateria%s & eva%uating its su**ess re*urrent%& Fit "a& e & re*eiving .eeda*(s .ro" t/e

students 8ea*/ers *an a%so *reate di..erent .oru"s on t/e *ourse oo(s deve%o)"ent and

t/e& *an use t/ose stage .eeda*(s .or t/e etter"ent o. t/e )resent *ourse oo(s

L+6?/2; *-??/*4+6*

8/e %ongHter" suggestions run to deve%o) or a%ter t/e )resent *ourse oo(s A te!too(

'/i*/ is not in %ine 'it/ t/e students needs "ust not e i")osed u)on t/e rig/ts o. t/e

students 8/us, "ateria% 'riters, e!)erts o. Ministr& o. Edu*ation, +eans o. t/e "edi*a%

*o%%eges, Eng%is/ and ot/er su@e*t tea*/ers o. t/e "edi*a% *o%%eges toget/er 'it/ ot/er

*on*erned odies need to ana%&-e t/e students needs on t/eir o'n ter"s *ogni-ant o. t/e

resear*/ 'or(s in "edi*a% .ie%ds and re%ated ES 'or(s 8/e se*ond essentia%it& t/at

t/ese sta(e/o%ders need to do is .or"u%ation o. goa%s and o@e*tives o. t/e *ourse 8/e

ne!t ste) is *on*e)tua%i-ing t/e *ontent to deter"ine '/i*/ as)e*ts o. EM %earning 'i%%

e in*%uded, e")/asi-ed, integrated, and used as a *ore o. t/e *ourse to address students

needs and e!)e*tations

8/e .ourt/ ste) is se%e*ting and deve%o)ing EM "ateria%s ased on t/e .or"u%ated goa%s

and o@e*tives A.ter .or"u%ating "a@or o@e*tives and */oosing tea*/ing "ateria%

deve%o)ers need to start )%anning a ne' *ourse It is re*o""ended t/at *ourse )%anners

need to e .%e!i%e in *ourse )%anning, ie t/at t/e& e read& to ad@ust t/e s&%%aus and

"a(e s%ig/t */anges in t/e *ourse '/i%e t/e tea*/ers are tea*/ing, .or e!a")%e, so t/at

t/e& *an est address students interests and needs

6#


65/81

8/e .i.t/ one o. t/e )ro*edures is eva%uating t/e *ourse '/i*/ *an e done eit/er

i")%i*it%& or e!)%i*it%& I")%i*it eva%uation ta(es )%a*e during t/e se"ester, '/en

%earners, & t/eir grades, )arti*i)ation, and "otivation, give *%ues to t/e tea*/er on /o'

t/eir %earning is going on E!)%i*it eva%uation "a& ta(e )%a*e at t/e end o. t/e *ourse or

a.ter students /ave e!)erien*ed it 8/e %ast t'o ste)s are round u) and ta(ing *ourse

deve%o)"ents as an ongoing )ro*ess 8/e .or"er one re.ers to an overvie' on a%% t/e

)ro*esses in order to veri.& t/eir va%idit& and eva%uate t/e", and t/e %atter one re.ers to

)ro.essiona% e!)erien*e, vie's, tea*/ing *on*e)ts, and "et/odo%ogi*a% (no'%edge are

*ontinuous%& */anging t/at de"and )ra*titioners to %oo( t/roug/ t/e "ateria%s in %ine

'it/ t/e */anging essentia%ities o. t/e "ateria%s Genera%%&, tea*/ers and ot/er *on*erned

odies need to 'or( toget/er and undergo eit/er o. t/e s/ortHter" or %ongHter" or ot/

so%utions to "eet t/e students %anguage needs )eriodi*a%%&

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ai& Yig-a' F1990 The 9ommunicati!e :eeds of the #igh &chools in Addis Ababa.

Addis Aaa Universit& FUn)u%is/ed MA 8/esis

A%derson, : F19


66/81

-ni!ersity &tudents. Addis Aaa Universit& FUn)u%is/ed

Bastur("en, C F199


67/81

Masu/ara, C F199


68/81

8a&%or, R F199; English for Ethiopia= &econdary English 9ourse Grade 0$Teachers5

Book. Addis Aaa Edu*ationa% Materia%s rodu*tion and +istriution Agen*&

=igers, So"e Suggestions .or a :ore S&%%aus .or 8ea*/ing Medi*a% Eng%is/ &oto

re.e*tura% Universit& o. Medi*in &ino$-& English Teaching, eHol. , :o./

(&erial :o.0C). Retrived on 02Q02Q200< .ro" t/e 7e

/tt)QQ'''%inguistorg*nQdo*Qsu20050;Qsu20050;0nternal Medicine04 August 0CC@, ol. 0C >ssue 2, 'p 1;1$1;@

APPENDIX STUDENTS QUESTIONNAIRE

Ba/ir +ar Universit&

S*/oo% o. Graduate Studies

$a*u%t& o. Edu*ation,

Eng%is/ +e)art"ent

6


69/81

Q-/*4+66142/ + )/ F4,,/7 )8 0/ S-7/6* +5 M/7431, C+,,/?/* 46 B1042 D12

G/6/21, I65+2;14+6

I a" *urrent%& *ondu*ting a stud& entit%ed >dentifying Students< $anguage )eeds in

'rivate 8edical *olleges in Bahir "ar 8/e Duestionnaire /as .our se*tions 8/e .irst

se*tion re.ers to &our a*(ground detai%s t/e se*ond )art is aout t/e use o. Eng%is/ t/at

&ou are a))%&ing 8/e t/ird se*tion de"ands &ou to se%e*t one or "ore a%ternatives .ro" t/e

%ists given 8/e %ast se*tion reDuests &our o)inion regarding Eng%is/ %anguage, in '/i*/

&ou are going to e!)ress &our agree"ent or disagree"ent Sin*e t/e in.or"ation &ou o..er

)%a&s a great ro%e in t/e *on*%usion o. t/e stud&, t/e resear*/er /ig/%& reDuests &ou to e

genuine and sin*ere in res)onding t/e Duestions

N+/:H

1 A%% t/e res)onses t/at &ou o..er 'i%% e (e)t *on.identia% and used .or resear*/

)ur)oses on%&

2 8/ere is no need to 'rite &our na"e on t/e Duestionnaire

T016>* 46 17163/ 5+2 1>46? 8+-2 4;/ + 54,, 04* -/*4+66142/

I P,/1*/ 2+47/ *+;/ 465+2;14+6 1)+- 8+-2*/,5 )8 -46? 1 43> ;12> 46 0/

*13/J* 2+47/7 +2 )8 ?446? 0/ 6/3/**128 16*9/2 + 0/ -/*4+6* ?4/6 )/,+9..

. S/=

M1,/…….. F/;1,/………

69


70/81

" Age


71/81

Read "edi*a% arti*%es

er.or" a*tivities in "& stud&

7rite "edi*a% re)orts

Use in "& .uture *areer

L16?-1?/ 4/; 2/5/2/63/*.

I 2/5/2 + ,/126:Re)orted s)ee*/

:onditiona% tenses

A*tive and assive voi*e

8enses

:o""uni*ative a*tivities

W18* +5 T/*46?.

I 916 + )/ /*/7 02+-?0:

Grou) and *%ass )er.or"an*e

air 'or(s

Individua% a*/ieve"ents

A series o. tests, Dui--es, assign"ents, *%ass 'or(s,/o"e'or( et*

Mid and .ina% se"ester e!a"inations

9 8o e 'e%% Dua%i.ied in t/e dis*i)%ine t/at &ou are stud&ing, &ou 'ou%d *onsider Eng%is/

as

Most I")ortant

=er& I")ortant

I")ortant

4east I")ortant

10 8/e tea*/ing "et/ods in '/i*/ t/e tea*/ers e")%o& do not /e%) &ou to a*Duire t/e

ne*essar& %eve% o.

%istening s(i%%

s)ea(ing s(i%%

reading s(i%%

'riting s(i%%

11 7/i*/ su s(i%%s do &ou 'ant to %earn 8/i*( in t/e o! )rovided de)ending on t/e

se%e*tion &ou "a(e .ro" ;+* 4;+216 J6-;)/2 $ /28 4;+216 J6-;)/2 "$

;1


72/81

4;+216 J6-;)/2


73/81

*2+6?,8 1?2// " 1?2// < 74*1?2// ' *2+6?,8 74*1?2//

No S1/;/6* " < '

1

:ontents in t/e tea*/ing %earning )ro*ess o. Eng%is/ are

re%ated to t/e "edi*a% dis*i)%ine

2

Instru*tion s/ou%d .o*us on t/e Eng%is/ needed .or "&

stud&

3

8ea*/ers use variet& o. eva%uation "et/ods in t/e

)ro*ess o. instru*tion

#

so"e instru*tion need to .oster "& Eng%is/ use a.ter

*o%%ege *o")%etion

5 A*tivities in t/e instru*tion /e%) "& stud& ver& 'e%%

6M& "edi*a% vo*au%aries o. ot/er su@e*ts are /e%).u% in"& Eng%is/ *%ass

; 8/e s*/oo% environ"ent is *onvenient to stud& Eng%is/

+o &ou /ave an& suggestion .or "a(ing t/e Eng%is/ *ourses "ore e..e*tive and "ore

use.u% to &ou as a students o. "edi*a% *o%%ege

N.B. T0/ -/*4+66142/ 4* 1241,,8 171/7 52+; B1*-2>;/6$ H. J# 167 O-64*$

S. J"&&% 90430 12/ )+0 ESP *-74/* 46 ?u,ait @niversity 167 U64/2*48 +5 H17@

L13>0712 B161 46 A,?/241 2/*/34/,8.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION

;3


74/81

APPENDIX " TEACHERS’ QUETIONNAIRE

Ba/ir +ar Universit&S*/oo% o. Graduate Studies

$a*u%t& o. Edu*ation,

Eng%is/ +e)art"ent

T/130/2*’ Q-/*4+66142/

D/12 C+,,/1?-/

I a" *urrent%& *ondu*ting a resear*/ 'or( entit%ed >dentifying Students< $anguage

)eeds in 'rivate 8edical *olleges in Bahir "ar 8/e )ur)ose o. t/is Duestionnaire is to

.ind t/e %anguage needs o. "edi*a% *o%%ege students in Ba/ir +ar to'n in %earning Eng%is/

.or s)e*i.i* )ur)oses Your *urrent vie' regarding t/e students needs is .unda"enta% to

t/e stud& As &ou are a"ong t/e )eo)%e '/o are dire*t%& invo%ving and in.%uen*ing t/e

tea*/ingH%earning )ro*ess o. Eng%is/ %anguage in "edi*a% *o%%eges, &our genuine

res)onses are /ig/%& a))re*iated

N+/:H

1 A%% t/e res)onses t/at &ou o..er 'i%% e (e)t *on.identia% and used .or resear*/ )ur)ose on%&

2 8/ere is no need to 'rite &our na"e on t/e Duestionnaire

;#


75/81

G/6/21, I6*2-34+6: P- 1 T43> M12> + /130 +5 0/ C0+43/* T01 Y+- S/,/3 46 0/

F2// B+=/* G4/6 + Y+-.

1 Your status in t/e Medi*a% :o%%ege is

art ti"e tea*/er

$u%% ti"e tea*/er

2 Your Dua%i.i*ation

3 +id &ou /ave an& ES FEng%is/ .or S)e*i.i*

ur)oses training *ourses

Yes

No

# S)e*i.& &our tea*/ing e!)erien*es

5 +o &ou /ave an&

s)e*ia% "ateria%

designed .or "edi*a%

students '/o are stud&ing in di..erent .ie%ds o. stud&

Yes

No

6 +o &ou use an& )u%is/ed te!too(s ot/er t/an t/e students te!t

;5

Bat*/e%orQEdu*ation

+egree

Master o. ArtsQ Master o. Edu*ation

+o*tora% +egree

?t/er

Years o. tea*/ing in se*ondar& s*/oo%s

Years o. tea*/ing at t/e *o%%ege

Years o. tea*/ing at t/e universit&

?t/er


76/81

Yes

No

I. &ou sa& &es )%ease s)e*i.& t/e .o*us o. t/e te!t it is

gra""ar .o*us

"eaning .o*us Fso*ia% Eng%is/

Mi*ro s(i%%s .o*us

?t/er

; Co' 'ou%d &ou *%assi.& t/e .o%%o'ing s(i%%s in ter"s o. i")ortan*e to &our students

stud&

* 167 /13046?;1/241,*

" < ' %

1 8/e %eve% o. t/e %anguage in t/e *ourse oo(s

is a))ro)riate to students %eve%

2 :ourse oo(s are 'e%% suited to t/e students

needs and 'ants

;6

M132+ S>4,,* V/28 4;+216 I;+216 N+ 4;+216

4istening

S)ea(ing

Reading

7riting


77/81

3 Students en@o& .o%%o'ing t/e a*tivities in t/e

oo(s

# A*tivities in t/e *ourse oo(s are interesting

and varied

5 E!er*ises are re%evant to t/e institutiona%

goa%s6 Su@e*ts in t/e oo(s are a))ea%ing to

students

; +istriution o. e")/asis on di..erent s(i%%s is

re%evant to students needs

< :ourse oo(s need su))%e"entation

9 Co' su**ess.u% do &ou t/in( are t/e *ourses in re%ation to t/e attain"ent o. t/e

.o%%o'ing goa%s Mar( &our ideas .ro" 5 to 1

E=3/,,/6 " G++7


78/81

W/1>6/**/* " < '

4istening A*tivities

S)ea(ing A*tivities

Reading Assign"ents

7riting ro@e*tsGra""ar A))%i*ations

:o")osition A*tivities

:onversationa% S(i%%s

Medi*a% and 8e*/ni*a% A*tivities

Genera% =o*au%ar&

?t/er F)%ease s)e*i.&

11 7/at t&)e o. tests do &ou use F&ou *an */oose "ore t/an one a%ternative

A te!t 'it/ Duestions 'it/ it

Mu%ti)%eH*/oi*e Duestions

Essa& Duestions

?ra% tests

?t/ers

12 Co' do &ou .ind t/e students )arti*i)ation 'it/ te!ts in t/eir te!too(s

E!*e%%ent

Better

Good

4o'

13 4eve% .ive .a*tors t/at &ou /ave .a*ed in tea*/ing Eng%is/ at t/e "edi*a% *o%%ege t/at

&ou are 'or(ing in

1 2

3

# 5

;


79/81

1# 7/i*/ o. t/e .o%%o'ing do &ou re*o""end to &our students in order to "a(e t/e"su**ess.u% in t/eir stud&

15

Cave &ou an& suggestion .or "a(ing t/e Eng%is/ *ourses "ore e..e*tive and "ore

re%evant to t/e students needs in t/eir .ie%d o. stud&

Yes

No

I. &ou sa& &es, '/at are &our suggestions

N.B. T0/ -/*4+66142/ 4* 1241,,8 171/7 52+; B1*-2>;/6$ H. J# 167 O-64*$

S. J"&&% 90430 12/ )+0 ESP *-74/* 46 ?u,ait @niversity 167 U64/2*48 +5 H17@

L13>0712 B161 46 A,?/241 2/*/34/,8.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR GENUINE RESPONSES

;9

Reading *o")re/ensionGenera% vo*au%ar&

Medi*a% vo*au%ar&

4istening *o")re/ension

Gra""ar

:onversation

7riting *o")osition

?t/er F)%ease s)e*i.&


80/81

APPENDIX < STAKEHOLDERS INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

I6/24/9 Q-/*4+6* + M/7431, C+,,/?/* E=/3-4/ B+74/* 167 +0/2 S1>/0+,7/2*

8/is stud& ai"s at identi.&ing students %anguage needs o. A%(an Medi*a% :o%%ege,

Medi*oBio"edi*a% :o%%ege and i&a"ed Medi*a% :o%%ege In order to a*/ieve t/is

o@e*tive, &our res)onses are .unda"enta% 8/e intervie' is Duite *on.identia% and is on%&

used .or t/e o@e*tive stated aove

T016> 8+- 5+2 8+-2 ?/6-46/ 167 3+6*2-34/ 2/*+6*/* 46 17163/

1 +o &ou t/in( t/e *urri*u%u" and t/e te!too(s t/at are eing used in "edi*a% *o%%eges

re%evant and re%ated to t/e students stud&

I. &ou sa& no to t/e aove Duestion, '/at (ind o. s&%%aus and te!too(s are desira%e

2 7/at s(i%%s and %anguage ite"s do &ou re*o""end to "edi*a% *o%%ege students

3 S/ou%d t/e students e taug/t 'it/ te!ts re%ated 'it/ t/eir )ro.ession or 'it/ te!ts o.

universa% nature


81/81

# +o &ou t/in( t/at t/e "i*ro Fs)e*i.i* s(i%%s t/at needs to e *overed to students o.

nursing, )/ar"a*& and %aorator& te*/ni*ian e t/e sa"e or di..erent

5 7/i*/ t&)e o. assess"ent t&)e is essentia%%& .unda"enta% to "edi*a% *o%%eges

.or"ative or su""ative *ontinuous or dis*ontinuous 7/&

6 +o &ou t/in( t/at Eng%is/ tea*/ers o. "edi*a% *o%%eges /ave so"e (no'%edge o.

"edi*a% dis*i)%ine +o &ou re*o""end s)e*ia% trainings to Eng%is/ tea*/ers in "edi*a%

*o%%eges

; 7/at genera% re*o""endations do &ou suggest .or etter Eng%is/ %anguage )ro.i*ien*&

o. "edi*a% *o%%ege students

Documents

English Language Need Analysis Thesis